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Tc phm: PHM TAM QUC (Tp 2) Tc gi: Dch Trung Thin Nh xut bn: Nxb Cng An Nhn Dn Nm xut bn: 05/2010 S trang: 530 Kh sch: 13 x 20.5cm Gi ba: ng Thng Tin Thc Hin: nh my: khanhnghien Hiu chnh: thanhtradn91 ng gi: thanhtradn91 Hon thnh: 27/04/2013 CHN THNH CM N CC THNH VIN THAM GIA D N EBOOK VTBT

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DCH TRUNG THIN

PHM TAM QUC

T p 2
MC LC PHN 3: TAM QUC THNH TH CHN VC Tp th hai mi nhm: GIA NG PHI B Tp th hai mi su: C VOI I TIN Tp th hai mi by: TIN THOI HT CH TA Tp th hai mi tm: MN DAO GIT NGI Tp th hai mi chn: CHN TNG MNH N Tp th ba mi: TRANH GINH OT CH Tp th ba mi mt: NHN YU M VO Tp th ba mi hai: M MU THNG TRNG MT Tp th ba mi ba: O TRNG QUA SNG Tp th ba mi t: BI V MCH THNH Tp th ba mi nhm: KHIU NH DI HN Tp th ba mi su: VNH AN GI CON PHN BN: LI C NHT THNG Tp th ba mi by: QUN THN C BIT Tp th ba mi tm: NC LA KH DUNG Tp th ba mi chn: AU NH CT RUT Tp th bn mi: HA T BN TRONG Tp th bn mi mt: LY CNG TH Tp th bn mi hai: BT LC, V TRI Tp th bn mi ba: MY GI GP NHAU Tp th bn mi bn: NGI M QUYT VIC NG NAM Tp th bn mi nhm: TNH TRI HN BIN

Tp th bn mi su: I NGI NNG LNH Tp th bn mi by: NGC DNG M LN Tp th bn mi tm: NG RING NG QUY LI KT THC: TRNG GIANG CUN CUN CHY V NG I. S tc thay th qu tc II. Mn phit gp phi qun phit III. Min Nam chng li min Bc IV. ui hu v tt c hu V. Tho chung ri li buc chung VI. Sng sau bin thnh sng trc Li sau cng

PHN 3: TAM QUC THNH TH CHN VC Tp th hai mi nhm: GIA NG PHI B Trn chin Xch Bch ging mt n mnh vo qun To, t To Tho mt th min Nam. Nhng To Tho khng phi l ngi d dng chu nhn tht bi. Ci gi l Lc s tui gi, ch kh khng mi hon ton khng phi l li khuch khoc. Chin bi Xch Bch li ko tnh kh ngo mn bay bng ca To Tho tr v vi hin thc, vic ng lm To Tho cn s lm, cn nm bt thi c hn na. Vy, sau trn chin Xch Bch To Tho lm nhng g? Sau trn chin Xch Bch, v mt qun s To Tho lm ba vic quan trng: ph M, Hn; nh Tn Quyn; tn cng Trng L. Ba vic thnh bi khc nhau, nhng c mt im chung l: Khng lm ti cng, hoc khng truy ui tn qun, hoc cha lp cng quay v, hoc c ri li mt, gi l Gia ng phi b. Bi vy, chng ta rt mun bit v sao li nh th. Trc tin, ni ti vic th nht. Nm Kin An nm XVI (Cng nguyn nm 211), To Tho quyt nh nh M Siu v Hn Toi pha ty. y l ln u tin To Tho ra qun vi quy m ln sau trn chin Xch Bch. Ni v l, th sau hn hai nm chnh n, tch lng, ln na To Tho phi a qun xung min Nam nh Tn Quyn v Lu B, tr ha trong lng, ra nhc Xch Bch, nhng v sao phi nh v hng Ty? Trong To Tho truyn, ngi Trng Tc Diu ni ti ba nguyn nhn. Th nht, lin minh Tn, Lu bin thnh hi, sm mun g cng s ht; th hai, M Siu, Hn Toi cm qun Trung Nguyn, trc sau g cng phi b; th ba, Tn Quyn c mun lin hp vi M, Hn, nhng cha thc hin c v Chu Du m v qua i. Theo Tam quc ch - Chu Du truyn, vo thng mi hai, Kin An nm XV, Chu Du kin ngh ot Thc (Lu Chng), bnh Trng (Trng L), lin M (M Siu). Sng t iu ny, chng ta d dng hiu r v sao ma xun nm XVI, To Tho chun b ra tay vi M Siu v Hn Toi. Nhng tn cng M Siu, Hn Toi khng phi chuyn d. V h u l mnh quan triu nh do To Tho tin c, li khng c chng c phn nghch. T nhin v c ra qun nh h, ni sao cho lt. Th l To Tho nh phi s dng m mu, qu k. Theo Tam quc ch - V k, thng ba nm , To Tho lnh T L hiu y Chung Do ty chinh Trng L, lnh Chinh Ty h qun H Hu Uyn ra khi H ng hi qun vi Chung Do cng nhau tin qun. Chng ta bit, qun ch lc ca Trng L Hn Trung, tn cng Trng L tt phi i qua a phn ca M Siu, Hn Toi. V vy, lnh va ban b rt nhiu ngi phn i (nh Tr th Th ng s V K, Thng To thuc Cao Nhu). H cho rng M Siu, Hn Toi l loi v phu tm tr thp hn,

cu an yn phn. Trng L ni thm sn, ng s cch tr. Triu nh ra qun xa xi nh gic, ch e cha dit c qun Trng L kch ng n M Siu, Hn Toi th phin phc ln. To Tho nghe vy, trong bng ci thm, bi h To ang mun bc M, Hn lm phn. Cng chuyn ny trong Tam quc ch - V K truyn, Bi Tng Chi ch dn Ngy th li ni cch khc. Ngy th ni ngi c ch l Chung Do. Ngi ny cho rng bn M Siu, Hn Toi B ngoi th tun theo, nhng bn trong th cha chc, nn mn c tn cng Trng L buc M Siu phi np con tin: c trch nhim cng bt con tin. To Tho cho Tun c i hi V K, V K phn i. Nhng To Tho li cho rng Chung Do trng coi cng vic y th c lm. Kt qu l Quan Ty phn ln. To Tho nh t dn qun i dp lon. My vn ngi cht mi c yn. Th l To Tho hn khng theo li K. y ng nhin cng l mt cch ni. Nhng ti cho rng, mt ngi quyn mu nh To Tho e khng c tin Chung Do! H Tam Tnh ch gii T tr thng gim li cho rng, ci gi l: ni nh Trng L, nhng ngm nh M, Hn l ch ca h To. y l k nh Quc ly Ng, mc ch buc Ma Siu, Hn Toi phi lm phn, ri em qun tin nh: nhanh chng dp lon, sau mi thm qun. Khng cn bn thm iu ny. ng l Chung Do va xut qun, mi l Quan Ty ca M Siu, Hn Toi u ni dy lm phn. Mi vn ngi hp li chim c ng Quan, chun b sng mi vi h To. Lc ny danh chnh ngn thun, To Tho c c nh h. Thng by nm , sau nhng b tr chin lc, To Tho ln nga, ngy m khng ngh ra tin tuyn. Lc ny To Tho nm mi by tui. Theo trch dn Ngy th ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - V k, lc c ngi lu To Tho, ni: Qun Quan Ty quen dng mu di, rt li hi. To Tho thn nhin ni: Khng h g! Quyn ch ng chin tranh thuc v chng ta. Mu di tuy li hi, nhng chng khng git c ta, cc v c ch xem!. Thc t chin tranh khng din ra nh nhng nh li h To. Thng tm nhun nm , To Tho sut mt mng lc vt sng Hong H tin qun ln Bc. Theo ch dn To Man truyn v T tr thng gim ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch V k, h To cho qun vt sng Hong H trc, cn mnh th cng hn trm tinh binh chn hu ti b nam. Va nh sang sng, th M Siu thng lnh hn vn b, ky binh nh ti, To Tho ra v ngi yn vut ru. Ha Ch, Trng Cp thy tnh th nguy cp lin cng mi ngi nhanh To Tho ln thuyn. Nc sng chy xit. Thuyn mun sang b bc nhng b nc cun i hng bn, nm dm. M Siu cho qun truy bn, tn bay nh ma. Cc tng s ht thy u s hi v khng bit h To u. Ch lc To Tho sang sng gp mt, mi ngi bun vui ln ln, nc mt

tun tro. Tri li, To Tho ming ci khanh khch ni: Hm nay sut na b cht bi tay mt tn gic c. Nhng n thng chn, tnh th khc hn. Ton qun To vt sng V Thy, M Siu cng nhiu ngi khc cn g ni na. Theo Tam quc ch - Gi H truyn, lc M Siu c ct t cu ha, tnh nguyn con em lm con tin. H To hi Gi H. Gi H ni: C th v bng lng (ha gi). To Tho li hi: V bng lng v sau th sao?. Gi H ni: Li thi m. To Tho r ngay - dng k li gin. Cn phi ni thm mt cht v bi cnh, tc l i qun phn nghch ca M Siu, Hn Toi, tuy gi l mi vn i qun, ngi nga mi l, nhng thc cht ch l mt i qun hp. Gia cc v ch soi cng khng ng tm ng c. M Siu l con M ng, quan h gia M ng v Hn Toi cng phc tp. H vn l bn b c, tip n li thnh th ch. Sau ny c To Tho ng ra ha gii, iu M ng vo triu, M Siu mi ha hp vi Hn Toi. y c iu thc ng ni: Va lc, Hn Toi mun gp To Tho. H To kho lo li dng c hi ny. Theo Tam quc ch - V k, by gi To Tho v Hn Toi t qun doanh ci nga n ni trung gian, thn mt tr chuyn rt lu: ngi trn nga va i va ni. H ni nhng g? Khng bn v qun s, ch nhc ti bn c kinh . iu cng chng c g l l. To Tho v cha Hn Toi l Hiu lim cng nm v cng thi vi Hn Toi, cng nhau nhc li chuyn c cng l vic bnh thng. Hn na, khi ni ti chuyn tm c, c hai cn v tay ci m ln. Sau khi Hn Toi tr v, M Siu hi hai ngi ni nhng g, Hn Toi tr li: Khng c g ng ni. ng nhin Khng c g ng ni, bi v h c ni g u, nhng M Siu v nhng ngi khc u khng tin. Mi ngi u tn mt nhn thy hai ngi tr chuyn vui v hi lu, sao bo l Khng c g ng ni? Sau lc M Siu sinh nghi, h To li c tnh ton mi. Theo li ch dn Ngy th ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - V k v Tam quc ch - Ha Ch truyn, Tam quc ch - M Siu truyn, sang ngy th ba, To Tho li gp mt Hn Toi. Ln ny c c M Siu v thi To Tho cng khc ln trc. Ti hin trng c mt hng nga g lm bnh phong, To Tho cho Ha Ch cm dao ng pha sau, r rng l khng tin tng M Siu. S thc chng t h To cnh gic l ng. M Siu c tp kch To Tho trong ln gp mt ny, ch v s Ha Ch m cha dm ra tay. Cn chuyn na cng ng ni trong ln gp mt ny. l lc To Tho ung dung xut hin trc mi ngi, cc thuc tng ca M Siu, Hn Toi trn lng nga u chp tay vi cho. Anh em binh s ginh nhau t thnh mt m ng, mong c nhn thy To Tho. H To ci, ni vi mi ngi: To Tho cng ch l mt ngi bnh thng, khng h c bn mt, hai ming, ch hn mt cht tr tu m thi. L b h ca M Siu, Hn Toi nghe ni vy mi a mt nhn trc sau, pht hin thy To

Tho nh mt ngi sng, b tr nm ngn qun thit k vy quanh, ai ny kinh hn lc phch. u ch st gim, sc chin u r ri. Nhn , To Tho li s dng mt k khc. H To gi cho Hn Toi mt bc th, ri c khoanh ch n, nh du ch kia, v nh Hn Toi sa cha. To Tho ni nhng g trong th, chng ta khng bit v cng khng quan trng. Quan trng l my im ngi Trng Tc Diu ch r: 1- To Tho on bit th no M Siu cng xem th; 2- Li l trong th bng by, c nhiu cch hiu khc nhau; 3- Nhn th bit ngay ngi nhn th sa cha. Kt qu l M Siu xem th, nghi ng, ht tin Hn Toi. Chng ta u bit, trong lc lin qun tc chin, iu s nht l ch soi bt ha. Hn Toi, M Siu nghi ng ln nhau, lng qun dao ng, trn nh khng th thng li. To Tho nm ng thi c, mt trn ui Hn Toi, M Siu ra tn Kinh chu. Sau thng li, To Tho H Hu Uyn gi Trng An, cn mnh tr v Nghip Thnh vo nm sau, nm Kin An th XVII (Cng nguyn nm 212). V sau Hn Toi b cc tng Ty Bnh, Kim Thnh git cht, vo nm Kin An th XX (Cng nguyn nm 215) cng l nm To Tho nh Trng L; M Siu u hng Lu B vo nm Lu B cng ph Lu Chng nm Kin An th XIX (Cng nguyn nm 214). S ni ti s kin th hai - nh Tn Quyn. Mt trong nhng mc ch To Tho nh Hn, M l tr hu ha. Quan Trung bnh nh, mun bn bc trc khi tin nh Tn Quyn. Trong lc chun b, To Tho Nguyn V vit mt bc th di cho Tn Quyn, li l va cng va mm, a ra my iu kin: 1- nu c th Trong dit T B, ngoi nh Lu B th ng s mi mi cai tr vng Giang ng, cn c thng quan, ban tc; 2- Nu khng n git Trng Chiu, ch git Lu B cng c. ng nhin, Tn Quyn s t chi. chng li To Tho, ngay t nm Kin An th XVI, cng l nm To Tho nh Hn Toi, M Siu, Tn Quyn theo kin ca Trng s Trng Honh di t Kinh Khu (nay l th trn Giang Th, Giang T) v Mt Lng (nay l Nam Kinh, Giang T) v i tn thnh Kin Nghip. Cn nghe theo L Mng lp qun cng Nhu Tu Khu (nay huyn V Vi, An Huy). Thi Tn Quyn l vy, mt lng quyt chin. Th l thng mi nm Kin An th XVII, To Tho thng lnh i qun bn mi vn i nh Tn Quyn. Thng ging nm Kin An th XVIII (Cng nguyn nm 213) i qun tin vo Nhu Tu Khu. By gi thy r To Tho tnh ton cha ht v thin thi, a li trong cuc chin , nn va ra qun ri vo th b ng, hai qun trong trng thi knh ch ch i. Theo li ch dn Ng lch ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Ng ch truyn, khi Tn Quyn lun khiu chin To Tho. To Tho th c th khng ra. Th l Tn Quyn thn ln mt chic thuyn nh (tnh ra

phi c mt i thuyn), t Nhu Tu Khu n trc thy tri qun To. H To nhn bit Tn Quyn ti, chc Tn Quyn mun thy tn mt trn th ca qun To mun bit i ng qun ta y, lin h lnh ba qun phi canh phng cn mt, cung tn khng bn ba bi. i thuyn Tn Quyn Thuyn b binh kh qun ng t chnh, i chng nm, su dm trc doanh tri qun To ri mi v. Trc lc rt cn Khua ching, g trng m mt hi lu. To Tho tn mt nhn r tt c, bt gic than rng: Sinh con phi c nh Tn Trng Mu, con ci Lu Cnh Thng ch l loi ch ln!. Nhng trong Ngy lc li ni khc, ni khi Tn Quyn n xem doanh tri qun To i thuyn to. To Tho h lnh bn tn, khng phi cung tn khng bn ba bi. Kt qu l thuyn ca Tn Quyn b nghing v mt bn v b dnh nhiu tn. Th l Tn Quyn h lnh quay thuyn mt kia cng dnh nhiu tn, thuyn tr li thng bng v Tn Quyn lui v. Sau s kin ny, La Qun Trung thm mm thm mui bin ni thnh nhng chic thuyn c mn tn ca Gia Ct Lng trong trn chin Xch Bch. Thc ra, v mt k thut khng th c loi thuyn c mn tn v Tn Quyn cng khng mn tn. Bi Tng Chi ch thch c hai s kin trn trong Ng ch truyn. Vic ny khng th ny sinh hai ln, nhiu hc gi cho cch ni trong Ng lch l ng. iu ny chng ta cng cha hiu. Nhng d l ng hay sai th kh phch anh hng ca Tn Quyn cng hin hin trn giy. ng nhin, cch ni trong Ng lch c nhiu gi tr thm m hn. Ngh xem, Tn Quyn i trn chic thuyn con nhn To Tho, t trong qun doanh To Tho nhn Tn Quyn, cnh tng khin mi ngi phi suy ngh, khin ti nh ti on chng ca Bin Chi Lm: Anh ng trn cu ngm nhn phong cnh, trn lu ngi ngm phong cnh li nhn anh. Trng sng lm p song ca nh anh, anh lm p gic m ngi khc. ng nhin, chin tranh khng phi l ngh thut, l th ca. Nu ni Tn Quyn lm p gic mng To Tho, th e l c mng. Theo li ch dn Ng lch ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Ng ch truyn th sau khi tr v, Tn Quyn gi th cho h To ni: nay xun va ti, ng nn i nhanh. Cn vit thm tm ch: tc h khng cht, ta khng c yn vo mt t giy khc. To Tho xem xong ly lm cm thn mi. ng vy, ma xun lin min, lt li sp ti, binh lnh phng bc tc chin lc ny tht bt li. Qu tht tc h khng cht, ta khng c yn. To Tho gt u ni vi ch tng: Tn Quyn khng la ta, ri h lnh lui qun. Thng t nm v ti Nghip Thnh. ng nhin, sau ny hai bn cn nh nhau my ln na. Khi c dp s ni tip, cn by gi s ni ti s kin th ba. S kin th ba: nh Trng L tng i n gin.

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Thng ba nm Kin An th XX (Cng nguyn nm 215), To Tho khi binh nh Trng L. Lc ny To Tho su mi mt tui, nhng vn thn chinh, bn ba ni chin trng. Thng by, qun To n ca Dng Bnh (pha Ty huyn Min, Thim Ty). Trng L nghe ni chun b u hng, nhng ngi em trai Trng V khng ng , nn chin tranh xy ra. Trn nh ny gn nh mt v kch. Nghe ni lc To Tho pht hin thy ca Dng Bnh khng d nh nh ng dy bo co, lin h lnh lui qun. Sau khi lui qun li nh tr li. Trng V b nh ti bi, Trng L chy ti Ba Trung. S sch ghi chp vic ny khng thng nht Tam quc ch - V k ni nh quay li l mt lnh ca To Tho; Lu Hoa truyn ni l kin ca Lu Hoa; li ch dn Ngy danh thn tu v Th ng trong Trng L truyn li ni l vic ngu nhin. Trong Ngy danh thn tu ng biu vn ca ng Trng ni, by gi vn mun lui qun, nhng i qun dn u li lc ng, lc vo qun doanh Trng V. Qun Trng V tng qun To nhn m ti n tp kch, nn s qu m tan. To Tho c tin, nhn li th m i lnh lui qun thnh lnh tin cng. Th ng li ni, xng vo qun doanh Trng V khng phi l qun To m l my ngn hu nai. Cao T l b tng ca To Tho cho nh trng g ching tp hp qun lnh. Trng V tng i qun ko ti, nn s qu u hng. Tm li, lc u To Tho nh Trng L rt kh khn, nhng tin vui thng trn li rt nhanh chng. V vy Vng Sn c th ca ngi: Ngi ta theo thn v, sao c nhc qun lu. Nhng ti cho rng, ni To Tho thng ln ny l Theo thn v, khng bng ni tp on Trng L mt ht ch chin u. Tp on Trng L va nh tan. Thng mi mt nm , Trng L u hng, c To Tho u i. Trng L u hng, Hn Trung thuc To Tho. Hn Trung l ca ng, l yt hu ca ch chu. Ly xong Hn Trung c th ra tay vi Thc qun. Cho nn va ly xong Thc qun lm cho Lu B ang chin u tranh ginh Kinh chu phi lo lng, c vng Thnh v cng hoang mang. Theo ch dn Ph t ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Lu Hoa truyn, by gi trong Thc mt ngy kinh ng hng my chc ln, Lu B (ni chnh xc l Lu B lu gi Thnh ) lun phi git ngi m vn khng yn (Tuy B git nhng vn khng yn). Trong tnh hnh , tha thng tin ti, tha th vo Thc, p bng ch chu, tiu dit Lu B, phi ni l mt phng n c th ngh ti. Hai v ch b (mc liu cao cp tham d c yu) ca To Tho khi l Lu Hoa v T M u a kin ngh, mong ch thc thi. Kin ngh ca h c ghi ring trong Tam quc ch -Lu Hoa truyn v Tn th - Tuyn k. Lu Hoa ni, sau khi minh cng ly xong Hn Trung, ngi Thc nghe m khip m. Ch cn thc qun tin ti th Thc qun c th truyn hch m ly. Lc ny Thc qun ang trong tay Lu B. Lu B l anh hng, tic l phn ng hi chm, vo Thc cha lu, uy vng cha cao. Vi s thn v ca minh cng, vi thnh th qun ta, vo Thc lc ny khng g

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ngn cn ni. Nu l thi c, Lu B kp hon hn th phin phc ln. V sao vy? V Lu B c minh tng Gia Ct Lng, gii ng tr nc; v c Quan V, Trng Phi lm tng cm u ba qun. Gia Ct Lng c th an nh dn Thc, Quan V, Trng Phi bit gi ni him yu. Nc him dn theo th kh m nh ! T M cng coi y l thi c thun li ln. Lc ny hai nh Lu B, Tn Quyn ang by qun knh ch ginh Kinh chu. y l c hi tt To Tho tin qun. V vy T M ni, Lu B do khn kho mi dit c Lu Chng, ngi Thc cn cha quy thun i nh Giang Lng, cn phi nm ly c hi ny. H T ni: Thnh nhn khng th nh thi, khng nn mt thi c. Cng tc l, thi c cha ti, iu kin cha thnh thc bn khng th n. Khi c thi c, iu kin thnh thc th khng nn b l. i vi mt ngi khng th c hai ln gp cng mt c hi. My li tht ng, nhung To Tho khng theo. Theo Tn th - Tuyn k, To Tho v cng xc ng tht thnh li: Con ngi khng bit th no l , c Lng cn mun c Thc!. Li ni ngc vi in tch. Lc trc Hn Quang V Lu T ni vi i tng qun Sm Bnh cu . Theo Hu Hn th - Sm Bnh truyn, Kin V nm th VIII (Cng nguyn nm 32), Sm Bnh theo Lu T ph Thin Thy, vy Ty Thnh, thng li trong tm tay. Khng lu sau, Lu T quay v hng ng, c th gi Sm Bnh, ni: Con ngi nu cha thy , th c Lng li nhn Thc. Sm Bnh hiu Lu T, sau khi bnh Lng vo Thc git cht Cng Tn Thut. R rng Lu T l: con ngi, lun khng bit th no l , c Lng phi nhn vo Thc. To Tho l ngc li: con ngi, khng th khng bit th no l , c Lng th khng nn nhn vo Thc! To Tho va lui qun, Lu B lin thy phn chn. Lu B vn rt lo lng. Theo Tam quc ch - Tin ch truyn, sau khi nghe tin To cng nh Hn Trung, Trng L chy sang Ba Ty Lu B lin ging ha ngay vi Tn Quyn, hai nh phn chia Kinh chu (phn sau chng ta cn ni ti chuyn ny), cn c ngay i tng qun Hong Quyn dn qun n Trng L, tic l chm mt mt bc, Trng L u hng. Nhng quyt sch lui qun ca To Tho li l c hi Lu B c th li dng. T lu tp on Lu B hiu r tm quan trng ca Hn Trung. Cui Kin An nm th XXII (Cng nguyn nm 217), Lu B phi Trng Phi, M Siu ng qun H Bin (pha Ty huyn Thnh, Cam Tc), nm sau thn lnh ch tng tin qun, bt u mt chin dch qun s quy m ln i vi Hn Trung. Mu thn s hai ca Lu B l Php Chnh, ngi ch mu tin qun ot ly Hn Trung. V sao ni Php Chnh l mu thn s hai? Theo Tam quc ch - Tin ch truyn, th Kin An nm th XIX, Lu B vo Thc l ch chu mc, vi Gia Ct Lng

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l thn thch, Php Chnh l mu ch, Quan V, Trng Phi, M Siu l nanh vut. Xem ra lc ny Gia Ct Lng chnh l Tng l qun chnh; Quan V, Trng Phi, M Siu nam chinh bc chin; Php Chnh xut mu lp k. Theo Tam quc ch - Php Chnh truyn, sau lc h To lui qun, Php Chnh tm Lu B v ni: Lc ny tri gip ta, khng th b l thi c. Kt qu Tin ch theo k thn chinh Hn Trung, Php Chnh theo chn, Gia Ct Lng lu gi Thnh . Quyt nh ca Lu B l chnh xc, ng nhin l vy. Chng ta u bit, trn i ny Lu B ch s c mt ngi l To Tho. Lu B khng h s b tng ca h To, ni chi ti H Hu Uyn, hin trn th Hn Trung, mt tng qun thng rng (mt tng lnh km ci), hu dng v mu, khng bit dng qun. V Lu B cng bit r, c ly c Hn Trung th tnh th mi thay i c bn, thin h mi c th chia ba cng To Tho v Tn Quyn. Vy Lu B quyt nh phi nh. Nhng chin tranh va m u bt li. Ch tng ca To Tho nh nhau d di vi Lu B Dng Bnh quan. Lu B nhn thy, tuy khng c To Tho, nhng khng d i ph vi qun To. Lu B vi vng bin th cho Gia Ct Lng, qun s tng qun lc c thm qun. Nhng khng hiu v sao, c th v va vo Thc hoc v thn trng trong cng vic, Gia Ct Lng c phn do d. Theo Tam quc ch Dng Hng truyn, Lu B Th gp pht binh, Gia Ct Lng cm th n hi Dng Hng - mt v quan trong Thc, Dng Hng ni: Hn Trung l yt hu ca ch chu, quan h ti tn vong. Nu khng c Hn Trung th cng khng c Thc (nu khng c Hn Trung tc l khng c Thc vy). Mt Hn Trung th ha gn k (ha bn ca)! Lc ny con trai nn ra trn (nam i chin u), n lo vic hu cn (n lo vn chuyn). Mong qun s nhanh chng ra qun, cn do d g na! (ng nghi ng, pht binh ngay). Dng Hng ni ti iu c bn: Nu khng c Hn Trung tc l khng c Thc vy. y l iu khc bit gia To v Lu: To Tho c th c Lng th khng nhn Thc, ngc li, Lu B khng c Lng, khng th gi c Thc, mt ngi c ch th c, mt ngi gi c th gi. V vy chin tranh m mn bit ngay thng, bi. Thc t th trong hai nm qun Lu lun nm quyn ch ng v thng ging Kin An nm XXIV (Cng nguyn nm 219) git cht H Hu Uyn ch soi qun To trn ni nh Qun. V vy ch n thng ba nm , khi To Tho thn n Hn Trung ln na th cc th ht ng cu vn. To Tho nhn thi th m th di ri truyn khu lnh gn g ngay trong m, cho qun lui ngay v Trng An. T y Hn Trung thuc h Lu. Thng by nm , Lu B xng l Hn Trung vng. ng nhin, khng bao gi To Tho chu khoanh tay nhng c thin h cho ngi khc. Con ngi gii cm qun ny lp phng tuyn Trn Thng, trn ng giao thng quan trng gia Hn Trung v Quan Trung. Trn Thng cng l mnh t cc binh gia

13

u mun c. Quyt sch khng ch c kt qu ng tin qun ca Lu B. Sut i Lu B, Gia Ct Lng khng sao vt khi c phng tuyn ny. To Tho c Lng th khng nhn Thc, kt qu mt lun c Lng Hu. H To mi mi mt ht kh nng vo Thc, t y l tng thng nht thin h bin thnh my khi. Bi th chng ta rt mun bit cui cng l v sao. C th li Php Chnh l ng. Ban u khi Php Chnh khuyn Lu B tn cng Hn Trung th cu u tin ni ti vn ny. Php Chnh ni: To Tho va ra qun hng phc c Trng L, bnh nh Hn Trung, khng tha thng tin qun ly lun Ba, Thc, li vi vng lui qun. Khng phi To Tho ngh khng thu, qun khng (khng phi tr khng nhanh, qun khng ) nht nh l trong ni b c vn khin h To cm thy b uy hip. Vy, s vic ng nh th ch? Nu l vy th To Tho ng ph ra sao? Tp th hai mi su: C VOI I TIN Sau trn chin Xch Bch, To Tho cn tin hnh ba cuc chin tranh na: ph M, Hn, nh Tn Quyn, tn cng Trng L. Tin hnh ba cuc chin tranh trong vng mt nm. Thm ch To Tho cn bng lng gia ng phi b tr v Nghip Thnh. V sao h To phi lm nh vy? Ln no To Tho cng vi vng quay li, c vic g? Vic g khin To Tho phi lo ngi? Tp trc chng ta bit Php Chnh ni, To Tho va ra qun bnh nh Hn Trung, Trng L u hng, nhng li khng tin tip ly Ba, Thc, m v ngay min Bc th nht nh v trong c iu phi lo ngh. iu l ng. Hu phng ln ca h To rt khng yn n. y l im khc bit gia To Tho v Tn Quyn, Lu B. Tn Quyn trong tnh trng tt nht. Ngi trong chnh quyn ng Ng u l ngi ca Tn Quyn. Khng l cc lo thn Tn Kin, Tn Sch lu li nh Trnh Ph, Hong Ci, Trng Chiu, Chu Du th l ngi do mnh pht hin, bi dng, ct nhc nh L Tc, Cam Ninh, L Mng, Lc Tn. Tnh hnh bn Lu B phc tp hn mt cht. Sau khi ly c ch chu, chnh quyn Thc Hn do ba b phn hp thnh. Mt b phn Lu B mang t Kinh chu ti, c Gia Ct Lng, c c Quan V, Trng Phi - nhng ngi vo sinh ra t cng Lu B ginh thin h, tm gi l tp on Kinh chu. Mt b phn do Lu Yn vo Xuyn mang ti, tm gi l tp on ng Chu. Cn mt b phn ngay trn t ny, tm gi l tp on ch chu. Gia ba tp on ny c mu thun. V sau mu thun ny l mt trong s nguyn nhn khin chnh quyn Thc Hn dit vong. C iu trc lc Lu B vo Thc cha c mu thun ny. Sau khi vo Thc, mu thun cng cha mc gay gt khin Lu B phi lo lng.

14

To Tho th khc. To Tho khng phi l ngi t lp nh Tn Quyn, Lu B, ch l ngi phng thin t lnh k cha thn phc hoc p thin t lnh ch hu. Nh vy hu phng ln ca To Tho cng lun lun l tin phng ln. Triu nh u khng phi l ngi ca h To. Ngc li, lun lun c ngi mit th, ghen ght, phn cm, th hn, theo di tng nh mt, tng ting ci ca To Tho. Trc trn chin Xch Bch lc lng ca h To ri rc khp ni, nh trn lun ginh thng li, nn phi phn i khng dm cng khai ph bng. Lc thi ca To Tho i vi hong vi trm quan tng i n ha, d tm cha r rng, s ngi bo v Hn tht cn ng h, cn hy vng nhiu To Tho. Sau trn chin Xch Bch th khc. Cng lao ca h To khng cn nhiu nh trc, d tm cng bc l r rng hn. Mi ngi cng cm thy bt mn. Trong triu, nh ch dn T tr thng gim ca H Tam Tnh ni: c ngi mun mn c bi trn Xch Bch lt To Tho, nhn m thay th (bi trn Xch Bch hy vng ca To Tho tn tht, ngi Trung Quc mun nhn m thay); mt khc, c ngi cnh gic v hoi nghi v lng trung v s gian tr ca To Tho. Trc y s ngi ny khng nhiu, khng cng khai. Sau trn chin Xch Bch th nhiu lm, u u cng c. To Tho thy r iu ny. V vy, sau trn chin Xch Bch trc lc nh M Siu, Hn Toi, vo thng mi hai Kin An nm th XV (Cng nguyn nm 210), h To cho ban b mt o gio lnh, tc l Nhng huyn t minh bn chi lnh cng gi l Thut ch lnh, chng ta ni r tp hai phn Cu gian hng. Cu chuyn bt ngun t vic Hn Hin gia tng t phong cho To Tho. Chng ta u bit, sau khi rc Hin v huyn Ha, To Tho c phong l V Bnh hu. V Bnh l mt huyn ln, thc vn h. Bi vy V Bnh hu l Huyn hu cng l Vn h hu. ng cp l rt cao, cao hn cha v ng nhng hai cp, phong tc ca To ng v To Tung l nh hu (Ph nh hu), trn nh hu l Hng hu, trn Hng hu l Huyn hu. Kin An nm u (Cng nguyn nm 196), Vin Thut, Vin Thiu, L B, Lu Biu vn nguyn, To Tho l Huyn hu, a v cao sang. Thong ci mi lm nm tri qua, lc ny To Tho khng tha mn vi chc v Vn h hu. Nhng Huyn hu l cp bc cao nht, nu phong na s l tc cng, tc vng. iu l khng th hoc tm thi l khng c. Th l hong b nhn lin tng thm t phong cho h To, phong tng thm ba huyn hai vn h Gip H (nay l huyn Thi Khang, H Nam), Th (nay l huyn Th Thnh, H Nam), H (pha ng huyn Lc p, H Nam). To Tho ban b Nhng huyn t minh bn ch lnh c t chi t phong ba huyn hai vn h. y l mn kch To Tho t bin t din v cng l mnh khe thng dng hng tng thm danh vng. S vic thc n gin, nu khng phi l din kch lm tr, th l nhng thc. Nhng thc t th th no? Theo ch dn Ngy th ca Bi Tng

15

Chi trong Tam quc ch - V k, ba huyn hai vn h phong tng To Tho c thu hi, nhng my hm sau ba ngi con ca To Tho li c phong hu. To Thc l Bnh Nguyn hu, To C l Phm Dng hu, To Bo l Nhiu Dng hu, thc p nm ngn h. Bnh Nguyn thuc qun Bnh Nguyn, Thanh chu, Phm Dng thuc qun Trc, U chu, Nhiu Dng thuc An Bnh quc, K chu. B ngoi th To Tho t i nm ngn h, i li l ba huyn hu, mi ngi mt chu. t phong u l t chin lc quan trng. Ni xem, nh vy l To Tho l hay li? Hn na, nu qu mc ch ca To Tho thc l nhng phong, hoc l nhng phong th nn c biu chng dng ln hong . Nhng y To Tho ch ban b gio lnh cho qun thn. Nh vy l nhn xung, khng phi tu ln. R rng l h To mun nhn ni ra nhng iu mun ni, chng khc g ngy nay mt nhn vt trong cng chng to ra mt s kin d b m hi ngh ban b tin mi. V im ny, To Tho khng h king k. Trong Nhng huyn t minh bn chi lnh ni rt r, ban b gio lnh phi phn i trong v ngoi triu nh khng cn g ni na (mun mi ngi ht ni). y l li ni qu tht. Ngoi ra trong lnh cn ni, tuyt khng c nhng v, nhng quyn.... cng u l li thc. Bi vy, cng khng th ni l h To din kch, lm tr. V To Tho nhng huyn khng phi bn ch nn mt s hc gi ni: Nhng huyn t minh bn chi lnh khng phi l li thc. Nh vy, khng khi c phn my mc. Nn nh rng To Tho vn lun mun thng qua vic g nhm t ti mc ch ca mnh nn vic g phi ni l thc hay gi! Thc t th vic nhng huyn l gi, nhng li ni khi nhng huyn li l tht, kch tht lm gi, na gi na tht, ly gi lon tht, u l im mnh ca To Tho. Vy To Tho c bt c ming mi ngi khng? Khng, khng bt ni. Thc t th sau khi ban b lnh, li phn i khng t i m nhiu hn; khng nh i m to hn. My li bn tn lm To Tho hiu c rng, d lun c nhin l quan trng, quyn lc cn quan trng hn; bt mc c nhin l quan trng, sng ng cn quan trng hn; mun bt ming mi ngi trong thin h, chi bng c tm ly u ca h. V vy, ng thi vi vic li dng, thm ch tm c hi to nn d lun, To Tho cn tm cch khng ch hoc cp ly quyn lc. Mun cp ly hoc khng ch quyn lc, nht l quyn lc ti cao ca chnh ph trung ng th khng c ri xa trung tm chnh tr lu ngy. V vy tp trn ni, trong ba ln xut chinh , h To dng rt t thi gian, thm ch cha lp cng cng v, gia ng phi b. Thng by Kin An nm th XVI Ty chinh M Siu, Hn Toi, thng ging nm sau v Nghip Thnh, trc sau cha qu by thng; thng mi Kin An nm th XVII Nam chinh Tn Quyn, thng t nm sau v Nghip Thnh, trc sau khng qu by thng; thng ba Kin An nm th XX ra qun nh

16

Trng L, thng hai nm sau v Nghip Thnh, thi gian di hn mt cht, nhng cng khng qu mt nm. To Tho vi vi vng vng tr v Nghip Thnh khng phi v v con. Ci cha c c trn chin trng, To Tho mun ly n ni quan trng. Ty chinh M Siu, Hn Toi tr v, h To c Triu bi khng phi xng danh, vo triu khng phi ro bc, c th eo kim ln in, nh chuyn ca Tiu H; Nam chinh Tn Quyn tr v, h To c phong l Ngy cng, thm cu tch, kin x tc; nh Trng L xong, To Tho c t tc cng thnh Ngy vng. Gi l Triu bi khng phi xng danh, lc triu kin thin t, quan T nghi ch bo quan hm, khng bo tn. Gi l vo triu khng phi ro bc, lc vo triu kin thin t khng phi bc ngn, bc nhanh biu l s tn knh. Gi l eo kim ln in, lc triu kin thin t vn c eo kim, khng phi ci giy. Gi l nh chuyn ca Tiu H, c i ng nh Tiu H thi Lu Bang. Phong Ngy cng, tn Ngy vng, tc l t tc hu thng ln tc cng, ri li t tc cng thng ln tc vng. Trong ba s kin , s kin th nht l vo thi Kin An nm th XVII, s kin th hai vo thi Kin An nm th XVIII, s kin th ba vo thi Kin An nm th XXL. Gia nhng nm , thi Kin An nm th XIX cn c thin t coi Ngy cng cao hn cc ch hu vng khc, nm no cng c nhng iu mi, tng bc tng bc ln cao hn. Kin An nm th XXII (Cng nguyn nm 217), phn i ng v chnh tr ca To Tho ln ti nh im. Thng t, hong ph chun cho dng c qut nh thin t, vo ra xng cnh tt. Thng mi, c hng m nh mi hai vin ngc, ngi xe sn son dt vng, c su nga ko, bn cnh c xe sn khc mu. Cnh tt l ting h khi thin t ra vo. Ra h l cnh, vo xng l tt. M nh mi hai vin ngc l m ca thin t, theo ch thi ng Hn, m min hong nh mi hai vin ngc trng; tam cng ch hu by vin ngc xanh; khanh i phu nm vin ngc en. Hong chuyn ngi xe sn son dt vng. Xe c su nga ko cng l s i ng ca hong , ch hu ch c bn nga. Xe c mu khc l xe cng on vi xe ca hong , t bn pha xe c sn nm mu xanh, trng, hng, en, vng, C qut ca hong th khi phi ni. Sau khi c ban thng nh vy, v mt nghi l To Tho khng khc g hong . Hn na, vi s c chim i qun, To Tho l hong tuy cha xng hiu, cn ging hong hn c hong b nhn kia. Lc ny ai cng ngh rng To Tho s nh Hn ri t lp lm , nhng thc t th cha bao gi To Tho lm vic . Vy, v sao h To cha xng ? V iu ny, gii hc thut cn c kin khc nhau. Nhiu ngi cho rng, Tho tuy c , nhng do thc thi thy kh, nn dng li, chuyn nhim v nh Hn t lp sang cho con trai, chng c nh li ch dn Ngy lc v Ngy th Xun Thu ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - V k. Theo hai cun sch trn, sau khi Tho tr

