DILUTING MOLAR SOLUTIONS

Diluting Solutions Concentrated solutions have a relatively high molarity. Dilute solutions have a relatively low molarity.

It is often faster to prepare a number of standard solutions by diluting a more concentrated solution.
The following equation can be used to solve dilution problems when water is added or removed from a solution.

M1 V1 = M 2 V2 M1= the initial molarity V1 = the initial volume M2 = the final molarity V2 = the final volume

The Dilution Formula How it Works

If we have 1 L of 3 M HCl, what is the new concentration if we dilute acid to 6 L (add 5 L of water to the solution)?
1 L x 3 mol = 3 mol HCl 1L
3 mol HCl 6L

M1v1 = 3 mol
V1 = 1 L M1 = 3 M
3 mol/ 1L

M2v2 = 3 mol
v2 = 6 L M2 = 0.5 M

Initial Solution 1. 25.0 mL of 0.10 M solution is diluted by adding 75.0 mL of water. Calculate the molarity of the new solution.

M1 = 0.10 M V1 = 25.0 mL M 1V1 =

M2 = ?

25.0 mL + 75.0 mL

V2 = 100.0 mL

M2 V2

(0.10 M)(25.0 mL)

M2(100.0 mL)

M2 =

0.025 M

Initial Solution 2. What volume of 0.250 M CoCl2 solution can be diluted to 100.0 mL in order to make a 0.0150 M solution?

M1= 0.250 M V1 = ?

M2 = 0.0150 M V2 = 100.0 mL

M1 V1 =

M2 V 2

(0.250 M) V1 V1

(0.0150 M)(100.0 mL)

= 6.00 mL

3.

50.0 mL of 0.500 M CuSO4 solution is diluted to 250.0 mL. Calculate the new concentration and the number of grams CuSO4 in the new solution. M1= 0.500 M V1 = 50.0 mL

M2 = ?
V2 = 250.0 mL

M1 V1 (0.500 M) (50.0 mL)

= =

M2 V 2 M2 (250.0 mL) 0.100 M

M2 =

0.250 L

0.100 mol 1L

159.6 g 1 mol

= 3.99 g

4.

1.53 g of NaCl is dissolved in 100.0 mL of water. Calculate the molarity. The solution is concentrated by evaporating off 60.0 mL of water. Calculate the new molarity.
1.53 g 1 mol x 58.5 g = 0.0262 mol NaCl

0.0262 mol NaCl 0.1000 L

0.262 M NaCl 100.0 mL 60.0 mL M1 V1 = M2 V2

(0.262 M)(100.0 mL) = M2(40.0 mL)

M2 = 0.654 M

Mixing Two Solutions

1.0 L of a 3.0 M HCl solution is added to 0.50 L of a 2.0 M HCl solution. What is the final concentration of HCl?
1.0 L 3.0 mol x 1L 2.0 mol 1L = 3.0 mol HCl = 4.0 mol HCl

0.50 L

1.0 mol HCl

1.5 L

1.0 L + 0.50 L

2.67 M HCl

TRY A FEW 1. How many mL of a 14 M stock solution must be 31.25 mL used to make 250 mL of a 1.75 M solution? 2. You have 200 mL of 6.0 M HF. What concentration 1.2 M results if this is diluted to a total volume of 1 L? 3. 100 mL of 6.0 M CuSO4 must be diluted to what L M? final volume so that the resulting solution 0.4 is 1.5 4. What concentration results from mixing 400 mL of 2.0 M HCl with 600 mL of 3.0 M HCl? 2.6 M 5. What is the concentration of NaCl when 3 L of 0.38 M 0.5 M NaCl are mixed with 2 L of 0.2 M NaCl? 6. What is the concentration of NaCl when 3 L of 0.5 M NaCl are mixed with 2 L of water? 0.3 M 7. Water is added to 4 L of 6 M antifreeze until it is L 1.5 M. What is the total volume of the new16 solution?