Mechanics of Solids

Internal Resultant Loadings

Internal resultant loadings

Example Determine the resultant internal loadings at D, E and F. y D: Free-body diagram

1.2 m
x MB_D

1.2 m

VD Equations of equilibrium

1.8 m
ND 1.8 m B

A E C
4 kN

4 kN

F VD = 0 ND = 0
D

4 kN

MB_D = 0

Internal resultant loadings

Example Determine the resultant internal loadings at D, E and F. F: Free-body diagram A y

1.2 m
D

1.2 m

Equations of equilibrium

B
4 kN

4 kN

1.8 m
B

A E

4 kN

MB_F VF VF = 0 FFy 4 4 4 = 0
F

x 1.8 m 4 kN F
4 kN

NF NF =12 kN

4 kN

MB_F 4 x 1.2 4 x 1.2 + 4 x 1.2 = 0 MB_F = 4.8 kN m

Internal resultant loadings

Example Determine the resultant internal loadings at D, E and F. y E: FAy 1.2 m 1.2 m D (Support reactions) F A Ax D Free-body diagram E x 1.8 m ME A Equations of equilibrium 4 kN VE A: B NE E C y 1.8 m 4 kN FAy F F x Ax A 4 kN FAx + FCx = 0 FAx = - FCx 4 kN B FCy FAy + Fcy 12 = 0
C

4 kN

C FCx

4 kN

MAC 4 x 1.2 4 x 1.2 + 4 x 1.2 = 0 MAC = 4.8 kN m

MAC = Fax x 1.8 FAx = - 2.67 kN

Internal resultant loadings

Example Determine the resultant internal loadings at D, E and F. y F = F = 6 kN Ay Ay E: FAy (Support reactions) Free-body diagram FAx = - FAx = 2.67 kN MB_E VE NE A E FAx x 1.8 m B E 1.8 m y FBy A B FBx
4 kN

1.2 m
D A

1.2 m

Equations of equilibrium
A:

4 kN

C
4 kN

FAy FAx
4 kN

F
4 kN

FAy x 1.2 (-2.67 x 0.9) 4 x 2.4 = 0

FAy = 6 kN FAx = - 2.67 kN

FAx = - 2.67 kN

Internal resultant loadings

Example Determine the resultant internal loadings at D, E and F. y F = F = 6 kN Ay Ay E: FAy (Support reactions) Free-body diagram FAx = - FAx = 2.67 kN A E NE FAx x 1.8 m B E 1.8 m C
4 kN

1.2 m
D A

1.2 m

Equations of equilibrium

MB_E
VE

4 kN

F VE + FAx = 0 NE + FAy = 0 VE = - 2.67 kN NF = 6 kN

4 kN

MB_E 2.67 x 0.9 = 0 MB_E = 2.4 kN m

Internal resultant loadings

Mechanics of materials: external loads and intensity of internal forces Fx : Shear Force (V) Fy : Shear Force (V) FZ : Normal Force (N) 3-D Mx : Bending Moment My: Bending Moment Mz : Torsional Moment or torque (T) a a F2 F1

y
z Fy a My a M Fx
x

F1

Fz Mz x

F2

Mechanics of Solids

Stress

Stress
Stress: the intensity of the internal force on a specific plane passing through a point The material is continuous (no voids) and cohesive (no cracks, breaks and defects)

[MPa]

Normal Stress,

Tensile Stress:

Compressive Stress:

Shear Stress, ,

Stress
Stress: the intensity of the internal force on a specific plane passing through a point The material is continuous (no voids) and cohesive (no cracks, breaks and defects) Average Normal Stress: (Uniform Uniaxial Stress) a a a-a F A Average Shear Stress: The beam is prismatic bar.

Stress
Stress: the intensity of the internal force on a specific plane passing through a point When the stress (intensity of force) of an element exceeds some level, the structure will fail. For convenience, we usually adopt allowable force or allowable stress to measure the threshold of safety in engineering. allow An 80 kg lamp is supported by a single electrical copper cable. if the maximum allowable stress for copper is Cu,allow=50MPa, please determine the minimum size of the wire/cable from the material strength point of view.

Stress
Factor of Safety, F.S., a ratio of failure load Ffail (found from experimental testing) divided by the allowable one Fallow

Uniform uniaxial stress,

An 80 kg lamp is supported by a single electrical copper cable. if the maximum allowable stress for copper is Cu,fail=50MPa, and the factor of safety of 2 it be achieved, please determine the minimum size of the wire/cable from the material strength point of view. Cu,allow= Cu,fail/F.S. = 25 MPa

Stress Analysis

Engineering Design

Stress
1-71 w = 2.5 kN/m. Member AB has a square cross section of 12 mm. Determine the average normal stress and average shear stress acting at sections a-a and b-b. (p. 45) w 1.2 m

60o

b b A