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thnh hong cha c danh hiu, ting h nh Hn t lp bt u bng n. Kin An nm th XXIV (Cng nguyn nm 219), Trn Qun, Hon Gii, H Hu n cm u mt on i biu ht li khuyn tin. Trn Qun, Hon Gii cho rng, triu Hn ch l hu danh v thc, tng tc t tng ngi dn di gm tri ny khng cn l ca Hn (tc t, ngi dn u khng cn), cn li ch l h danh (ch cn danh hiu), lt v thay th c g khng c? H Hu n ni: Th no l ch ca mun dn? L ngi m ai ny tin tng theo v bit tr hi cho dn. Xa nay u nh vy. in h l ngi , cn do d g na? Phi nhanh chng theo mnh tri, thun lng dn. To Tho tr li rng: Khng T tng ni: tng chnh tc l thi hnh chnh s (lm chnh s l theo chnh). Nu mnh tri oi ti, ta lm Chu Vn vng l tt ri (nu thin mnh ta, ta lm Chu Vn vng thi). Ai cng r, thin h chia ba Chu Vn vng c ti hai phn nhng vn phng s n Thng. Con trai l Chu V vng mi l ngi nh n Thng t lp. V vy nhiu ngi trong gii hc thut cho rng: To Tho c con l To Phi lm iu m mnh mun. Qu nhin, To Tho t th c chng my thng, To Phi bc Hn phi nhng ngi. Nhng ngi L T Min li khc, mt on ca Th Ngy V bin vu trong Tam Quc s thoi ca ngi L ph nhn cch ni To Tho c nh Hn t lp, cho rng h To khng h mun th, ch mun mnh nh Chu Vn vng Thy r rng h To khng chu lt Hn. Nhiu ngi trong gii hc thut cho To Tho c ngm To Phi lm vic th ngi L c li bnh: Chng nh khng phi l gic m. Ti rt knh phc ngi L T Min, trc y nhiu ln ti trch dn li ngi lm lun c. Nhng lc ny ti khng hiu my cu ni trn. Chng phi Chu V vng l con Chu Vn vng sao? Chng phi Chu V vng dit vng triu n Thng sao? Sao To Tho li v mnh vi Chu Vn, ch c th ng ta mun l T Hon, Tn Vn chng? Vy th, cui cng s vic l th no? Ti cho rng t y lng mnh To Tho c rt nhiu mu thun. Nu ni cha bao gi Tho c nh Hn t lp, e rng khng phi. Ni rng h To cha t cch, cha c iu kin, li cng khng phi. Nhng thc t th c i To Tho cha h lm vy. Nguyn nhn ch no? C tr ngi. Trong To Tho bnh truyn, ngi Trng Tc Diu tng kt ra bn iu, ti ni gn li thnh mi hai ch: khng thun li, mun bo n, kh m ming, chu thit thi. Ni c th hn: 1- Lc cn tr Tho lun ni: Vic ph lp trong thin h thc khc nhau. Lc ny, khi c tui c th vn cn quan nim . 2- To Tho i i chu n nh Hn, hn cn mun bo p. 3- To Tho lun th rng tuyt khng cp ngi nh Hn, lun khng th nut li. 4- Lu B, Tn Quyn lun coi To Tho l mt tm gng, l mt i th, va mng chi To Tho l gic Hn va tic sao To Tho khng sm xng . Theo li ch dn Ngy

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lc ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - V k, Kin An nm th XXIV (Cng nguyn nm 219), lc dng biu xng thn, Tn Quyn ni, thin mnh ch To Tho. To Tho rt tnh to v hiu rng, nu mnh xng , Lu B, Tn Quyn lp tc lm theo lun. V To m ny mc ti danh ot Hn. To Tho khng mun mnh b la. Hn na, tuy lc ny To Tho cha phi l hong , nhng l trung ng, Lu B, Tn Quyn ch l a phng. iu ny khng th khng tnh n. V vy, h To cm th ca Tn Quyn ni vi mi ngi: k tiu t ny mun nu lo phu trn bp (l con mun ta ln bp l nng)! T y mi c cu ni: nu thin mnh ta, ta ch mun lm Chu Vn vng. Cng tc l ni: nn chng dit Hn t lp, lp nn vng triu i Ngy, phi nghe tri v ty mnh na! Nhng phong cng, kin quc, xng vng, nhng vic ng lm th c, xa nay cha h c. y vic phong Ngy cng, thm cu tch, kin x tc l quan trng nht v l bc ngot. Phong cng v phong hu khc g nhau y? B ngoi ch l tc v cao hn mt bc, t tc hu thng ln tc cng, thc t khc bit nhau v cht. Phong hu, bt qu c thm mt mnh t, mt thc p, thm ch ch l vinh d (nh Quan Ni hu); phong cng, c th lp x tc v tng miu x tc tc l x thn v tc thn, cng tc l th thn v cc thn. Bch H Thng - X Tc ni: ngi lp th ngi n go. C t ai, c ng cc l c quyn thng tr. V vy Trung Quc xa, ngi thng tr t nc nht nh lp x t th thn, lp tc t cc thn, cn gi l x tc, tc l x n v tc n. Tng miu l ni cng t lit t lit tng. Nguyn th t nc Trung Quc xa (thin t hoc ch hu, hong hoc quc qun) u l th tp. Xy dng tng miu l biu th ngun gc thng tr ca cng tc, vng tc hoc hong tc no v mong mun c ko di mi mi. Tng miu v x tc c xy dng hai bn pha trc cung in. Bn tri l tng miu, bn phi l x tc tri t phi x. Trung Quc xa, nguyn th mt t nc c lp c ch quyn mi c i ng nh vy. ng thi nhng ci cn tng trng cho ch quyn c lp mt t nc. V vy trong nhng cuc chin tranh thn tnh nc khc thi c Trung Quc, mt khi tiu dit c nc , sau khi chim c kinh , nht nh phi hy dit tng miu v x tc, gi l hy miu dit quc. Ngc li khi thnh lp mt nh nc mi th nht nh phi xy dng tng miu, x tc lun, gi l xy miu dng quc. Thi u nh Ty Hn, cc ch hu vng mi c lm nh vy, hu khng c lm. Tc l, phong hu l ban tc, phong cng l dng nc. To Tho c phong hu l ban tc, phong cng l dng nc. To Tho c phong Ngy cng, vn bn quy nh theo ch ca ch hu vng thi u Hn, tc l To Tho c quyn xy dng mt cng quc ti Ngy qun. y l s kin kinh thin ng a, tn nhiu cng sc chun b, khng phi lc no cng thun li. Theo Tam quc ch - ng Chiu truyn, chnh ng Chiu nu

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vic ny ra. V con ngi ng Chiu, chng ta ni tp Mu su k xa. S nghip ca ng Chiu cha th hin l nhiu, nhng con ngi ny thng xut hin vo lc then cht. Kin An nm u, To Tho n Lc Dng yt kin hong ri rc thin t v Ha huyn, bin ni y thnh kinh th hai ca vng triu i Hn. ng Chiu gp nhiu cng sc. Ln ny Tho c sch phong Ngy cng, v sau tn tc Ngy vng, cng nh ng Chiu xng (l Chiu nu ra). Li kin ngh trn l ngh ca ng Chiu hay do To Tho gi ? Khng r v cng khng quan trng. V vic ny cng khng cn phi sng to nhiu, ch cn m phng theo ging chuyn ca ai l xong. V vy theo ti, c th ng Chiu hiu thu tm can ca h To, mi lm vy ly lng. Thc t th t lu c th To Tho ngh ti vic ny. Trc , To Tho chun b ba vic: 1- M rng t ai. Kin An nm th XVII (Cng nguyn nm 212), To Tho c c s i ng Triu kin khng phi xng tn, vo chu khng phi bc ro, c eo kim ln in, nh chuyn ca Tiu H, ng thi cn c thm mi lm ta thnh, t mi lm thnh gp i ln ba mi thnh. 2- c Bnh chu. Thng ging Kin An nm th XVIII (Cng nguyn nm 213), t mi bn chu c bin thnh chn chu. Hai chu Bnh, U v bn qun H ng, H Ni, Phng Dc, Ph Phong ca T chu, hp thnh ch chu do To Tho lm chu mc. 3- y l vic lm ng thi nhm to d lun. ng nhin vic ny h To khng cn ra mt, v cng khng cn thit, t nhin c ngi n gip , nh ng Chiu. t ra t Kin An nm th XVII (Cng nguyn nm 212) tc l sau khi To Tho c nh chuyn Tiu H, trc thng mi lc Nam chinh Tn Quyn, ng Chiu bt u du thuyt. Theo ch dn Hin Xun Thu ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - ng Chiu truyn v li ch dn Ngy th ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - V k, by gi ng Chiu tm To Tho, tm Tun c, cn tm nhiu ngi trong triu nh, cui cng hnh thnh ngh n v c thin t ph chun. Th l thng nm Kin An nm th XVIII (Cng nguyn nm 213), hong b nhn c Khanh s i phu Si L tuyn chiu sch phong To Tho l Ngy cng, ban thng o mo, ht sc u i. To Tho tr thnh Ngy cng, c nhn chc tha tng theo l v vn kim chc ch chu mc. Theo ch cc ch hu vng thi u Hn, Tho c xy dng Ngy quc mi. y mi l th To Tho cn. Bi thc quyn, thc li ca To Tho khng h t i cht no, nhng danh d v a v cao hn rt nhiu. To Tho vn ch trng khng m h danh chuc ha thc. Nhng nu danh li u c, thc quyn thc li khng nh, sao li khng nhn? Hn na hm Ngy cng khng phi h danh, m c nhiu quyn li. V vy To Tho trong lng hn rt mng nhng b ngoi vn khim nhng, trc sau nhng ti ba ln. Th l, Chung Do, Mao Gii, Trnh Dc, Gi H,

20

ng Chiu c thy hn ba mi ngi do Trung qun s Tun Du cm u lin danh dng th khuyn can. To Tho ni: phong tc cng, thm cu tch (ban thng chn loi c bit) ch c Chu cng mi c hng! Sao ti dm nhn?. S ngi kia ni: ng nhn, ng nhn! Cng lao ca minh cng cn nhiu hn Chu cng. Theo giy t ghi chp li th cha c ai cng lao ln hn minh cng. To Tho vn cn mun nhng, ch nhn t phong khng nhn tc v. Nhng ngi kia li ni: nh vy l minh cng khng tn trng hong thng, khng n mt chng ti (hay do Hn triu ban thng cha xng, khin li cu xin ca bn Du khng c nhn). Ni n vy, To Tho mi nh phi nhn l Ngy cng. Lc ny nhn li mi thy v din ca To Tho rt d, khin ngi ta kh chu v cng khng hp vi tnh cch ca chnh To Tho. Nhng cn cch no khc, v n thnh quy ch, thnh thng l, mt bc khng th khng lm. Nu khng gi v nhng i nhng li nh vy th hn l ng ta b chi l k mt dy v s. Hn na To Tho cn phi ng ph vi p lc ca d lun. Vic phong cng kin quc thi cn l vic ng tri, ti k, chc g mi ngi tn thnh. iu khin To Tho cng phi thn trng, thm ch phi din kch, lm tr. Trn thc t phi phn i cn rt nhiu. C mt ngi m To Tho tn nhim, xem trng, cng t phn i. Trong nhng nm thng trc y, ngi ny thng ng h, gip To Tho trong nhng lc kh khn th lc ny ang ht bi phn li. To Tho cm thy xt xa v khng ngh ti. Vy ngi l ai? l Tun c. Trong trn doanh ca To Tho, Tun c l nhn vt nng k tuyt i. To Tho coi Tun c chng khc g Trng Lng. Nm hai mi chn tui Tun c chy sang bn To, To Tho ni: i T Phng ca ta. Nhng nm thng sau , Tun c by mu tnh k, thm ch vo sinh ra t, khng ph lng tin cy ca h To. Theo V k, Trnh Dc truyn, v Tun c truyn trong Tam quc ch vo ma h Hng Bnh nm u (Cng nguyn nm 194), Duyn chu mc To Tho thng lnh ton b binh lc i nh o Khim, li Tun c, Trnh Dc gi Quyn Thnh (nay l pha bc huyn Quyn Thnh, Sn ng). Lc , hai ngi bn c ca To Tho, Trng Mc, Trn Cung tr mt, lin hp vi L B nh Duyn chu. Khp ni trong thnh treo c hng. Cn ba ni cha hng l Quyn Thnh, Phm huyn (Phm huyn, H Nam ngy nay) v ng A (huyn Dng Cc, Sn ng ngy nay). Nu khng gi c ba ta thnh ny th To Tho s bin thnh ch nh c tang. Tun c bn vi Trnh Dc, ri hai ngi chia nhau i lo liu. Trc ht Trnh Dc lo n nh Phm huyn, sau mi cng To Chi i c th ng A. Tun c nhanh chng iu ng H Hu n thi th ng qun cng gi Quyn Thnh. H Hu n n Quyn Thnh lin git cht hn chc k phn lon trong mt bui ti, mi n nh c tnh hnh.

21

Lc ny, Th s D chu Quch Cng dn my vn qun n di thnh i gp Tun c. H Hu n ni, khng c! Cc h trn th mt chu, i l nguy him n tnh mng. Tun c bo, ng lo! Quch Cng lc thng cha h cu kt vi Trng Mc. Hn n gp th ny, hn l cha c ch g, nn ra khuyn gii hn. Nu khng tranh th c hn, cng c th hn th trung lp. Nu khng ra gp, hn cho chng ta khng tin tng, hn s t xu h thnh th hn. Th ri mt mnh Tun c ra gp. Quch Cng thy Tun c khng c v g l s st, cho rng Quyn Thnh khng d ph, bn cho lui qun. Quyn Thnh c bo ton. C ch ca Tun c cng ng ca ngi nh chuyn Quan V mt ao i d hi trong truyn thuyt. Trn thc t, trong tng thi khc mu cht To Tho tin hnh u tranh chnh tr hay qun s, chng ta u thy c tc dng quan trng ca Tun c. Ngay ngy u khi binh, ng Trc uy hip thin h, h To thiu lng tin, Tun c ni ng Trc: v nng, v lon m cht, vic xy ra vo nm th II S Bnh (Cng nguyn nm 191); thi k pht trin, ch hu ct c Trung Nguyn, To Tho i nc c c s h. Tun c ch ra m lut gip To hoch nh chin lc, vic ca nm u Hng Bnh (Cng nguyn nm 194); Kin An nm u (Cng nguyn nm 196), To Tho mun n thin t, ch tng phn vn, Tun c a ra ba cng lnh ln v chnh tr, gip Tho Phng thin t lnh k cha thn phc; Kin An nm th II (Cng nguyn nm 197), To Tho mun nh Vin Thiu, tic l lc bt tng tm, Tun c phn tch bn nguyn nhn ln dn ti thng li, khch l ch h To. Thm ch tn nm Kin An nm th XIIV (Cng nguyn nm 208) vn Tun c l ngi gip To Tho vch chin lc Nam chinh Lu Biu. Nhng trong lc To Tho ang bng bng kh th nhn phong cng kin quc, Tun c di mt go nc lnh. Lc ng Chiu n trng cu kin ring, Tun c ni, To cng em ngha qun tr bo lon, bnh thin h ph tr triu nh, n nh t nc (gip triu yn nc). Tho cn gi s trung thnh (trung trinh, thnh ), phi kin tr khim nhng (thc bng nhng lui). Qun t yu ngi bng c!. Nu qu cc v yu To cng, nn gip ng ta gi c nhng iu tt p . Khng th cng thnh m thn bi, ch t cng ng c voi i tin, sau chuyn nh Tiu H li chuyn nh Chu cng. Vy nn chuyn ny e khng thch hp (khng nn nh vy). Thc k l! Tun c chng phi Trng Lng ca To Tho sao? Sao Tun c li ht iu phn? Sau khi Tun c lm nh vy th kt qu s ra sao? Tp th hai mi by: TIN THOI HT CH TA V mt chnh tr, To Tho ang tng bc dn ti ch, th Tun c - ngi bn thn thit nht li ht iu phn v qua i rt thn b! S vic ny xn xao mt thi,

22

khp ni bn tn. Li ghi trong chnh s li m h, cu chuyn ngy mt kh hiu hn. Vy ng sau s kin ny ang n giu iu g? V sao Tun c li quyt lit vi To Tho nh vy? iu lin quan g ti vic To Tho c phong cng kin quc hay c n g? Tp trc chng ta ni, ng Chiu v nhng ngi khc ang to d lun gia triu nh, ch trng To Tho c tin tc quc cng. ng Chiu n gp ring Tun c xin kin, kt qu gp phi inh. Thc tnh th ngh ca bn ng Chiu rt r rng, khng ch mong c Tun c gip , cn mong c Tun c ng ra lo liu. V Tun c xut thn danh mn ng Hn, ting tm v nh hng rt ln. Hn na, t Kin An nm u, sau khi h To rc thin t v Ha huyn, Tun c lun l Thng th lnh (trc l tm sau l thc) v lun l quan to trong triu. Thng th lnh tc l b th trng ni cung nh. ng Hn chnh quy thng th, thng th lnh l nhn vt u no trng coi vic triu chnh, tuy khng phi chc tha tng nhng ging nh tha tng. ng nhin, triu nh ca Hn Hin b To Tho khng ch. Kin An nm th XIII bn thn To Tho khi phc li chc v tha tng v t mnh m nhim, nhng khng th ni Tun c l tha tng khng chc tha tng. By gi To Tho lun lun em qun ra ngoi nh trn, khi hi qun li lun Nghip Thnh. Triu chnh hng ngy thng giao Tun c. Tun c gip To lo toan triu chnh, coi gi hong . Ci gi l C trung c trng c ngha nh th ny (c trung, l lm quan trong triu; c trng, tc l chc v tha tng). Tun c khng ch gip To trng nh coi ca, m cn gip tm mu nh k. Mi khi ra ngoi chinh chin c vn , h To thng c th v hi Tun c. Tun c cng lun c bin php, quyt sch gip . Tun c c vai tr chng khc g Quch Gia, Gi H theo qun ra trn. Cng tc l ni, vi To Tho, Tun c ging nh Tiu H v Trng Lng. So vi ng Chiu trong vic ngh n phong cng kin quc th Tun c r rng l thch hp hn nhiu v quan trng hn nhiu. Nhng Tun c phn i. Xt v ng kh cu ni qun t yu ngi bng c, nh vy khng tin, l cu m Tun c mun ni vi bn ng Chiu. Nhng bng vo s thng minh hiu bit, hn Tun c bit r vic phong cng kin quc b ngoi l kin ngh ca ng Chiu nhng thc cht l mun ca To Tho. Vic b mt hi ring ca bn ng Chiu, thc cht l s thm d gip To Tho. V vy li ni ca Tun c l li ni To Tho nghe. Nhng lui li mt ng rt, Tun c v nh khng bit l ca To Tho, mong To Tho nghe ra m xung nga, ngn hnh ng ca bn Trng Chiu. Nhng To Tho vn c quyt tm, u cn chu nghe! Kt qu khng nhng v cng tht vng, m cn sinh bc dc, cch ni trong Tun c truyn l Thi t trong lng v cng bc dc.

23

To Tho rt tc gin, hu qu tht nghim trng. ng lc ny li phi Nam chinh Tn Quyn, To Tho dng biu ln triu Tun c lnh qun huyn Tiu (nay l th trn Ho Xuyn, An Huy), vi chc v l Th trung kim Quang Lc i phu tham tha tng qun s, nhng thc t l ph b chc Thng th lnh ca Tun c! Tun c theo qun n Th Xun (nay l huyn Th, An Huy) th ng bnh. Sau khng lu qua i rt kh hiu tui nm mi. Qua ci cht ca Tun c c hai cch ni. 1- Bun ru m cht. 2- B bc phi t st. Cch ni th nht nh truyn Tun c trong Tam quc ch, Bun dn n cht. Cch ni sau nh trch dn Ngy th Xun Thu ca Bi Tng Chi, ni To Tho gi cho Tun c mt hp thc n. Tun c m hp thy khng c g nn ung thuc c, t st. Chuyn ny xn xao mt thi, khp ni bn tn. Li trch dn Hin Xun Thu ca Bi Tng Chi ni, sau khi Tun c cht, c ngi thot khi Th Xun n bo vi Tn Quyn rng: To Tho mun Tun c mu st Phc hong hu. Tun c khng chu nn t st. ng nhin l li n. Nhng chng ta cng rt mun bit cui cng v sao Tun c cht? V sao v sau To Tho v Tun c li n on y? ng sau cu chuyn kn nh bng ca cc s gia n giu iu g? Hy ni chuyn Hin Xun Thu trc. Chuyn k, Kin An nm th V (Cng nguyn nm 200), Xa K tng qun ng Tha b git v giu chiu trong ai o, Phc hong hu vit th cho cha l Phc Hon n K hiu y, ni To Tho git ng Tha, hong thng v cng phn n. Phc Hon nhn th v a cho Tun c xem, Tun c xem xong thy bc dc nhng khng ni cu no. V sau bc th li ri vo tay To Tho, nghe u ngi cu ca Phc Hon l Phn Ph nim phong th v gi cho To Tho. Tun c ly lm lo ngi, t huyn Ha chy thng v Nghip Thnh, kin ngh vi To Tho vic g con cho hong . To Tho ni, trong cung c hong hu ri! Sao li c th g con gi cho hong thng? Hn na, To Tho da vo chin cng ln lm tha tng, chng nh li mun da vo quan h chic ai qun sao? Tun c ni, Phc hong hu khng c con trai, bn tnh hung tn, tm a c c. Trong th gi cho Phc Hon li l kh nghe, cng kch tha tng c c, c th ph b hong hu! Tho hi c chuyn ? V sao tc h khng ni sm? Tun c lm b kinh ngc, ni ri m! To Tho ni, vic ln nh vy, ta qun sao c? Tun c li kinh ngc, c th l cha ni chng? , , nh ra ri! Chng phi lc minh cng cn tc chin vi Vin Thiu Quan sao? c khng mun thm phn lo ngh cho minh cng nn cha ni. To Tho li hi, vy sau trn chin Quan sao khng ni? Tun c yn lng v nh phi nhn ti v sai lm. Kt qu Thi t hn c.

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Chuyn ny khng ng. Bi Tng Chi ni: i vi ngi thng cng khng nh vy, hung chi y l Tun c. Hn na n giu chiu trong ai o ca ng Tha xy ra thng ging Kin An nm th V, thng mi mt Kin An nm th XIX, Phc hong hu b git. Hai s kin cch nhau mi lm nm, lm sao c th giu th lu nh vy? Cui Kin An nm th XVII Tun c mt, vy ng ta n ni chuyn vi To Tho vo lc no? Chm nht cng l thng mi nm , trc lc To Tho Nam chinh nh Tn Quyn. Vy th v sao phi hai nm sau To Tho mi git Phc hong hu? K thc, khng ch chuyn Tun c l gi m ngay c n giu chiu trong ai o ca ng Tha v n l th ca Phc hong hu u ng nghi ng. Trong tp M xanh ung ru, ti ni v nghi n giu chiu trong ai o. Trong Tam Quc s thoi, ngi L T Min cng phn tch v nghi n Phc hong hu. lm r cu chuyn, chng ta cn phi nhc ti n mt ln na. Theo Tam quc ch - V k, thng mi mt Kin An nm th XIX (Cng nguyn nm 214) c n mi bn nm trc Phc hong hu c th cho cha l Phc Hon n K hiu y, hong hu b ph, b x ti cht, anh em u b git sch. S vic xy ra nh th no c m t tng i r trong li ch dn To Man truyn ca Bi Tng Chi. To Man truyn ni: by gi To Tho phi Hoa Hm - ngi m nhim chc Thng th lnh thay Tun c em qun i bt hong hu, hong hu ng ca trn sau tng. Hoa Hm ph ca, lm sp tng, li hong hu ra ngoi! Lc ny hong ang ngi cng Ng s i phu Si L, hong hu i chn khng, tc tai ri bi, ko tay hong ni, khng th cu c thip sao? Hong ni, trm cng cha bit tnh mng ca trm s kt thc lc no, cn quay sang ni vi Si L, Si cng di gm tri ny c chuyn th sao? Si L ni g khng thy ghi li, chng cng ch l con ri g chng? Cu chuyn c ghi vo Hu Hn th - Phc hong hu k v thng c dn li chng minh To Tho tc lon phm thng, Hoa Hm hung hng nh h, Si L chng cn tm trng no. Nhng ngi L T Min li ch ra rng bit ngay l li ph ha. c bit ngi L bo rng: ng tng chuyn ny l thc v c ghi trong Hu Hn th. Ni th l ng, c nhiu ch trong Hu Hn th cn thiu cn c! Hung h nhng iu ghi trong Hu Hn th li c ly t nguyn bn To Man truyn - mt cun sch khng ng tin. ng nhin, vic Phc hong hu b ph, b git l c tht. C iu khi u cu chuyn ra sao th cha r. ngi L, nht nh chuyn ny c nguyn nhn khc. Ngi L ni: mi khi c ngi lm vic ln th lun c ngi ni tt c ngi ni xu, khng th ai ai cng ni tt. V vy ngi lm vic ln thng khng k g n ting khen li ch. Hung h To Tho l ngi t ti li ni ny li ni n ca ngi khc. Nu v ngi khc c th nhc m l phi git th khng bit To Tho phi git n bao

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nhiu ngi? V vy, vic ny cn c m mu v chnh tr, c iu chn tng th no khng c lu li. Li ngi L rt c l. Ti cng thy, ng sau s vic ny khng ch c nguyn nhn khc, m c th l mt m mu ty tri, nu khng, sao c th ng ti hong hu. Ai cng bit, hong hu Trung cung, l mu nghi thin h, c th ty tin ph b c sao? Cng khng th t git cht. Cn nh cn ph cn git l thuc quyn lc ca hong , l no tha tng li ng ra lm vic ? V hong hu khng h c ti, hong hu ch thut li my li ca hong . Hong ni my cu khng hay v tha tng, tha tng thay hong x l hong hu, lm g c ci l ? c ngi ni: iu chng t rng Hin l b nhn v nng, To Tho qu cn r. Ni nh vy tng l ng nhng khng phi. Hin v nng khng gi, To Tho cn r l tht, nhng khi ca cn kn th cn gi c s din. Kin An nm th XIX, quan h gia To Tho v hong ng l rt mong manh, nhng cha n on cng khai tr mt. Thng ba nm , hong va phong To Tho tc v trn cc ch hu vng; v sau hong b nhn vn cn tc dng, lm sao To Tho c th qun b dng gi nhn gi ngha ca mnh? Ni g th ni, bao bin thay hong ph hong hu l lm mt s din ca hong , ai cng thy nh vy l p ngi thm t. To Tho khng th khng bit lm vy l rt nguy him. Bi vy ch cn mt kh nng, ng sau vic l mt m mu ty tri. m mu nhm vo To Tho, hong hu b cun vo trong, hoc phi mn ci u ca hong hu mi xong. Chnh v m mu qu ln, thm ch bn thn hong cng dnh vo, nn hong mi nhn nhn ngi nhn To Tho honh hnh bo ngc. Cng chnh v m mu qu ln, khng ai dm ni thng ra, nh phi p ng tm c khc hng lp lim. Ti cn ngh rng hong hu khng h vit th, chnh To Tho lm gi bc th hm hi hong hu. Kin An nm th XIV, Phc Hon qua i, tic l khng cn ai i chng. Bn thn hong nhu nhc, khng dm ni ra s tht, ging mt ngi nhn Phc hong hu bin thnh oan hn. Thng thay ngi con gai yu ui, thnh vt hi sinh trong cuc u tranh chnh tr, lm con d chu ti thay cho nhng ngi n ng xu xa. ng nhin, trn lp trng ca To Tho th gi l m mu. Vi lp trng khc, phi ni y l s phn khng. Cng c th ni, bi cnh ca s vic rt c th l s phn khng v b ca Hin hong . Chnh v th To Tho phi dng th on bo ngc nhm h uy th ca hong , ging nh nm no phi phng mnh git ch ca Kin Thc. Kt qu vic git g l t kh khng dm ni nng ba bi, cui cng nh phi ngoan ngon nhng hong v, i ly thy l ch Hin. Nhn tin ni thm, Hin c ngha l ngoan ngon thc thi.

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C iu, cch ni trong Hin Xun Thu tuy l hoang ng, nhng ni Tun c khng mun mu st hong hu l ph hp vi con ngi ng ta. Tun c lun chnh phi, thng thn, ngi ngi u hi lng. Li ch dn Tun c bit truyn ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch ni: Tun c c hnh y , chm lo chnh o, ni ting thin h, l anh ti tun kit ca t nc khng ch ti v ngoi, T M , Chung Do v nhng ngi khc u tn sng. Bi Tng Chi ch dn in lc ni: Tun c Nhn mnh trng k s, ch ngi khng tri nhiu chiu, trong i cc, khng t tin theo mun ring. Tun c c ngi anh em h, nng lc km ci nn mi khng c dng. Th ri c ngi ni vi Tun c, cc h quan ti thng th lnh, chng nh khng th cho anh ta chc ngh lang (iu nghin vin)? Tun c ci ni: chc ngh lang khng phi l khng sp xp c, nhng chc trch thng th lnh l tuyn chn nhn ti cho triu nh, cn phi chn ngi hin c, ti gii. Nu c lm theo tc h th mi ngi s nhn ti ra sao y? T cho thy khng bao gi Tun c tham gia vo nhng vic nh mu st hong hu, To Tho cng khng ng ta i lm vic . lm nhng vic khng chnh ng , To Tho thiu g ngi, cn g phi da vo th ca Tun c? V Tun c li l ngi khng mun th! ng nhin, chng ta cng cha bit Tun c c tn thnh vic To Tho bi tr ngi khc hay khng, s sch khng ghi chp iu ny, c th khng n on nh vy. C iu Tun c khng h ngh rng (ngay c To Tho cng khng ngh ti) ngy no mnh s tr thnh ngi khc cnh tr thnh i tng bi tr ca To Tho. Vy th v sao quan h gia Tun c v To Tho li v, cui cng Tun c mc ti g vi To Tho? V chnh kin hai ngi khc nhau. Thc ra t lu hai ngi khc nhau v chnh kin. Kin An nm th IX (Cng nguyn nm 204), To Tho nh ph Nghip Thnh, lm K chu mc, c K chu vn thuc Vin Thiu, nay mang h To. By gi c ngi kin ngh, nn phc hi ch chn chu lc trc, nh vy a bn K chu s rt ln. Theo ch chn chu thi c i hai chu Bnh, U, bn qun H Ni, H ng, Bng Dc, Ph Phong ca T chu u thuc v K chu. Nghe xong To Tho thy xc ng, cn Tun c th phn i. Tun c cho rng lm vy s bt li cho To Tho nn mi khng bng lng. Theo Tam quc ch, lc Tun c ni: trc y minh cng ph Vin Thng, bt Thm Phi, lm chn ng trong nc. Nu nay li gp t ai ngi khc vo K chu th buc h phi ngh h s khng gi c t ai, c qun lnh, nht nh minh cng s dn dn thanh ton h (tr dn tng ngi mt), t h s quyt liu mnh chng li, minh cng s kh m ly c thin h. To Tho nghe c l, nn qun lun chuyn .

27

C iu trong li ni ca Tun c cn c khc na, l ch trng khi phc li kinh c. Vi ch trng , To Tho khng tn thnh, khng phn i v by gi cng cha c iu kin thc hin. Nhng n lc c iu kin thc hin th To Tho khng ch khng lm, ngc li tin hnh k hoch gp chu, qun. Thng ging nm Kin An th XVIII (Cng nguyn nm 213), gp mi bn chu thnh chn chu. T chu (T L) b chia lm ba: H ng, H Ni, Phng Dc, Ph Phong quy v K chu; Hong Nng, H Nam quy v D chu; Kinh Triu quy v Ung chu. Chng ta u bit, kinh ca vng triu i Hn vn T chu, Trng An v Lc Dng cng y. Trng An thuc Kinh Triu, Lc Dng thuc H Nam. To Tho chia ba T chu, cng tc l xa s chu s mt ca thin h, hy dit kinh ca vng triu i Hn. iu ny l khc hn vi l tng ban u ca Tun c. ng nhin, khi To Tho hp chu th Tun c qua i. Vn l, To Tho hp chu khi Tun c mt, nhng iu ny c p t trc . Hn na vic hp chu cn lin quan ti vic To Tho c phong cng kin quc. Trn thc t, To Tho em bn qun ca T chu v U chu, Tinh chu gp vo K chu ri trn c s xy dng mt vng quc (cng quc) i ch vi vng triu i Hn. iu l mt tr ci, ch ra rng, quan h gia To Tho v Hin thay i v c bn. Trc , To Tho l tha tng vng triu ng Hn, K chu v Ngy qun l chu qun ca vng triu ng Hn. To Tho, Hin c quan h qun thn; K chu v triu nh c quan h trung ng v a phng. Nhng sau khi To Tho c phong cng kin quc th K chu bin thnh Ngy cng quc, To Tho tr thnh Ngy quc cng. Quan h gia Ngy quc v Hn triu l quan h gia quc gia v quc gia; quan h gia Ngy cng v Hin bin thnh quan h gia quc cng v hong . Nhng lc ny Ngy quc cng cha hon ton l quc gia c lp. v danh ngha Tho vn l thn t ca vng triu ng Hn, Hn Hin vn cn l qun ch ca h To. C iu mi ngi u hiu, lc ny Hn triu khng cn mt tc t no, lc ny hong khng cn mt cht quyn uy no. Ci c th c c ch l mt b mt, mt danh phn. Nu nh lc ny n danh phn cng bin i th ci gi l Vng triu ng Hn s vua khng ra vua, ti khng ra ti. Tun c hon ton khng mun thy iu . Mi ngi lun coi Tun c l mu s hng u ca To Tho. Nhn vo tc dng ca Tun c th iu khng c sai lm g ln. Nhng chng ta phi hiu rng, con ngi Tun c khng th coi l mu s n thun. Ni chung mu s l ngi by mu tnh k cho vua, gip vua thc hin mc tiu, l tng. Cn mc tiu, l tng l g, mu s khng quan tm. Tht ging nh mt lut s, lo gip ng s ca mnh thng trong v kin. Cn vic ca ng s lm ng hay sai, h khng mun bit. l quy tc ngh nghip, o c ngh nghip ni chung ca mu s v lut s. Cng tc l ni theo o c ngh nghip v quy tc chi, ni chung mu s u ly l tng ca vua lm l tng, ly mc

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tiu ca vua lm mc tiu, cng ging lut s, ly li ch ca ng s l li ch, cn ng s lm ng sai, iu chng c g l sai tri. Nhng, trong mu s v lut s cng c mt loi ngi c l tng, ch trng v ng li ring ca mnh. Nu ch trng ca ng s xung t vi l tng ca h hoc ph v ng li ca h, dt khot h s khng nhn n . Trong c nhng ngi t yu cu rt cao, h s chn vua, chn ng s, nh Gia Ct Lng. Gia Ct Lng chn Lu B, ngoi mt s nguyn nhn ti ni tp Mt tinh thy, vn cn mt nguyn nhn quan trng, l l tng chnh tr, ch trng chnh tr ging vi ng. Tun c l ngi nh vy. Thc ra trong tp on ca To Tho ch c Tun c mi l nhn vt c th cng bnh lun vi Gia Ct Lng. c im chung ca h, c l tng chnh tr, ch trng chnh tr ca ring mnh. Trong tp Long trung i sch chng ti ni, l tng chnh tr, ch trng chnh tr ca Gia Ct Lng lo thnh b nghip hng Hn tht, trc chia ba sau thng nht; Kin An nm u (Cng nguyn nm 196), lc To Tho chun b nghnh n thin t, ch trng chnh tr ca Tun c tp trung th hin r, xut ba cng lnh ln vi To Tho: Tn th thin t thun theo dn (th cha thng dn nhn vo), ch cng v t, hng phc cng ho (ly ch cng, phc hng kit), ly chnh ngha chiu m anh hng (nh trng ngha, c anh ti). Ba cng lnh ln Tun c gi l i thun, i lc, i c. Nhng iu cha phi sch lc, cng khng phi mu lc m l l tng, cng lnh. Ht nhn ca cng lnh , c Tun c gi l ci n gi gc. Gc g? Gc nc. Gc nc u? ni hong . R rng l tng ca Tun c l ph t anh hng thi lon, bnh nh thin h, tr gip nh Hn. Theo Tun c, Tho l mt anh hng nh vy. Bi v To Tho khng ch c nng lc , quan trng hn. Tho c tm t . Chng ta u bit, lc ng Trc lm lon vo nm cui ng Hn, To Tho l ngi u tin ku gi ngha qun; lc lin qun cn chn ch Quan ng, To Tho ra sc git gic; lc Vin Thiu, Vin Thut, L B, Lu Biu mc s sng cht ca hong . To Tho li ngh mi cch tm kim hong , nghnh n hong . V vy Tun c ni vi hong , r rng l lng d tng qun lc no cng ngh n vng tht (lng lun vng tht) nguyn vng ca ngi l mun n nh thin h (ch hng tng qun l v yn thin h)! y khng phi l li tng bc, l thc s cu th, Tun c thnh thc ca ngi To Tho v cng l nguyn vng su sc k vng To Tho. Nhng To Tho lm Tun c tht vng. y phi ni ti mt qu trnh di. Nm S Bnh th II (Cng nguyn nm nm 191), lc Tun c n vi To Tho, To Tho mi ba mi by tui, l Thi th ng qun, l tng yu nc, y nhit huyt. Kin An nm u (Cng nguyn nm 196), lc Tun c ch trng nghnh n thin t, To Tho mi bn mi hai tui, l Duyn

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chu mc, l ch hu gn b vi vng tht. K l mi hai nm Nam chinh Bc chin, nh Vin Thut, git L B, dit Vin Thiu, gi hng Trng T, bnh nh phng bc. Tun c cng thy l nn v phi lm nh vy, nn ht sc gip . Kin An nm th XIII (Cng nguyn nm 208), To Tho nm mi t tui l T Khng, K chu mc, b tam cng nhn chc tha tng, nm trn quyn ln, Tun c coi l hp tnh, hp l, nn vn by mu tnh k gip To Tho Nam chinh Lu Biu. Thm ch thng ging nm Kin An th XVII (Cng nguyn nm 212), Tha tng To Tho nm mi tm tui cn mnh c ln triu khng phi xng danh, vo triu khng bc ro, eo kim ln in, nh chuyn Tiu H. rng lc ny Tun c vn cn hi lng, cui cng th Tiu H vn l ngi trung vi Lu Bang. Nhng lc To Tho ngm hoc ngm bo bn ng Chiu lo vic phong cng kin quc th Tun c khng ng tnh na. Mt ngi nhy bn v chnh tr nh Tun c nhn ra tnh nghim trng ca s vic. Tun c hiu rng, mt khi To Tho lp nc, th thin h khng thuc h Lu na. iu ph v ng hng ca Tun c, v vy tuyt i khng th, khng chp nhn c. Thin h ch c th l h Lu, khng th l h To. Nay nghe nh chuyn ci, nhng thi li l chuyn ng sai ln lao. V vn ny, chng ta cn c mt cht hiu bit v lch s. V vy ti cho rng, cui cng th h To khng t lp thay Hn, rt c th cn mt nguyn nhn na, To Tho khng th i mt vi i mt u t ca Tun c. Bi ngay nh thi lp lng ca To Tho trong vic cp Hn, Tun c khng ng , ni chi ti vic Tho t lp thay Hn. Tun c mong mun To Tho khi phc v chn hng vng triu i Hn. Lc ny th l tng ht hy vng. Tun c cht m khng nhm c mt! Lm r iu ny thy khng cn phi bn xem Tun c bun m cht hay b bc cht v kt qu c khc g nhau. i vi mt ngi c l tng nh Tun c th khng g au kh hn khi l tng b ph v. Hn na, Tun c cng chng cn cch no khc, khng th chy sang vi Lu B ch? Thoi khng c li khng th cng tin vi To Tho, tin thoi lng nan, Tun c ch cn con ng cht. D rng bun m cht, hay b bc cht, trc lc cht hn Tun c rt au kh. Thm ch ti cht ngh, nu Tun c l ngi hin i bit ht, hn trc lc lm chung s ht my cu cho To Tho nghe t ngn dm ti tm ti ng. Nhng ng li khng lu tm. ng vy, sut i Tun c c con ng ring, nhng nhit tnh ca Tun c sm b To Tho ly sch. D l trong m, Tun c cng ch ngh ti To Tho. Lc ny Tun c ch c th lun lun hi: cui cng th ng tt ch no? ng nhin Tun c s khng hi. M d c hi, To Tho cng s khng tr li. Trn thc t, hai ngi u ging nhau ch tin thoi lng nan v To Tho kh khn hn Tun c. Tun c ch c mt mnh, c th chn ng lui. To Tho i din

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cho li ch c mt tp on, cho d c mun lui, ngi khc s khng cho. Hung chi lc ny To Tho tu ha nhp ma, m mui l ln, bn linh hn ca mnh cho ma qu. Chng khng h b gim st, hn ch, km thc bi bt c mt quyn lc ti cao no. cp ly, nm gi mi mi quyn lc , To Tho ch c th i tip con ng vy mu. V vy, Tun c chn ly ci cht, To Tho tm n git chc. To Tho tip tc git ngi mt cch khng thng tic, k c vi bn b thn hu. Git ti lc mu chy thnh sng. Vy, To Tho cn mun git ai na, v sao phi git? Tp th hai mi tm: MN DAO GIT NGI Tun c cht v To Ngy kin quc l hai du hiu khc nhau, n ch ra rng, To Tho hon ton t anh hng thi lon bin thnh gian hng thi lon, rng To Tho i ph vi ngi khc cnh bng nhng th on tn khc hn na. Trn thc t To Tho lun tc chin bng hai mt, tc l i ph cng khai vi k th, i ph ngm ngm vi k th. Vy th, trc y To Tho lm nh th no? tp ba chng ta ni, To Tho ph M, Hn, nh Tn Quyn, tn cng Trng L, v mt qun s gia ng phi b; m u ging chuyn ca Tiu H, tip n l phong cng kin quc, cui cng l tn tc Ngy vng, v mt chnh tr c voi i tin. To Tho chuyn trng im chin lc t qun s sang chnh tr, t chin trng sang quan trng, cng i cng xa so vi con ng chn la ban u. ng nhin l kt qu ca d tm ngy cng ln. Th l tin thoi khng c ch ta, khng cn ng lui, phi tip tc git ngi. Thc t th t lu To Tho git ngi. T sau khi vo triu phng thin t lnh k cha thn phc hoc p thin t lnh ch hu, phi phn i To Tho lun tn ti. Khng c g l l. Mt ngi nm gi triu chnh, c chim i quyn, ng g lm ny, nu khng c ai phn i mi l chuyn l. Hung chi To Tho cn mun tc chin c hai mt, lun i ph vi k th c trong v ngoi triu. V nh ci cht ca Tun c, ngi ng thi gy chuyn. Tn Quyn cng khai bo tin ti Lu B, Lu B ni lun gic gi cha cht, ha lon cha ht. R rng lc , trc sau To Tho u c ch, trong ngoi cu kt, khng mnh tay trng tr khng xong. Vn l ch, To Tho khng phi l ngi khng mun nghe nhng kin tri ngc. To Tho hiu r ci li khi nghe nhiu kin khc vi mnh, v vy ng vin mi ngi ni nhiu, ni tht. c nhng vic lm chng minh iu . Thng mi Kin An nm th X (Cng nguyn nm 205), To Tho ban b Cu trc ngn lnh. Kin An nm th XII (Cng nguyn nm 207), To Tho trng thng ngi phn i vic mnh nh Hon, trc y chng ta ni r iu ny.

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Trong Cu trc ngn lnh To Tho ni, iu khng th chp nhn c: mt cp di trc mt th bo ng, sau lng li ni sai; vic trng thng ngi phn i nh Hon mun ni r vi mi ngi rng, ch cn bn c tt, li cn c thng. Vy phn bit sao c u l phn i c thin u l cng kch vi c ? Trong hon cnh khoan dung , lm sao va khch l nhng li ph bnh chnh ng, va c th ngn chn m mu li dng d lun lm iu xu? Trong khi kch nhng th lc i ch nn chng phi tt c ng lng, ngi ngi thy nguy, chim chc cng lng ting? iu ny l ty thuc trnh . C ba im phn bit trong cch lm ca To Tho. 1- Phn bit xut kin v ht iu phn; 2- Gy kh d v c m mu; 3- Phn bit mt c nhn v mt nhm ngi. Nu l mt c nhn th ch l gy kh d, th d c ht iu phn, v tt To Tho phi git, nh N Hnh. N Hnh, t Chnh Bnh, ngi qun Bnh Nguyn, huyn Bn (pha ty nam th trn Nhc Lng, Sn ng ngy nay). Hu Hn th em lit vo truyn Vn Phm, ni l ngi t ti hng bin, xem ra l vn nhn, cn l ti t, bnh thng ca vn nhn kim ti t l cy ti ngo mn, chng coi ai ra g. N Hnh cng nh vy, nn tuy bng y kinh lun, nhng chng ai dng. Ch c Khng Dung m ti ca N Hnh, nn dng biu ln triu ra sc tin c, ni N Hnh ng l nht thin h, v sau li nhiu ln tin c vi To Tho. Bn thn h To cng rt mn ngi ti, cng mun xem mt v nhn s ny. Nhng N Hnh gp mt, cn ni li i nghch, chm chc To Tho. Lm sao To Tho c th chu c nh vy? Nhng ngh n ti kh ting tm ca N Hnh h To khng n git, ch mun nh gc ci uy phong . Li nghe N Hnh gii nh trng, lin triu N Hnh lm quan trng ri cho duyt nghe m tit trong mt hi ln ng quan khch. Lc ny N Hnh mi chu n v ting trng mi m vang tinh t lm sao! Nghe ni l thn thi khc thng, m tit bi trng, ngi nghe thy u cm kch. N Hnh lin i n trc mt To Tho, nhng quan ph trch, l nghi ngn li, phi thay y phc chuyn dng ca quan trng , sao ngh c th n mc nh th ny? N Hnh ni: vy ta c ci b qun o trc mt To Tho, ri ci b dn dn tng ci mt, ngi trn nh nhng, li t t thay ch phc, khng h cm thy xu h cn chi trng ln na mi i. Lc ny To Tho khng bit nn trn i u. C iu To Tho vn l To Tho, h To ci kh kh trc khi ni vi quan khch: Ta nh bng lm nhc N Hnh, chng ng ta mi l k b nhc. Khng Dung cng ht sc bt bnh v chuyn ny trch c N Hnh mt thi, ng thi nhiu ln ca ngi To Tho l ngi trng ti. N Hnh bng lng gp To Tho. Khng Dung mng r v cng, chy n bo tn cho To Tho. To Tho cng rt mng, cn dn gia nhn h N Hnh n phi bo ngay. No ng c th ch cho n chiu N Hnh mi ti, v khng phi ti xin li, ti mng m. Lc N Hnh

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mc o vi thng, u qun khn th, tay cm gy g, ngi ngay trc ca i doanh, m ming chi bi. Va chi li va p gy xung t, chi bi c ngn c ngnh, ra m ra sc. Qu nhin To Tho ni gin quay li ni vi Khng Dung: thng nhi N Hnh l ci th g th ny! Ta mun git hn, bt qu ch nh git s, git chut m thi! N Hnh ng l k khng bit iu. t ra cng khng nn bn r Khng Dung, lm cho Khng Dung khng cn ra ngi na, li xem thng c To Tho. C th l do qu khinh b v khng mang ting c khng dung mt ai nn To Tho khng git m y N Hnh sang ch Lu Biu. Lu Biu c ting khoan dung v yu qu k s, sau khi n , N Hnh nh c thay cung i dy ha thun cng nhau, c th l mt bin php rt hay. Nhng tic thay giang sn kh i, bn tnh kh thay, cui cng th N Hnh li m vi Lu Biu, Biu li y N Hnh sang ch Hong T. Hong T l ngi th l, chu sao c cung cch ca N Hnh. Trong mt bui yn tic, N Hnh li c li khim nh. Hong T lin trch c, N Hnh mng chi i p. Hong T qu gin, sai ngi li ra nh. Lc ny N Hnh cng lng ln chi mng. Hong T khng th nhn nhn, h lnh git lun. Ch b ca Hong T cng cm gin N Hnh git ngay N Hnh. Lc ny N Hnh mi hai mi su tui. N Hnh cht, hu th ng tnh nhiu. C ba nguyn nhn ng tnh. 1- N Hnh kiu ngo; 2- N Hnh chi To Tho; 3- N Hnh cht oan. Cht oan cng c hai cch ni: 1, N Hnh khng ng cht; 2, N Hnh cht bi tay To Tho, Tho mn dao git ngi. Thc ra, ni vy tng l ng, nhng sai. Khng phn tch thm, s b m hoc bi hin tng b ngoi, t s hiu sai. Chng ta nn phn tch thm. Vn th nht, N Hnh kiu ngo khng? Hnh nh c, N Hnh thng mng chi ngi ng u nhng ni mnh n. ch To Tho th mng To Tho, ch Lu Biu th mng Lu Biu, ch Hong T th mng Hong T. My ai dm lm nh vy? Khng c ai. Nhiu ngi ly lm khm phc. Nhng chng ta khng th hiu vn mt cch n gin nh vy. Mng ngi ng u, u phi l kiu ngo. Th hi: 1- Ngi ng u ng mng hay khng? 2- V sao ngi ny phi mng? 3- Phi chng ngi ny hay mng ngi, v cha bao gi hp tc vi ngi cm u? Hi nh vy, vn s r rng hn. Trc ht, N Hnh khng theo ch ngha bt hp tc. Thc tnh th N Hnh rt mun hp tc vi nh ng cc. Hu Hn th - N Hnh truyn ni: N Hnh vn l ngi Kinh chu t nn. Khi , ngi Kinh chu t nn rt ng v Lun Biu to ra mt hon cnh kh thong vi nhn s. Lc ny nu N Hnh ng l cao s s c th c hai cch la chn. Mt th nh Gia Ct Lng ni: mong gi ton c tnh mng trong thi lon, khng cu c hin t vang danh vi ch hu; mt na nh Gia Ct

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Lng lm, ch c m ng, chn thi m ra. Nhng N Hnh li khng nh vy. N Hnh khng nn ni xc ng trong lng, ri Kinh chu xui xung vng Ha. Nghe ni, nhng lc ra ngoi tm c hi pht trin, N Hnh ngm em theo th. Th, l mnh giy ghi tn, cng gi l danh thip. Cng tc l ni, N Hnh lun mang theo danh thip bn mnh, chun b n vi ng ch va . Nh vy c g l khng c, by gi nhiu ngi cng lm nh th. N Hnh ra sc tm kim v khng sao tm c ni c th thng tin. N Hnh v cng tht vng nn mi bt u chi bi! S sch cn ghi, ti huyn Ha vo nm Kin An nm u (Cng nguyn nm 196), N Hnh bt u chi bi. Theo ch dn in lc ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Tun c truyn, lc To Tho va nghnh n thin t, huyn Ha va dng , ho kit bn phng v, nhn ti v s. Th l c ngi tt bng khuyn N Hnh nn kt giao vi Trn Qun, T M Lang, no ng N Hnh vnh mt ln ni, l no ta li kt giao vi bn ngi t, bn ru! Trn Qun t Trng Vn, ng ni, cha, ch u l danh s ng thi. Trn Qun l bn ca Khng Dung, cng l quan trong triu, khng phi l t. T M Lang t B t, xut thn th gia l trng huynh T M , ng nhin cng khng phi l k bn ru. Mt ngi hi N Hnh, th Tun Vn Nhc v Triu Tr Trng th sao? Tun Vn Nhc tc l Tun c, mt nhn ti, l mu s hng u ca To Tho; Triu l ng Khu tng qun thi , n rt khe. Th l N Hnh bu mi ni lun- vi b mt ca h Tun ch ng c iu vn tang l, v vi ci bng y h Triu kia c th lm gim bp mi khch. Cc v ngh xem, th l th no? Tm li N Hnh chng coi ai ra g, c th va ny, N Hnh cng chng n nang g, thng ni vi ngi khc, ch c thng ln Khng Vn T (Khng Dung), thng b Dng c T (Dng Tu) cn hp c, nhng thng b khc chng c g ng ni. N Hnh ni nhng cu lc mi hn hai mi tui, Khng Dung bn mi li b gi thng ln! y u phi l kiu ngo? R rng l in khng! n by gi chng ta vn cha r, n u N Hnh cng va vo tng nn mi chi bi hoc v thch chi bi nn mi va vo tng. Theo ti phn ln ri vo tnh trng th hai, hoc l c hai, nhng mu thun c lit. Hu Hn th ni, N Hnh t tr c ti bin lun, song tnh tnh ngang ngnh cao ngo, khinh i ngo vt, c ngha l x s nn nng, ngang bng, cung ngo, thch thi thng ht iu phn, c khng hp c vi ngi khc, khng coi ai ra g. Theo ch dn in lc ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Tun c truyn ni, N Hnh cho mnh c ti nn kiu ngo, khng giao tip vi mi ngi. Thng cho rng ngi khc khng bng mnh, nn khng mun cng tr chuyn (thy khng bng mnh nn khng ni), v vy mi ngi u ght N Hnh (v th mi ngi mi hn). Ght b N Hnh l ng nhin. Mt ngi v l in khng nh vy th khng th c quan h tt vi mi ngi. Nhng gn nh N Hnh cng khng mun c quan h tt . Theo ch dn in lc ca Bi

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Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Tun c truyn ni, lc N Hnh b To Tho ui ra khi bin cnh, nhng ngi n tin ni vi nhau: Hnh nhiu ln kiu ngo, nay li n mun, nn khng cn phi l ngha cho hi. V vy khi N Hnh ti, ngi ngi c ngi, nm c nm, v nh khng thy. N Hnh lin ngi phch xung v khc rng ln. Mi ngi hi v sao khc. Hnh ni: ngi ngi nh nm m, nm nh xc cht, ta b kp gia m m v xc cht, khng bun sao c? Mt ngi thch chi bi, chi bi cay c nh vy, c ai qu mn y? V vy nhiu ngi hn N Hnh n xng ty (mi ngi u nghin rng). Hin nhin, ght N Hnh khng ch c To Tho, Lu Biu, Hong T, rt nhiu ngi ght tr Khng Dung. Khng phi N Hnh ch chng i nh ng cc m chng i vi c x hi. Thc t ci gi l kiu ngo ca N Hnh ch l s bnh trng gh gm ci ti ca mnh, khng ngi h thp ngi khc cao bn thn. iu ni ln iu g? Ni N Hnh ht sc t li. N Hnh t cao t i, biu hin r s t t t li trong con ngi. N Hnh ch bit c mnh, khng bit n ngi khc, xem thng ht thy. biu hin s kiu ngo ca mnh, N Hnh y Khng Dung ngi bn ca mnh vo hon cnh khn n. Nh vy khng th coi N Hnh l anh hng, m l k ngu xun. Khng phi N Hnh c thy nh ng cc l mng chi. Theo ch dn Ph t ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Tun c truyn, N Hnh ht li ca ngi, cao cng c ca Lu Biu. Nhng sau ny bnh c ti pht, N Hnh li ni nhng li in khng. (Nh trong Hu Hn th ni: sau li hi khng cn Biu), Lu Biu lin y N Hnh sang ch Hong T. n ch Hong T c T khon i chu o (T i x tt), i bn mt thi ha thun. Nhng ri N Hnh li c nhng li khim nh, cn mng Hong T l ng cht. Hong T mi git N Hnh. Nh vy, khng phi N Hnh ch c ngo mn m bng d khc thng, chi bi quen ming, gp ai chi ngi . Mt khi bi cnh c lm r, chng ta mi c th tr li vn th hai, To Tho c ng b chi khng? ng l To Tho c im ng b mng, nhng khng c ngha N Hnh mng To Tho l tr thnh anh hng, phi xem N Hnh mng g, v sao phi mng? ng nhin, chng ta cng khng r ni dung c th. C iu, c nh con ngi ca N Hnh th e chng c g l chnh ng. C ngi ni N Hnh mng To Tho v Tho cp Hn khng, bn thn cu hi ny ang l mt vn . Tnh li xem, Kin An nm u, To Tho cha c hnh ng cp Hn, l Hn tc. Thc tnh th To Tho c cp Hn ngc li cn rt tn knh thin t. C cho l To Tho cp Hn nn b chi, nhng Tun c lun trung vi Hn tht sao cng b chi? Ch c th ni N Hnh l ngi thch chi bi. Thc t th N Hnh chi To Tho v N Hnh mit th, chn

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ght To Tho; va chn ght va cm gin. Cch ni ca Hu Hn th l va gp ght, theo ch dn Vn s truyn ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Tun c truyn th chn ght lun. V sao li mit th, chn ght v th hn? Khng bit. Nhng ngoi Khng Dung, Dng Tu ra th trn th gian ny khng cn ngi no m N Hnh khng mit th, khng chn ght v khng th hn. Hung h To Tho l ngi chu o vi N Hnh. N Hnh lm nhc To Tho nhng c h g u! c tin N Hnh ti gp, To Tho rt mng, ngi ch rt lu (i rt mun). L hin i s nh vy sao cn b mng? By gi xin tr li vn th ba: N Hnh cht oan khng? Ti tr li l, oan v khng oan. Ni l oan, v d N Hnh c c c, ng ght n my, cng cha ng phi cht. Ni khng oan, v N Hnh t mnh chuc ly ti. Thc t th N Hnh lun ln ting chi bi nn phi cht. Theo ch dn Ph t ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Tun c truyn, khi n vi Lu Biu, N Hnh c coi l thng khch. N Hnh ht li tn thng Lu Biu v cng khng ngng chm chc thn tn ca Lu Biu. V th l nhng ngi ni nh vi Lu Biu, rng N Hnh ca ngi tng qun nhn i khoan dung, thc cht ngm ch tng qun c lng nhn ca n b, khng bit quyt on, th tt s tht bi. Li chch ng vo im yu ca Lu Biu. Thc t th N Hnh khng ni vy. Nhng c cho l N Hnh ni th ai m khng tin. Kt qu Lu Biu tc gin, ui N Hnh sang ch Hong T. Cch ni ca Hu Hn th l, Thi th Giang H Hong T nng ny, mi y Hnh sang . Chng ta u bit, To Tho N Hnh sang ch Lu Biu v bit Lu Biu khoan dung, c th cho N Hnh mt li thot. To Tho mong mun N Hnh sa i. Tho mun bit sau ny ra sao (nhn xem th no). Lu Biu bit Hong T th bo, nhng v khng dung ni, nn mi y N Hnh sang , thm ch c mn dao git ngi. Nhng liu N Hnh c hiu Hong T l ngi nh th no khng? V sao khng chu thu bt kim i? E rng ch l bnh nhn sp cht, khng mng ngi khng sng ni. V vy c ba nguyn nhn khin N Hnh phi cht. 1- N Hnh t tm n ci cht. 2- Lu Biu mn dao git ngi. 3- X hi thi l en ti. Hn na ni ti cng, N Hnh cht v khng c php ch, khng c nhn quyn. Thi th Giang H ch v s din m ty tin git ngi, th l ch ngha g? L chuyn ch ch ngha! Nh vy l x hi g? L x hi en ti! Nhng d l mt x hi c php ch c nhn quyn th cng chng c ai qu mn N Hnh. Trong s vn s cht oan th N Hnh t c ng tnh nht. Bi v N Hnh khng h bit tn trng ngi khc, khng bit lm ngi, m ming l nhng li ngng cung, khng n mt ngi khc, cng khng cho mnh ng rt, kch khp ni, cng tc l mt nhn dn. N Hnh phm nhiu sai lm.

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Kt lun l: N Hnh khng ng cht, nhng cng khng ng hc tp, cng khng nn ca tng nh mt anh hng. Cn ci cht ca Khng Dung th li khc. Cc nh bnh lun thng coi N Hnh v Khng Dung l nhn vt cng loi. Trong s vn nhn ng thi, quan h ca hai ngi ny l rt tt. Hai ngi u lu li ting xu. Theo Hu Hn th - Khng Dung truyn, lc To Tho git Khng Dung, c ngi pht hin, Khng Dung v N Hnh lun tng bc ln nhau. N Hnh coi Khng Dung l Trng Ni bt t, Khng Dung li cao N Hnh l Nhan Hi phc sinh. Nhiu ti liu thng ni ti N Hnh, v mt ngha no th n ca Khng Dung l s ni tip n ca N Hnh. C iu n ca Khng Dung to hn, v Khng Dung l chu i th XX ca Khng T; quan to, l ngi th ln (b trng kin thit). V vy Khng Dung cht mun hn. Khng Dung khng ch mt ln c ti vi To Tho nn b Tho git. Kin An nm th II (Cng nguyn nm 197), Vin Thut xng , To Tho mun ly vic cng bo th ring, nhn mun git cht Thi y Dng Bu - ngi c quan h hn nhn vi Vin Thut. Sau khi bit tin, Khng Dung tm n To Tho, ni: Chu th vit: Cha con anh em, ti khng lin can, hung chi Dng Bu ch l thn gia ca Vin Thut. To Tho ni thng lun, y l ca hong thng. Khng Dung thm ngh, phi vch mt ngi! Mi hi li: Chng nh Thnh vng mun git Chiu cng, Chu cng cng ni l khng bit? Nay thin h knh n ngi, v ngi thng minh, nhn tr, lm vic cng minh. Nu nh lm dng git ngi v c th e ngi trong thin h u phi lo lng. Vic th nht, Khng Dung ny ng ng l nam t hn nc L, ngy mai s khng ln triu! To Tho thy ni cng c l nn khng git Dng Bu, nhng t trong lng c vt . V phn mnh, Khng Dung quyt khng To Tho yn, mi khi c dp, lin tm nhng s h ca To Tho ri bng phng thc nhiu lon, nh trng tim en nhm x ht nhng iu bt mn vi To Tho. Theo ch dn Ngy th Xun Thu ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Thi Dim truyn, Kin An nm th IX (Cng nguyn nm 204), To Tho cng ph Nghip Thnh, To Phi cp Chn th - v Vin Hi, v lm v. Khng Dung lin c th gi To Tho ni, nm V vng nh Tr, em t K thng cho Chu cng. To Tho bit Khng Dung hc rng, nn cho chuyn l tht, lin hi c sch no. Khng Dung ni Ngy nay chuyn xy ra ngay trc mt. Theo ch dn Hn k ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Thi Dim truyn, To Tho mun tit kim lng thc nn h lnh cm tu. Khng Dung lin nhy ra ht phn iu, rng trn tri c tu tinh, di t c tu tuyn, nhn gian c tu c, vy sao li cm tu? Hn na t xa thng v n b m mt nc, vy sao khng cm n b?

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D nhin l h To rt kh chu v nhng li . Nhng v Khng Dung u to, ting tm ln, nn Tho nh cho qua: B ngoi khoan dung, b trong th bt bnh. Nu Khng Dung ch ni my li chm bim hoc ni nng nh nhng hn th c th To Tho nhn nhn, cho qua. Tic rng Khng Dung cn mun cng kch vo cng lnh chnh tr, ng li chnh tr ca To Tho. Mi khi To Tho a ra mt quyt sch to ln, Khng Dung u phn i. Lm sao To Tho c th nhn nhn c. V nh cuc chin Quan , Khng Dung ru rao trong triu rng khng th thng c Vin Thiu. Tun c phn bc li, xem Tam quc ch - Tun c truyn. Li theo Hu Hn th - Khng Dung truyn, Khng Dung tng dng th ln triu nh ni nn theo ch thi c i trong vng ngn dm kinh khng nn phong hu. To Tho nghi rng h ang nhm vo mnh, mun y tc hu ca mnh ra ngoi ngn dm. Nn nhn lc quan h gia Khng Dung v Lu B c ch bt ng, To Tho quyt nh tiu dit Khng Dung trc khi dng binh nh Kinh chu. Nhng Khng Dung vn khng phi l loi chut b v danh, mun git hn phi theo tng bc mt. Va kho vo thng su nm Kin An th XIII (Cng nguyn nm 208), To Tho ci cch quan ch, khi phc chc tha tng v ng s i phu. Ngi nhn chc ng s i phu (b trng b gim st) l Si L ni phn trc. Si L vn bt ha vi Khng Dung, c tin dng nn hiu ngay ca To Tho. Theo Khng Dung truyn, Si L thu thp ngay ti chng ca Khng Dung v cho mt ngi l L Ty bo ti liu ln. iu quan trng nht trong l cu ni bc Ngi c thin h, c g phi l mo kim ao - Mo kim ao tc l ch lu. l li mu phn, ng nhin k ng git phi git. Th l Khng Dung b nht ngay vo ngc, x t. Nm Khng Dung nm mi su tui, v, con u b git sch. C iu To Tho git Khng Dung khng v ti danh mu phn, m v ti danh bt hiu. Theo ch dn Ngy th Xun Thu ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Thi Dim truyn, v ting tm Khng Dung qu ln, To Tho s ngi khc khng phc, nn nh phi cng b ti danh. Nghe ni Khng Dung c hai cu ni bt hiu. 1- Cha v con c n tnh g? Bn v ngha th chng qua tnh dc pht tc mt lc thi m. M v con c g l tnh yu thng? Ch nh vt dng tm trong vi snh, sau khi ly ra th ht quan h. 2- Gp lc mt ma, c cht g n, nu cha m khng tt th nn em cho ngi khc. Ni nh vy r rng l bt hiu ri! Nn trong lc ban b ti trng, To Tho hn hc ni: Dung phm tri tri o, ni nng lon l, tuy git th triu, nhng hn l mun cng tc l, Khng Dung khng nhng ng git m cn git qu mun. y l s tr ti in hnh v li ni v cng l nn chuyn ch chnh tr in hnh. Trc ht, chng ta khng r c ng l Khng Dung ni nh vy khng, b co vit nghe N Hnh k li. N Hnh nghe Khng Dung ni xong, k li khp ni, nh

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hng tht t hi. N Hnh cht khng cn ngi i chng, bit th no y. Theo ti, c th y l li N Hnh ni cho Khng Dung nghe, nhng To Tho li bo l Khng Dung ni vy, th nhiu lm cng l li ni qung xin, c sai nhng khng c ti. Nhng l thi i To Tho khng ngh ti nhn quyn, ngay nh ph bng m thm cng l c ti, hung chi y li l li cng kch in cung! ng nhin l ng cht, 3- To Tho tng ni c ti th dng, cp ch du nhn vng, bt nhn bt hiu c h g, vy sao ch v bt hiu m git ngi? L no ni m khng lm, t v vo mt mnh? Hn na y ch l my li bt hiu ca Khng Dung, To Tho li quy kt thnh ng li t chc, chnh sch nhn s, l no li khng ng git? C iu, chng ta li khng th hi To Tho my li . ng nh ngi L Tn ni: Nu chng ta n hi To Tho th e rng To Tho s git nt chng ta!. To Tho git Khng Dung vi ti danh bt hiu l c dng . Ln na chng t To Tho l chnh tr gia y mu k, cn Khng Dung lm vic nh con mt sch. Trc ht, Hn triu lun ch trng tr thin h bng o hiu. To Tho git Khng Dung, chng t mnh lun ng h hiu o, ng h hiu o cng tc l ng h Hn tht. Vic lm quang minh chnh i, ng thi cn ra sch c mi nghi ng To Tho cp quyn. V mt chnh tr To Tho li c thm mt phiu. Th na, lm th khng ch tiu dit xong th xc Khng Dung, cn c th h thp danh d Khng Dung, ngh xem, l chu i th XX ca Khng T li ch trng bt hiu th nhn phm cn gi c khng? Mt ngi phn bi t tin, l no li khng ng cht? Hin nhin, To Tho khng ch mun git cht Khng Dung m cn mun Khng Dung mang ting xu mun i. Chiu ny thc c c v li hi. V vy khi Trn Th vit Tam quc ch khng dm a truyn Khng Dung vo. Ni thm, To Tho git Khng Dung, ngoi vic tiu dit k khc phi, cn c mc ch mun chnh phong sa kh. C iu phong kh chng c quan h g vi hiu hay bt hiu, nhng li quan h ln n chnh tr. Chng ta u bit, nhng nm cui thi ng Hn c danh s gng gi mnh trong sch, v cng c k un gi cu vinh. Nhng bt k l loi thanh lu no, u c chung mt c im, ti kh ln tnh kh cng ln hoc khng c ti kh nhng tnh kh ln. H t cho mnh l thanh cao, khng chu i li vi l tc nhn, cng khng chu hp tc vi ngi cm quyn, hoc v khng bit c s hp tc . Nu ch l c nhn gi tr th khng c g ng ngi, ng ny h li mun a tc phong tnh kh vo lnh vc chnh tr, to nn nh hng ln, khin To Tho nhiu ln phi au u. To Tho l ngi phi thng lun lm nhng vic phi thng trong thi khc c bit. To Tho mun chuyn chnh, l no li chu ngi khc ngy ngy chi ra mnh? To Tho mun dng ngi s khng tha cho nhng ai khng hp tc. Cn phi git nhc nh mi ngi, Khng Dung ch l mt con g trng trong s .

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N Hnh cht vo nm u Kin An (Cng nguyn nm 196); Khng Dung cht nm Kin An th XIII (Cng nguyn nm 208); Tun c cht nm Kin An th XVII (Cng nguyn nm 212). Sau ny, Kin An nm th XXI (Cng nguyn nm 216) v Kin An nm th XXIV (Cng nguyn nm 219), To Tho git tip Thi Dim v Dng Tu. By gi th y l nhng n ln, ng thi l nghi n v khng ging vi ba n trc. Vy th, v sao li phi git Thi Dim v Dng Tu? Tp th hai mi chn: CHN TNG MNH N To Tho to ra n oan, git cht Khng Dung; ngm t dm uy, bc cht Tun c. iu ni r To Tho l nhn vt quyn cao th mnh trong lnh vc chnh tr, quyt khng cho php bt k ai phn i ng li chnh tr ca mnh. C vic hoi nghi cng khng c; ng thi cng ch ra nhng nhc im ch yu v mt chnh tr ca To Tho. Vy, t nguyn nhn chnh tr no khin To Tho phi git Thi Dim v Dng Tu? ba tp trc, chng ta ni n ci cht ca N Hnh, Khng Dung v Tun c. Thy ngay, nguyn nhn cht ca ba ngi khng ging nhau, cch cht cng khc nhau. N Hnh tnh kh bc dc hay ph bnh, quan h khng rng, ch l c nhn, khng hnh thnh mt lc lng chnh tr ni chung hoc mt tp on chnh tr, nn To Tho khng git. Tun c ht iu phn, nhng cng ch l c nhn, khng i din cho th lc hoc tp on no, cn l mt i cng thn, nn To Tho khng git cng khai. Sau khi cht, Tun c cn c hu i ban thy l knh. Khng Dung lun ht iu phn, li i din cho th lc chng i trong triu, ngoi x hi, i mt trong mt thi gian di, nn To Tho khng ch cng khai x ti cht m cn git c nh, gia thm ti danh, sut i mang ting xu. Lm nh vy ni ln iu g? To Tho vch r ranh gii v mt chnh tr. To Tho c th nhn nhn khi ngi khc lm mnh mt s din (cng c khi khng nhn nhn c) nhng tuyt i khng cho php bt k ai phn i ng li chnh tr v cng vic c th ca mnh. Ngi no c gan dm phn i, nht nh To Tho s gi dao t tiu dit lun, ngay c mt cng thn nh Tun c cng khng ngoi l, ni chi ti Thi Dim, Dng Tu. n x cht Thi Dim l n oan ln thi , nhiu lc To Tho cn phi nh li. Ngay nh Trn Th - ngi khng dm vit v Khng Dung cng phi tht li c th gian phi thng tic, n nay vn l oan. lm r iu ny, trc ht phi xem Thi Dim l loi ngi no, ri mi ni ti v sao phi cht. Ti ch c th ni v Thi Dim bng mi su ch: vn v ton ti, trng thn triu nh, chnh nhn qun t, c cao vng trng. Thi Dim t Qu Khu ngi thnh ng V, Thanh H (nay l vng Ty Bc huyn V Thnh, Sn ng). Tam quc ch - Thi Dim truyn ni: lc nh Thi Dim thch nh kim, say m v thut, khng

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tho ng n ni. Nm hai mi ba tui c lng xm coi l chnh tt, hng nm phi lm dao dch (lao dch) mt thi gian (gm lc dch hoc qun dch). Sau lc tr thnh vn hc t mi c min tr dao dch. V vy nm hai mi chn tui tr thnh t ca Kinh hc i s Trnh Huyn, sau ny c Vin Thiu gi vo trong qun nhn chc K y (quan thng soi V Lm k binh). Chng ta u bit, Vin Thiu l ngi nghe khng lt tai nhng li tri . Thi Dim khuyn Thiu khng nn nh To Tho. Vin Thiu khng nghe, kt qu l bi trn Quan . Sau khi Vin Thiu mt, Vin Thng v Vin m ginh nhau Thi Dim, h Thi nh phi co bnh t chi, kt qu l b giam vo ngc. May sao c Trn Lm cu gip mi thot cht. Sau khi To Tho cng ph Nghip Thnh, Thi Dim lin theo To Tho. Kin An nm th XIII (Cng nguyn nm 208), To Tho ph b tam cng, phc hi ch tha tng v t nhn chc tha tng. Trong ph tha tng c ng To v Ty To lo vic tuyn chn cn b. Ty To qun cc b trung ng, ng To qun vic a phng v qun i. Thi Dim tng lm vic c hai ni. Bi Tng Chi ch dn Tin hin hnh trng ni, lc nhn chc ng, Ty To, Thi Dim tuyn chn c v s nhn ti u t vn v ngi ti u c xem xt bt, ty ti m s dng, khng da vo tnh cm, dn n Triu nh mnh m, thin h thi bnh, tuyt khng dng k h bi, xy dng mt triu nh y hy vng. By gi Thi Dim ng l mt danh s c cao vng trng. Thi Dim lc nh tnh tnh n hu, t li nh ting, tng mo ng ng, v mt nhn ti. Tam quc ch tng ni; thanh th cao vi, i mt ngi sng, ru di bn thc, trng rt uy th; Tin hin hnh trng li ni: Thi Dim trong sng ngi ngi, nhn xa hc rng, hnh s ng n, chnh sc trong triu, cng l thanh lim trung trinh, nho nh chun xc, lm vic ng ng, dng v ng hong, lm lit trong triu. Nghe ni, khng nhng ngi trong triu u sng knh Thi Dim (triu s ngng vng) m ngay c To Tho cng phi n phc (Thi t cng knh n). Thc tnh, To Tho mun Thi Dim n nhn chc ng Ty To v Dim c th bin i con ngi t tham lam thnh thanh lim (ngi tham m danh thnh thanh lim), ngi dng cm c khch l thm (trng s c khch l). Chnh To Tho ni nh vy. To Tho coi Thi Dim l th lnh ca mi ngi, l tm gng cho cc quan, (c th lm gng c mt thi) xem nh l mu mc ca thi i. Nhng l mt ngi nh vy m vn b To Tho git, vu khng git. L do git l c bng ph bng. Coi c bng ph bng lm ti danh git ngi vn l s suy lun ba bi, hn na khng th ni l Thi Dim c bng ph bng, lm g c nhng l do . Theo Tam quc ch - Thi Dim truyn th s vic l th ny: sau khi To Tho l Ngy vng, c ngi tn l Dng Hun c biu ca tng cng c ca

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To Tho. Mt s ngi bn tn biu chng, cho l s ng hp quyn th, la bp di tr. H bn tip n Thi Dim, cho l mt b trng t chc khng lm trn nhim v trong vn Dng Hun lm quan. Thi Dim lin tm c biu chng ca Dng Hun, sau gi cho Dng Hun mt bc th ngn ni, xem biu, vic coi nh l c! Thi gian tri qua s c thay i. C ngi em bc th mt bo vi To Tho, t y m c v n . V sao Thi Dim li vit bc th ny? Thi Dim c ng c v suy ngh g? Thc kh lng bit chnh xc l g? Trn Th cho rng: Thi Dim c chm bim nhng k phn i kia k bn tn kia thc ng trch, chng c tnh l g. Nhng ng l bc th c phn hm h, t ng l m hiu sao cng c. Tm dch th ny: ta xem biu chng, s tnh c th coi l c. Thi gian i thi gian, s bin i theo thi gian, nht nh tnh hung s bin i! iu mu cht y l: vic c th coi l c kia l vic g v tnh hung s bin i kia l tnh hung no. Nhng ci c th hiu nh th ny: li l trong biu chng ca Dng Hun c th coi l c hoc vic Dng Hun dng biu chng c th coi l c. Hiu nh vy l hiu qua s vic, thun l thnh li. Nhng ngi bo mt kia li gii ngha khc. Anh ta dch ra nh th ny: Ta xem biu chng, nhng vic ngi h To kia lm c th coi l c! Thi gian a thi gian, ri s c bin. V vy To Tho tc gin ni: Trm h sinh con gi thng ni l sinh con gi thi, cng tc l sinh con gi m, tm gi l c. Nhng thi l t khng hay. Ri s c bin, ni nh vy l thiu khim tn, c dng khc! Thi Dim lin b x cn hnh lun , ct tc, lm lao dch. Vi mt ngi nhn phm v tng mo hon ho, a v v phm c cao sang nh Thi Dim th l s s nhc to ln. Tuy vy, Thi Dim vn thn nhin, hnh vi sc thi nh thng, khng hn gin s st, khng un gi van xin. K mt bo n li n ni vi To Tho, Thi Dim khng h nhn ti, hi ci. To Tho lin h lnh: Thi Dim tuy nhn hnh pht, nhng vn kt giao vi tn khch, nh ca ng c nh ngoi ch; vn vut ru khi ni nng, vn trng mt lc nhn ngi, bng d nh c nhiu iu bt mn! Th ri ban Thi Dim ti cht. Ngy lc k li tng tn chuyn ny: By gi To Tho phi ngi n bo vi vin quan ph trch n, sau ba ngy phi c tin. My hm sau vin quan ph trch vic gim st n bo ni: Thi Dim bnh an v s. To Tho tc gin ni: chng nh Thi Dim nht nh bn vng phi ng dao ng ba hay sao? Thi Dim nghe ni vy lin gt u, l sai lm ca ti, khng bit To cng li c (git ti khng thch hp, khng bit cng c ). Th ri thanh thn t tn. Khng cn phi phn tch ci cht ca Thi Dim, bit ngay l n oan. To Tho nh b kch ng, tht thng. Ti danh dng cng ngang nh l c th c m. V vy nhiu ngi phn i. Theo Tam quc ch - Mao Gii truyn, Mao Gii

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- ngi ng To duyn cng Thi Dim tuyn chn cn b v cng bt mn. Nhng k mt bo ti tin v l ngi b bo chuyn vi To Tho, To Tho li bng bng ni gin, tm ra ch s sut h ngc hi ti Mao Gii. Mao Gii vn thn nhin bnh tnh trnh by, xa nay nhng ngi b ghen ght, b hm hi, b git oan khng th k ht. Mao Gii, quan t huyn li nay l i thn triu nh, mang ti vi nhiu ngi, mun tm my sai st c kh g u? Mao Gii ch mong c mt ln p tr gia triu nh. Nu Mao Gii phi quanh co p ng, th xin x thn cc hnh, tc l gia quan tin tc (ngy x hnh cng l ngy c ban tng), ly th cp ca thn tc l thin n lng lng (ban kim n, tc l trng thng). Khng th ph nhn c my li ca Mao Gii. Sau th Hon Giai - ngi lun ng h To Tho, cn ch trng To Tho nn lm hong (cng vi mt s ngi khc na) ng ra cu gip, To Tho mi tha cht cho Mao Gii, nhng vn phi bi quan. C ngi khng ly lm ngc nhin v chuyn ny, v nh Tn Thnh tng ni Ngy V lun dng hnh, mt chnh. Chng ta cng khng hiu, bi v iu khc hn vi ch trng v con ngi To Tho trc y. Xem ra khi c nhiu quyn lc v nhiu d tm th lc ny To Tho khng cn l To Tho nm xa na! Nhng vn l To Tho d b kch ng tht thng, nhng cha n on thn kinh tc lon, cng cha n on nh mt k in r v duyn v c git ngi ba bi. To Tho git ngi lun c nguyn nhn. Nhng c iu l, n ca Thi Dim r rng l n oan, nhung v sao Thi Dim khng mun trnh by phn bin nh Mao Gii, ngay c gii thch cng khng chu? C th c hai cch gii thch v li ni ca Thi Dim, v sao To Tho mun quanh co hiu nhm? Cui cng th To Tho v Thi Dim c quan h g? V sao Tho phi git Thi Dim, v v sao Thi Dim phi t st? Trn Th gii thch l vo ci c m bt knh. Trn Th ni: Thi T hay nghi, c g m khng lm, Khng Dung nc L, Ha Du, Lu Khu Nam Dng u vo ci c bt knh m b git. Cn mi ngi lun thng tic Dim, n nay vn l oan ung. ng l Ha Du cht v bt knh, nhng Khng Dung th khng phi. Khng Dung cht v chng i. Cn Thi Dim th sao? Thi Dim khng h phn i khi To Tho c phong Ngy cng, tn phong Ngy vng. Ngay c khi To Tho ly cu vic cng coi l c xem l hoc ni l bt knh, cng cha chc Thi Dim xung t vi To Tho. Vy th cui cng v sao To Tho phi git Thi Dim? C th on ra ba l do. 1- Thn kinh qu mn cm. Chng ta u bit, vic To Tho c phong Ngy cng ri kin Ngy quc, xng Ngy vng nhiu ngi khng hi lng. Ngh xem, mt ngi tr tu nh Tun c cng khai phn i, nhng ngi khc th bn tn sau lng. iu khin cho tinh thn To Tho cng thng, lun kinh hong hong ht, lo

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lng s hi, nghi thn nghi qu. Hn na theo quan nim truyn thng, chnh nhn qun t l ngi c trch nhim ng h vng tht, ngn nga chnh bin. To Tho rt cnh gic, hoi nghi s ngi o c cao thng. Va kho Thi Dim li nm trong s ngi . V vy khi nghe li ni ca Thi Dim, Tho khng h ngh v pha thin m ch nghi ng Thi Dim cng kch c c. Vn l ch, v sao Thi Dim khng bin gii? Cng c hai kh nng: 1khng thm chp. Chng ta u bit Thi Dim nhn phm cao thng cao qu. Mt ngi cao thng cao qu th khng bao gi kiu ngo, ngo mn. Qun t c kh tit, i trng phu coi ci cht nh tr v, bin gii lm g! Mun git th git i, t mnh ra tay cng c, nn ung dung t tn. Cn mt kh nng na l khng cn thit. Ngha l Thi Dim tnh ton, sm mun g th To Tho cng s git mnh, bin gii cn c tc dng g, chi bng c ung dung m cht. Do vy, v sao To Tho phi git Thi Dim, ngoi kh nng mt ra, cn c kh nng th hai, th ba. 2- Git ngi bo th. Thi Dim mc ti vi To Tho chng? mc ti, nhng l vic trc kia. Theo Tam quc ch - Thi Dim truyn, Kin An nm th IX (Cng nguyn nm 204), To Tho cng ph Nghip Thnh, bnh nh Vin th, lnh K chu mc. Thi Dim va c cu t ngc K chu ra, hin lm bit gi tng s ca To Tho, Tho dng dng t c ni vi Dim, hm qua ta va xt li h khu, thy c thm ba mi vn ngi, K chu qu l mt chu ln! No ng Thi Dim li ni, nay thin h li tn, chn chu tan r, anh em h Vin gy can qua, ngi dn K chu xc cht y ng. Nay vng s ti y, cha nghe ni ti ban b nhn ngha, hi han phong tc, cu dn khi cnh lm than, ni ti c thm bao nhiu binh gip, m rng thc lc, chng nh l iu gi tr gi trai trong chu k vng minh cng sao? Li ni nghim ngh ng mc lm cho tn khch bn s hi bc mt, To Tho vi v xin li Thi Dim v s t c kia cng bin mt. y l li ni ng, ni thng khin mi ngi phi n phc, nhng cng t , trong lng ngi ta c u nht. Ln ny git ngi l bo th nm . Trong cun Phm nhn lc ti ni ti quan im ny. C th l nh vy chng? C th. ng qun rng trong thi i chuyn ch nhng k nm quyn lc, lun khng thch c b h chng li mnh, h lun mun kch bo th, cng bo t th, ngay c nhng v hong bt ti v nng cng lun dng th on i vi quan vin. i vi h khng c vn ngh hay khng ngh m ch c vn c th hay khng c th; Ci khc nhau ch l, bo th vo lc no. C ngi th tr mt lun, thi hnh tc khc; nhng cng c ngi v mc tiu xa hn, li ch ln hn m nhn nhn, ri tnh s sau. K tr mt ngay l k th l nng cn, ngi tnh s sau l ngi gian hng. Vi ci cht ca Thi Dim r rng To Tho l gian

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hng. Kin An nm th IX kt n n nm Kin An th XXI mi git ngi, To Tho ch mi hai nm, coi nh bit ch i. 3- C th l lo liu hu s. Nhng nm cui i, To Tho thng phi lo ngh vic lp ngi ni di, nn lp To Phi nhiu tui nht, hay lp To Thc c ti nht. Th l c th dn kn ngm hi cc quan, mong c ni r kin ca mnh. V To Tho mun b mt trng cu kin, nn mi ngi cng tr li bng th dn kn. Duy c Thi Dim l thng th Ngy quc (b th chnh tr) l (khng dn th) tr li cng khai. Thi Dim ni: theo ngha trong Xun Thu, lp t nn l trng, hn na Ng Quan Trung lang tng (To Phi) l ngi nhn hiu, thng minh, nn tha chnh thng. Thi Dim ti nguyn ly ci cht gi ng o. To Tho xem xong ht sc kinh ngc. Bi v To Thc l chu r ca Thi Dim. Thi Dim khng tin c To Thc li tin c To Phi, r l ch cng v t. To Tho th di mi ri b nhim Thi Dim l Trung y Ngy quc (V i trng cung nh kim t lnh v th kinh ). Nhn b ngoi thy, vic ny khng th l nguyn nhn khin Thi Dim b git, bi v Thi Dim nht tr vi ch trng ca To Tho. Nhng Bi Tng Chi li c ch thch thm my cu sau, theo Th ng - v To Thc, cng l chu gi Thi Dim, ch v mc o p m b To Tho khp ti vi phm quy ch, ban ti cht. Thi Dim v chu gi ca mnh u lin quan n To Thc, u b To Tho ban ti cht khng v mt nguyn nhn no c, khin mi ngi khng th khng ng rng bn trong c quan h g y. Thm ch ti cn cho rng, Bi Tng Chi ch thch nh vy l mun m ch iu g . ng nhin y ch l phng on, nhng khng phi khng c l. Trong thc t, c ngi ch v th m cht. Nh Dng Tu c coi l vt hi sinh trong vic tranh ch ca To Phi v To Thc. Dng Tu cht c phn khng r rng. Dng Tu t c T l con ca Dng Bu, chu ca Dng T, l chu bn i ca Dng Bnh, chu su i ca Dng Chn. Dng Chn tng l t khng, thi y; Dng Bnh tng l thi y; Dng T tng l t khng, t , thi y; Dng Bu cng tng l t khng, t , thi y. V vy h Dng cng nh bn Vin Thiu, Vin Thut l t th tam cng (c bn i u c chc v tam cng), cn l Bn i c ba thi y, mt mch tha tng. Bi cnh gia nh Dng Tu li khc. Dng Tu cng l ngi thng minh tuyt nh, ti hoa c tha, ngay nh cung vng khu qun N Hnh cng tha nhn Dng Tu l mt nhn vt, v thng gi l Tiu nhi. Dng Tu cn l ngi khim nhng, cung knh. Theo ch dn in lc ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - To Thc truyn th Dng Tu khim cung ti bc, con ci ca To Tho k c To Phi u ginh nhau lm bn vi Dng Tu. Dng Tu cht khng phi v c ti vi ai. Ni chung cc s gia u cho rng Dng Tu cht l do vic tranh ginh ngi thi t gia To Thc v To Phi, v Dng Tu gip

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To Thc. Sau khi To Tho quyt nh lp To Phi lm thi t, nga vic Dng Tu gip To Thc tranh ginh vi anh, gy phin h, huynh tng tn, thm na Dng Tu cn l chu ngoi Vin Thut, trc lc t th hn mt trm ngy, To Tho git Dng Tu. Tam quc ch - To Thc truyn v Hu Hn th - Dng Tu truyn u ni nh vy. iu tht ng ng. ng l Dng Tu c gip To Thc, nhng Dng Tu cha phi t ng ca To Thc. Theo ch dn in lc ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - To Thc truyn th sau khi To Phi c lp lm thi t, Dng Tu mun ri xa To Thc. Nhng To Thc li li ko Dng Tu, Dng Tu khng dm chi t. To Thc l con cng ca To Tho, tuy khng lm c thi t nhng cng khng mc ti. Dng Tu tuy xut thn danh mn, bn i tam cng, nhng lc ngay nh hong cng tr thnh con ri trong tay To Tho, th vic To Tho kch Dng Bu c ng k chi? Theo Hu Hn th - Dng Bu truyn, Kin An nm th X (Cng nguyn nm 205), Dng Bu b min chc; nm th XI (Cng nguyn nm 206), nhng ngi nh n trch (khng phi v chin cng) c phong hu, u b tc b tc v, trong c Dng Bu. ng ny va b bi quan va b ot phong, tuy cha phi xng kh trong nh, nhng cng chng cn g l p . Dng Tu c th khng da vo anh em h To c chng? V quan h gia Dng Tu v To Phi cng khng ti. Theo in lc, Dng Tu tng tng To Phi mt thanh bo kim. To Phi v cng thch th lun mang theo bn mnh, v sau To Phi ln lm hong , ng Lc Dng, vn mang theo thanh bo kim . Mt hm To Phi ra khi cung, nhn vt nh ngi, bng ngh ti Dng Tu, lin m kim bo dng xe ri quay li ni vi t hu: nm Dng c T ni y l thanh kim ca Vng Mao. Vng Mao by gi u? n khi tm thy Vng Mao, To Phi ban cho Vng Mao lng thc v o qun. Tc ng ni: yu ai yu c n ci, dng i. To Phi yu qu thanh bo kim nn yu qu lun c Vng Mao, cn mun trng thng; gi Dng Tu bng t khng phi bng tn, r rng l To Phi rt c cm tnh vi Dng Tu. Ti thiu cng khng c phn cm. Ngi m To Phi khng mun git, vic g To Tho phi git thay! Cho nn ti cho rng, To Tho v mnh nn git Dng Tu. Con ngi Dng Tu, tuy c mi ngi tha nhn l thng minh, nhng thc ra ch thng minh va thi. Theo Hu Hn th - Dng Tu truyn, Tu thn l tha tng ch b nhng khng bao gi mun ngi ch lm vic, lun b ra ngoi do chi, nhng li s To Tho c chuyn mun hi, nn trc lc ra ngoi, Dng Tu thng phng on tm t ca To Tho ri vit p n th tng chuyn giao. Sau mt vi ln To Tho thy k l: sao Dng Tu li c th tr li nhanh nh vy? Cho ngi n xem th ra l th. To Tho bt u ghen t v hn Dng Tu.

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Vic ny cn c ghi li. Theo li ch dn Vn s truyn ca Lu Hiu Tin trong Th Thuyt tm ng - Tip Ng, Dng Tu vit nhng p n my ln ng vi cu hi ca To Tho, nn li theo th t vit tip v dn d th tng, nu tha tng c lnh truyn ra th c theo th t m tr li. No ng ngi tnh khng bng tri tnh. Mt trn gi thi ti lm o ln c my t p n. Th tng c theo th t mi m gi i, t nhin p n khng ng vi cu hi. To Tho ni gin bng bng, cho gi Dng Tu n hi. Dng Tu khng dm giu phi ni thc ht. Kt qu l th no? V thng minh t, nn l chuyn ln, To Tho bt mn l d hiu. T hn na l vic Dng Tu mun th hin bn lnh ca mnh trc mt mi ngi. Theo Th Thuyt tm ng - Tip Ng, mt ln To Tho i th st ph tng quc mi xy, xem xong khng ni g, ch cho ngi vit mt ch hot trn ca. Dng Tu lin cho tho ca ra lm li. Gii thch rng, ch hot trong ch mn l ch khot, tha tng ch ca qu to. Mt ln khc, c ngi biu To Tho mt hp pho mt ng, To Tho n mt ming ri vit ch hp ln np hp v a cho mi ngi. Mi ngi cha hiu, Dng Tu cm hp v n lun, cn ni: chng phi mi ngi mt ming sao? (ch hp gm ba ch: nhn, nht, khu). Nu ni cha phi l hnh ng th thin, khim nh th nhng biu hin ca Dng Tu trong qun lm To Tho c mun git ri. Theo ch dn Cu Chu Xun Thu ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - V k, Kin An nm th XXIV (Cng nguyn nm 219), To Tho thng lnh i qun t Trng An ra T Cc, tin qun vo Hn Trung, chun b quyt chin vi Lu B. No ng Lu B li m qun ch him, c th khng nh. To Tho mun nh nhng khng tin c, mun th li khng c ch, chin th v sch, tin thoi u kh. Mt hm b h xin khu lnh trong qun, Tho ch ni k lc (ln g). Dng Tu nghe xong, i thu dn hnh trang lun. Mi ngi vi hi v sao li lm nh vy. Dng Tu ni: mn ln g ny n th v b vt th tic, Ngy vng d nh v nh. Ln ny Dng Tu li on ng, nhng s ln ny Dng Tu s mt u. Qu nhin, cha n na nm sau, To Tho git Dng Tu. Theo in lc, ti Dng Tu l tit l ngn gio, giao kt ch hu, tng ng vi cc ti tit l b mt quc gia, cu kt b ng, ni li m hoc dn chng. Nghe u trc khi cht Dng Tu tng ni vi ngi khc: cht th ny cn l mun. Nhng nu Dng Tu cho rng mnh cht do can h ti To Thc th cht nh vy l khng r rng. Dng Tu khng hiu mnh ang sng trong th ch chuyn ch m To Tho l mt trong my k cha nghi k trong th ch . Loi nhn vt ny lun lun nghi k v phng. H s nht v hn nht nhng ai on thu tm can ca mnh. Bi v mun duy tr nn thng tr c ti chuyn chnh ca mnh th phi thi hnh chnh sch ngu dn v ng li chnh tr c v. H mun nm vng tt c v ngi

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khc nhng li khng mun ngi khc bit c suy ngh ca mnh tr ci m h mun m ch hoc nhc nh. Tm li, k c ti cn phi thn thnh ha mnh, c vy mi l thin uy kh lng khin ngi khc phi lo s, cn mnh th thoi mi hnh s. Dng Tu nhn thu tm can To Tho, cn on c To Tho s hi g trc g sau, nh vy thc ng s. C mt nhn vt nh vy cnh, To Tho cn c th chi tr chnh tr na khng? Nu Dng Tu on c nhng khng ni ra, c th s hay hn. ng ny Dng Tu li ni khp ni, kch ng mt s ngi khng thn phc, ch t cho thy To Tho khng su sc. V vy ci inh trc sau g cng phi nh. Hn na Dng Tu cn l vy cnh ca To Thc, nn khng nh khng c, c th ni, N Hnh cht v khng hiu ngi; Dng Tu cht v qu hiu ngi. Nhng c hai u khng hiu bn thn, v khng hiu gia ngi vi ngi phi x s nh th no? Thc tnh, Thi Dim cht cng nh vy, iu ti k l phm vo nn chnh tr chuyn ch. Nhn b ngoi th thy, Thi Dim khng ng nhm hng trong vn lp thi t, vn ch Thi Dim khng nn ni thng ra. 1- Nn chnh tr chuyn ch l nn chnh tr b mt, thch nhng thao tc ngm. Bn cng khai l ph hoi quy ch. 2- Trong thi i thao tc ngm th cng khai khng nht nh l tht, s tht cn giu sau mn. Thi Dim cng khai v ngh mnh v t, nhng i vi To Tho li c th l khc, nu khng v sao nhng ngi khc u dn kn th? 3- Thi Dim c coi l ng hong minh bch, nhng bn lm nh vy, ha ra To Tho li l ngi ngm ngm ln lt? Bn l ngi qun t ng hong, l no To Tho l k tiu nhn khip nhc? Lm sao To Tho c th vui mng c? V vy To Tho mi th di mi, v t mi c suy ngh khc. ng nhin, y l s phng on. Ci gi l chn tng lch s s cc nh s hc tm kim vy! iu ti mun ni, chnh quyn chuyn ch git ngi khng h tnh ti o l. Mt khi ni ti hong quyn, hong v th ng ni ti nhn tnh, nhn tnh, nhn quyn. Ngay c cha m, anh em, con ci khi cn git cng khng run tay. Chng phi Hn V cng tng git con sao? ng Thi Tng tng git anh em? Con To Tho th nh th no? Tp th ba mi: TRANH GINH OT CH Trong nhng nm cui i ca To Tho, vn ngi ni di lun c ni ti hng ngy; vic tranh ginh ot ch gia To Phi, To Chng, To Thc din ra ht sc d di. V vy To Tho phi to ra nhng n oan v huyt n. Nhng iu thy kh hiu l, Thi Dim ng h To Phi b git, ngi ng h To Thc l Dng Tu cng b git, vy cui cng th To Tho nh lp ai l ngi ni di? Tp trc chng ta ni, trc khi qua i hn mt trm ngy, To Tho git Dng Tu mt t ti ba. Thng cho h Dng bn i tam cng khuynh o

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trong mt lc, nhng ng nh ngi xa ni: gia tc ngi qun t ch c nm i. Lc ny, Dng Bu - cha ca Dng Tu cn sng- Dng Bu tng nhn chc t khng, t v cn l thi u. Dng Bu nhn c ba chc v gi l tam cng, r rng l a v rt cao qu. Nhng nay ch cn bit ging mt ra nhn ngi con yu qu b git. Ngi u bc tin ngi u xanh, au kh bit chng no. Theo Hu Hn th - Dng Bu truyn, mt hm To Tho gp Dng Bu, To Tho t v kinh ngc khi thy Dng Bu hnh dung tiu tuy. To Tho lin hi v sao li gy guc n nh vy? Dng Bu ni: tic khng cn sng sut v do trong lng lun thng con. Th l Tho thay i sc mt. To Tho hi ra v quan tm. Dng Bu p l thc lng. iu lm h To khng th khng thay i sc mt. Lc ny tuy b bi quan ot phong, nhng Dng Bu vn l v nguyn lo. Mt nhn vt nh vy m khng th bo ton c ngi nh, cn ni chi ti ci khc? Hn na, Dng Bu c con yu, To Tho khng c sao? Dng Bu khng th bo ton c ngi nh, To Tho li c th chng? ng tng lc ny To Tho xng b mt thi, uy phong lng ly, quy lut gia tc ngi qun t ch c nm i v tt v hiu vi ng ta. iu khng th khng lm cho To Tho phi suy ngh nhiu hn, xa hn. Trn thc t To Tho lun phi suy ngh vn ngi ni di. Nhng tic l vn rt kh gii quyt. Theo thng k, To Tho c t nht l mi lm ngi v v hai mi nhm ngi con. Ngi c t cch ni di nht l To Ngang, nhng cht trn vo thng ging Kin An nm th II (Cng nguyn nm 197), ngi khc c To Tho yu qu l To Xung th m v qua i vo thng nm Kin An th XIII (Cng nguyn nm 208). Cc con khc th cht yu hoc dung tc, To Tho ch cn hy vng vo To Phi, To Chng v To Thc. Theo Tam quc ch - To Xung truyn, lc To Xung m v qua i l lc To Tho au bun nht. To Phi bc n an i cha, To Tho ni: ngi ny lm ta bun, cn nh To lm ta vui. Ci gi l nh To (cc ngi my ngi) ng nhin l To Phi, To Chng v To Thc. C ba ngi u mun mnh l ngi ni di. Trc ht h u l con ca Bin phu nhn. V c ca To Tho h inh, inh phu nhn khng sinh con, con nui l To Ngang cht trn, bn thn li d nn khng phi suy ngh vic lp ch. Sau khi h inh b ph, Bin phu nhn thay th a v chnh tht. Theo nguyn tc lp ch ngi ni di phi c chn t cc con ca h Bin. Bin phu nhn c bn ngi con, trong To Hng cht sm, cn c th chn mt trong ba ngi l To Phi, To Chng v To Thc. Hai l, c ba ngi ny u c nng lc, c vic v trnh cao hn hn

49

nhng ngi con khc ca To Tho. Nh vy, d l lp ch hay lp hin, h c t cch nht. Vic tranh ginh ot ch lun xy ra trong ba ngi con ca Bin phu nhn. Vy To Tho chn ai? Nhn chung cc s gia u cho rng trc ht phi loi b To Chng. Khng th ph nhn To Chng l mt nhn vt. Theo Tam quc ch - To Chng truyn, ngi ny t b gii ci nga ti bn tn, to gan ln mt, chin u nhiu trn lp nhiu chin cng. Kin An nm th XXIII (Cng nguyn nm 218), Hon qun i lm phn, To Tho b nhim To Chng l Bc Trung lng tng, Hnh kiu k tng qun i dp lon. Trc lc ln ng To Tho ni vi Chng: con , nh l cha con, th mnh l qun thn, con bit phi lm nh th no! To Chng hiu r cha, nn trong chin tranh Bc pht xng pha him trn, dn u tng s, bn thng vo H K k trc ngi sau trng tn gc ng. Bn thn To Chng trng my mi tn, nhng ch ngoan cng, kt qu i ph qun ch. Ngi Tin Ti trung lp thy To Chng anh dng thin chin xin quy thun. Vy l min Bc bnh xong. Sau thng li, To Chng tng thng ln cho tng s, mt khc khi hi bo vi To Tho li theo kin ngh ca To Phi quy cng ch tng. Lc ny To Tho v cng mng vui tm ly chm ru vng ca To Chng, ni: Ru vng con, con kh lm. Thc t th To Tho ly lm kiu hnh khi c a con nh th. Theo ch dn Ngu lc ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - To Chng truyn, trong cuc chin Hn Trung, Lu B n mnh trong ni, c Lu Phong xung ni khiu chin. To Tho mng ln: k bn giy c kia, sao ngi c cho con nui ra nh trn (lun cho con gi nh vi con ta)? Ch y, ta s gi a ru vng n! Nhng To Chng cng c vn , tc l hu dng v mu, khng thch c sch. iu ny To Tho bo ban, ni: con ch thch bn tn ma kim, nm ng ui ch, nh vy ch l ci dng ca k tht phu, u thnh c nghip ln? Ri sp xp cho To Chng c Thi, Th. To Chng li ni vi ngi bn cnh, nam t hn i trng phu phi ging nh V Thanh, Hoc Kh Bnh, bng trm vn qun ra ni bin cng dng cng lp nghip, da g vo my cun sch nt ny lm ngi hc rng? Ngh nh vy r rng khng ging mt nhn qun. To Tho tm hiu To Chng. Mt ln To Tho hi cc con thch th iu g, tng ngi ni r ca mnh. To Chng tr li Thch lm tng. To Tho li hi: Lm tng phi th no? To Chng ni: Mc gip cm gio, gp kh khng ngi, dn u tng s, c cng th thng, c ti phi pht. Th l Thi t c ci. ngh lp To Chng l thi t nu c, cng ch mt trn ci l ht. V To Tho rt

50

r, To Chng l mt tng gii, nhng v tt l mt quc vng gii, mt hong gii. Cn li To Phi v To Thc. Khng t ngi cho rng, To Tho vn mun lp To Thc lm thi t, ch v To Phi gi tr, bn thn To Thc c nhiu sai lm, nn mi lp To Phi. iu ny khng phi l khng c cn c. Tam quc ch - To Thc truyn ni vy v ni rt r, l my ln sut na To Thc c l thi t. C hai nguyn nhn: 1- To Thc c ti. 2- To Tho rt thch To Thc. Hai nguyn nhn ny c quan h nhn qu, chnh v mi ln gp, hi kh, tr li c ngay th mi c bit ng yu. Nhng ti cho rng, vi hai iu , li c th chng minh rng To Tho khng th lp To Thc. Ni s thch th trc. ng, To Tho thch To Thc. D l vy cng khng th lp To Thc l thi t. V sao vy? V xa nay c bn cch lp thi t: lp con u ca v c, lp trng, lp hin, lp yu. Theo quan nim truyn thng ngi ng lp nht l con c ca v c. Mt ngi con, nu l con ca chnh th sinh ra, li l con c (tui tc ln nht) vy ng nhin ngi s l thi t, nu con ln khng phi con v c, con v c khng phi l con ln nht, nh phi lp con v c t tui hn, c gi l lp t ly ch (con v c) khng ly trng. Nu v c c hai con tr ln hoc v c khng sinh con, s lp ngi ln tui nht, khng tnh n phm hnh v ti nng, gi l lp ch ly trng khng ly hin. ng nhin, khng phi tuyt i khng lp hin, v lp hin cng c l. Lp vua hin l c li cho nhn dn cho t nc, mi ngi c th ng tnh. Mt khi ht cch mi lp yu, v hon ton l do tnh cm, th no cng gp iu khng hay. Tm li, vic lp thi t phi theo l sau, trc tin lp con v c, th n lp trng, th na lp hin, cui cng lp yu. Lp To Phi l lp con v c v cng l lp trng; lp To Thc l lp yu. Bn cho bit h To s lp ai? ng vy, To Tho l ngi khng my trng quy ch, khng theo mt quy trnh nht nh, nhng u dm mc ti lp yu, v To Tho u chi yu ring mt mnh To Thc. C th c ngi ni: To Tho lp To Thc khng phi lp yu, m l lp hin. To Tho lun ch trng c ti l dng u chu tri buc bi quan nim truyn thng? ng nhin s lp ngi ti hoa nht l To Thc! iu ny tng nh l thc, nhng khng phi. ng, To Thc l con ngi k ti, nhng l mt thiu nin ti t. Theo Tam quc ch - To Thc truyn, To Thc bit lm vn khi cn rt nh. To Tho c tc phm ca Thc, v cng kinh ngc, hi c phi nh ngi vit h khng (my nh ngi sao?) To Thc tr li: m ming thnh cu, cm bt thnh bi, mong c th ngay, vic g phi nh. Sau ny khi i ng tc xy xong, To Tho lnh cc con ln i lm th, To Thc cm bt thnh bi, rt hay, Thi t thy l, r rng l c ti v vn th.

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Nhng vn l, chn thi t khng phi l chn ch tch hip hi nh vn, khng th ch l vit lch tt hay khng tt, cn phi xem xem c ti nng v chnh tr khng, v mt ny To Tho tng th thch To Thc v k vng sau ny. Kin An nm th XIX (Cng nguyn nm 214), To Tho nh Tn Quyn, To Thc gi Nghip Thnh. To Tho tm s vi con, lc hai mi ba tui cha lm n binh lnh, lc ny hi tng li thy khng c g phi hi hn. Lc ny con cng hai mi ba tui, t bit phi lm g! To Thc biu hin nh th no y? Tam quc ch - To Thc truyn khng ni g, c th l khng ti nn phn sau mi c cu my ln sut na c l thi t. Nhng sau ny biu hin li khng tt, kt qu l tht sng. y cn nhiu im ng ng. 1- Lc To Thc lu gi Nghip Thnh c nhng biu hin t xut g? Nu c, sao khng thy s sch ghi chp? 2- Lc u To Thc th hin khng ti, v sao sau ny li tr thnh km ci? ng tic, my on ghi trong Tam quc ch li qu hm h, khng r rng, khin chng ta c cm gic ang che giu vic g ! Ti cho rng, nu To Thc c nhng biu hin t xut v mt chnh tr, th no cng l ra. Trn thc t, To Thc cng khng th lm c vic g to ln khin tri rung t chuyn. Mt l, bn thn To Tho l ngi mnh m, cc con ng ngoi To Chng c th cm qun nh trn, cn li u kh lm nn chuyn. Hai l, To Thc cng khng phi l ngi hiu bit nhiu v mt chnh tr. Tam quc ch To Thc truyn ni n nguyn nhn To Phi ot ch thnh cng, To Thc tht sng, Xun Thu ni l Thc lm vic theo cm tnh, khng bit kim ch, ung ru ba bi cn To Phi bit lm ra v, t bit khng ch, ngi ngi trong cung thy u vui v, cng tc l kho v vnh, khng ch bn thn, thu phc lng ngi, v vy To Tho quyt nh lp To Phi l ngi ni di. To Phi l nh vy nn s ng ng tnh vi To Thc, khng ng tnh thm ch l xem thng To Phi. Khng cn nghi ng g, chng ta cng thy lm vic theo cm tnh r rng l ng yu hn t bit khng ch. T bit khng ch khng ch l khng ng yu m cn l ng s. Nhung l cch nhn ca chng ta, khng phi l cch nhn ca To Tho. Khng phi lc To Tho mun chn ai l ngi ng yu nht m l ngh xem ai l ngi ng tin cy nht. ng tin cy v mt no? Tin cy v mt chnh tr. v mt chnh tr tin cy c ngha l g? L c th m bo cho chnh quyn To Ngy tn ti mi mi. iu khng th xt v tnh tnh m phi xt v mt tm k. Ngi khng c cch nhn ng n khng th chn lm ngi ni di ca chnh quyn To Ngy, lm vic theo cm tnh khng phi l phm cht cn c ca nh chnh tr. C ngi ni To Tho cng lm vic theo s thch, To Thc lm vic theo cm tnh l no li khng c phn ging nhau? ng vy, To Tho lm vic theo s thch, nhng ng qun To Tho cn c mt gian di xo tr, ng l khng th va c c tay gu va c c c. mi l iu kh x. Kt qu ca u tranh t tng, l tr chim u th. Thi , thin h lon lc, trc sau chnh

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quyn To Ngy u c ch. Chn c ngi c tm k, r rng l yn tm hn. Trong To Tho bnh truyn, ngi Trng Tc Diu ni: xt v i k tr quc, th r rng To Thc khng bng To Phi, kt lun nh vy ti cho l ng. Xt v gc ti nng, cng nn chn To Phi ch khng phi l To Thc. Ba ngi con ca Bin phu nhn, To Phi, To Chng, To Thc, u l nhng nhn ti, nhng khng ging nhau. Trn Th miu t To Chng v ngh cao cng, c th tng lnh; m t To Thc l vn ti chi sng, ng l mt ngi ti hoa. Tc l, hai ngi h, mt vn ti, mt v gii, To Phi c coi l vn v song ton. Lc To Phi l thi nhn ni ting, cng To Tho, To Thc xng l Tam To. ng nhin trong Tam To th ca To Phi khng bng cha v em, nhng a v trong vn hc s li khng h thp. Mt l c sng to, nh bi Yn hnh ca c coi l t ca loi th tht ngn. Hai l c l lun, nh in lun - Lun vn c coi l kinh in ph bnh s trong nn vn hc Trung Quc. Trong lc ging vn hc s, ngi L Tn cn gi Ngy Tn l thi i To Phi, nhn nh To Phi l i din cho tinh thn vn hc t gic. Mt ngi c hai iu lm mc thi i, l To Phi. V cng ca To Phi cng rt kh, ci nga ma kim u c hng. To Phi bn tn cng ti, t ti trnh ui th t mi dm, trm pht trm trng; kim thut cng gii, c th so kim u v vi cao th v lm thi . Theo in lun - T thut, To Phi tng cm cy ma thay kim so ti vi Uy V tng ng Trin, kt qu l nh bi i th. V vy, khng th v To Thc c ti m bo l To Phi v nng. Ngc li, chng ta cn phi tha nhn To Phi ton din hn To Chng, To Thc. Hung h To Phi cn c mt u th na, nhiu tui nht. Lp ch ly trng, l truyn thng l quy ch, ngay nh Cao hong Lu Bang cng khng th khng theo. Lc To Tho trng cu kin th ca phi chnh thng cng l vy. Thi Dim truyn, Mao Gii truyn, Hnh Ngung truyn, Gi H truyn trong Tam quc ch u ghi li nhng kin . Tp trc chng ta ni ti kin ca Thi Dim. Thi ca Mao Gii cng nh Hnh Ngung cng rt r rng, u cho rng lp ch ly trng l iu mun thu; c, th khng r rng th hu ho khn lng. Mao Gii cn nhn mnh bi hc t ch Vin Thiu. Nhng Gi H l ngi c hay nht. To Tho tng hi ring Gi H, cui cng nn chn ai l thch hp nht, Gi H yn lng. To Tho ni: ta ang hi i khanh, sao i khanh khng ni g c ? Gi H ni: ang mi ngh ti mt chuyn! To Tho hi: ngh chuyn g? Gi H ni: chuyn ca Vin v Lu Biu. Chng ta u bit, Vin Thiu v Lu Biu v lp th khng lp trng, lm ni b mu thun, dn ti dit vong. iu , ng nhin l To Tho r. Cui cng th Thi t ci ln, th l ngi v thi t c chn. Thc t th khng phi To Tho khng ngh ti iu ny. Kin An nm th XVI (Cng nguyn nm 211), my ngi con ca To Tho u c phong hu k c To

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Thc, To Phi khng c phong, ch c b nhim l Ng Quan trung lang tng v v tr coi l ph tha tng. Phm cp Ng Quan trung lang tng khng cao, ch l phn i trng i th v cung nh, khng c t cch thit lp quan vin thuc h, cng khng th tr thnh ph th ca tha tng. To Tho sp xp nh vy, nh ngy nay gi l chc thp quyn cao, chc v rt thp, nhng a v rt cao, quyn lc rt ln, thm ch cn hn c Vn h hu. Hin nhin, vi To Phi, To Tho i x khc vi cc con khc. V vy, Kin An nm th XX (Cng nguyn nm 217) thng mi, To Tho ban b Co t vn l, cc con u l hu, ring T Hng khng phong, ch l Ng Quan trung lang tng, th l thi t vy. C th ni, l tm k. Ba iu kin ca To Phi, vn v song ton; con trng l nguyn nhn ch yu c To Tho chn la. Nu ni To Phi thng li cn c nguyn nhn no khc th l c cao nhn ch im. Trn thc t, k t lc To Phi, To Thc bt u tranh ginh ngi v thi t, ni b tp on To Tho hnh thnh hai tp on nh hoc ni l hai phe chnh tr, mt phe ng h To Phi, phe kia ng h To Thc. Nh Tam quc ch - Gi H truyn ni: ai c ng ny. Bn pha To Thc ch yu l cc mu s inh Ngh, inh D, Dng Tu. Bn To Phi ch yu l Ng Cht. Tic l inh Ngh, inh D, Dng Tu ba tay th vng v khng nhng u khng ni Gia Ct Lng m ngay c Ng Cht cng phi b tay. Ng Cht t Qu Trng, ngi T m (nh o, Sn ng ngy nay). Theo ch dn Ngy lc ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Ng Cht truyn, Ng Cht ti hc thng tu c To Phi v ch hu v cng yu qu. Trong vic tranh ginh ot ch gia To Phi v To Thc, Ng Cht hng vo To Phi. Ng Cht c ch cho To Phi, c th l hai iu, mt l t ra thnh tm, hai l gy mi nghi ng. Theo ch dn Th ng ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Ng Cht truyn, mt ln To Tho xut chinh, To Phi, To Thc u ng bn ng a tin. To Thc chi tr thng minh, ca tng cng c, li l hoa m, mi ngi u tn thng, To Tho cm thy thoi mi d chu, ch c To Phi khng hi lng. Lc , Ng Cht ni nh vo tai: Vua ra i, phi khc ch! To Phi theo k va khc va ly, ting khc thu ti tri t, To Tho v mi ngi thy u ri l. Kt qu r, To Tho cng thm xc ng, ai cng thy li ni hoa m khng bng ting khc chn thnh. Thc khng h vi ci tn ca mnh, Ng Cht nh bi To Thc bng phng thc n gin nht, cht phc nht, chng ng l bao. Ng Cht thc li hi. Phe cnh To Thc coi Ng Cht nh ci inh trong mt, h lun ch n tng hnh ng ca Ng Cht. Theo ch dn Th ng ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - To Thc truyn, mt ln To Phi ngm a Ng Cht vo trong ph bng ci st vt i (st c an bng nhnh cy leo, nhnh trc hoc cnh

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liu) bn cch i ph To Thc, Dng Tu pht hin, em chuyn bo vi To Tho. C iu lc khng kp xt, nn cho qua, To Phi thy cng thng, hi Ng Cht nn lm th no? Ng Cht ni: s g! C th m lm l xong. Sau my hm, To Phi li cho khnh st vo ph. Dng Tu li i bo co. Lp tc c ngi n tra xt. Khi m ra th trong st ton l la, kt qu Thi T bt u nghi ng. Nghi vn iu g? Nghi ng To Thc, Dng Tu v nhng ngi khc m mu hm hi To Phi. Hin nhin l Ng Cht thnh cng, v ng khng l g To Tho. Ng Cht bit To Tho tuy trng ti, nhng cn trng tnh hn, v vy mi To Phi t ra thnh tm. Ng Cht cn bit con ngi To Tho rt a nghi, cng l ngi thng minh To Tho cng nghi ng; v vy mi To Phi gy mi nghi ng. Nu so snh th Dng Tu cn km xa. Dng Tu lun chi tr thng minh vt, a ra nhng ch c k. Chng ta ni phn trc, Dng Tu rt thch d on tm t ca To Tho, tic l on c nhng khng lm c. Theo ch dn Th ng ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - To Thc truyn, ging nh mnh i ph vi To Tho, Dng Tu gip To Thc d on trc nhiu vn , v vit li gii. Mi khi To Tho hi n, To Thc lin chn nhng p n thch hp chun b sn v cho ngi mang i, mong To Tho c n tng l ti ba nhy bn. Nhng Dng Tu khng cn thn, khng nm vng cc tnh tit, dn ti va hi tr li ngay. Kt qu l To Tho sinh nghi, To Thc c thng minh n my cng khng th nhanh nh vy! Cho ngi kim tra, chn tng r rng. T To Tho nhn To Thc vi con mt khc v cng ght cay ght ng Dng Tu. V mi iu phng on ca Dng Tu cha phi hon ton chun xc. Theo ch dn Th ng ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - To Thc truyn, mt ln To Tho lnh anh em To Phi, To Thc ra khi Nghip Thnh lm vic, ng thi mt lnh cho lnh gc khng m ca thnh. Dng Tu on ng ca To Tho, nn Dng Tu dn trc To Thc, vn nht lnh gc khng ngi ra, ngi c vng mnh, th c git lun i. Kt qu To Thc ra ngoi cn To Phi phi li. Nhng ln ny To Tho mun kho st tng hp v hai a con ca mnh. Xem xt v ti v quan trng hn l v c. B ngoi th ln ny To Thc thng li, nhng thc t thua, v To Tho c n tng, To Phi nhn hu, To Thc tn nhn. Dng Tu bit mt khng bit hai, nhn nhn thin cn, v vy mi l thng minh vt. Dng Tu thng minh vt ng nhin s khng u ni Ng Cht thng minh ln. Hn na, To Phi ch c Ng Cht l mu s, To Thc hnh thnh c phe ng. To Tho cng khng chp nhn iu ny. C iu, theo ti, Ng Cht tuy l cao hn Dng Tu mt bc, nhung li km Gi H mt tng. Bi v Ng Cht ch cho To Phi ci thut, Gi H cho To Phi li l ci o. Theo Tam quc ch - Gi H truyn, To Phi tng cho ngi n thnh gio Gi H, phi lm g c th gi c a v, Gi H tr li lun, ch mong tng qun

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c th nng cao o c, bi dng kh tit, thc hin trch nhim, ngha v ca k s, n cn khn thit, khng bit mt mi, khng vi phm nhng iu hiu o, th l c (mong tng qun thnh ngi c , tn trch ca mt k s, sm ti ht lng, khng phm o l. Th l ). Mt s ngi cho l nhng li nguyn tc, nhung thc cht th l nhng li ch tnh ch l, Gi H ni ti nhng iu rt c bn. Trong thc t, d bn lm g, lm cng, lm quan, bun bn, h c vn th quy kt li vn l lm ngi. Lm ngi l iu c bn nht. Lm ngi thnh cng th lm vic g cng s thnh cng, bng khng, ch c th ni ln c mt lc. chnh l im sng ca Gi H. Ti tng ni, Gia Ct Lng dng s thng minh ti tr vo vic tr nc, Gi H li dng n vo qun mu. Nhng so vi ba ngi th vng v kia th Gi H l ngi tr tu ln. To Phi gng cng rn luyn theo li dy ca Gi H, (ngy ngy mi da), cui cng c To Tho tn nhim. Nhng d c Gi H thc tnh, nhng ri ci ui con h ly ca To Phi cng l ra. Theo ch dn Th ng ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Tn T truyn, khi c lp lm thi t, To Phi bt thn m ly c Ngh lang Tn T: Tn qun i Tn qun, bit ti sung sng th no khng? Thi cho nh vy l tiu nhn c ch, ch t cng l k tht thng. Ngc li c hai ngi n b li rt lnh lng, l tr v lng l. Mt ngi l Bin phu nhn, m ca To Phi, trong tp Trm sng v bin ni ti; cn mt ngi na l Hin Anh con gi Tn T. Tn T v nh k vi Hin Anh nhng biu hin ca To Phi, Hin Anh th di ni: Sao thi t li nh vy? Thi t l th no? Thi t l ngi s nhn ngi vua tr v t nc. Thay vua th phi cm thy au kh ( l nhim v qu nng n). L ra phi au kh, s hi, ng ny li vui mng hn h, nh vy liu c c lu khng? E Ngy quc khng th phn vinh cng thnh mi mi! By gi mi thy r, Hin Anh bun b m ni ra iu . Thng mi Kin An nm th XXII (Cng nguyn nm 217), To Phi c lp lm thi t, thng ging Kin An nm th XXV (Cng nguyn nm 220) k tha ngi vua, cng thng mi nm bc Hn Hin nhng ngi, sau su nm yn v ngi hong , Hong S nm th VII (Cng nguyn nm 226) t th, th bn mi tui. Bn mi nhm nm sau khi To Phi qua i, tc l Tn V Thi Thy nm u (Cng nguyn nm 265) Ngy vong. ng nhin, vic To Phi vui mng hn h lc khng phi l nguyn nhn khin Ngy on mnh, m chnh l vn ch . Cn phi ch ra rng, mt trong nhng nguyn nhn khin To Phi cp Hn thnh cng l do thi hnh cu phm trung chnh ch, c th l s tc lng on quan trng. To Phi coi l phiu bo m c s tc ng h. Nhng tic l thnh cng do Tiu H m bi cng do Tiu H. Cui cng th To Ngy cng mt trong tay s tc. Ngc li, chnh quyn Thc

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Hn li thi hnh ch Hn s, b cu phm trung chnh ch kt qu khng c s tc ng h, nn cng dit vong. Cho nn, ch l nguyn nhn Ngy vong, cng l nguyn nhn Thc vong. C iu lc ny nn quay li nhn n Tn - Lu. Sau trn chin Xch Bch, Lu B v Tn Quyn nh th no? H lm g pht trin lc lng ca mnh? Trong qu trnh , h c cn l mt lin minh vng chc nh ban u chng li To Tho khng? Tp th ba mi mt: NHN YU M VO Sau trn chin Xch Bch, To Tho, Lu B v Tn Quyn chia ba Kinh chu, v mc tiu tranh ginh li l ch chu, Lu B ginh thng li cui cng. V sao Lu B c th ginh thng li trong cuc tranh chp ny? V sao To Tho v Tn Quyn li chng c g ? Lu Chng nguyn ch chu v sao li mt a bn? Sau trn chin Xch Bch, li l chin tranh, mc c, tha thun, cui cng Lu B chim c mt na qun Nam v bn qun: V Lng (tr s Thng c ngy nay); Trng Sa (tr s ti Trng Sa ngy nay); Qu Dng (tr s Sm Chu ngy nay); Linh Lng (tr s ti Linh Lng ngy nay), ln lm Kinh chu mc; Chu Du cng ph Giang Lng, Tn Quyn khng ch ty t Di Lng (nay l Nghi Xng, H Bc) ng n phng tuyn Trng Giang ca Tam Dng (ny l Cu Giang, Giang Ty), chim c qun Giang H; To Tho lui v phng Bc, vn chim qun Nam Dng v mt na qun Nam, trung tm l Tng Dng. To, Lu, Tn chia ba Kinh chu. Lc , chng ai nut c ai, h c nh vo ch chu. ch chu bao gm Hn Trung, Qung Hn, Ba qun, Thc qun, l mt trong hai chu ln nht ng Hn, rung t ph nhiu bt ngt, cn gi l t nc thin ph. Thm vo , ngi ch l Lu Chng khng my bn lnh, s gi khng ni, chng khc g con d m by lang si mun n ti nut sng. Sau hi tranh ot, Lu B ly c ch chu, Tn, To ht hng. T y hnh thnh ba nc theo th chn vc. Chng ta u bit, Lu B th yu nht trong ba nh, chim hu bn qun Kinh chu cng l ni ngho kh nht. Nhng ngi mnh th v khng, ngi yu li c, v sao nh vy? C bn nguyn nhn. Th nht, Tn Quyn c kh khn. Sau khi ly Thc, Tn Quyn c hai con ng. 1- Ln bc qua An Khang vo Hn Trung. 2- Theo ng nam dc theo Trng Giang, Ty tin. Nhng hai ng ny u b tc. Theo ng nam phi i qua a bn ca Lu B; ln min Bc, To Tho khng chp nhn. Tn Quyn c bin php l lin hp vi Lu B, cng nhau ly Thc. Theo Tam quc ch - Tin ch truyn, lc Lu

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B, em r ca Tn Quyn thng lng vi th h, c ngi bng lng, v nu khng, Tn Quyn s khng th vt qua a bn chng ta, chim lnh ch chu, ch chu l ca chng ta ri (Ng khng th vt Kinh c Thc). Nhng c ngi tn l n Quan li khng ng , n Quan ni: Kinh chu lin hp nh Thc, chng ta nht nh l qun tin phong. Ly c ch chu th tt, nu khng ly c, qun ng Ng mt sau, chng ta lm vo th ba mt u c ch. n Quan ni ng ngh ca Tn Quyn. Lin hp ly Thc ci g? Thc ra ch mun iu Lu B ra khi Kinh chu, ng nhin, Lu B s khng b la. Ngay c khi lin hp ly Thc thnh cng, Lu B cng khng mun. Theo ch dn Hin Thin Thu ca Bi Tng Chi ni: ca Lu B l mun t mnh ly Thc sao c th hp tc cng Tn Quyn? C iu lc khng th c ti vi Tn Quyn. V ri n Quan li hin k, chng ta ng h Tn Quyn nh Thc, nhng khng ra qun. Cho hay chng ta va ly bn qun, tnh th cha n nh, khng th khinh sut manh ng v chc h cng khng dm vt qua phng tuyn ca chng ta ly Thc. Lu B theo k , qu nhin Tn Quyn vt b nh ca mnh (Tin ch nghe theo, Quyn b k). l cch ni trong Tin ch truyn. Tnh hnh thc t c th cn phc tp hn. Theo li ch dn Hin Xun Thu ca Bi Tng Chi v chuyn , by gi Lu B c th tr li Tn Quyn, nu ra hai l do khng th nh Thc. 1- Thc dn giu nc mnh, d gi kh ly, e l Ng Khi, Tn V cng kh i ph. 2- Qun To Tho ln mnh cn , Kinh Ng cn phi lin hp vi Thc (Lu Chng) vi Hn (Trng L), khng th To Tho c c hi. Lu B ni, To Tho tuy l gian tc d tm to ln (khng coi vua ra g), nhng b ngoi vn l tn phng thin t, v danh ngha vn l thn t i Hn (c ting l th vua), c u th v mt chnh tr. C ngi ni: To Tho tht li Xch Bch, sc cng lc kit, hng tm trng kh mt sch, k thc khng phi. Nay, To Tho thin h chia ba c hai phn, li ang chun b cho nga ung nc bin c, xem duyt binh Ng Ci, sao c th ngi nh ch cht (u chu ngi yn n lc gi)? Nu chng ta cng Lu Chng, Trng L tn st ln nhau, To Tho nht nh s nhn yu m vo, y khng phi l k lu di. ng nhin l Tn Quyn khng n phi b, vn c Phn V tng qun Tn Du n ng qun H Khu. Tt nhin, Lu B s khng Tn Du i qua, v thi hnh ng li cng nhu. Theo Tam quc ch - L Tc truyn, Lu B li gi th cho Tn Quyn, ni: Lu B ti v Lu Chng u v tn tht i Hn, ng tm hp hip lc ph tr vng triu i Hn. Nay Lu Chng c ti vi tng qun, Lu B ht sc lo s, mong tng qun rng lng khoan dung. Cn nh vic nh ly ch chu, Lu B ny thc khng th nghe theo. Nu tng qun khng tha cho Lu Chng th Lu B nh phi xo tc vo ni n c.

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ng nhin ch l ci kim giu trong bc, i i vi n phi c nhng hnh ng qun s tng ng! Lu B phi Quan V ra ng qun Giang Lng, Trng Phi ra T Quy, Gia Ct Lng ra Nam qun, cn mnh th n Chim Lng. Tn Quyn hiu, lin Tn Du lui qun. Nhng khi Tn Du va i khi, Lu B c nh lun ch chu. Kin An nm th XVI (Cng nguyn nm 211), Lu B dn qun vo Thc. Theo Tam quc ch - L Tc truyn, Tn Quyn bit tin chi m ln, ni Lu B l gio hot dm dng gian k ( mi r dm di tr). Trn lp trng ca ring mnh, Tn Quyn ni vy. Nhng vi lp trng ca Lu B c th l binh khng th khng di tr. Khng h c chuyn trng ngha hay khng, thnh thc hay khng. Khng th ni ch chu l ni Tn Quyn cn ly, Lu B khng th ly? Ch c iu Tn Quyn mun ly ch chu l rt kh khn, cn Lu B th thun li hn nhiu. Lu B tuy c thun li, nhng ch chu l ca ngi khc, sao c th mun ly l ly c ngay? Cn phi ni ti nguyn nhn th hai m Lu B c trong tay - Lu Chng n hn. Qu thc Lu Chng tng i n hn, hoc ni l tng i n ha, nhu nhc. Lu Chng ging Lu Biu ch mun gi ly ba tc t ca mnh. Nhng bt hnh l c hai u ging nhau, u khng gi c. Theo Tam quc ch - Tin ch truyn, Kin An nm th XVI (Cng nguyn nm 211), Lu Chng nghe ni To Tho mun Ty chinh Trng L (thc tnh l mun M Siu, Hn Toi lm phn, ni tp Gia ng phi b), cm thy hoang mang lo s. Lc b h l Trng Tng chy n ni, To cng l v ch thin h! Mt khi li c thm qun nhu v qun lnh ca Trng L, ti nh ch chu, th hi ai l ngi chng c ni? Lu Chng ni: khng thy ta cng ang rt bun sao? Trng Tng ni: c th da vo Lu D Chu. Lu D Chu l ngi nh ca tng qun, l i th sng cht vi To Tho, li gii dng binh, chi bng mi ng ta i nh Trng L. nh xong Trng L, ch chu s hng mnh, s g To Tho n nh. Lu Chng thy c l, nn nghe theo Trng Tng, c Php Chnh em bn ngn qun, nghnh n Lu B. ca Trng Tng ch c li cho bn ngoi, ch t cng l kin chng hay ho g! Lu B vn l thin h kiu hng, ai m chng bit, mi Lu B vo Thc, chng phi l dn si vo nh? Bc u cng l mi thn d, tin thn kh. V vy nhiu ngi lo ngi, nhiu ngi phn i. Theo ch dn Linh Lng tin hin truyn v Lu Chng truyn trong Tam quc ch - Hong Quyn truyn, Lu Ba truyn, Hong Quyn v my ngi ra sc can ngn Lu Chng thi hnh k . Hong Quyn ni: T tng qun (ch Lu B) tng ni ting, tng qun mi ng y n, th hi phi i i th no? Coi l b h chng, ng ta khng va (nh gp b h, chc s bt mn); ngi ngang hng chng, trong mt t nc khng th c hai vua (mun i nh tn

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khch, mt nc khng th c hai vua). Hai anh hng snh vai, i phng vng nh Thi Sn, cn ta nh qu trng chnh vnh (nu khng yn nh Thi Sn th ch nh qu trng xp chng), ng bao gi dng k . Lu Ba cng ni: Lu B l ngi c hng tm trng kh vo tt c hi khng nn mi. Cn mt ngi na l Vng Ly, Vng Ly rt kin quyt d c phi ng di ca chu cng can gin. V theo Hoa Dng ng ch, cui cng th Vng Ly t vn di ca chu, lm r. kin ca Hong Quyn, Lu Ba, Vng Ly r rng l ng, nhng Lu Chng bt tai khng nghe. Thc k l! D Lu Chng n hn ti u cng khng th h ti mc khng hiu rng nhng li ni l ng, v sao vn c nht nht lm theo? Th ra Lu Chng cn c tnh ton khc. Theo Tam quc ch - Lu Chng truyn, Trng Tng cn ni na vi Lu Chng, lc ny cc tng trong chu nh Bng Hy, L D u cy cng ngo mn cn mun thng vi ch lm lon (c khc). Nu chng ta khng mi Lu D Chu n, th mt khi ch nh ngoi, dn nh trong, phin phc to. Cu ni nh ng tim en ca Lu Chng. i vi ch chu chnh quyn m Lu Chng v ngi cha Lu Yn dng ln vn l chnh quyn ngoi lai. Khi Lu Yn vo Xuyn, thn bng c hu i theo rt nhiu. Lu Yn coi nhng ngi ny l ct cn, cn bin ch nhng ngi t Trng An, Nam Dng theo n thnh i ng gi l ng Chu binh, hnh thnh Tp on ng Chu ca Khch tch. ng thi tng lp s tc a phng cng hnh thnh tp on ch chu ca Th Trc. Mu thun gia hai tp on ny rt ln. Lc Lu Yn cn sng phi trn p h. Sau khi k v, Lu Chng cng phi trn p, nhng vn khng yn. V vy Lu Chng mi nghe theo Trng Tng, ng nh li ca ngi L T Min trong Tn Hn s, v lo c ni lon (ch tng trong Thc c th gy ha bt c lc no), nn mi mong c Lu B trong tn tht ra tay gip . Nhng v duyn v c mi Lu B n th e mi ngi s sinh nghi, v vy mi mn c i nh Trng L. i vi Lu Chng m ni, th l nht c lng tin, ch c li khng c hi. Lu Chng ngh nn Lu B i nh Trng L. nh xong, Lu s phi i Hn Trung. Trng hp Trng L bi phn th Hn Trung cng chng cn. Trng L chim Hn Trung chi bng giao Hn Trung cho Lu B. Lu B l i th sng mi ca To Tho. ng ta trng coi Bc mn th ch vic k cao gi m ng. Hn na Hn Trung v Thc qun tuy cng mt chu nhng li c chnh quyn ring. Lu B Hn Trung, mnh Thc th lm g cn chuyn mt nc khng th hai vua nh Hong Quyn ni. Ngc li cn c th da gim, h tr, gip ln nhau hnh thnh mt lc lng c th uy hip (tng Thc) bn trong, (To Tho) bn ngoi. V vy, ngi L mi ni: vi Chng th l k hay.

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Tic l tnh hnh li khc hn. Lu B vo Xuyn, khng nhng khng gip Lu Chng trng coi nh ca m ngc li n ti nut sng Lu Chng. Xt v c bn, Lu Chng khng nn c ngh li dng ngi khc. Anh li dng ngi ta, ngi ta khng bit li dng anh? Anh tnh ton vi ngi khc, ngi khc khng bit tnh ton vi anh? Li dng ngi khc tt b ngi khc li dng, tnh ton vi ngi khc tt b ngi khc tnh ton li, kt qu ca vic dn si vo nh nht nh l chi vi la s b la thiu. Tng c nhng bi hc v iu ny. Xa khng ni, gn l vt xe ngi trc, H Tin, Vin Thiu a ng Trc vo Lc Dng. Cui cng vn l, lm ngi phi thnh thc, khng nn coi ngi khc l xc pho. Nhng li ni ti vic c th ca Lu Chng, Lu Chng tnh sai v c hai iu khng ngh ti. iu th nht khng ngh ti, u ng Lu B khng nghe theo s ch huy ca mnh. iu th hai khng ngh ti. Trng Tng v Php Chnh vn chng phi l i trung thn g, t lu h c dng ch chu cho Lu B. Trng Tng cm ght To Tho nn cu kt vi Lu B; Php Chnh cu kt vi Lu B v bt mn vi Lu Chng. Kin An nm th XIII (Cng nguyn nm 208), Trng Tng c Lu Chng c i gp To Tho t thin ch, kt qu l xi quy, b x nhc. T Trng Tng lun ni xu To Tho v ch trng lin hp vi Lu B. Php Chnh th lun khng hi lng khi bn Lu Chng. Trong Tam quc ch ni r va khng c dng va b ngi trong chu phi bng, ni m khng lm, thc bt c ch, cng tc l Lu Chng khng trng dng, phe Th trc v khch tch u k xu, Php Chnh rt bt mn. Trng Tng b To Tho lm nhc, Php Chnh bt mn v Lu Chng, hai ngi thn thit vi nhau v u cho rng Lu Chng chng nn cm cho g (Lu Chng s chng lm c g), h tr thnh ni tuyn ca Lu B ch chu, dng c bn cho Lu B. Ai em dng tm bn ? Tam quc din ngha, theo ch dn Ng th ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Tin ch truyn ni l Trng Tng, nhng cc nh hc thut li cho hay, my iu ghi trong Ng th khng ng tin cy. T tr thng gim kho d ca T M Quang ni: Trng Tng khng h gp Lu B, trong Lu B truyn ca ngi Trng Tc Diu cng ni: my truyn k trong Tam quc din ngha u khng tn ti. Vy c kh nng Php Chnh dng tm bn . Sau khi t ch To Tho v, Trng Tng lun ch trng phi kt hp vi Lu B v c Php Chnh lm ngi lin lc. Theo Tam quc ch Php Chnh truyn, Php Chnh t ch Lu B tr v, lun ca tng Lu B hng ti i lc (ni Tin ch l hng lc) vi Trng Tng. Hai ngi ngm bn nhau tn Lu B lm vua (cng mt bn, nguyn cung phng). C th l ln ny, Php Chnh dng bn . Xem ra, ln ny Lu Chng c Php Chnh em bn ngn qun nghnh n Lu B vo Thc, khng ch l dn si vo nh m cn l mang l vt ra tn ca. Theo Tam quc ch - Php Chnh truyn v T tr thng gim, Php Chnh gp Lu B.

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Php Chnh ni: bng vo s anh minh ca tng qun, c thm bn Trng Tng lm ni ng, i ph vi Lu Chng nhu nhc, hon thnh i nghip chng d nh tr bn tay sao? Lu B nghe li Php Chnh nhng cn do d (B nghi cha quyt). Li c thm Bng Thng n hn vo. Bng Thng t S Nguyn, ngi Tng Dng. Tam quc ch ni: Bng Thng tng l b h ca Lu Biu. Giang Biu truyn ni: Bng Thng cn l b h ca Chu Du, chc v u l Cng to. Cng to l quan vn lo chuyn hng ngy. Sau khi Lu B nhn chc Kinh chu mc, Bng Thng n vi Lu B l tng s kim chc huyn lnh Li Dng, vn l mt bin s vin, v sau b bi quan. Theo Tam quc ch - Bng Thng truyn, by gi L Tc c th gi Lu B ni: Bng Thng khng ch lm huyn quan, m nn trng dng mi c c th hin ht ti nng. Gia Ct Lng cng ni nh vy. Lu B mi ni chuyn vi Bng Thng, thy r i kh, lin Bng Thng v Gia Ct Lng m nhim chc v quan trng (cng Lng l qun s Trung lang tng), thn cn i ng ch di c Gia Ct Lng (thn i thp nhiu so vi Gia Ct Lng). Vic ny c my im ng ng. Th nht, theo Tng Dng k ca Tp Tc X ngi Tn, ngi Bng c tng ni: Gia Ct Lng l Nga Long, Bng Thng l Phng S. Tam quc din ngha mn li ngi Thy Knh ni: hai ngi c mt l c th yn thin h, nhng sao lc h ch Lu B, i ng ban u li khc bit n nh vy? Th hai, Lu B l ngi cu hin nh kht nc, khi nghe ni Nga Long, Phng S sao c th xem thng Bng Thng? Th ba, ngi u tin tin c Bng Thng vi Lu B sao li l L Tc? V sao sau khi L Tc tin c Gia Ct Lng mi c li vi tin ch? Trong Lu B truyn ca Trng Tc Diu hi vn ny. C iu chng ta cng khng r lm, c nhiu kh nng l cch ni trong Tng Dng k khng chun xc. Nga Long th c, nhng Phng S th khng. Trong thc t cng khng th xt Bng Thng ngang Gia Ct Lng. Bng Thng ch c cng gip Lu B ly c ch chu. Theo ch dn Cu Chu Xun Thu v T tr thng gim ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Bng Thng truyn, Php Chnh hin k, Lu B do d, Bng Thng lin ra sc c v. Bng Thng ni: Kinh chu ny (ch bn qun Kinh chu Lu B ang c) va khng giu c va khng ln mnh, cn tin khng c tin, cn ngi khng c ngi, mt ng c Tn Ng, mt bc c To Tho, rt kh hnh thnh nn th chn vc. ch chu nc giu dn mnh, hng trm vn dn, dn khe nga mnh chi dng, mun thnh i nghip tt phi c n. Lu B vn lng l, ni: khng c u! Nay th ca To Tho nh nc v la vi chng ta. To Tho gay gt, chng ta phi khoan ha; To Tho tn bo, chng ta phi nhn t; To Tho gian tr, chng ta phi trung hu. Tng vic chng ta phi khc vi To Tho mi thnh cng (phi ngc vi Tho, vic mi thnh). Nu ch v

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mt nguyn nhn nh m tht tn vi thin h th khng nn lm! Ngi Trng Tc Diu cho l ni khng tht lng. Cn ti th cho l na gi na tht. Theo Gia Ct Lng, ly ch chu lm cn c, thc hin m c thnh b nghip, hng Hn tht, c th coi l chuyn nh c sao? R rng l vic ln! Nhng Lu B vn thy vng, l thc, bi Lu B lun tng phn vi To Tho - Tho ly cp, ta ly khoan; Tho ly bo, ta ly nhn; Tho ly gian, ta ly trung. Ch ly lm ng t, c ngha ngang nh ch mn. Tc l Lu B ly ngc vi Tho lm tiu chun, lm sch lc. Lc ny Lu Chng mi, mun ta gip , nu ta dit h th n ni sao y. C iu theo quy hoch ca Gia Ct Lng, trc sau g cng phi ly ch chu. Vic Lu Chng mi, khng th ni y khng phi l c hi. Hung h, ng nh li Gia Ct Lng ni trong Tam quc ch - Php Chnh truyn, lc Lu B b kp gia To Tho v Tn Quyn, bn cnh cn c Tn phu nhn nhn ng, c nhiu kh khn, khng th khng pht trin v hng ty. V vy, Lu B va mun lm, li va phi suy ngh. V l , khi ghi li my li ny T M Quang sa i mt cht, t cu ph nh cha thnh cu phn vn, khng cn l Ta khng ly m l lm sao y, c th ni l tinh t v chun xc. Bng Thng hiu r nhng suy ngh , nn gip Lu B gii ta c nhiu iu. Bng Thng ni: phm l vic phi c ng li, c quyn lc, khng nn c c chp (lc quyn bin khng th ch ni mt cu l xong). Thn tnh nhc tiu, cng kch ngu mui, l iu mun thu. Ch cn phong cho h mt nc ln, th l xng ng ri! Nay chng ta khng ly, sm mun g ngi khc cng ly. Ni vy l c v lp ming em, giu bm leo. Cp t ngi khc cn gi l bo ngha, khng tht tn, ng l cch ni ca l cp. K thc th Bng Thng hon ton c th ni nng hay ho hn. Bng Thng c th ni, ngha, khng th khng cn, khng th khng ni ti. Nhng cng c nhiu loi ngha. C chnh ngha, c o ngha, c tn ngha, c tnh ngha, khng th lm c tt c cc iu . Nu khng th cng lc c c va tay gu va tay c, th nn b ngha nh m ly ngha ln. Chng li gic To, hng ph Hn tht, bnh nh thin h, l ngha ln. So snh mt cht, n ngha vi Lu Chng l ngha nh. o l ln qun o l nh. V s tn vong ca thin h, nh phi ng ti Lu Qu Ngc. V ci chng ta mun l t ch khng phi l u ca Lu Chng. Hn na, i vi tng qun Qu Ngc, b To Tho thn tnh khng bng nhng cho chng ta, ch t chng ta cng c x tha ng hn! C iu Bng Thng khng ni nh vy v Lu B cng khng hi thm. Xem ra ci m Lu B cn lc chnh l cu ni ny. Ch cn ni qua thi hoc bn thn thy c l xong. V ng l hm nay khng ly, ngi khc s c li. V Lu Chng cng chng th gi c ch chu. Nu vy To Tho, Tn Quyn chim, khng bng Lu B ta chim! i vi pha Tn Quyn cng d gii thch. V ln ra

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qun ny khng phi chim a bn, m l c mi n gip Lu Chng, ch t v danh ngha l nh vy. Ri vo thng mi hai nm Kin An nm th XVI (Cng nguyn nm 211), Lu B Gia Ct Lng, Quan V, Trng Phi gi Kinh chu, Triu Vn lo hu cn, cn mnh v Bng Thng dn qun ngc dng ln pha ty, tin v pha ch chu. Do trc c li mi ca Lu Chng, nn Lu B Ty tin trn ng c treo n xanh. Theo Tam quc ch, Lu B nhp cnh nh v nh, tin vo nc khc nh v nh mnh. Lu Chng thn t Thnh n huyn Ph (nay l th trn Cm Dng, T Xuyn) nghnh tip, ch khch vui mng gp mt. Lun Chng cn gip Lu B rt nhiu vt t. Theo Tam quc ch - Tin ch truyn, Lu B lc hn ba vn qun, xe gip binh kh vt t rt nhiu i ph vi Trng L. Vy Lu B i cha? Cha. Lu B nhn xong vt t ca Lu Chng th a qun ln bc, n huyn Ph ca Lu Chng v vng Gia Manh (nay l vng bin Qung Nguyn, T Xuyn), gip ranh gia Bnh Dng quan v Trng L th dng li. Lu B dng Gia Manh lm g, liu c tin nh Trng L hay khng? Phi ni ti nguyn nhn th ba khin Lu B thnh cng. Lu B tht li hi. Nh trn ni, Lu B t lu mun ly ch chu. Lu B v Gia Ct Lng bn chuyn ny Long Trung. Nay c thm c hi l li mi ca Lu Chng. Li khuyn ca Php Chnh, Bng Thng nh thm gi pht c. Nhn li thy Lu B khng h l mt nh chnh tr. Trng Tng, Bng Thng ch c coi l chnh khch. Theo Tin ch truyn v Bng Thng truyn trong Tam quc ch, lc hai h Lu gp mt huyn Ph, Trng Tng v Bng Thng kin ngh Lu B nn git lun Lu Chng (Php Chnh ni li, Trng Tng l vy). Lu B ni vi Php Chnh y l vic ln, khng th lm ba, cn ni vi Bng Thng va vo nc ngi, n tn cha ln, khng lm nh vy, v mt chnh tr, Lu B cao minh hn cnh Trng Tng v lu li Gia Manh ti ri n c, thu phc lng dn, ch i thi c. C hi ni n l n. Theo Tam quc ch - Tin ch truyn, thng mi Kin An nm th XVII (Cng nguyn nm 212), To Tho Nam chinh Tn Quyn. Thng mi hai, Tn Quyn cu cu Lu B. Lu B lin vit th cho Lu Chng ni: Tn Quyn vi mnh nh mi vi rng, Quan V Kinh chu th n lc mng, Trng L bt qu ch l tn gic c th khng ng ngi, nn nh Lun Chng cp cho mt vn binh m, qun trang qun dng tr v cu vin Kinh chu. Lu Chng vn nghi ng vic lm ca Lu B Gia Manh, nay li ni mun i v ng nn li cng nghi. V vy Lu Chng ch cho bn ngn qun, nhng th khc u gim mt na. c tin, Trng Tng tht kinh, lin vit th cho Php Chnh ni: vic ca chng ta sp thnh

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cng, sao li c th b i (i s sp thnh, v sao li b i)? Kt qu b anh trai l Trng Tc thi th Qung Hn t gic. Lu Chng cho giam Trng Tng vo ngc v chm u. Vi s h nghi ca Lu Chng v s nng vi ca Trng Tng, Lu B c c nh Thc. By gi, Bng Thng a ra thng, trung v h ba sch cho Lu B. Thng sch l chn la tinh binh, ngy m hnh qun, t kch vo thnh ; h sch l lui v Bch cng c Kinh chu, tnh k lu di. Lu B thc hin trung sch, git tng gi ca Bch Thy (nay l bin tri Qung Nguyn, T Xuyn) ca Lu Chng, sau quay li nh mnh vo huyn Ph. Thng nm, Kin An nm th XVIII (Cng nguyn nm 213), t huyn Ph, Lu B Quan V gi Kinh chu, Gia Ct Lng, Trng Phi, Triu Vn a qun vo Thc, chia nhau chim t. Ma h, Lu B cng ph Lc Thnh (nay thuc pha bc Qung Hn, T Xuyn) ri hi qun cng Gia Ct Lng, Trng Phi, Triu Vn, tin vo Thnh . Lc ny M Siu sang hng Lu B, Lu Chng tr thnh c trong chu. Theo Tam quc ch - Lu Chng truyn, by gi Lu Chng ni: cha con chng ta hn hai mi nm nay ch chu, cha c n c g vi dn, nay trm h li phi kh s trong ba nm chin tranh, lng ta thc khng n! Lin cho h m cng thnh u hng. Cc s gia nh gi khc nhau vic Lu B ot ch chu, ui Lu Chng v Lu Chng nhc nh u hng. Phn ti, ti c cng quan im vi ngi Trng Tc Diu trong Lu B truyn. Lu B lng d lun n hn v phi dng nhiu th on b i ot ch chu, ui Lu Chng, nhng xt v i cc cng khng ng trch. Lu Chng chu nhc u hng nhn dn trnh c tai nn ca chin tranh, ngi i sau li trch l yu ui, v nng. Khng th trch ngi l nhu nhc. i vi nhn vt lch s cn phi c s ng tnh ca lch s. y c th b sung thm hai s liu. 1- Theo Tam quc ch - Bng Thng truyn, sau khi chim xong Ph huyn, Lu B m tic chc mng, ung ru lm vui, cn ni vi Bng Thng: hi hm nay c th coi l vui lm!. Bng Thng ni: chim a bn ngi khc lm vui, e khng phi l qun nhn ngha? Lc ny Lu B say, lin ni gin ni: V vng nh Tr, trc ca sau ma, l no cng khng phi l ngi nhn? Ra ch khc! Lc sau Lu B cm thy khng tha, lin triu Bng Thng tr li. Bng Thng cng khng xin li, ngi xung lun, li n ung nh thng. Lu B hi, va ny ai sai? Bng Thng ni: qun thn u sai. Lu B ci m ln v tip tc ung ru lm vui. 2- Lc Lu B tin cng Thnh , c ngi tn l Trnh kin ngh Lu Chng phi cng c thnh tr, di dn, lm vn khng nh trng nhng Lu Chng khng ng . Lu Chng ni: ta c ch an dn, cha nghe chuyn phi ng dn trnh ch. Kt qu, ton b kho tng, ma mng dc ng i, u thuc v Lu B. Nn nhn nhn th no hai s kin , tin rng c gi s xt r. Tm li,

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Lu Chng dn si vo nh, Lu B nhn yu m vo l nguyn nhn ch yu khin ch chu phi i ch. Cn mt nguyn nhn na gip Lu B thng li, To Tho sai lm. To Tho ly Thc phi qua ng bc. Mun th trc tin phi tiu dit M Siu, Hn Toi, Trng L, ly Hn Trung. y l kh khn ca To Tho. Nhng tnh ton cha v Lu B th khng th khng ni l sai lm. Lu B cn ba nm ly Thc. To Tho khng c bt k mt ng tc no (v d hn ch vic quy nhiu), ngc li cn giu v dng oai vi Tn Quyn. To, Tn nh trai, c tranh nhau, ng ng Lu B c li, y coi nh l nhn yu m vo! Lu B ly xong ch chu, Tn Quyn bit ngay l vic ln hng. Tn Quyn chi Lu B l bi tn bi ngha, cn cho ngi n i li Kinh chu. Nh vy Lu B mn Kinh chu ca Tn Quyn? Lu B mn nh th no, v sao Tn Quyn li cho mn, by gi c i c khng? Nu nh i khng c th s ra sao? Tp th ba mi hai: M MU THNG TRNG MT Trong thi gian trn chin Xch Bch, Tn Quyn v Lu B kt thnh lin minh chng k th chung. l nguyn nhn quan trng hn ch ch, ginh thng li. Nhng y l nguyn nhn khng bn vng. Mt khi k ch uy hip mnh th tm thi ha hp; lc li ch hai bn pht sinh mu thun, lin minh lun c c b v. Thc t, ngay trong k trng mt, nhng ngy vui v ca hai nh Tn, Lu, rt nhiu m mu chnh tr ln lt xut hin. Vy, pha Tn Quyn s dng mu k g i vi Lu B? Nh phn trn ni, trn chin Xch Bch kt thc bng tht bi ca To Tho, Tn Quyn v Lu B tha c khuych i kt qu thng li ca mnh. V ngay trong nm Lu B ly xong bn qun: V Lng, Trng Sa, Qu Dng, Linh Lng, c Gia Ct Lng l qun s Trung lang tng, tng c ba qun Trng Sa, Qu Dng, Linh Lng lo vic thu m ly tin sung qun. Chu Du qua i vo nm ny, thng mi hai nm sau ph xong Giang Lng. Lu B dng biu triu nh, tin c Tn Quyn Hnh xa k tng qun, nhn T chu mc, Tn Quyn ng Lu B chc Kinh chu mc, cn g em gi cho Lu B, lin minh Tn, Lu bc vo thi k trng mt. Nhng y li l k trng mt y m mu. Trong thi gian ny c ba s kin ng ch , Tn Quyn g em gi, Chu Du xut chiu c, L Tc cho mn Kinh chu. T ba s kin ny thy r quan h gia Tn, Lu l mong manh. Trc tin, ni ti s kin th nht - Tn Quyn g em gi.

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Tn Quyn g em gi l m mu chng? Thc kh ni. Tam quc din ngha ni l mt m mu, cn ni l ch ca Chu Du. Khng Minh on bit m mu , v tng k tu k, th ri Lu Huyn c ng phng n i, Chu Cng Cn xin li phu nhn v lui qun. Nhng l din ngha, tht kh tin. Cn v on hn nhn ny, Tam quc ch - Tin ch truyn ch vn vn c my ch: (Lu) K m cht, mi ngi a Tin ch lm Kinh chu mc, tr Cng An. Quyn hi s, g em gi. Cng An l huyn Cng An, H Bc, vn tn l Du Giang khu, cn l Du Khu. Lu B i tn thnh Cng An. Tr s Kinh chu t ti Tng Dng, nhng To Tho chim Tng Dng, nn tr s chc Kinh chu mc t phong ca Lu B nh phi Cng An. Lu B c c bn qun trong s by qun ca Kinh chu v tuy l bn qun ngho nht, nhung dn d Tn Quyn khng dm xem thng (Quyn hi s), th nn g em gi, tc l mun thng qua quan h hn nhn cng c lin minh. y l tt, t nht cng khng phi c . Hn na cng l bin php c t xa, To Tho v Tn Quyn c loi quan h . Vy, gi l hn nhn chnh tr cn c; gi l m mu chnh tr e khng tho ng. Nu cn, ch c th gi l k mu hoc dng mu. C iu, phn hn nhn c hnh phc khng, i v chng c hp c khng, c th bn xem. t ra th tui tc cng khng hp. Lc Tn Quyn g em gi, bn thn mi hai mi chn tui, em gi mi chng mi chn tui, Lu B bn mi chn tui. V vy, lc kch din ti on ly v, Lu B c Kiu Quc lo bo ly thuc tu nhum cho ru en li. Thc ra khng c vic ny, v Lu B lm g c ru. Tam quc ch - Chu Qun truyn ni rt r: Tin ch khng c ru. Sch cn vit, lc Lu B v Lu Chng gp mt huyn Ph, cng ngi cn c mt ngi na l Trng D. D ru y mt. Lu B cn chm bim ngi ny bng mt cu ni vui, l lng ln che kn c ming cng ni vi cu ni kiu , ca Trng D l khng c lng l ra ci mm ln. Lu B c canh cnh trong lng vic , v sau kim c git Trng D, Gia Ct Lng ra mt cu, nhng cu khng c. Cch ni ca Lu B l, d l hoa lan, nhng nu vng ca, cng phi nh i! ng nhin l chuyn sau ny hoc ch l tnh tit thm vo, chng ta nn ni sang chuyn em gi Tn Quyn! Em gi Tn Quyn nghe ni tn l Tn Nhn. Tn khng c ch m ging bn ngi anh ca mnh: Tn Sch, Tn Quyn, Tn Dc, Tn Khung. Tn Nhn xut thn trong gia nh Tn th, c g cho chu mc Kinh chu, l tiu th s mt Giang ng, l nht phu nhn Kinh chu, nn khng th xem thng. Theo Tam quc ch - Php Chnh truyn, Tn tiu th ti dng mnh, nh my ngi anh. Ngi hu h cnh c hn trm, ai ny cm dao ng thnh hai hng. Mi ln Lu B vo phng ca tiu th th thng l lo lng lm lm. Lm lm, T Hi gii ngha l mt lnh lnh, mt

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lo ngi, mt kinh hi, loi gii thch th ba cng chnh l on vit trn. Tc l, mt ngi tri qua trm trn nh Lu D chu, mi ln vo gp v phu nhn ny u cm nhn mt lung kh lnh, trong lng thy kinh hi. Loi kinh hi ny ni nh ch dn T tr thng gim ca H Tam Tnh l s b ngi khc git. V im ny, Gia Ct Lng v Lu B u r. Vn theo Tam quc ch - Php Chnh truyn, v sau khi nh li on lch s ny, Gia Ct Lng ni: s Tn phu nhn sinh bin ngay bn cnh; cn Lu B Triu Vn gn phng bt trc. Theo ch dn Vn bit truyn ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Triu Vn truyn, by gi v phu nhn ny mnh l em gi Tn Quyn nn v cng kiu ngo. B ta em theo nhiu quan vin v qun lnh ng Ng (nhiu tng Ng, quan binh), t do tung honh bt php. Lu B chng cn bin php no, nh phi Triu Vn - mt ngi nghim chnh, thn trng lm Ni v b trng (nm vng ni v), gip mnh i ph v trng coi Tn phu nhn - con ngi b th thng, vng th ti. S thc cho hay, Lu B, Gia Ct Lng lo lng khng tha. Thng mi hai Kin An nm th XVI (Cng nguyn nm 211), Lu B a qun vo Thc. Tn Quyn c tin chi ra Lu B bi tn bi ngha, cn cho i thuyn i n em gi, Tn phu nhn chun b mang theo c Lu Thin. Nhung v Triu Vn v Trng Phi em qun chn sng, nn vic khng thnh. Vic ny thy trong d s Vn bit truyn, nhng T tr thng gim li tin, nn coi l thc. Theo ch dn Hn Tn Xun Thu ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Tin ch mc hu truyn li ni Gia Ct Lng c Triu Vn i ngn sng. iu ny c trong hi su mi mt Triu Vn chn sng ging li A u trong Tam quc din ngha. R rng, sau khi h Tn c g sang Kinh chu th pha Kinh chu khng thoi mi. ng nh li ngi Trn Nh ng trong Nhn thoi tam phn: Gia Ct Lng lng l ch pha sau, Triu Vn ra vo canh gi mt trc, lc no cng canh cnh trong lng. Ngi em gi h Tn t mnh lm vy hay do Tn Quyn ch dn? Thc chng r rng g c. Nu l sau th cuc hn nhn ny l m mu thng trng mt trm phn trm; cn nu l trc th chng ta khng th khng khm phc Tn phu nhn l bc n nhi anh hng. Trong i tr i dng Tn phu nhn, ngi Chc T Hip ni: n nhn ti trong ba nc, Tn phu nhn l s mt. Tuy nhim v cha hon thnh, nhng tin thoi tu , uy phong mi mt, ly chng nc khc m nh n ch khng ngi, d g mt ngi con gi bnh thng lm c? ng l nh vy. Nhng ti cm thy mt ngi n b nh vy l bt hnh. Ly chng khng t nguyn, li d cng khng phi mnh. Trong thc t khng thy ni ti sau lc tr v, Tn phu nhn s ra sao? ng nhin Tn phu nhn v Lu B khng th li Uyn ng trng phng v ngi khc cng rt kh c c ci gi l Lang Kiu di mng hoc Hn on Lam Kiu.

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Trn thc t, Tn phu nhn khng ch l vt hi sinh ung ph m ngay c vic cp Lu Thin lm con tin, bn pha Tn Quyn cho l h sch, bt c d, cng khng lm c. H vn mun bt Lu B lm con tin. V vy phi ni ti s kin th hai Chu Du ra chiu c. Theo T tr thng gim, thng mi hai nm Kin An th XIV (Cng nguyn nm 204) (cng l thi gian Tng Cn n Chu doanh ngm c ng Chu Du), Tn Quyn g em gi. Nm sau, thng mi hai nm Kin An th XV (Cng nguyn 210), Lu B t n Kinh Khu (th trn Trn Giang, Giang T ngy nay), gp ng cu ln ca mnh l Tn Quyn. Vic ny c ghi trong Tin ch truyn ni: mc ch chuyn i ln ny ca Lu B l mun chc c Kinh chu. Chng ta u bit, sau khi Chu Du ly c Giang Lng, Tn Quyn b nhim Chu Du l Thi th Nam qun, ng Giang Lng. Lc ny, Lu B dng biu tin c Tn Quyn l Hnh xa k tng qun, l T chu mc, Tn Quyn cng ng Lu B nhn Kinh chu mc, Chu Du nhng Lu B vng b Nam, Lu B phi t tr s Kinh chu mc ca mnh Cng An. Nhng Lu B b khng hi lng, nn mi n Kinh Khu tm a bn. Theo ch dn Giang Biu truyn ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tin ch truyn: B thy Du nhng t t, khng an dn, mi theo Quyn mn my qun Kinh chu. l iu ngi ta thng gi l mn Kinh chu. Ni l mn Kinh chu ng cha? Chng ta s ni ti phn sau. Lu B cng khng mun mn Kinh chu, Lu B cn l cn Nam qun, Nam qun khng ch Trng Giang, bc c th nh Trung Nguyn, nam c th tin vo ch chu, l vng t binh gia thng tranh ginh, ng nhin Lu B cng mun c. Nhng Lu B khng tin ni ra nh vy, ch c th ni ti mun c Kinh chu. Ngha l th no? Tc l, hin nay ti chng phi l Kinh chu mc sao? Kinh chu mc phi n lm vic tr s Kinh chu. Tr s Kinh chu u? Tng Dng. Tng Dng thuc qun no? Thuc Nam qun. Nhng hin nay To Tho chim mt Tng Dng. Khng th ti , nh phi tm ni khc Nam qun. Ni no vy? Giang Lng. V Giang Lng l tr s ca Nam qun. Khng n c tr s ca Kinh chu, n tr s ca Nam qun coi l tm c. Vi vy Lu B mi ni cu c Kinh chu. Cng l ni, Lu B mn Kinh chu, k thc l mn Nam qun, mun c Giang Lng. Chu Du chng l g, h mun mn da h. Chu Du phi mt sc gn mt nm mi ly c Giang Lng, sao c th cho Lu B? ng nhin, Lu B mun c Giang Lng cng khng phi l v l, bi Chu Du nh Giang Lng, Lu B c gp sc, li ch dn Ng lc ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Chu Du truyn ni r iu ny. Chu Du khng cho l vy, ming m n ming, d g em cho ngi khc. Khng nhng khng cho m cn quyt ngn Lu B. Theo Tam quc ch - Chu Du truyn, Lu

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B t Cng An n Kinh Khu, Chu Du dng s ln Tn Quyn ni, Lu B c th kiu hng, Quan V, Trng Phi u l tng h, gu, u mun ci mnh ngi khc li dng lu di? Chi bng Lu B n huyn Ng (th trn T Chu, Giang T ngy nay) cp cho nh sang, gi p, Lu B sut ngy chm m trong tu sc. Sau iu Quan V, Trng Phi i, mi ngi mi ni cch bit. Li c mt ngi nh Chu Du ny em h i git gic, cng vic th l xong! Ngc li, nu ct t gip h, h bn nhau nh lc ny th e rng khi gp my ma, h s khng l giao long trong m na. y l chiu c ca Chu Du, nhng tic l khng c thc hin. Ngn Lu B khng kh, nhng ngn Lu B iu Quan V, Trng Phi i th khc g k ngc nm m. Qun lnh thi Tam Quc lun trung thnh vi ch tng. Qun ca L B ch nghe L B, qun ca M Siu ch nghe M Siu, qun ca Quan V, Trng Phi cng ch nghe Quan V, Trng Phi, l no h li nghe Chu Du? ng nhin Quan V, Trng Phi cng khng bao gi phc tng Chu Du. H trung thnh vi mt ngi, l Lu B. Ngh xem, lc trc To Tho i vi Quan V th no? Cui cng Quan V vn b To Tho. Lc ny, li mun giam lng Lu B, cn mun h phi phc tng, th khc g mun tri sp? S rng h s nh ti ot Lu B v. ot khng c, s kt thnh mi t th. V vy, l ch sai lm. C th Tn Quyn cng nhn ra, thm vo l s phn i ca L Tc v nhng ngi khc, nn mi khng thc hin, Chu Du truyn ni: Quyn c To cng bc, mun thu phc anh hng, gp B kh phc, nn mi khng theo. Tn Quyn r rng l sng sut khi quyt nh nh vy. Qua vic ny, v sau Lu B mi thy s. Theo ch dn Giang Biu truyn ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Bng Thng truyn, mt ln Lu B chuyn phim vi Bng Thng, hi: lc trc ng l cng to ch Chu Cng Cn phi khng? Nghe ni khi c ti Kinh Khu, c ngi mun Trng Mu gi c li, c chuyn khng? Ngi g, c ni thng ra xem no. Bng Thng ni l c. Lu B th di ni: lc c chng cn cch no khc! Mun cu xin ngi khc m! V vy khng th khng i, sut na ri vo tay Chu Du. Ngi c mu trong thin h, ngi anh hng kin gn ging nhau. Lc , Khng Minh lun khuyn c ng i, li l rt khn thit, Khng Minh suy ngh thu o v cng. Lc c ngh, chng phi l k th ca Tn Trng Mu phng bc sao? Chng phi h Tn mun da vo c sao? Th mi quyt ch khng nghi na. Nhn li mi thy c tht mo him, khng phi l k vn ton! By gi nhn li, e rng cng l mt nguyn nhn Lu B ot ch chu. Phn trc ni: Lu B t khch thnh ch, ot ch, ui Chng, vic lm c cht m m, nhung Lu B chng cn cch no khc. Khng xy dng c cn c a vng chc cho mnh th kh trnh khi b k khc thanh ton hoc tng c. Ni ti cng, ch trch ci o l thi . Nu l nhng nm thng ha bnh th vi con ngi v ti nng ca Lu B, Lu B c th l vin quan a phng gii.

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Lu B thot ln , Chu Du khng qun v quyt khng thi. K khng thnh, Chu Du li ngh ra k khc v lp tc n Kinh Khu gp Tn Quyn, Chu Du a ra chin lc quan trng: ot Thc (Lu Chng), bnh Trng (Trng L) v lin M (M Siu). Theo Tam quc ch - Chu Du truyn Chu Du ni, vi Tn Quyn, To Tho bi trn Xch Bch ang lo ni b sinh bin, cn sc u nh nhau vi chng ta. Lc ny l c hi tt nht. V vy, mong tng qun ph chun Chu Du v Phn v tng qun (tc l Tn Du con ca Tn Tnh, Tn Tnh l em t ca Tn Kin) cng nhau nh Thc, dit xong Lu Chng s dit nt Trng L. Sau , tng qun Tn Du lu gi ch chu, Chu Du s quay v cng tng qun c th Tng Dng, uy bc To Tho v c th nh c phng bc. K hoch ny, b ngoi nh l i ch vi To Tho, nhng thc t l mun ngm thanh ton Lu B. V nu Chu Du c th ly c ch chu th thng v h du Trng Giang u thuc v Tn Quyn. Lu B b kp vo gia, th d c li hi n my cng chng lm c g. V chng ta cng cha bit, Chu Du s i ng no nh Thc, liu c phi gia ng s quay li nh Lu B? Trong Tn Hn s, ngi L T Min tng ni: k ca Du c th coi l hng. So snh mt cht thy, n gn nh mu k lin Lu ly Thc vy. Tn Quyn ph chun phng n ca Chu Du, Chu Du quay v Giang Lng chun b hnh trang. Nhng thc bt hnh, khi v n Ba Khu (th trn Nhc Dng, H Nam ngy nay), Chu Du lm bnh v qua i lc ba mi su tui. Trc lc lm chung, Chu Du cn dng s ln Tn Quyn ni: Mt l c L Tc k nhim; hai l khng h qun c To, Lu. Theo ch dn Giang Biu truyn ca Bi Tng Chi, Chu Du ni: To cng bc, bin cng khng yn; Lu B nh, khc g nui h. Chu Du coi To Tho v Lu B l hai k th ln ca ng Ng. L Tc li ngh khc. L Tc v Chu Du l b bn thn thit. Trc trn chin Xch Bch, hai ngi c chung quan im, cn phi lin hp vi Lu B, chng li To Tho. Nhng sau , tnh hnh li khc. Chu Du ch trng nut Lu ln mnh, L Tc kin tr lin Lu chng To, th l tp on Giang ng bin thnh hai phi, phi nut Lu Chu Du cm u, phi lin Lu L Tc cm u. Tuy vy, trc lc lm chung Chu Du vn c L Tc thay mnh. l iu khin chng ta lun phi knh trng Chu Du. V th, khng hay sau ny L Tc c bit n n p ngha m thay i thi chng? Lc ny phi ni ti iu kin th ba - L Tc cho mn Kinh chu. Sau khi thay chn Chu Du, L Tc iu chnh chnh sch, thuyt phc Tn Quyn a Giang Lng cho Lu B. gi l cho mn Kinh chu. Phn trc ni, cho mn Kinh chu l cch ni cha tht ng. 1- Lu B u c mun c Kinh

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chu. Lu B mun cng khng c, Tn Quyn cng khng cho. Nam Dng v mt phn Nam qun thuc To Tho, Lu B lm sao c th mn Tn Quyn? Thc t, ci m Lu B mn ch l Nam qun, v l mt phn ca Nam qun l Giang Lng. V vy, khng th ni l cho mn Kinh chu, ch c th ni l mn Giang Lng. 2- C coi l cho mn Giang Lng, nhng cng cha ng, bi v Lu B mun c Giang Lng, nhng khng th gi l cho mn. iu ny c ngi gii thch. Chp Nh S L K - cho mn Kinh chu l sai ca Triu Dc i Thanh ni: th no gi l cho mn? Bn c mt vt no , tm cho ngi khc dng, y mi gi l mn (vt vn l ca ti, tm a cho ngi khc). Vy, Kinh chu cng c, Giang Lng cng c, u l ca Tn Quyn? Khng, Kinh chu vn ca Lu Biu. Lu Biu cht, li thuc v ngi con. V vy, sau trn chin Xch Bch, Lu B dng biu c Lu K l Th s Kinh chu, v cha h ni Kinh chu l ca mnh, v sau Lu K lm bnh, qua i, Lu B c mi ngi c thay th l Kinh chu mc. Theo quan h k tha, Kinh chu phi l ca Lu B. Kinh chu l ca Lu B, Giang Lng v Nam qun ng nhin phi l ca Lu B. Ch v Giang Lng b Chu Du chim, nn mi n i li. V vy, T tr thng gim khng ni l mn Quyn mt s qun Kinh chu m ni l cu c Kinh chu. V vy xt t quan h k tha v quan h thuc quyn, Lu B mun c Giang Lng t Tn Quyn, ch c th ni l i Kinh chu, khng th ni mn Kinh chu. Vy th t u li ni l cho mn Kinh chu? T Tam quc ch - L Tc truyn ni: B n Kinh gp Quyn, cu c Kinh chu, duy Tc khuyn Quyn cho mn, cng nhau chng To. Sau ny L Tc gp Quan V cng ni: vn cho bn nh mn t. Ch dn Giang Biu truyn ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tin ch truyn cng ni: T Quyn mn my qun Kinh chu. R rng y l cch ni bn pha ng Ng. H ni vy l theo l ca h. Trong nhng nm chin tranh, khng cn g l quyn tha k na. Ai ly c vng t no bng v lc th vng t l ca h. Bn mun ly hoc mun i li th phi dng v lc. Lu B khng th dng v lc vi Tn Quyn, nn nh phi nhn nhn ni l mn. ng nhin, chng ta cng khng r lc Lu B ni nhng g? C th l p ng bng my t cu c Kinh chu, v pha Tn Quyn c th hiu l mn Kinh chu. Nhng cng v ch mn , my nt bt, gy mm ho, cui cng ph v lin minh Tn, Lu. Bi v Tn Quyn khng mun cho Lu B mn lu di, v phn mnh, Lu B li khng mun tr. Lu B ngh, Nam qun v Giang Lng vn l ca mnh, sao li phi tr? Coi nh l mn i, nhng l h mn ln. Ngh rng c hai pha Tn, Lu u hiu r ci l . Th l, chng ta li c mt cu hi: V sao Tn Quyn li ng cho Lu B mn Kinh chu?

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iu ch yu l i ph vi To Tho. Theo ch dn Hn Tn Xun Thu ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch -L Tc truyn, lc Lu B n Kinh Khu cu c Kinh chu, Chu ngh giam lng Lu B, L Phm c cng ch trng , L Tc ngc li, khng ng . L do L Tc thuyt phc Tn Quyn l uy lc To cng qu ln, cn c thm lc lng ca Lu B chng li To Tho. Khuyn Tn Quyn cho Lu B mn t cng vi nguyn nhn y, tc l cng c To cng. L Tc truyn cn ni: nghe c tin ny, To Tho ang vit, ri bt xung t. Nhng iu ny tuy c ghi trong chnh s, nhng vn c ngi khng tin. T tr thng gim kho d ca T M Quang ni: e Tho khng s n nh vy. Nhng r rng vic ny l iu bt li vi To Tho! Ngi hi nht l Lu B. Lu B c mnh t chin lc , tin c th nh, lui c th gi. Tn Quyn cng c li (khng li khng lm). 1- Cng c lin minh Tn - Lu, To Tho khng dm tu tin xung pha nam; 2- Gii tr c mi lo t pha sau, c th rnh tay gii quyt vn ni b; 3- Vi danh ngha cho mn t, c th trin khai th lc n cc vng chim ng ca Lu B. iu li th ba ny c ngi Trng Tc Diu k tng tn trong Lu B truyn. Tm li, Tn Quyn v L Tc cho mn Kinh chu chng phi bng d b tt g, hay l thch Lu B. H lun xem Lu B l k th giu mt, chng qua l Lu cn c gi tr s dng. Cng tc l: h cng ging Lu Chng mun Lu B trng nom nh ca gip h. Tic rng bn tnh th ai cng c th g, nhng cch tnh th khc nhau. Tn Quyn c cch tnh ca Tn Quyn, Lu Chng c cch tnh ca Lu Chng, tt nhin Lu B cng c cch tnh ca Lu B. Kt qu ca cc php tnh , Lu B c li, Tn Quyn, Lu Chng u b l. Lu Chng thm hi nht - Cng ty ph sn, thn bi danh lit; Tn Quyn ging mt nhn Lu B to hng k thnh - thu li hai chu (va l Kinh chu mc va l ch chu mc), c voi i tin. Lu B khng nhng khng trng coi nh ca cho Lu Chng m cn quay li ly sch ca Lu Chng. Tn Quyn th khc. Theo Tam quc ch - Ng ch truyn v T tr thng gim, thng nm, Kin An nm th XX (Cng nguyn nm 215), Tn Quyn c Gia Ct Cn l anh Gia Ct Lng n gp Lu B i li Kinh chu. Lu B khng tr, ni: hin ta ang chun b nh ph Lng chu. Ch khi ly c Lng Chu, ta s tr tt c cc vng t Kinh chu cho cc v. Tn Quyn ni: r l mn Kinh chu khng mun tr hay khng tr na, nn c lun quan vin n ba qun Trng Sa, Qu Dng, Linh Lng hin Lu B ang qun l. Lc ny Quan V ang l tng c Kinh chu. Quan V u c chu cnh ? Quan V lin ui lun my vin quan Tn Quyn phi n ra khi bin cnh. Tn Quyn tc gin, lp tc c L Mng a hai vn qun i ly ba qun Trng Sa, Qu Dng, Linh Lng; lnh L Tc a mt vn qun vo gi Ba

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Khu (th trn Nhc Dng, H Nam ngy nay) chng li Quan V, cn mnh th ng Lc Khu (t pha ty nam sng Lc Thu, th trn Gia Ng, H Bc ngy nay) ch huy iu ng. c tin, Lu B bit tnh th cng thng, lin Gia Ct Lng li gi Thnh , cn mnh thng lnh nm vn i qun v chng thng su v ti Cng An, ng thi lnh Quan V thng lnh ba vn qun n ng ch Dng, quyt sng mi vi Tn Quyn. Trc lc vo trn c cuc hi m gia L Tc v Quan V. Theo Tam quc ch - L Tc truyn, lc hai bn quy nh, hai qun cch nhau trm bc, tng ngi xch dao vo hi (khng phi ch c mt mnh Quan V). L Tc trch Quan V, ni: b quc c tt cho qu phng mn t (quc gia ly t cho bn khanh mn), v qu qun va bi trn, li t xa n, khng c ch t chn. Lc ny cc v ly c ch chu th nn tr Kinh chu. Bn ti ch cn ba qun, cc v u khng chu tr! Li va dt, mt ngi bn pha Quan V xen vo ni, t ai trong thin h ch thuc v ngi c c, c ci g l vnh hng bt bin! L Tc nghim mt trch mng ngi , Quan V lin cm dao ng dy ni vi ngi ny, y l iu cha cng suy ngh, ngi hiu ci g! Ri ra hiu cho ngi ra ch khc, hi m khng c kt qu? Thc ra, L Tc ni khng ng. Khi Lu B mn Kinh chu u phi qun bi t xa n, khng cn th g. Ba qun m Tn Quyn i - Trng Sa, Qu Dng, Linh Lng u phi ca ng Ng, m l ca Lu B ly c, vy bng vo ci g m phi tr li? L no ch mn Nam qun th coi l Trng Sa, Qu Dng, Linh Lng cng l mn hay sao? Chnh li ch dn Ng th ca Bi Tng Chi mi c phn hp l. Theo Ng th, Quan V ni: trong trn chin Xch Bch, T tng qun (Lu B) thn ra trn dng mnh chng ch, l no li l cng cc, n mt cht a bn cng khng c, c mt cht bn y li n i? L Tc nghe xong, li chng ch. L Tc, Quan V bn bc chng i ti u, ch cn mt cch gp nhau ngoi chin trng. Chin tranh, chng sp n ra. L Tc rt au kh v chuyn . L lnh t pha lin minh bn ng Ng (Gia Ct Lng l lnh t pha lin minh bn Lu B), L Tc khng mun c kt qu , Gia Ct Lng tn Thnh chc cng khng mun th. Lc ny To Tho ang gip h. Thng ba nm To Tho ty chinh Trng L, thng by tin vo Hn Trung. Tin tc truyn n, lp tc Lu B hiu r lc ny khng phi l lc tr mt vi Tn Quyn, nn phi ngi n cu ha vi Tn Quyn. Tn Quyn cng khng mun giao tranh vi Lu B, nn phi Gia Ct Cn i m phn. Cui cng hai bn i ti tha thun, phn chia Kinh chu ly Tng Thy lm ranh gii. T pha ng Trng Giang, Giang H, Qu Dng quy v Tn Quyn, t pha ty Nam qun, Linh Lng, V Lng quy v Lu B, Nam Dng v Tng Dng

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Nam qun vn thuc v To Tho. Lu B mt khu vc pha ng Tng Thy, nhng trnh c To Tho v Tn Quyn kp nh t hai pha, c th coi l b t i ly ha bnh. Ln tranh u ny, Tn Quyn khng i c Kinh chu, ch n c em gi v, ng nhin Tn Quyn khng cam lng. Hung h trong tp on Giang ng vn cn nhiu ngi mun ot li Kinh chu, nh L Mng. Vy, L Mng l ngi th no? C th thay Tn Quyn ot li Kinh chu khng? Nu c, L Mng s phi lm g? Tp th ba mi ba: O TRNG QUA SNG Vic tranh ginh Kinh chu vo nm Kin An nm th XX c kt thc do Tn Quyn, Lu B tha hip, cng nhau chia t, nhng c hai u khng tha mn. Tn Quyn nghe theo L Mng, ly vic ot Kinh chu lm nhim v hng u; Quan V li li dng mt c hi c li, pht ng chin tranh ot ly Tng Dng, Phn Thnh t tay To Tho. Ba nh To, Tn, Lu m rng cuc u tranh va tr va dng trn c vng Kinh chu. Vy, kt qu ca cuc u tranh nh th no? Kin An nm th XXII (Cng nguyn nm 217), L Tc qua i, L Mng l ngi thay th. y l cu chuyn th v. Phn trn ni, sau trn chin Xch Bch, ni b tp on Giang ng chia thnh hai phi: phi nut Lu v phi lin Lu. Sau khi Chu Du phi nut Lu qua i, L Tc ngi ch trng lin Lu thay th. Sau khi L Tc phi lin Lu qua i, li c thay th bng L Mng, ngi ch trng nut Lu. ng l ba mi nm H ng li ba mi nm H Ty, phong thy lun lu thay i, ting h nut Lu ot Kinh bt u vang dy Giang ng. Vy L Mng l ai, v sao L Mng li ch trng nut Lu ot Kinh? L Mng cng coi nh l bn ca L Tc, h i li vi nhau k ra c nhiu iu vui. Theo Tam quc ch - L Mng truyn, cui nm Kin An nm th XV (Cng nguyn nm 210), Chu Du lm bnh qua i, L Tc thay th, L Tc ng n Lc Khu phi i qua t ca L Mng. By gi, c ngi ngh L Tc phi n cho L Mng. Ngi ni: L tng qun lc ny cng lao, danh ting ngy cng ln, chng ta khng th c x vi tng qun nh trc. L Tc ngh cng phi, i thm L Mng, nhng thc s trong thm tm khng my quan tm. Chng ta u bit, L Mng xut thn bn hn, khng hc hnh, khng c sch. Nu mun dng s, vit th th c c c ngi khc chp bt. Mi ngi lun c cm gic L Mng l k v phu hu dng v mu. L Tc c phn xem thng (c xem nh Mng).

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Nhng ln gp mt ny lm L Tc thy s. L Tc n thm L Mng, L Mng by tic tip n. Sau ba tun ru, L Mng ni: ln ny cc h nhn trng trch, li cnh Quan V, xin hi c nhng mu k g phng bt trc? L Tc vn xem thng L Mng, nn thun ming ni lun, ty c ng bin l c. L Mng ni: c l khng nn! Lc chng ta v Lu B b ngoi nh ngi mt nh, k thc Quan V l h, gu, l no khng c phng b? Cn a ra nm c mu vi L Tc. L Tc nghe xong, b ch ngi n bn L Mng, tay vut lng L Mng ming ni: L T Minh i L T Minh, thc khng ng ti lc ngi anh em ti mc ny! Ri, L Tc vo nh trong bi kin m L Mng, t hai ngi kt thnh b bn thn thit ri mi tm bit. Trong ch dn Giang Biu truyn ca Bi Tng Chi ni t m chuyn ny. Nghe ni khi L Tc s lng L Mng ni: ngi anh em ln , vn tng ng ch bit nh trn! Th ra hc vn cng nhiu, khng cn l Ng h A Mng nm no! L Mng ni: lu khng gp, mi th thay i! i ca (anh c) ngh xem Quan V l ngi nh th no? Cn mn hiu hc, thuc lng T truyn, cng ngh quyt on, hng kh mi mi, nhng cng thanh cao t ph, c ting s nhc ngi khc. i ph vi mt ngi nh vy c th khng cn mt k sch c bit, hn ngi hay sao? Ri hin k cho L Tc. L Tc knh m nhn, gi kn khng l ra. Vy th v sao L Mng c th t mt ngi tr tui th l tr thnh ngi mu lc? Chnh l nh Tn Quyn ch dn bo ban. Theo Giang Biu truyn, Tn Quyn tng ni vi L Mng v Tng Khm, hai ngi lc ny lm quan, cn phi c sch nhiu hn. L Mng ni: vic qun nhiu v k, cn u thi gian m c sch! Tn Quyn ni: c u c mun hai ngi phi l tri thc, l bc s? Cng ch l hiu thm mt cht lch s thi! Hai ngi bn vic chng nh li bn hn c c y? Quang V Nam chinh Bc chin tay khng ri sch, To Mnh c l nguyn lo trong triu m vn ham hc, sao cc ngi khng gng sc? Th ri L Mng bt u c sch, c nhiu hn nhiu nho sinh. L Mng vn l ngi c tr nh tt, thu hiu rt nhanh, l ngi tng tri. Mt khi c sch l thu l l. C iu, ci l m L Mng hiu li khc vi L Tc. L Tc cho rng, To Tho l k th hng u, cn phi hip ng vi Lu B, cng nhau chng gic, L Mng khc . L Mng cho rng: Quan V l mt i anh hng, lun c bng nut Ng pht hin. Lu B lun c li v trn thng du, lin minh vi h s khng lu di, nn ngm c mt k cho Tn Quyn. Theo Tam quc ch -L Mng truyn, mt k ni ti hai vn , 1- i khng vi To Tho c nht thit phi da vo Quan V khng; 2- Quan V c ng tin cy khng? L Mng ni vi Tn Quyn: cha cng c th phi c Tn Hiu ra ng Nam qun, Phan Chng ra Bch , Tng Khm thng lnh mt vn qun tun tra vng thng du Trng Giang, bn

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thn mt tng xin thay cha cng ra ng Tng Dng. Ch cn b qun nh vy th s g To Tho (khng phi lo lng v Tho) h tt cn phi da vo Quan V (khng cn da vo V)? Hn na Quan V khng ng tin. L Mng ni: Quan V l qun thn, kho bit cng ot, phn phc khng lng, khng bao gi c coi l ngi ca mnh (khng c coi nh tm phc). Sm mun g h cng s tr mt vi chng ta. S d lc ny h cn cha ra tay v cn cha cng thn v thnh minh, cn mt tng v nhng ngi khc. Nu lc ny khng hn ch ngay i, ch khi mi ngi chng ta u h ai tai, th cn kp na khng? Tn Quyn thy nh vy l ng, nhng t nhiu cn bn khon v gia Kinh chu v T chu cha bit nn ly ci no trc. L Mng ni: ly T chu th khng kh, nhng kh l c gi c hay khng. T chu l vng t d ly, thch hp k binh min Bc tung honh. Nay chng ta ly T chu th mai To Tho s n cp. E rng by tm vn ngi cng khng gi c. Chi bng tr kh Quan V trc, chim c c vng Trng Giang, th lc chng ta s ln mnh. Tn Quyn cm thy l lun ht sc tinh t. Trn lp trng ca tp on Giang ng, L Mng rt chun xc. Theo Tam quc ch tuyn ch ca ngi Miu Vit, L Mng ni nhng li vo nm Kin An nm th XVI (Cng nguyn nm 211). Lc Lu B vo Thc, nhng cha ly c Thc. Nhng sau khi ly c Thc, Lu B vn khng tr Kinh chu, Tn Quyn cng khng i c, ng l Khng nn coi nh tm phc, cng ng l tp on Giang ng ch c th ot li Kinh chu bng v lc. L Mng sng sut on trc c iu . C iu Quan V vn l Quan V, u mun tr kh l tr kh c, cn c thi c. Nm Kin An th XXIV (Cng nguyn nm 219) mi c c hi. Theo T tr thng gim, thng nm nm , Lu B ot c Hn Trung t tay To Tho; thng by, t xng l Hn Trung vng a qun v Thnh , c Ha Tnh l Thi ph, Trng Phi l Hu tng qun, M Siu l T tng qun, Hong Trung l Hu tng qun. Hng lot nhng tin vui c v tp on Lu B, thm vo , Tn Quyn ang tin cng Hp Ph pha ng, Quan V lin tha th pht ng chin tranh Tng, Phn ot ly Tng Dng v Phn Thnh. Cuc chin ny thc kinh hn lc phch. Lc ny, To Tho va t Hn Trung, lui qun v n Trng An, nghe tin Quan V nh ph Phn Thnh, lin phi T tng qun Vu Cm em qun tng vin. Tng gi Tng, Phn To Nhn Vu Cm v Lp ngha tng qun Bng c gi pha bc Phn Thnh. Vu Cm l tng yu c To Tho ct nhc, Tam quc ch - Vu Cm truyn ni Vu Cm l danh tng ngang

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nh Trng Liu, Nhc Tin, Trng Cp, T Hong, thm ch To Tho cn khen Vu Cm l danh tng c, c th ct nhc. Bng c vn l thuc h ca M Siu hng To Tho trong chin dch V Nam. V vy c phong l Lp ngha tng qun. Theo Tam quc ch - Bng c truyn, trong trn chin Tng Phn, M Siu v vi Lu B, Bng Nhu ngi anh h ca Bng c ang lm vic di trng Lu B, nn tng gi Phn Thnh nghi ng lng trung ca Bng c. Bng c ni: nhn hu n ca t nc, ta nguyn cht ngoi chin trng. Hm nay ta khng git Quan V, th Quan V s git ta. Sau hai ngi giao chin, mt mi tn bn trng trn Quan V, qun lnh ca Quan V u gi Bng c l Bch m tng qun, nghe tn s mt mt. C hai vin tng nh th ny gi mn bc Phn Thnh, c th chng c. Nhng tri xanh khng gip. Thng tm, tri ma nh trt, nc sng Hn Thy dng cao, trn ra ngoi , Phn Thnh b nc l vy kn, Vu Cm cng Tht qun b chm trong nc, gi l thy dm Tht qun. Nhng Tam quc ch - Quan V truyn ch ni Thu, ma ln, Hn Thy ngp trn, Cm cng Tht qun b dm, khng ni Quan V khi nc, cng khng ni Quan V bit trc c l lt. T tr thng gim cng khng ni nh vy. S thc, ci gi l nc dm Tht qun ch l thin tai, Quan V tha c tn cng, kt qu Vu Cm b bt v hng phc, Bng c b bt nhng vn gi ngha. Theo Tam quc ch - Bng c truyn, lc Bng c khng chu qu, Quan V ht li khuyn. Quan V ni: anh tc h ang Hn Trung, bn soi cng mun mi tc h lm tng, v sao tc h vn cha chu hng? Bng c chi m ln, k n bc kia, ni ci qui g th? Ngy vng c trm vn hng binh, uy trn thin h, xa nay v ch. Lu B cc ngi l g ch? L mt k tm thng, khng th l i th ca Ngy vng chng ta! Bng c ta nguyn lm qu ca triu nh, quyt khng lm tng gic! Quan V nh phi git Bng c. Tin tc truyn sang bn To, To Tho nghe m bun n ri l. Vu Cm hng, Bng c cht, tng gi thnh To Nhn au n nh mt c hai tay. Thm vo tng thnh b ngm nc lm sp, qun lnh trong thnh u hoang mang. Theo Tam quc ch - Mn Sng truyn, lc c ngi kin ngh To Nhn, nhn lc th hp vy ca Quan V cha hon thnh, rt khi Phn Thnh khi tri ti, nhng Mn Sng ni: l lt , n nhanh v rt cng nhanh, khng lu u. Quan V , s khng dm tin cng ba, bi v hu phng ca h khng an ton. Nu hm nay chng ta rt th vng t pha nam Hong H ny s khng bao gi l ca triu nh na. To Nhn ni, ng! Mn Sng cho lnh git Bch M cng tng s th ra sc t chin. Va hay lc vin qun ca T Hong ko n, Quan V nh phi lui qun. Tm thi Quan V ngng vic bao vy Phn Thnh, nhng chin tranh khng h kt thc, Quan V cha b qua. i vi tp on Tn Quyn. T lu c quyt tm ot

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li Kinh chu, th y l c hi tt. Bi v Quan V mun cn ming xng cng l Tng Dng v Phn Thnh, i ph vi hai vin i tng To Nhn, T Hong th binh lc phi , mnh. Nhng mt khi iu qun hu phng th Nam qun s suy yu. Nhng nu khng binh lc th tin phng s rt cng thng? y l ch kh ca Quan V. Th l L Mng ni lun vi Tn Quyn, trc ht hy suy ngh cch dn ht qun lnh ca Quan V v pha Tng, Phn, sau nhn yu m vo, m mt nht vo sau lng h. Ngh nh vy l rt ng, nhng vn l tp on Giang ng c th dn c Quan V khng? C th. Thc ra th t lu L Mng dn c Quan V. Theo Tam quc ch - L Mng truyn, tuy L Mng lun ch trng phi tiu dit Quan V, nhng sau khi th chc v ca L Tc, th b ngoi li l thm n dy v kt vi V. Chng ta u bit, nm lc hai qun L Tc, Quan V gn nhau, do gia minh qun cn nghi ng ln nhau (nhiu ln h nghi), hai bn thng tranh ginh bin gii (gy s cng trng), tranh ginh ci c l khng t, nhiu ln L Tc phi ha gii (Tc thng vui v, v v). V vy, L Mng thm n dy, khng lm cho Quan V phi hoi nghi, m cho rng chnh sch ca L Tc ang tip tc thc hin. l chiu th nht ca L Mng - v ha thun. Chiu th hai ca L Mng l v m. vn theo Tam quc ch - L Mng truyn, L Mng dng th ln Tn Quyn, ni: Quan V Bc chinh Phn Thnh nhng vn li nhiu qun, nht nh l s L Mng nh vo sau lng mnh. Mi ngi nghe xong u hiu, L Mng vn ngi khng khe, thng m au lun. Lc ny xin cha cng cho php thn em qun v Kin Nghip tr bnh. Quan V bit tin, tt s iu ht qun Nam qun n Tng Dng. By gi chng ta cho i qun vt sng, hnh qun ngy m, tp kch vo ch khng ngi nh vy s ly c Nam qun, bt sng c Quan V. Th ri L Mng ku mnh bnh nng, Tn Quyn c cng vn, c khng dn kn, triu L Mng v, qu nhin Quan V mc by. Chiu th ba v lm Tn T. C iu L Mng khng thc hin chiu ny m l Lc Tn. Lc Tn t B Ngn, ngi qun Ng, huyn Ng (th trn T Chu, Giang T ngy nay), i i l i tc Giang ng, bn thn l chu r ca Tn Quyn (Quyn g con gi ca Sch cho Tn). Theo Tam quc ch - Lc Tn truyn, L Mng v m tr v Kin Nghip, khi ngang qua Vu h, Lc Tn r vo thm. Lc Tn ni: Quan V phng gi thng du tip gip vi khu vc ca tng qun. Nay tng qun chy ti h du, l no tin phng khng c iu g ng lo ngi? L Mng ni: tc h ni rt ng, c iu bnh ca b nhn qu nng, khng th khng v Kin Nghip tr bnh. Lc Tn ni: tng qun v Kin Nghip tr bnh l iu nn lm, c iu Lc Tn mong rng khi gp cha cng tng qun nn ni r rng. Quan V thng th

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kiu dng anh v si nhc ngi khc. Nht l lc ny, Quan V ang vy khn Phn Thnh, gi hng Vu Cm, git cht Bng c, chin cng huy hong, l lc c ch hi lng. Lc ny h ang ngh ti chuyn Bc pht, chng n chng ta (ngh vic Bc tin, khng nghi chng ta). Nghe tng qun bnh nng, cng coi chng ta chng ra g. Nu nhn y, xut k bt ging cho chng mt n, s tm c chng nh chi. L Mng thm tm cho l phi, nhng y l vic c mt, khng t thi ngay, ch c ni, i ph vi Quan V u c d dng nh th? 1- Quan V anh dng thin chin, ni ting thin h, l uy phong; 2- Quan V chim Kinh chu, n tn ni khp, l uy vng; 3- Quan V va nh bo thng, cc k gan d, l uy lc. Con ngi nh vy, ch s kh m thng. L Mng ni vy, nhng trong lng rt coi trng Lc Tn. Va v ti Kin Nghip, L Mng tin c Lc Tn vi Tn Quyn. Lc Tn Quyn hi L Mng, sau khi ri chc, ai l ngi c th thay th trn th Lc Khu. L Mng ni: Lc Tn thch hp nht v hai l. 1- Lc Tn l nhn ti him hoi, L Mng nh gi Lc Tn tng su sc, c ti nhng cha c ting, cui cng rt c vic. tng ni ti y tc l nim, s suy ngh. Gi l tng su sc cng l ngh su, ngh xa. V i vi chin tranh, Lc Tn quen, thnh thc, ng nhin l ngi c chn thch hp nht. 2- Lc Tn tuy c ti ng trng dng, nhng cha c ting, Quan V s khng nghi ng g V khng nghi, c th tip tc lung lc Quan V. Cho nn L Mng ni: khng c ai thch hp hn Lc Tn (khng ai hn). Theo , Tn Quyn b nhim Lc Tn l Bin tng qun, hu c, thay th L Mng. L Mng c sch lc cho Lc Tn b ngoi th che giu, bn trong lo quan st mi din bin, tc l b ngoi v Tn T, sau lng mi dao. Lc Tn lm ng nh vy. Va ti Lc Khu, Lc Tn bng ht kh nng bin th lun cho Quan V. Li trong th ht sc bng by, nhng t li n gin. Mt l ca tng Quan V, ni chin tch ca tng qun cha h c trong lch s, ngay nh Hn Tn cng khng bng; hai l h thp mnh, ni mnh ch l mt th sinh, cha xng vi chc v ny, mong c tng qun dy bo nhiu; ba l v vui v chc mng, ni thng li ca minh qun l ht sc c li, bn pha Giang ng thy u v tay tn thng; bn l v vnh nhc nh Quan V, ni: To Tho gian ngoan gio hot, tng qun khng nn xem nh, thc t mun dn qun Quan V ra tin tuyn. Ln ny th Quan V mc by, b la. Quan V cm thy bn pha ng Ng i i khc hn nhau. Khi u, tng lnh th qun l Chu Du. Ngi ny hng ti, d si, tic l phi cht sm, l con qu on mnh. Chu Du cht, i thnh L Tc, tuy cng rt li hi nhng l k ha nh. L Tc cht, i thnh L Mng, tuy cng l mt vin chin tng, nhng l mm bnh. Lc ny i l Lc Tn, cha c ting tm

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v l con mt sch. ng l bn pha Tn Quyn ht ci hay, chng ng bn tm. Quan V tng bc iu qun ra pha Phn Thnh. Tin Quan V va rt qun c Lc Tn bo ngay n Tn Quyn, km theo l k hoch vy bt v tiu dit, Tn Quyn cng bt u iu binh khin tng, cn Quan V th hon ton nh ngi ngi trong trng. Quan V khng h bit, b ngoi l mm bnh n ha, khim nhng v con mt sch, k thc l l co lng d lang si; b ngoi l minh qun ang v tay tn thng chin tch Phn Thnh, k thc l k th nhanh chng ang mi dao pha sau. ng nhin Quan V khng h ngh rng, ngi bn ng minh ny ang cu kt vi k th, cng nhau lin hp nhm ly u mnh. Tn Quyn cu kt vi To Tho, khng ch nm ngoi ngh ca Quan V, cn lm cho rt nhiu ngi thy kh hiu. Chng phi Tn Quyn l k th ca To Tho v l ng minh ca Lu B hay sao? Sao c th t th thnh bn vi To Tho, tr mt coi Lu B thnh th? Thc ra trong quan h chnh tr ca nhiu pha, cha h c g l bn vnh vin, l th vnh vin. Trong trn chin Xch Bch, To Tho l mi uy hip ln nht th ng nhin phi lin minh vi Lu B. Nhng lc ny, sau khi Lu B mn c Nam qun, ri ot ch chu, ng Hn Trung, li chim nt Phng Lng (nay l huyn Phng, H Bc) ri Thng Dung (nay l Trc Sn, H Bc), a bn ca Lu B ngy mt ln v ni lin thnh mt di. Nu Quan V ly nt Tng Dng, Phn Thnh s tr thnh mi uy hip ln i vi Giang ng. L chnh quyn ct c vng h du sng Trng Giang, tp on Giang ng khng th c ging mt nhn Lu B, Quan V cng ngy cng mnh trn vng thng du ca mnh. y khng cn l vn nut Lu t mnh m l vn ngn ng Lu t bo v. Nhng, ch vi lc lng ca tp on Tn Quyn th khng ngn cn Lu B. Ging lc Xch Bch, ch c lin hp vi Lu B mi c th chng li To Tho v lc ny ch c lin hp vi To Tho mi c th loi b c s uy hip ca Lu B v Quan V. Va ng lc bn pha To Tho cng ang mong c s lin hp. Ti Phn Thnh, Quan V gi hng Vu Cm, chm u Bng c, va nh va thng ngi ngi u thy, khp ni kinh ng, Tam quc ch - Quan V truyn ni: V uy hip Hoa H, To cng nh v Ha lnh nn. Cng tc l ni: To Tho phi ngh ti chuyn di . Tn Hn s ca ngi L T Min cho rng, ni vy cha hn ng, bt qu ch l li n, nhng s thc th ng l To Tho cm thy cng thng. Bin php tt nht l lin hp vi Tn Quyn, Nam Bc cng kp nh, khin Quan V u ui kh trnh, gi ch n th mt ch kia. y l ch trng ca mt s mu s bn pha To Tho. Theo Tam quc ch - Tng T truyn, lc To Tho bn chuyn di cng b h, T M v Tng T ni vi To Tho, Lu B v Tn Quyn b ngoi l thn mt, thc cht l xa lnh. Quan V c ch, Tn Quyn tt khng

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vui. Chi bng cho ngi n khuyn Tn Quyn nh ln vo pha sau Quan V v ha phong cho Quyn t Giang Nam th Phn Thnh s c gii vy, khi phi bn ti vic di . To Tho thc hin , gi cnh trm ra trc Tn Quyn. Tn Quyn bng lng ngay, cn vit th cho To Tho, ha s nh Quan V bo p triu nh, Tam quc ch - Ng ch truyn ni: xin nh V bo p. Theo Tam quc ch - ng chiu truyn, by gi Tn Quyn bo m vi To Tho, nht nh s a qun ln min ty nh ln Quan V, mong pha To Tho gi kn, phng Quan V c chun b. To Tho hi kin b h, mi ngi u ni phi gi b mt, ring ngi mu su k xa nh ng Chiu li ch trng phi l. ng Chiu cho rng, bo mt l c li cho Tn Quyn, l ra th c li cho To Tho. V sao? Bi v sau khi bit tin, c th Quan V s c hai phn ng. Mt, a ngay qun v cu vin, Phn Thnh lp tc c gii vy, cn c kh nng bn h s nh nhau, chng ta ngi hng li. Nhng con ngi Quan V vn honh hnh b o, phn nhiu s khng chu lui qun ngay. Lc ny nu th qun trong thnh khng bit c cu th rt bt li cho chng ta. V vy, ni bng lng bo mt, nhng thc t li c lm l tin. To Tho hon ton nghe theo, lin lnh T Hong sao th ca Tn Quyn thnh nhiu bn ri bn tin vo Phn Thnh v qun doanh Quan V, cng b tin tc Tn Quyn s ln nh Giang Lng, Cng An. ng Chiu d liu rt ng. Th qun trong thnh c tin, s kh tng bi, quyt tm gi thnh cng ln, cn Quan V th do d, cha quyt. V sao Quan V li lng l? Quan im ca H Tam Tnh trong li ch dn T tr thng gim l Quan V cho rng Tn Quyn khng d ph c Giang Lng, Cng An, thnh tr kin c; cn Phn Thnh b nc l bao vy, nh ming tht n ming, l no phi vt b cng lao c? Thc khng cam lng. Quan V do d, T Hong c c hi. T Hong nhn lnh n cu Phn Thnh, nhng vn n binh bt ng, mt mt v binh lc khng gii vy mt khc thi c cha n. Va kho lc ny To Tho li c thm mi hai doanh na, th l T Hong quyt nh tn cng. Theo ch dn Thc k ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Quan V truyn, lc T Hong v Quan V ang ng xa nhau ngoi chin trng, ni chuyn phim ni chuyn c khng ni chuyn qun, v hai ngi trc y l bn b khi cn di quyn To Tho. Nhng, ch trong nhy mt, T Hong xung nga c lnh cht u Quan Vn Trng, thng ngn cn vng. Quan V ngn ngi, sao i ca li ni nh vy? T Hong ni: y l vic cng. Cng tc l, vic t l vic t, vic cng l vic cng, T Hong lm vic cng quyt khng nng tay. Kt qu, Quan V b nh ti bi, nh phi rt khi Phn Thnh. Phn Thnh c gii vy, nhng To Tho li khng tha thng truy kch. khng phi v To Tho nhn t hoc ngh tnh c m ch mun ngi nhn hai h u

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vi nhau. To Tho tin rng: Tn Quyn mi dao t lu, tt s khng bung tay b cuc. To Tho d liu hon ton chnh xc. Quan V do d, Tn Quyn khng do d. Khng ch khng do d m ng tc nhanh nhn, k hoch t m. Theo Tam quc ch L Mng truyn, sau khi L Mng phng mnh n Tm Dng, nhm che mt ch, tinh binh n trong thuyn ln, binh s mc o trng cho thuyn, bin qun nhn thnh thng nhn, binh thuyn ci trang thnh thng thuyn. Ln tiu dit ht nhng vng gc ca Quan V dc ng v thn khng bit qu khng hay c on n Nam qun. S Nhn gi Cng An, Mi Phng gi Giang Lng. Hai ngi ny va bt mn va s hi Quan V. V vy khi i qun L Mng va ti, h ln lt ra hng. Ch khi Quan V hiu ra, Nam qun thuc v h Tn. y chnh l o trng vt sng. Quan V c tin Nam qun tht th, vi v quay v, nhng tt c mun, L Mng ginh c lng ngi Nam qun. By gi nhn li, thy r L Mng l ngi rt c u c chnh tr. Sau khi vo Nam qun, L Mng v v dn chng, vi chnh sch mm mng nhanh chng n nh c tnh th. Vy L Mng lm nhng g? 1- Hn ch binh s, k lut nghim minh, khng t ho ca dn; 2- Xung vi trm h, hi han tnh hnh, chm sc sc dn; 3- Nim phong kho tng ca Quan V, ch i Tn Quyn; 4- Hu i gia quyn Quan V v cc tng s, thu phc lng dn. Theo Tam quc ch - L Mng truyn, by gi Quan V va lo quay v va lo c ngi n lin h vi L Mng. Mi ln nh v, L Mng lun hu i s gi, h i do trong thnh, c th thm hi tng h tng nh, thm ch cn chuyn h th tn ca ngi nh cho h, khin ty vin ca Quan V bit c gia nh vn bnh an, sinh hot khm kh. Kt qu, Quan V khng v c, b h mt ht ch, khng cn ai mun liu mng v Quan V. Cng lc ny, bn Lc Tn cng khi hon. Tng gi thnh ca Lu B, ngi chy chy (nh Nghi Thi th Phn Hu), ngi bi bi (nh Phng Lng Thi th ng Ph), k hng hng (nh tng Thc Trn Phng). Theo Tam quc ch - Lc Tn truyn, Lc Tn trc sau git, chiu np, c n my vn. Tam quc ch - Ng ch truyn ni, sau khi ly xong Nghi , Lc Tn chim nt T Quy, K Giang, Di o, ng qun Di Lng, canh gi Gip Khu, phng qun Thc tn cng. Theo Tam quc ch - L Mng truyn, khng lu sau, Tn Quyn n Nam qun, lo vic ch huy, m rng mng li, ch Quan V n np mng. Lc ny Quan V trc sau u c ch. Lc Quan V ri khi Phn Thnh, b h ca To Nhn ch trng tha thng truy ui, bt git Quan V, ch c Triu Nghim phn i, ch trng lu gi Quan V lm mi ha i vi Tn Quyn (gi li nhm hi Quyn). Triu Nghim l ngh lang, nhim v l gip (To) Nhn v qun s, To Tho phi Triu n ch To Nhn nhm thc hin ca mnh. V mt

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thc t, ngh ca To Tho v Triu Nghim hon ton ging nhau, Tn Quyn tiu dit Quan V, Lu B s c mi th su vi Tn Quyn. Vy, bn thn To Tho thc hin c cha? Ch i Quan V, s phn s nh th no? Tp th ba mi t: BI V MCH THNH Cuc giao tranh Kinh chu vo nm Kin An th XXIV, do To Tho v Tn Quyn ngm cu kt khin cho tnh th nhanh chng chuyn bin rt c bn. To Tho v Tn Quyn kp nh t hai pha nam, bc, Quan V trc sau u c ch, tin khng th tin, thoi khng th thoi, cui cng tht bi chy v Mch Thnh, hi sinh mng sng, tp on Lu B cng v mt hn Kinh chu. Vy, mt h tng tng uy chn Hoa H v sao phi thm bi? V pha Lu B, ai l ngi chu trch nhim v ln thm bi ny? Tp trc ni L Mng o trng qua sng, nh ln vo Nam qun, gii cu Phn Thnh. Tnh trng Quan V lc ny ni theo Lu B truyn ca ngi Trng Tc Diu l, mt a bn, li mt tng s, mt c lng dn. B mt ba ci, Quan V cng ng, ch cn ci cht. Chng nh Quan V cng hiu c iu ny. Theo Tam quc ch - L Mng truyn, Quan V hiu l mnh th n, lc mng, cng ng mt l (V t bit, c cng), lin chy v Mch Thnh (pha sau huyn ng Dng, H Bc ngy nay), ri li chy khi Mch Thnh. Theo Ng ch truyn, sau khi Quan V vo Mch Thnh, Tn Quyn gi hng. Quan V mt mt v ng , mt khc li dng c lm ngi gi trn tng thnh ri b chy. Trn ng, s binh s b trn cng nhiu, cui cng cn li hn chc ngi (lnh trn nhiu, cn li hn mi k binh). Trong L Mng truyn gi l ty n Chng Hng, chng u b V ra hng, cng tc l t Mch Thnh chy v ty (Ty Bc), khi n Chng Hng (pha ng bc huyn ng Dng, H Bc ngy nay) l b h u b V phn bin u hng. Tn Quyn sm bit Quan V s b chy nn sai Chu Nhin, Phan Chng chn ng. Theo Phan Chng truyn v Chu Nhin truyn trong Tam quc ch, Phan Chng v Chu Nhin tin ti Lm Th (ty bc huyn Vin An, H Bc ngy nay), h tri Gip Thch (ng bc huyn ng Dng, H Bc ngy nay). Thng mi hai, Quan V v con l Quan Bnh cng c Triu Ly b b h ca Phan Chng l M Trung bt, v sau u b git. S sch ghi li ci cht ca Quan V cn cha thng nht. Ai git Quan V, Quan V cht u, mi ngi cn tranh lun. Nguyn nhn tranh lun, v cch ni trong Tam quc ch khng r rng, ti liu ch dn ca Bi, nhiu ch mu thun. Tam quc ch - Ng ch truyn ni: M Trung bt c V v con l Bnh cng c Triu Ly Chng Hng. Tam quc ch - Quan V truyn ni: Quyn sai tng nh V,

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chm V v con Lm Th. Chng Hng v Lm Th l hai a danh. Cn ai git Quan V th theo Quan V truyn phi l Phan Chng - ngi phng mnh i nh V, thm ch dt khot phi l M Trung b h ca Phan Chng. Nhng vn l truyn ny, Bi Tng Chi ch dn Thc k li ni l Tn Quyn quyt nh. Hn na, lc u Tn Quyn khng nh git, ni l V sng, ch li Lu, To. C iu b h u khng ng , ni l si khng th nui, v sau c hi, chng phi To cng khng kp thi tr kh Quan V, nn sut na phi di sao? Lc ny Tn Quyn mi chu git Quan V. Ni nh vy th nhn nh ca Bi Tng Chi l sai. Bi Tng Chi ni: by gi Tn Quyn lnh cho Phan Chng ngn Quan V, h lnh V n l git, ng nhin khi bt c V, lp tc git ngay. V li, Lm Th cch Giang Lng hai, ba trm dm, lm g c chuyn khng git ngay, lm sao cn phi bn nn git hay khng nn git (l no khng git ngay, vic g phi bn vic sng cht)? Ngi Trng Tc Diu cng khng cho iu l ng. Lu B truyn ni: nhim v ca Phan Chng ch l cn ng, khng c quyn git, cc chuyn trong Tam quc ch cng khng thy ghi chp vic Tn Quyn h lnh V n l git. Hn na, t Lm Th hoc Chng Hng n Giang Lng, ng thy cng khng qu trm dm, hon ton c th thnh th. Ngoi ra, ngi Trng cn ly v d trong Tam quc ch Ng Phm truyn bo v quan im ca mnh. Ng Phm c th coi l ngi d bo kh thng tho, ng thng ni my li trc khi c ha, v nhiu phn ng. Tn Quyn v L Mng bn nh ln nh Quan V, nhiu ngi cho l khng th? Ng Phm ni c th. Quan V xin hng Tn Quyn, Tn Quyn hi Ng Phm tht hay gi, Ng Phm ni gi. Tn Quyn phi Phan Chng i cn ng, thm t cho hay Quan V chy, Ng Phm ni chy khng thot. Tn Quyn hi bao gi th bt c, Ng Phm ni tra mai. Tra ngy th hai, gi lm rung tm rm che, Ng Phm v tay ni: V n ri!, trong nhy mt, pha ngoi c ting h vn tu, bo bt c V. Cn c vo , ngi Trng cho rng, chnh Tn Quyn git Quan V. Cch ni ca ngi Trng vn cn phi bn. Ni l V n ri!. Khng c ngha l Quan V b gii n i bn doanh ca Tn Quyn, ch c ngha l bt c. Bi v trc khng th khng c bt k tin tc no v Quan V v va c tin th ngi cng c gii n. Ci gi l bo bt c V, tc l c tin bt c V. Hn na quan im ca Bi Tng Chi khng phi l khng c l, cch ni trong Thc k mi ng ng. No l V sng i ch vi Lu, To! Li dng Quan V i ph vi To Tho th cn c, mun Quan V i ph vi Lu B, ch l k ngc nm m! V vy ti ngh, Phan Chng hoc M Trung git Quan V, nhng khng phi t m l theo lnh. Mt kh nng, trc Tn Quyn c lnh V n

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l git. Tuy s sch khng ghi li vic ny, nhng khng phi l khng c. V vy, c th l M Trung git Quan V. Mt kh nng khc, sau khi c tin Quan V b bt, Tn Quyn truyn lnh . Theo Ng ch truyn, Quan V b bt Chng Hng; theo Quan V truyn, Quan V b git Lm Th; cn nh Phan Chng truyn, Phan Chng v Chu Nhin ngn ng V, n Lm Th, Gip Thch, ly Lm Th lm qun doanh, mai phc Gip Thch. Gip Thch v pha ty bc Chng Hng. T c th suy ra, sau khi Phan Chng bt c Quan V Chng Hng p gii V v qun doanh Lm Th. Lc ny, lnh ca Tn Quyn cng va ti, Phan Chng git Quan V. V vy, ni Tn Quyn git Quan V hoc do Phan Chng git u c. Thc ra, nu ni vic git Quan V l do Phan Chng hoc M Trung t , Tn Quyn vn phi chu trch nhim, bao gi Lu B cng ghi n ln u Tn Quyn. V th Tn Quyn mi thy s. Tn Quyn lin ngh cch gt ti sang ngi khc. Theo ch dn Ng lch ca Bi Tng Chi trong Quan V truyn, sau khi Quan V b git, Tn Quyn cho em th cp Quan V sang ch To Tho. R rng Tn Quyn mun nh lc hng, mun mi ngi hiu, To Tho git Quan V. Mt mo nh ca Tn Quyn l no To Tho li khng nhn ra? Tho lin cho hu tng Quan V theo l ca ch hu. Ngang nh tuyn b vi mi ngi, ta khng git Quan V. Nhng v sao To Tho li khng em th cp Quan V tr li cho Tn Quyn? 1- Lm nh vy c phn qu ng, l tr mt vi Tn Quyn, v lc ny hai bn cn c minh c lin hp cng nh Quan V. 2- Lc ny To Tho ang l tha tng vng triu nh i Hn, l i din ca trung ng, khng l g li em tr vt m a phng dng ln trung ng. To Tho ch cn cch l hu tng Quan V thanh minh cho bn thn. Bt k l th no, Quan V cht th Kinh chu cng mt. R rng y l tn tht nng n ca tp on Lu B. V vy cng phi hi, cui cng th ai l ngi bn pha Lu B chu trch nhim v cuc thm bi ny? C nhiu cch ni. C ngi bo do Quan V, c ngi bo do Lu B, cng c ngi bo do Gia Ct Lng. C ba vn ln dn ti c nhiu cch ni khc nhau. Mt l, Quan V c cn phi pht ng cuc chin Tng, Phn khng? Hai l, Lu B c nn Quan V c Kinh chu khng? Ba l, mt mnh Quan V n c tc chin, sao tp on Lu B khng cho qun cu vin? Vn th nht l vn ht sc c bn, chng ta bt u t vn ny. Chng ta u bit, nguyn nhn trc tip khin Quan V bi trn chy n Mch Thnh l L Mng v Lc Tn ln nh vo Nam qun, tp on Tn Quyn m mt nht vo lng. C iu, nu Quan V khng tn cng Tng Dng, Phn Thnh th nhng mu k t lu kia ca Tn Quyn v L Mng, Lc Tn cng chng c c hi thc hin. Cng tc l khng c chin tranh Tng Phn pha trc th cng khng

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c bi trn chy n Mch Thnh pha sau. y li c ba vn nh: 1- Ai quyt nh nh Tng Phn? 2- V sao phi nh Tng Phn? 3- C nn gy ra cuc chin Tng Phn hay khng? Trc tin ni ti vn nh th nht, v vn ny c hai kin khc nhau. Lu B truyn ca ngi Trng Tc Diu cho rng, Quan V vi s gi ca Lu B, Gia Ct Lng pht ng chin tranh. Sau th Lu B v Gia Ct Lng khng c mt bin php phi hp no. Khng nhng khng c bin php ng cu no m cng khng b tr qun s tng t, h phng tay Quan V mt ngi hu dng v mu, qu tin vo sc mnh t lo liu. V vy Lu B v Gia Ct Lng kh trnh c trch nhim trong ln tht bi ny, thm ch phi gnh ly trch nhim ch yu. Tam quc ch ca ngi H T Ton li c quan im khc. Ngi H ni: Quan V tin cng Tng Dng, Phn Thnh, gn nh khng bn bc trc vi Lu B v Gia Ct Lng. Ni vy l ng. Bi v r sot li Tam quc ch khng h thy c mnh lnh no hoc gi no ca Lu B, Gia Ct Lng Quan V tn cng Tng Phn. Mt quyt sch ln lao nh vy s sch khng nn b st, v vy ch c th gii thch l Quan V t ngh ra vic ny. C iu khng thy Lu B trao quyn hoc gp , cng khng thy phn i. Nu c phn i, chc s sch ghi li. Nu Lu B kin quyt phn i, Quan V s phi thi. Xem ra thi Lu B lc , nghe b , hoc ngm cho php, thm ch l tn thnh. V vy, Lu B khng th ni khng c mt cht trch nhim no. Gia Ct Lng khng chu trch nhim. Theo Tam quc ch - Gia Ct Lng truyn, lc trn chin Tng Phn quan hm ca Gia Ct Lng qun s tng qun lo vic trong ph T tng qun. Lu B sau khi chim Thnh sp xp nh vy. Lc ny quan hm ca Lu B l T tng qun, nha mn ti ph T tng qun. Gia Ct Lng lo vic trong ph T tng qun chnh l Tng l i thn hoc i qun gia ca Lu B, nhim v l gip Lu B hon thnh cng vic, yn dn yn nc, lc Lu B ra ngoi th Trn th Thnh , lo lng thc lo qun lnh. Tc l, Gia Ct Lng khng phi Tng t lnh ba qun hoc Tng tham mu trng ca Lu B, nhim v ch yu l hnh chnh, dn chnh, khng dnh n qun s, vy Gia Ct Lng c trch nhim g? C ngi ni, Quan V pht ng chin tranh Tng Phn l lm theo chin lc tng th ca Gia Ct Lng. Lm theo phng chm nh sn ca Gia Ct Lng mi c c Kinh, ch chu, trong Long Trung i ni r. V vy Gia Ct Lng cng c trch nhim. Ni vy l khng ng. Long Trung i ca Gia Ct Lng ch l quy hoch tng th, khng phi phng n thc hin. Gia Ct Lng khng trc tip h lnh Quan V tin cng Tng Phn, v ng cng khng c quyn . Nu ch v Gia Ct

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Lng c i sch trong Long Trung m trch nhim ln u ng l khng cng bng. Hn na trong Long Trung i ni th no? Gia Ct Lng ni rt r: thin h c bin, nn lnh mt thng tng cng dn chng Kinh chu n Uyn, Lc, tng qun (Lu B) dn dn chng ch chu ra khi Tn Xuyn. mun ni ti quy hoch ca Gia Ct Lng: mt l, nu thin h c bin, hai l, cn a qun ra hai ng. Xin hi, lc Quan V tin cng Tng Dng v Phn Thnh thin h c bin khng? Khng. a qun ra hai ng chng? Cng khng. Vy sao c th ni l qun trit cch b tr chin lc ca Gia Ct Lng. Hn na theo ti, Quan V khng nhng khng qun trit chin lc ca Gia Ct Lng, m cn ph hoi cch b tr chin lc . Bi v mt Kinh chu l vnh vin mt lun kh nng tin qun bng hai ng ln bc tiu dit To Tho, thng nht thin h! Ti ngh, khng phi Gia Ct Lng khng hiu iu ny. Vy v sao Gia Ct Lng li khng ngn cn hnh ng ca Quan V? iu nui tic ny, chng ta s ni ti sau. Lc ny hy tr li vn nh th hai ni ti: v sao phi pht ng cuc chin tranh Tng Phn? Ngi L T Min cho l vic lm nhm phi hp vi hnh ng ca Lu B Hn Trung. Tn Hn s ca ngi L ni: binh c li khi cng ra qun, u ui tng ng, tic l qun Lu B cha v, qun Quan V ni dy. i vi iu ny, ti thy c g cha ng. Lu B tin qun Hn Trung vo nm Kin An th XXIII (Cng nguyn nm 218). Chm H Hu Uyn ni nh Qun vo thng ging nm Kin An th XXIV (Cng nguyn nm 219). To Tho n gn Hn Trung vo thng ba nm , thng nm a qun v Trng An. Nu Quan V c hn ch To Tho, v sao khng ra tay sm hn? Ch n thng by, lc Lu B chim Hn Trung, t xng l Hn Trung vng mi tn cng Tng Phn, chng phi l tha sao? V vy, hnh ng ca Quan V ch c th hiu l c voi i tin. Ni d nghe l tha thng tin tip, ginh thng li na; ni kh nghe l tham lam khng bit lng sc. Vy cui cng ri vo tnh trng no? iu ny lin quan ti vn nh ni phn trc, tc l c nn tin nh Tng Phn hay khng? c hai kin v vn ny. Mt loi cho rng nn nh, c hai ni dung: 1- Theo quy hoch bn Long Trung cho Lu B ca Gia Ct Lng, Tng Dng v Phn Thnh sm mun g cng phi ly. Ly Tng Phn mi c c c Kinh chu. Ci gi l tt phi nh; 2- Quan V khng phi hon ton khng c kh nng ly Tng Phn, ch t l c iu kin: 1. Hn na nm trc c s kin phn li To Tho vng Nam Dng, r rng l nn thng tr ca To Tho pha bc Kinh chu khng n nh; 2. Lu B c Hn Trung, li c thm Thng Dung, lng qun phn

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chn, kh th bng bng; 3. pha ng Tn Quyn tin cng Hp Ph, c th trng giong c m. Bn pha To Tho, va rt khi Hn Trung va phi i ph vi Tn Quyn, khng trnh khi, gi ch ny mt ch kia, th gi l c th nh. Cn phi nh thm c th nh, vy kt lun l nn nh. Nhng ngi H T Ton li c cch nhn khc. ng cho rng, cuc chin Tng Phn ca Quan V l cuc chin mo him v qun s, khng ng thi c. Theo quan im ca ngi H trong Tam quc s, Lu B va ot Hn Trung ang cn n nh th cc, dng qun ngh ngi, u c th va nh li nh tip? l iu mt. Lu B nh xong Hn Trung. Quan V i ly Tng Phn, mt trc mt sau, khng phi ra qun bng hai ng, ng ty cng kp nh, hn na thin h khng c bin ng, khng ph hp vi thit k ca Gia Ct Lng. l iu hai. Qun ca Quan V, ting l ng o hng mnh, nhng thc t lc lng c hn. Nu khng c trn l gip sc, th e cng khng th hng phc Vu Cm, chm u Bng c. vy, Phn Thnh vn cha b h, v khi T Hong em qun t nhp, Quan V nh phi rt. Cng c ngha, uy lc ca Quan V c phng to hn. V vy ngi H mi ni: Tn Quyn ln nh Nam qun, trn nh qu d dng. Nu khng c qun Tn Quyn tp kch pha sau, To Tho vn c th phn kch, Quan V cng s tht bi, c iu khng phi thm bi nh th ny. Ring ti cho rng, ngi H rt ng. T nhng iu ni, chng ta c th rt ra kt lun cho vn ln th nht: Mt l, Quan V pht ng chin tranh Tng Phn, Lu B khng trao quyn khng gp , nhng cng khng phn i. Hai l, nguyn nhn Quan V pht ng chin tranh Tng Phn: m mui trc nhng thng li, nh gi sai tnh hung, cho rng c th thng tip, mt trn l sch khng; cn tp on Lu B th nh L Bt dn li Hong n ng trong Tam quc ch tp gii, mi vui v thng, khng lng c bi mc cho Quan V tn cng. Ba l, pht ng chin tranh Tng Phn l sai lm, v khng ng thi c, chun b khng . Quan V v qu vui mng trong thng li nn phn on sai lm. T chng ta li c thm mt vn : Lu B c nn Quan V l c Kinh chu khng? y l vn rt kh tr li, bi v khng th ni Lu B chn nhm ngi. Trc ht, Quan V rt trung thnh, ng nh vy. Th na, Quan V gii giang. T lc Lu B ra qun, Nam chinh Bc chin, bt k lc no, khng chia qun th thi, mt khi chia qun th nht nh mnh mt cnh, Quan V mt cnh, r rng Quan V c ti. Ba l, Quan V c ngh. Gi Kinh chu, cn ngi bit v thy qun, li chnh l Quan V bit ngh ny. Nm Lu B bi trn Trng Bn, may nh Quan V em thy qun tip ng mi thot c nguy him. Quan V l ngi phng bc va n min Nam nm c thy qun, r rng l ngi gii giang. Trung thnh, gii giang, c

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ngh, Lu B vo Thc, cn mt i tng li gi Kinh chu, tnh ton k ngi phi l Quan V. Nhng v tnh cch th Quan V c vn , Quan V t cao t i, qu sc t tin, say m chin cng, mun c cao. Theo Tam quc ch - Quan V truyn, nm Kin An th XIX (Cng nguyn nm 214), Lu B tin cng Thnh , M Siu n hng. V khng bit M Siu, Quan V vit th cho Gia Ct Lng hi v ti nng ca M Siu, c th so snh vi ai. Gia Ct Lng bit Quan V thch hn ngi (Lng bit V thch hn ngi), nn tr li, M Mnh Khi (M Siu t Mnh Khi) vn v song ton, mnh m hn ngi, gi l tun kit mt thi, c th ngang vi Trng Dc c (Trng Phi) nhng cha th l tuyt lun siu qun M Nhim Cng (Quan V)! Quan V xem xong mng r v cng a th ca Gia Ct Lng cho v khch xem. C nhiu cch nh gi v vn ny. C ngi ni, Gia Ct Lng gio hot, mun c lng c i bn. Ti ngh khng phi th. Ngc li, lc ny Gia Ct Lng tuy cha phi l tha tng nhng biu hin ti ca tha tng. Nhim v ca tha tng l g? L iu tit m dng, tc l x l tt mi mi quan h. M Siu va sang hng, trong lng cn bn khon lo lng, cn phi khng nh v v v, v M Siu ng l nhn ti, l no li h thp? Cn Quan V khng mun ai hn mnh, nn ch c th coi M Siu l tun kit mt thi v tuyt khng snh bng. ng nhin ni vy, Gia Ct Lng gy nn tc dng ph, tc l qu nung chiu Quan V. Nhng y cng khng phi trch nhim ca Gia Ct Lng. Tp on Lu B v bn thn h Lu u phi c trch nhim. V h u nhng Quan V, qu cao Quan V hoc ly bin php cao i ph vi Quan V. Thng by Kin An nm th XXIV (Cng nguyn nm 219), Lu B t xng Hn Trung vng, phong Quan V Tin tng qun, Trng Phi l Hu tng qun, M Siu l T tng qun, ng thi cn phong Hong Trung l Hu tng qun. Ngay lc , Gia Ct Lng hiu l Quan V khng vui. V ni v quan h, Hong Trung khng bng c Trng Phi; v danh ting Hong Trung khng bng M Siu. Quan V u chu cng hng? Lu B ni: Khng sao, ta s c cch. Lu B c Ph Thi ti . Theo Tam quc ch - Ph Thi truyn, Ph Thi va ti ch Quan V, qu nhin Quan V lng ln ni: i trng phu sao c th ngi cng hng vi tn lnh gi! Ph Thi t t ni, nh vua dng ngi khng cu n. Hn vng (Lu B) ph l ct nhc Hong Hn Thng (Hong Trung) ch v ng y va lp cng ln. Nhng tn y lng Hn vng Hn Thng sao b c vi qun hu (Quan V). Qun hu v Hn vng c quan h g no? Lng d cng nhau, mu tht gn kt, nh l mt ngi. Hn vng vinh nhc l qun hu vinh nhc, Hn vng ha phc cng l ha phc ca qun hu, l no qun hu cn phi ng gi vi Hn vng? Ph Thi ny ch l ngi a tin, qun hu khng tip

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nhn, Ph Thi xin v, ch s rng qun hu s phi hi hn. Quan V nghe xong hiu ra, lin bi ly nhn phong. Ph Thi ni vy, ngang nh tp on Lu B dm s vo mng h, nhng vn l vut lng thi. R rng xa nay tp on Lu B lun chiu chung Quan V, Quan V bin thnh a tr h v c nung chiu. Mt a tr nh vy s c hai c im, mt l phng tng, hai l ngy th. Bi c nung chiu nhiu nn phng tng; v l tr con nn ngy th. Quan V l loi ngi . V phng tng nn mi pht ng chin tranh Tng Phn; v ngy th nn mi b L Mng v Lc Tn d d. V va phng tng va ngy th mi phm sai lm trong x l quan h gia ta vi k th hoc b bn. C hai v d ni r vn ny. Theo ch dn ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Quan V truyn, trong trn chin Tng Phn, Tn Quyn ch ng c mun gip Quan V, nhng vn c ring. Tn Quyn dn qun s khng c hnh qun qu nhanh, ng thi sai s bo tin cho Quan V. Quan V khng bit li dng c hi lm yn lng Tn Quyn hoc li dng Tn Quyn hn ch To Tho, ngc li cm hn Tn Quyn mt cch phi l. Quan V ni gin ng ng trc ngi va n hng l Vu Cm, m ming chi m ln, v li! Ngi dm chn ch (tiu t v l)! Ch ta ly Phn Thnh xong, s tiu dit ngi! Bi Tng Chi khng tha nhn vic ny. Bi v t lu Tn Quyn v L Mng c nh ln Quan V. Nu ly c n tr chin th vic g cn phi len ln o trng qua sng? Nhng c mt vic khc li ng, l vic Tn Quyn mun bn vic hn nhn vi bn Quan V, Quan V mng chi s gi. Theo Quan V truyn nguyn nhn l: Quyn sai s n hi con V cho con trai mnh, V h nhc s gi v t chi. Chng ta u bit, xa nay nhng loi hn nhn u v chnh tr, mc ch duy nht l ng h quan h lin minh. Tn Quyn c th g em gi cho Lu B th sao Quan V li khng th g con gi cho con trai Tn Quyn? ng nhin, c th Quan V xem thng hoc cm gin Tn Quyn (Lc ny Tn Quyn gi em gi v), vn c th t chi hn s bng li l ngoi giao, khng nn mng chi. Trong thc t a tr h v lun c nung chiu cn c mt c im, rt thch mng chi ngi khc. Chng ta ni trong tp trc, qun L Mng va n Nam qun th hai vin tng gi thnh u hng. Mt trong nhng nguyn nhn, hai ngi va bt mn va khip s trc Quan V. Theo Quan V truyn, Quan V khng h ghen t, nhng lun t ra xem thng h, v vy h mi him V xem thng. Quan V ra trn, yu cu hai ngi phi cung cp qun lng. V bt lc trong cng vic nn h b Quan V nhc m, cn ni s trng tr, kt qu hai ngi thy khip s, L Mng gi hng, h theo ngay. Ngh xem, bn ra tin phng nh trn, h

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li hu phng trng nh, mt nhim v tht quan trng, khng th nh nhng vi h mt cht sao? Qua nhng chuyn thy r, c Quan V gi Kinh chu l khng hp. ng. Quan V c nng lc, c hiu bit v mt mt no , nhng l giai on u s nghip Lu B, khng gi ni mt thnh nh (nh H Ph), nh thng ni ch (nh Nhan Lng). Cn nh gi mnh t chin lc nh Kinh chu, i ph vi nhng k gian hng gio hot nh To Tho, Tn Quyn, phi tc chin cng lc trn c hai mt chnh tr v qun s th Quan V khng sc. Quan V khng c u c chnh tr, khng c nhn quan chin lc, ch dng dng t c, lm vic n c, v c bn khng ph hp vi trch nhim mt tha tng; hn na vi tnh ngy th, phng tng, ngang bng kiu ngo s c nhiu s h trc k th. Ni cch khc, vi tnh cch y Quan V ch c th l mt i hip lang bt giang h, khng th tr thnh i soi ginh git Trung Nguyn. Nh vy, Lu B v Gia Ct Lng dng ngi khng hp chng? Cng khng phi th. Gia Ct Lng khng c trch nhim g, v lc ny ng khng c quyn dng ngi, ng cng khng phi l ngi ni g lm g Lu B nht nht nghe theo nh mi ngi tng ngh. Lu B ng nhin l c trch nhim, nhng khng phi l nng. Bi v Lu B cng khng th ngh c xa. Lu B cng khng ng, mt khi ly c ch chu, Kinh chu s ng trc mt p lc cha tng c; m Quan V th khng th gnh ni. C th, sau khi Lu B lm ch Thnh , cn phi nhanh chng c ngi gip v hn ch Quan V. Nhung Lu B c th c ai y? Gia Ct Lng khng i c (chnh quyn mi thnh lp ch chu phi trng cy vo Gia Ct Lng), Bng Thng cht, Php Chnh khng quen Quan V, vy c Trng Phi, Triu Vn, M Siu hay Hong Trung? E u khng c! Ni i ni li, Lu B cng chng cn cch no khc. V lc ny Lu B cng ang say sa trong thng li. By gi chng ta tr li cu hi cui cng: V sao tp on Lu B thy Quan V n c chin u m khng cho qun cu vin? Theo ti c ba ch: Khng ng ti. Ngi L T Min ni trong Tn Hn s: V bi trn, To Tho cha kp ngh ti, cn Tn Quyn cng cha c k khin V bi trn nhanh nh vy. Cng tc l, khng ng ti, mt ngi nh Quan V, k th nghe ting khip s, li va i ph qun To Phn Thnh, uy trn thin h, bc To Tho sut na phi di , m li bi trn nh ni l. To Tho khng ng ti? ng, cng khng ng ti. So vi To Tho, Tn Quyn th Lu B cng khng ng ti. ng l Lu B khng h bit To Tho v Tn Quyn ngm ngm cu kt, L Mng, Lc Tn ra qun t hai ng, o trng qua sng, ln nh Nam qun, ng l sm gm khng kp bt tai. ng vy, thng by Kin An nm th XXIV (Cng nguyn nm 219), tin nh Tng Phn, thng mi hai cng nm bi trn chy v Mch Thnh, thi gian cha n na nm. Nhng tnh th

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chin tranh li thay i trong nhy mt. Nn nh, trc khi To Tho pht tn l th ca Tn Quyn, Quan V vn tin rng mnh s thng. Ngay c khi bit ca Tn Quyn, Quan V vn cha chu ri b Phn Thnh. Ngha l Quan V cng cha ngh rng mnh s tht bi, bn pha Lu B ch nghe ton tin thng li th vic g phi c vin binh. Ch khi Quan V chng phn thn li, bi trn chy v Mch Thnh, Lu B c mun cu cng khng kp, tr phi Lu B c qun lnh t trn tri xung. Kt lun cui cng l: Tht bi chy v Mch Thnh, b mt Kinh chu l kt qu vic Tn Quyn v To Tho lin kt nhm ngn cn tp on Lu B. Bn pha tp on Lu B, Quan V chu trch nhim trc tip. Lu B chu trch nhim ca ngi lnh o. Gia Ct Lng khng chu trch nhim. Nhung bt k l ai chu trch nhim, Lu B khng th nhn tt c v cng khng chu bung xui. Vy Lu B lm g v kt qu s nh th no? Tp th ba mi nhm: KHIU NH DI HN Thng mi hai, Kin An nm th XXIV, Lu B trong tnh trng khng c chun b g v t tng mt Quan V li mt lun c Kinh chu. i vi Lu B, ngi va ly c ch chu cha lu, ang d nh m rng a bn, th y l mt n kch nng n. Na nm sau, Lu B - ngi khng d cam chu, pht ng cuc chin Di Lng vi ot li Kinh chu. Nhng binh bi thn vong m kt thc. Vy l trn chin th no, v Lu B tng nm chc phn thng v sao phi tht bi thm hi? Tp trc chng ta ni ti trn chin ginh Kinh chu. Kt qu, Lu B mt c Quan V ln Kinh chu. Quan V l tng yu ca Lu B, Kinh chu l vn mnh ca Lu B, ng nhin Lu B s khng cam chu. Th l na nm sau, Lu B ng chinh, pht ng chin tranh nh ph Tn Quyn vo thng by m lch, Cng nguyn nm 221. Trc , thng mi m lch, Cng nguyn nm 220, To Phi xng , ci nguyn l Hong S. Thng t nm sau, Lu B xng , kin nguyn Chng V. V vy, thi gian pht ng chin tranh, s sch ghi l thng by Hong S nm th II hoc Thng by Chng V nm u. By gi, Lu B ng qun Khiu nh (pha bc Nghi , H Bc ngy nay) hoc Di Lng (pha ng nam th trn Nghi Xng, H Bc ngy nay). V vy s sch ghi chp l chin tranh Di Lng, Khiu nh n gin l chin tranh Di Lng hoc chin tranh Khiu nh. Chin tranh Di Lng, Khiu nh l chin dch quan trng nh cuc chin Quan , Xch Bch. Hn na cuc chin ln ny cng ging nh cuc chin Quan , cuc chin Xch Bch, u kt thc t tht bi ca ngi pht ng chin tranh. Vin Thiu pht ng cuc chin Quan , kt qu Vin Thiu tht bi, To Tho pht ng cuc chin Xch Bch, kt qu To Tho tht bi, Lu B pht ng cuc

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chin Di Lng, Khiu nh, kt qu Lu B tht bi v sau th qua i. Vy, v sao Lu B phi tht bi? Theo ti c ba nguyn nhn: 1- Tn Quyn c chun b nn v hi; 2- Lu B ra qun n c; 3- Lc Tn ch huy chc chn, v ba im ny, chng ta ch cn xem qu trnh quyt sch ca cuc chin v qu trnh tin hnh cuc chin th r rng ngay. Hy ni im th nht trc: Tn Quyn c chun b nn v hi. Sau trn chin ginh Kinh chu, lin minh Tn Lu vn yu t b v. Tn Quyn rt hn Lu B, dt khot tr mt vi Lu B, nghing hn sang pha To Tho. Theo Lu Chng truyn, Ng ch truyn trong Tam quc ch v li ch dn Ngy lc ca Bi Tng Chi trong V k, sau khi ot li Nam qun, Tn Quyn tuyn b khng tha nhn chc ch chu mc ca Lu B, vn coi Lu Chng l ch chu mc, ng ti T Quy. To Tho cng tin c Tn Quyn l Phiu k tng qun, gi tit, lnh Kinh chu mc, phong Nam Xng hu; Tn Quyn dng biu xng thn, cn ch trng To Tho nn xung . Tc l Tn Quyn tha nhn To Tho l trung ng, To Tho tha nhn Kinh chu l ca Tn Quyn, Tn Quyn khng tha nhn ch chu l ca Lu B. Chng ta u bit, trc Lu B l mc ca hai chu, va l Kinh chu mc va l ch chu mc. Lc ny, theo lp lun ca To Tho v Tn Quyn, Lu B chng l g c, ng nhin Lu B s khng chu. Tn Quyn cng bit Lu B s khng chu. Cho d Tn Quyn c tha nhn Lu B l ch chu mc, Lu B cng s khng chu. V li, Lu B phi ot li Kinh chu; v ngha, Lu B s tr th ra hn. Kh trnh khi mt trn nh ln, Tn Quyn khng th khng c chun b. V vy Tn Quyn c chun b y v c hai mt chnh tr v qun s. V mt chnh tr, iu quan trng l Tn Quyn tch cc da hn vo To Ngy. K thc, trc khi n ra chin tranh ginh git Kinh chu, Tn Quyn ngm lic mt a tnh vi To Tho. Ma xun nm Kin An th XXII (Cng nguyn nm 217), Tn Quyn c ngi sang xin hng To Tho, To Tho cng nh ting s li kt lm thn gia vi Tn Quyn (th li kt hn). V vy mi c s cu kt gia hai bn khi n ra cuc chin ginh Kinh chu. Sau trn chin , Tn Quyn vn tip tc da vo To Ngy. Thng mi, nm Kin An th XXV, (Cng nguyn nm 220), To Phi thay Hn xng , tp on Lu B phn i mnh lit, x v To Phi, nhng pha Tn Quyn vn gi yn lng. n thng by, To Phi Hong S nm th II (Cng nguyn nm 221), lc Lu B nh Ng, th thng sau, Tn Quyn dng biu xng thn ln To Phi, v thng mi mt th nhn xng hiu Ng vng do To Phi sch phong, nm sau kin nguyn l Hong V. Lc ny, To Phi v Lu B xng , Tn Quyn tr thnh quc vng mt vng quc c lp, hnh th ba nc chn vc hnh thnh.

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C iu v mt danh ngha, lc ny Tn Quyn ch l phin vng ca vng triu To Ngy (Cng nguyn nm 229 mi xng ). t ti mc ny, i vi Tn Quyn chng d dng g. Bi v iu mt, coi nh tha nhn To Phi cp Hn l chnh ng. iu hai, chng t quan h gia To Phi v Tn Quyn l qun thn. V vy trong ni b tp on Giang ng mi c kin khc nhau. Theo ch dn Giang Biu truyn ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch- Ng ch truyn, Tn Quyn ni lun vi b h, ngh xem nm chng phi Lu Bang cng nhn phong hiu ca Hng V, l Hn vng sao? Chng qua ch l hp thi, ty c ng bin m thi, quan trng g u? Hin nhin, Tn Quyn nhn phong hiu ca To Ngy ch l k tm thi. Mt khi thi c chn mui, Tn Quyn cng s xng . Nhng lc ny, Tn Quyn ch c th ha ho vi To Phi, tp trung sc lc i ph vi Lu B. Trong thc t, ng thi vi vic chun b v chnh tr, Tn Quyn chun b c v mt qun s. Theo Tam quc ch - Ng ch truyn, trc by thng, tc l vo thng t Hong S nm th II (Cng nguyn nm 221), sau khi Lu B xng Tn Quyn di b ch huy ca mnh t Cng An n Ngc Thnh (th trn Ngc Chu, H Bc ngy nay), i tn l V Xng (khng phi khu V Xng th trn V Hn, H Bc by gi), V Xng qun gm c su huyn: V Xng, H Tr, Tam Dng, Dng Tn, Si Tang, Sa Tin. Vo thng tm, Tn Quyn gii thch v im ny. Tn Quyn ni: cc bc tin hin, tin trit dy, yn phi ngh n nguy, (tn ng qun vong, an tt ngh n nguy, li dy ca ngi xa). Hung chi ang bn lang, si, c th khng chun b ng bin sao? V vy, Tn Quyn khng k ti nhng li phn i, th ung nc Kin Nghip ch khng n c V Xng kin quyt di n V Xng, v sau khi Lu B xut qun lp nhng phng tuyn dc theo Trng Giang. Mi hay, Tn Quyn lun lun phng Lu B. V cng r, Tn Quyn chun b chu o cho trn nh. So snh thy, Lu B chun b cha . Sau trn chin Kinh chu, Lu B va tc va hn, nhng li khng bnh tnh rt kinh nghim, khng binh m c ngh ngi, li sc, vi vng xng hong . Thng t nm Bnh Ng, To Ngy Hong S nm th II (ngy 15 thng 5 Cng nguyn nm 221), Lu B ln ngi hong ti ni V n pha ty bc Thnh . Nghi l kt thc vi v, v ngay trong thng su iu binh khin tng, thng by ng gi thn chinh, cn lnh Trng Phi em qun hi hp Giang Chu (nay l Trng Khnh). Kt qu, Trng Phi cha kp hnh ng, b b h git cht, th cp c a n cho Tn Quyn. Trng Phi cht r rng l mt tn tht nng n i vi Lu B. Chng ta u bit s tng lnh bn pha Lu B c my ngi c coi l Ng h thng tng. Thc ra th sau khi xng vng, Lu B ch phong bn vin thng tng, l Tin tng qun

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Quan V, Hu tng qun Trng Phi, T tng qun M Siu, Hu tng qun Hong Trung, khng c Triu Vn. Triu Vn vn ch l Dc qun tng qun. C iu khi vit Tam quc ch, Trn Th a c Triu Vn v Quan Trng M Hong vo trong mt truyn, nn dn gian mi ni l Ng h thng tng. Trng Phi cht, trong ci gi l Ng h thng tng ca Lu B mt ba ngi. Cn li M Siu phi phng Ngy pha bc, Triu Vn khng c tn nhim (sau ny s ni ti nguyn nhn). Trong i ng ng chinh khng h c nhng tng lnh xng ng. Ngoi ra, Bng Thng cht trn vo nm Kin An nm th XIX (Cng nguyn nm 214), Php Chnh qua i nm Kin An th XXV (Cng nguyn nm 220), Gia Ct Lng trn th Thnh khng dt ra c, v vy i ng ng chinh khng c qun s hoc mu thn. C th ni, Lu B pht ng chin tranh qu vi vng, ra qun bt li, tng soi khng . Vy, v sao Lu B vn mun nh trn ny? iu ny lin quan ti vn th hai chng ta sp ni, Lu B qu n c. Thc t th hng lot quyt nh ca Lu B lc , nh vic ng chinh, k c vic xng , khng t ngi t thi phn i. Nh Ph Thi ni phn trn. Cn c Thng th lnh Lu Ba v ch h Ung Mu, u khng tn thnh Lu B xng . Dc qun tng qun Triu Vn v Tng s t tu Tn Mt phn i ng chinh. Nu ni, li ni ca Tn Mt c th coi l vng ngn (trong Tam quc ch - Tn Mt truyn ghi l ni l c thin thi nhng thc l bt li) th kin ca Triu Vn l ng. Theo ch dn Vn bit truyn ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Triu Vn truyn, Triu Vn ni vi Lu B, quc tc l To Tho, khng phi l Tn Quyn. Nu dit xong To Ngy th ng Ng khng thnh chuyn. Lc ny tuy To Tho cht, nhng To Phi l con li cng h, v vy khng nn b qua Ngy, nh Ng trc. Hn na chin tranh m m mn th e kh gii quyt, kh kt thc. l nhng li ni chi tai. Chng ta u bit, lc ny Lu B vo tui thun tai nh Khng T ni: thun tai tc l ni kiu g cng lt tai. Nhng khng hiu v sao Lu B li khng thun tai. Kt qu, Ph Thi b ging chc, Ung Mu b git, Tn Mt b nht vo ngc (v sau c tha), Lu Ba s n ni khng dm ni g na (s b nghi ng, lun gi yn lng, khng gp ring ai, khng l vic cng khng ni), Triu Vn mt tn nhim, khng c ng chinh. Ni ra cng chng c g l l. Thc tnh th Lu B v To Tho cng ging nhau, u l nhng nhn vt cng quyn, khng mun ngi khc phn i phng chm chin lc v ng li chnh tr ca mnh, vn l ng li, phng chm ng hay sai. Hy cha bn n vic xng , ni ti vic ng chinh. V sao Lu B phi ng chinh? Mt s ngi ni v mun bo th cho Quan V. Tam quc ch - Php Chnh truyn cng ni ra nhc cho V hoc v tc gin. Ni vy l khng ng. Tam quc s thoi ca ngi L T Min ni, bo th thay cho ngha r rng l ni a,

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ni qun Lu l on qun phn n cng cha hn l vy. Ti thy ngi L ni c l. V sao? 1- Con ngi kin nh, kh lay chuyn nh Lu B s khng lm vic theo cm tnh. 2- Sau khi Quan V b hi, Lu B khng t ra au n lm hoc p bn tc gin m ang mi m vi vic xung ca mnh, cng khng kp phong hu cho Quan V, nm Cnh Diu th III (Cng nguyn nm 260), hu ch Lu Thin mi truy ch Quan V l Trng mu hu. 3- Lc Lu B ra qun l na nm sau khi Quan V mt, vy u phi l s rung ng ca tnh cm? Ch c th ni l phng chm nh. Nhng chng ta u bit, theo k sch Long Trung ca Gia Ct Lng, phng chm nh sn ca Lu B l lin Ng chng To, Triu Vn cng ni: hp lng dn phi sm ly Quan Trung, khng nn b qua To Ngy, nh ng Ng trc. Vy v sao Lu B lm vic khng theo quy hoch chin lc ca Gia Ct Lng, cng khng nghe theo Triu Vn? Ngi L cho rng, rt ging vi ch trng ca L Mng khng nh T chu m nh Kinh chu, ging nh n th phi chn qu tht chn. Ni vy l c l. To Ngy l k th mnh c c na thin h, u phi ming n d nut? R rng l phi tnh ton. V vy L Mng thy d i ph vi Quan V hn, Lu B thy d ln lt vi Tn Quyn hn. L Mng, ngi lm cho Lu B, Quan V b h to, th sau khi tranh ot Kinh chu kt thc, cha kp lnh thng qua i, ngi th chn l th sinh Lc Tn, chng nh li kh i ph? Bn pha To Ngy c ngi thy r im ny. Theo Tam quc ch - Lu Hoa truyn, vo nm th hai sau khi Quan V b hi, tc l Ngy vn hiu Hong S nm u (Cng nguyn nm 220) Lu B ra qun, To Phi xung chiu qun thn, mong h on xem phi chng Lu B ra qun nh Ng tr th cho Quan V, mi ngi u cho l khng phi. H ni, Thc l nc nh, mt mnh V l i tng, nay V cht, ai l ngi dm ra qun? Lu Hoa khng nh s c ngi dm. Lu Hoa ni, tuy Thc va nh va yu, nhng sch lc ca Lu B li l, phi bng v lc mnh hn, nn h s m c ging trng, diu v ging oai t r sc mnh c tha. Hn na, Lu B v Quan V ngha l qun thn, n l cha con, Quan V cht nu khng bo th th coi sao c. Lu Hoa ni cng c l, c th lc Lu B cng ngh nh vy. Tm li, ti thy c ba nguyn nhn khin Lu B nh Ng: th nht, tnh cm Quan V v Lu B nh tay chn, cng sng cng cht, th khng th khng bo. Th hai, trong thi i c ln nut c b, Lu B b nh, tt phi ly cng th; To Ngy qu mnh, ch c th cng kch ng Ng. ng nhin, y cn mt nguyn nhn quan trng na, khng th khng ot li Kinh chu. Phn trc ni, Kinh chu l mng sng ca Lu B, chng nh c trong tay Tn Quyn? Nguyn nhn th ba chnh l iu ny. ng nhin mun ot li Kinh chu phi tnh k lu di, phi chun b k. Ch t cng phi y mi mt trong qu trnh chin tranh. Theo Tam quc ch - Hong

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Quyn truyn, Bin tng qun Hong Quyn lc lo ngi t xa nh thng vo l c phn mo him, tng ni vi Lu B nn nh u chc . Hong Quyn ni: qun Ng kiu dng thin chin, i ph khng d; qun ta tin xung theo ng sng, tin d lui kh. V vy vi thn xin lm tin phong thm d nng su trc, b h ch huy hu phng l c. Lu B khng nghe, cn iu Hong Quyn n Giang Bc, v mc tt c, t mnh tip tc tin ti. Lu B sai lm. Thc t th trong c trn nh Khiu nh tnh cm Lu B bc l bng hai ch: nn nng. Tt nhin, nu i phng cng nn nng th cn c. Tic rng ch soi ca i phng khng nhng khng nn nng, m ht sc trm tnh. Hn na, Lu B cng nn nng, i phng cng lnh lng. y cng l nguyn nhn th ba khin Lu B tht bi trong trn Khiu nh. Lc Tn ch huy chc chn. Lc Tn l tng ch huy qun Ng trong trn Khiu nh. Theo Tam quc ch Lc Tn truyn, sau khi Lu B a qun xung pha ng, Tn Quyn lnh Lc Tn l i c, gi tit, ( l c thng phng bo kim), sai Chu Nhin, Phan Chng, Tng Khim, Hn ang, T Thnh, Tn Hon, Tin Vu an lnh nm vn qun ngc ln chng gic. Lc ny nhn li, thy quyt sch ca Tn Quyn l hon ton chnh xc, cch dng ngi ht sc tha ng. Thc t cho hay, nu trn nh ny khng do Lc Tn chi huy th c kh nng kt qu s khc. Chng ta hy xem xem Lc Tn dng binh nh th no? Theo Tam quc ch- Tin ch truyn, Thc, Chng V nm th II, tc Ng Hong V nm u, thng ging Ngy, Hong S nm th III (Cng nguyn nm 222), tin qun Lu B n i Lng (thnh c v pha ng nam th trn Nghi Xng, H Bc ngy nay). Thng hai, Lu B n Khiu Thnh (cch ba mi dm v pha bc th trn Nghi , H Bc ngy nay). Theo ch dn Ng th v T tr thng gim ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Lc Tn truyn v trong chuyn ny, by gi tng lnh bn Ng nhao nhao i nh, nhng Lc Tn khng ng . Lc Tn hiu r, Lu B va n cn rt mnh, cn phi bnh tnh ng chin, cn ni vi tng lnh, i qun Lu B va xui dng ti y, kh th ang hng, nhu kh ang vng, chim vng cao im, ni him yu, khng th d dng ph c chng, ginh ton thng li cng kh. Nu ra qun bt li, nh hng ton cc, vn s nghim trng. C iu, qun Thc hnh qun trn ni, trin khai kh khn, lu ngy s thnh qun mt mi, hy ch xem tnh th din bin th no. Tng lnh nghe xong li cho Lc Tn l k nht gan s vic, u thy phn n. Lc Tn c suy ngh ca ring mnh. Lc Tn lnh ton qun li su v pha sau, nhng hng my trm dm sn ni him tr cao ngt cho Lu B, qun Ng gi vng trc trn Khiu nh, khng ra ng chin. Chng cn cch no khc, Lu B

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nh phi lnh tng Ng Ban lnh hng my ngn qun h tri ch t bng. Cc tng lnh bn Ng u ni: lc trc qun Thc trong ni khng nh c, by gi trn t bng c th nh ri ch? Lc Tn li ni: khoan ! Lu B lm vy tt c gian tr. Qu nhin, Lu B thy mnh khng giu c Lc Tn, bn cho c tm ngn qun mai phc trong hang ni nh thng ra. Lc ny tng lnh bn Ng mi v nh, bi phc Lc Tn liu vic nh thn. Thc ra ch hn ngi ca Lc Tn khng ch bit thn c diu ton m cn c s trm tnh. Ai c To Qu lun chin u r: chin tranh cn dng kh. Mt ra oai, hai yu dn, ba cn kit. Qun Thc xui xung, kh th hung d, hn l khng th nut nt ng Ng. Nhng khi h n Di Lng, n tin tuyn Khiu nh b qun Ng cht cht, sut trong my thng khng tm c c hi quyt chin. Thm vo , vic vn chuyn kh khn, khng lng thc. Kh tri nng bc, tinh thn ngy cng bc nhc, s kh cng ngy cng sa st. Lc ny Lc Tn mi tuyn b, gi pht phn cng ti. Theo Tam quc ch - Vn k v Nh Thp s sc nhun biu ca Trn Vin, thng su nhun nm Lc Tn quyt nh phn cng. Lc Tn truyn ni: lc tng lnh qun Ng ly lm kh hiu. H cho rng, lc Lu B va nhp cnh mi l lc tin cng Lu B. Lc ny k ch vo su nm, su trm dm, hai bn knh ch by, tm thng tri. Lc ny Lu B vng chn, gia c xong nhng ni him yu, cn c th nh c khng? Lc Tn ni, Lu B l k gio hot (B tht gian gio), Kinh nghim phong ph, hiu bit rng (tri nhiu vic), lc mi n suy ngh chu o hn, v vy chng ta khng nn giao u. Sau my thng, qun s mt mi, ch gim st, chng cn chiu g ng k (binh mt ch gim, mu k ht). Nay chnh l lc chng ta tiu dit l gic . Ni l vy, nhng Lc Tn vn quyt nh hnh s thn trng, nh trc mt doanh, kt qu bt li. Ch tng u ni: xem ka, cht ung mt nhiu ngi. Lc Tn cho l khng phi cht ung. V Lc Tn thy c ch s h ca Lu B tm c bin php ph gic. Vy, Lu B b trn c s h g, Lc Tn c chiu g mi ph ch? Sau khi n tin tuyn, Lu B lnh cho qun lnh lp v s nhng doanh tri san st bn nhau hng by trm dm t Vu Hip n Di Lng. Theo Tam quc ch - Vn k, lc To Phi cng on Lu B s bi. To Phi ni: Lu B khng hiu cch dng binh (B khng bit dng binh), doanh tri san st cch hng by trm dm u c th chng li ch? Hn na, khng nn lp doanh tri . Chng bao lu na s c tin thng trn ca Tn Quyn.

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To Phi Lc Dng xa xi cn nhn thy s h ca Lu B, l no ch cch nhau gang tc, Lc Tn li khng thy? Theo Tam quc ch - Lc Tn truyn, trong lc hai bn cn knh ch nhau, Lc Tn tng dng s ln Tn Quyn trnh by k sch ca mnh. Trong bn s tu Lc Tn ni: iu lm thn lo ngi nht l Lu B thy lc cng tin. No ng Lu B b qua iu kin thun li , ngc li thy qun ln b, h tri san st bn nhau trong rng ni. iu khc g t mnh chui vo t bi. V vy, sau ln trinh st bng ha lc , Lc Tn c cch. Bin php ca Lc Tn kh n gin - ni la, trong trn chin Xch Bch lin qun Ng - Lu tng dng. Theo Tam quc ch - Lc Tn truyn, Lc Tn lnh tng binh s mang theo mt b c, v phng ha gn doanh tri qun B, ng thi tn cng lun. Cng vi th la rng rc, cc cnh qun khc nht lot xut kch. Th ri Lc Tn pht lnh, ch lc qun Ng t tp Khiu nh, tin cng qun Lu, mt lc xa sch hn bn mi doanh tri. Khng kp phng, Lu B kinh hn lc phch, chy ti M Yn Sn (pha ty bc th trn Nghi Xng, H Bc ngy nay). Lc Tn ra sc nh tip, c thc cc qun p st t bn pha. Qun Thc nh bng tan ni l, qun cht hng my vn, Lu B cng mt s ty tng chy sut ngy m v thnh Bch . Thuyn b, kh gii, vt t ca Lu B bng chc sch khng; thi th qun lnh tri ni khp trn mt sng. Lu B thm bi va xu h va phn n ngng mt nhn tri than rng: trm b Lc Tn h nhc, e y l tri (khng phi l tri sao)! Xem ra Lu B hon ton khng phc khi b Tn lm nhc. C th trong mt Lu B v Quan V, Lc Tn ch l mt th sinh, khng ng ngi, ni chi ti phi bi trn. Thc tnh, Lc Tn khng phi th sinh, m l nho tng, l nh chnh tr nh qun s bn pha ng Ng. Lc Tn thnh cng khng phi do tri m do mu k. Phn trn ni: Lc Tn tng c s dng ln Tn Quyn. Trong bn s , trc ht Lc Tn nu r tnh cht quan trng ca cuc chin. Chng ta u bit, pha ty Lng Hip l vng cc ng ng ba sng Trng Giang, ca ng ca ty Lng Hip l huyn Di Lng. V vy Lc Tn ni: Di Lng l vng t chin lc quan trng, cng l ca ln pha ty ca vng quc ng Ng chng ta. Vng ny d chim v cng d mt. Mt khi khng gi c th khng ch mt mt qun m cn nh hng ti an ton ca c Kinh chu, thc ng lo ngi. V vy trn ny khng th tht bi, nht nh phi thng (cuc chin ny tt phi thng). y chnh l nguyn nhn th nht khin Lc Tn thnh cng. V cng coi trng, c ch th nn. R rng Lc Tn rt coi trng cuc chin ny, nhng chng l Lu B li khng bit c ch th nn sao? Th l Lc Tn li phi tu r vi Tn Quyn ba nhc im ln ca Lu B. Th nht, Lu B vi phm lut, khng gi so huyt, ra qun vin chinh, l t dn thn vo ch cht; th hai, Lu B chinh chin c i, bi nhiu thng t, t

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m suy, ln ny cng khng ng ngi; th ba, b thuyn ln b, doanh tri khp ni. V vy, Lc Tn mong Tn Quyn c k cao gi m ng, ch tin thng trn. y li l nguyn nhn th hai khin Lc Tn thnh cng, bit mnh bit ta, sm c . Nguyn nhn th ba l trm tnh ng chin, sau mi khng ch, tnh hnh c th th no phn trc ni. Lc ny ch mun ni, lm c iu ny khng phi d. Theo Tam quc ch - Lc Tn truyn, lc Lc Tn v Lu B cn knh ch th Tn Hon b qun Lu B bao vy Di o (thuc ty bc Chi Thnh, H Bc ngy nay). Tn Hon l chu h ca Tn Quyn (cha Hon l Tn H c h vi Tn Kin), Hon l An ng trung lang tng. V vy, Tn Hon cu vin vi Lc Tn, ch tng u ni nn ra qun, nhng Lc Tn vn n binh bt ng. Lc Tn ni: An ng rt c lng ngi, Di o tng cao ho su, lng thc y , khng g phi lo. Ch khi c mu ca bn soi c thi trin, qun vy Di o khng nh cng tan. Qu nhin, lc Lc Tn va phng ha, bn ch Tn Hon c gii vy. Theo Tam quc ch - Tn Hon truyn v Lc Tn truyn, sau khi c gii vy, Tn Hon x ni bc cu, khi thng dng chy nhanh ti cn ng Lu B, khin Lu B phi vt sui bng rng mi thot him. V sau Lu B tng bc dc ni: lc trm n Kinh Khu, Tn Hon cn l a b (lc hai bn nh nhau, Tn Hon mi hai mi nhm tui), by gi hn bc trm gh vy! Tn Hon ni vi Lc Tn, Tn m cu vin khng c on hn tng qun, ngh li mi thy, tng qun tht bit cch iu ng! ng l Lc Tn bnh tnh, c cch iu qun, nht l bit nhn nhn trc, ch ng ngi khc sau, bo m bn Ng ra qun l thnh cng, ginh ton thng. Lc Tn l ngi nhn xa trng rng nn mi lm c nh vy. S tng lnh di quyn Lc Tn lc nu khng phi l ch tng nguyn lo th cng l hong thn q uc thch, ngi ngi u khng bit s, khng d phc tng. Lc Tn m hi ngh, tay cm bo kim, ging ni anh thp. Lc Tn ni: Lu B l ngi ni ting, ai cng bit, ngay c To Tho cng c phn n s. Lc ny Lu B lnh i qun xm phm lnh th nc ta, l i th ng gm, khng th xem thng! Ch v mang n t nc nn phi cng ta chng k th chung, c l g khng theo s ch huy ca ta? Lc m tuy l th sinh nhng c phc mnh cha thng. Cha thng xem trng Lc Tn v Lc Tn c th nhn nhc gnh vc vic ln. Nay nhim v khng c thoi thc; qun lnh nh sn, khng th vi phm. Bn soi c li ni trc! Li Lc Tn nh c anh c thp, thm vo Lc Tn c ti cm qun, nn ai ny u thn phc. Th ri Tn Quyn hi, ch tng khng nghe chi huy, sao tng qun khng bo vi qu nhn? Lc Tn tr li ni: vi thn tuy bnh thng yu ui, nhng tng c nghe chuyn ca Ln Tng Nh, Khu Tun. Tn Quyn ci ln, thng Lc Tn lm ph quc tng qun, lnh Kinh chu mc, phong Giang Lng hu. Trong Lu B truyn ngi Trng Tc Diu tng kt vic thnh bi trong trn chin

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Khiu nh cho rng, c bn nguyn nhn dn ti thng li ca Tn Quyn, mt trong s chn soi ng ngi (ba iu khc l chin b y , chin lc chnh xc, a th c li). Trn chin Khiu nh l n nh mnh vo Lu B. Theo Tam quc ch - Tin ch truyn, thng tm Chng V nm th II (Cng nguyn nm 223), Lu B bi trn lui v huyn Vu (Vu sn th trn Trng Khnh ngy nay), sau v thnh Bch (pha ng Phng Tit, Trng Khnh ngy nay), t lu sau th nhim bnh, lit ging. Thng hai Chng V nm th III (Cng nguyn nm 224), Lu B bit mnh sp ri trn th, cho triu Gia Ct Lng n Vnh An (nguyn l Ng Phc, huyn Tr, Bch thnh) bn v hu s. y li l vic lm li nh hng su rng. Vy Lu B sp t nh th no? ng sau vic c vn g? Tp th ba mi su: VNH AN GI CON Sau khi bi trn Khiu nh, thng t nm sau, Lu B m v qua i cung Vnh An. Trc , Lu B sp t hu s n tha, truyn ngi cho Lu Thin, gi con cho Gia Ct Lng, cn ni nu n bt ti, th ngi hy t thay i. V im ny s sch c hai cch nhn xt khc nhau. Vy mc ch v suy ngh ca Lu B l g? Pha sau vic gi con thnh Bch cn n giu iu g su xa kh ni? Thng su nhun Thc Hn nin hiu Chng V nm th II (Cng nguyn nm 222), Lu B bi trn Khiu nh lui v huyn Vnh An, ng qun trong thnh Bch . Lc ny Lu B sc cng lc kit, thn li nhim bnh, nm lit ging. Lu B t bit sp phi xa ri trn th, nn bt u sp t hu s. Vn ch yu ca hu s l trao chnh quyn Thc Hn cho ai. Theo quy ch th tp, hong v ng nhin phi trao cho Lu Thin. Nhng lc ny Lu Thin mi mi by tui, v thnh nin, ti nng th gn nh khng bao gi snh bng Lu B, cn c ngi ph t. Lu B chn Gia Ct Lng v L Nghim. Trong Tam quc ch - Tin ch truyn ni rt r v iu ny, Tin ch bnh nng, gi con cho tha tng Lng, Thng th lnh L Nghim l ph. Gi con xong, Chng V nm th III, ngy hai mi t thng t (Cng nguyn ngy 10 thng 6 nm 223), Lu B bng h ti cung Vnh An, th su mi ba tui. Lu B gi con l vic ln trong s Tam Quc, bi v n chia lch s khng qu di ca tp on Lu B v chnh quyn Thc Hn t mt thnh hai: thi k u, ngi lnh o l Lu B; v sau, ngi quan trng l Gia Ct Lng. Vic phn thnh hai k l kt qu trc tip qu trnh gi con cung Vnh An. Theo Tam quc ch - Gia Ct Lng truyn, lc thy bnh nng, Lu B triu gp Gia Ct Lng t Thnh v cung Vnh An bn hu s v th l lng mnh. Lu B ni vi Gia Ct Lng: tin sinh ti nng gp mi ln To Phi (ti gp mi Phi), nht nh c th yn nc

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yn dn, xy dng nghip ln (c th yn nc, dng xong nghip ln). V vy mong tin sinh lo liu mi vic. Nu Lu Thin cn c th xin ph t hn (nu n cn c th ph t). Nu a tr ny chng ra g (nu bt ti), tin sinh ng ngi, c lm cho ng (ngi hy t thay i). Gia Ct Lng nghe m nc mt gin gia, ni khng thnh ting: nht nh vi thn s ton tm ht sc ph t hong thng (thn xin dc ht sc), trung trinh mt lng bo n quc gia (ht lng trung trinh) vi c sinh mng ca mnh (cho ti cht). Lu B lin xung chiu bo ban Lu Thin, t nay phi nghe li tha tng nh nghe li cha (lm vic vi tha tng nh lm vic vi cha). l vic Vnh An gi con ni ting, cng t y s sch bn ci rt nhiu. Trc ht, Trn Th l ngi khng nh v tn thng. Li bnh ca Trn Th trong Tam quc ch - Tin ch truyn ni: vic lm ca Lu B l hnh mu v ch cng v t ln nht trong quan h qun thn t xa ti nay (qun thn v vic cng, l mu mc xa nay). V sao vy? V Lu B hon ton yn tm giao ph t nc cng a con vo tay Gia Ct Lng (gi con v nc cho Gia Ct Lng), Lu B mt lng tin tng (mt lng mt d). Theo ti, Trn Th ni vy hn da vo cu ni nu hn bt ti, ngi hy t thay i. Cu ni ca Lu B ngm ch iu g, Trn Th khng ni r, chng ta cng khng nn on m, nhng nhn chung c th gii thch l, nu Lu Thin vc m khng dy ni, th mong Gia Ct Lng c gi m thay i. Trong thi i qun ch cha truyn con ni bt di bt dch th iu khng ch kh thy, cn c th coi l v cng v i. iu c ngha, t li ch nhn dn t nc trn tt c. V quc gia, dn tc nguyn hi sinh gia tc mnh, vt b quyn lc m tri ban tng. ng l ch cng v t (qun thn ch cng), ng l khng tin khong hu (mu mc xa nay). Nhng c th l nh vy khng? Theo ti th khng th. Th nht, trong s Trung Quc cha h c l ny. Bt k l Tn Hong Hn V trc thi Lu B hay ng Tng Tng T sau thi Lu B cha c hong no li loi b con mnh, trao giang sn x tc cho ngi khc. Cc hong thng m ngy suy ngh, lm g gi nn thng tr ca gia tc mnh, truyn li cho con chu mun i mai sau. l c im chung ca mi hong xa nay, Lu B sao c th l ngoi l? Th hai, coi Lu B l ngoi l, nhng chng ta khng hiu do u Lu B c nhng ngh nh vy. Bi v cc bc vng trong s Trung Quc ch suy ngh thay triu i i v cha h c quan nim dn ch lun phin cai tr. Nu ngh nh vy tht, th Lu B h chng phi l Washington sao? Th ba, cho d Lu B mun tr thnh Washington th Gia Ct Lng cng khng dm lm Adams hoc Jefferson, v khng c ai coi vic thay th l chnh ng. Tn Quyn khuyn To Tho thay nh Hn, To Tho lin ni: Tn Quyn c xu; Lu B Gia Ct Lng t thay i, th chng phi nng Gia Ct Lng trn bp la sao? Hn

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na lc To Tho ch l ch da ca hong , b chi l Hn tc; nu ng l Gia Ct Lng t thay Lu Thin, s b ngi i coi l ci g? V vy, hu th c nhiu ngi kin khc vi Trn Th. Trc ht l Tn Thnh thi Tn rt nghi ng, Tn Thnh cho vic gi con ca Lu B l vic hoang ng (B sai Lng, lm lon ch). Theo ch dn ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Gia Ct Lng truyn, Tn Thnh c bi di bn v chuyn ny. Theo ng mu cht vic gi con l chn ng ngi, v vic g cn phi ni nh vy. Nu chn ng ngi th khng cn phi ni g na, v khng ni, i phng cng s mt lng trung trinh, (gi ng ngi hin th khng phi hi); cn nh chn sai ngi th cng khng th ni nh vy, v ni th l ngang nh m ng cho k phn nghch cp ngi (chn sai th khng nn m ng thon nghch). V vy Tn Thnh ni: xa nay cha h c vic gi con nh vy (li c mnh phi l li chn tnh, li gi di khng phi li gi con). C iu Lu B gp vn, may sao Lu Thin khng my c ch , khng hay ngh ngi lung tung (may sao Lu Thin ti d, khng my nguy hi), Gia Ct Lng uy vng cao ln, trn an (Gia Ct uy lc, chng li k khc), nn khng xy ra chuyn g. Nu khng, c thnh li ra ting vo, lng ngi xao xuyn. Lc ny nhn li thy li bnh ca Tn Thnh khng tht chn tnh, coi Lu B l li. V vy, trong Tam quc ch - tp gii gn y ca L Bt c li phn bc li Tn Thnh, cho rng li gi con ca Lu B l xut pht t tnh cm, c cm xc mi thnh li (c cm xc mi ni nn li), khng kp ngh ra iu g khc (tht li khng c gi di)! L Bt cho rng, iu Lu B quan tm lc l con khng kh, iu lo lng l c nghip suy sp, c ngh n l bc, lo tm ngi hin, cn bng d no m quanh co; da vo ci g nghi ng Lu B gi di (v g ng c di tr)? ng nhin y cng ch l mt cch ngh v c phn hp l. Nhng cng phi ni: ci gi l xut pht t tnh cm cng ch l li suy on. Cui cng, chng ta u khng phi l Lu B, ai c th khng nh Lu B ngh nh vy. L Bt c th suy on th ng nhin ngi khc cng c th. Nh trong Lu B truyn ca ngi Trng Tc Diu cho rng Lu B c dng khc, hn na t thc r rng, tc l mt cch ni buc Gia Ct Lng phi biu l s trung thnh. Ngi Trng cho rng, Lu B c nghi ng ln i vi Gia Ct Lng. m bo hong v ca con mnh vng nh ni Thi Sn, Lu B bc Gia Ct Lng khng cn ch suy ngh khc, ch cn cch nc mt gin gia, qu xung m th tht. ng nh Vng Phu Chi ni trong c thng gim lun, Lu B ni n nh vy th Gia Ct Lng cn c cch g gii ta mi nghi ng , ngoi tr vic moi rut gan ra cho Lu B xem (ly mu trong tim ra, mi ht c nghi ng)! V vy, my li gi con gi nc ca Lu B khng phi l mt lng mt d, ngc li ngm c ngy k.

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y c vn then cht l tm ch nu hn bt ti, hy t thay i rt cuc c g. V im ny, ngy nay ngi Phng Bc Thn c suy ngh khc. Trong Tam quc ch - ch thch ngi Phng ni: ch thay trong hy t thay i khng c ngha l thay th m l chn la. Cu ni nu hn bt ti, hy t thay i c th gii thch thnh, nu a tr ny chng ra g, ngi c th chn la m x l. V cch x l cng rt n gin, ngi c th chn mt a khc trong s cc con ca Lu B thay lm hong . Cng tc l Lu B cho Gia Ct Lng c quyn ph lp, khng phi mun Gia Ct Lng t lp lm vua. Nh vy l hp l. Th nht, ngoi Lu Thin ra ch t Lu B vn cn hai ngi con na, L vng Lu Vnh, Lng vng Lu L, vn cn ngi chn. Th hai, theo ch dn Gia Ct Lng tp ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Tin ch truyn, trc lc lm chung Lu B gi L vng Lu Vnh n, ni: sau khi trm mt, anh em ngi phi coi tha tng nh cha, ngi phi nghe li tha tng. Lu B nh mun ni vi Lu Thin, pha sau ngi cn c ngi khc, cng c th hiu Lu B coi trng Lu Vnh, coi l i thay th hai. Th ba, ban cho Gia Ct Lng c quyn ph lp, coi nh Lu B bt chp lut l, tn nhim c bit, vy lm g cn c chuyn nhng c hong v. V vy, ti cho rng ngi Phng gii thch hp l, t ra cng l li ni ca ngi thn. Theo li gii thch th ng l Lu B gi nc, gi nh, gi con v chnh quyn cho Gia Ct Lng v ng l Lu B mt lng mt d, l qun thn ch cng, mu mc xa nay. Gia Ct Lng nghe my cu ni ca Lu B, ng nhin cng khng phi v b bc ti gc tng nn moi gan moi rut ra bc l, Gia Ct Lng ri l v xc ng thc s. V vy, phn trn chng ta khng gii thch cu ni hy t thay i thnh ngi c th gi m thay i, m gii thch l ngi c th quyt nh mi vic. Trong thc t, ban cho thn t quyn quyt nh mi vic, khi coi nh c nhn hong n su xa, n trng nh ni. Nhng vn cn vn chng ta phi bn. Vn th nht: nu ca Lu B ch l ban cho Gia Ct Lng quyn ph lp, khng phi c ly v thay th th v sao Lu B li nhc ti To Phi? To Phi khng h l c mnh i thn g , cng khng phi l tm gng tt ca mt thn t. V mi ngi u r, lc ny To Phi h b Hn Hin ln lm hong . Phn trc Lu B ni ngi ti gp mi To Phi, phn sau li ni nu hn bt ti, hy t thay i, mi ngi c th hiu l, vic m To Phi lm, ngi l ngi c ti gp mi ln To Phi, cng c th lm! Trm ngi lm, c lm l c! Vn th hai: Cch ni ca Lu B khng phi trc kia cha c ai ni. Lc gi con cho Trng Chiu, Tn Sch ni nh vy. Theo ch dn Ng s ca Bi

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Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Trng Chiu truyn, Tn Sch ni: nu Trng Mu khng c vic, ngi hy t tay nhn ly. ng, khng n l m thnh i! V ca Tn Sch l, c th ly m thay th. Tt nhin Tn Sch ni: t tay nhn ly, Lu B ni l t thay i. Chng nh ch v khc nhau c mt ch m t li khc nhau vi vi? Vn th ba: Cho d ca Lu B ch l ban cho Gia Ct Lng quyn ph lp th thi l vic lm cht ngi. Nhng nm cui thi ng Hn, ai l ngi lm vic ph lp? ng Trc. Ai l ngi h b hong ng nhim thay th? To Phi. V vy gi l t thay i. Khng phi To Phi th l ng Trc, Gia Ct Lng cng c th lm nhng vic nh vy sao? Ngi Phng Bc Thn ni: Lu B cng khng c Gia Ct Lng lm ng Trc m mun Gia Ct Lng lm Hoc Quang. Hoc Quang l quyn thn thi Ty Hn. Trc lc lm chung, Hn V gi con cho ng, Hoc Quang trung thnh ph t (mi ba nm ph t Chiu vng), cn lm vic ph lp (ph Xng p vng Lu H, lp Tuyn Lu Tun). Nhng sau Hoc Quang qua i, c gia tc b hy dit, trong c v ca Hoc Quang, mi ngi trong nh gn nh b git sch. R rng l Hoc Quang cng khng trnh khi tai ha khng khip. Nu l chng ta chc cng kinh hn lc phch, tot m hi ht, ch c th ph phc m ni, thn xin ra sc, ht lng trung trinh cho ti cht. Xem ra, d gii thch l hy t thay i hay c t quyt mi vic; d Gia Ct Lng l Hoc Quang hoc l To Phi th bn ch hy t thay i cng l mt p lc cc k to ln i vi Gia Ct Lng. V vy, chng ta mun hi: Lu B c gy p lc hay l v tm m nh li? Hoc l thc tm gi gm hay l ngm ngm ci by? iu ny ch c Lu B mi r c, nhng cng c th suy on xem sao. V cng t suy on, Trn Th ni: mt lng mt d, L Bt ni: xut pht t tnh cm. H kt lun nh vy bi theo h, quan h gia Lu B v Gia Ct Lng nh c gp nc, lng d ha hp, khng h ngn cch. Trc lc lm chung gi con l vic th l ni nim, chn thnh c x. Nhng cc ngi ng mn qun mt mt iu, quan h d tt n u th qun thn vn l qun thn, vua d tin tng thn t ti u th vn l vua. Hung chi, Lu B li khng phi l v vua bnh thng. Lu B ra sc ginh git mi c c giang sn ny, vi mi ngi Lu B l thin h kiu hng. V vy, e khng nn hiu tm t ca Lu B qu n gin nh my th sinh. Phi ni l vua mi hiu nht tm t ca vua. V vy, nn lu tm ti li bnh ca hong Khang Hi. Theo Ng ph thng gim tp lm, Khang Hi nhn thy trong li ca Lu B c li, ngoi li ra cn c l, hn na cn t ra hp hi, ng vc. Khang Hi ni: chng phi Chiu Lit (Lu B) thng ni mnh v Gia Ct Lng tnh su nh c vi nc? L no Lu B li khng hiu Gia Ct Lng lun trung trinh nh nht? Vy

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sao khi gi con cn phi ni nhng li qui g, nghi ng ln ln nh vy (ni li nghi ng)? Khang Hi kt lun: phm hnh ngi trong thi i Tam Quc v cng qu quyt (ngi Tam Quc ly di tr lm u, ng ght)! l kt lun ca Khang Hi. Cch ni c coi l ging nhau. Thc tnh th li gi con ca Lu B u phi l tt xu ca Tam Quc? Ni chnh xc th l tm t vng. Tn Sch tuy cha phi l vng nhng tm t cng l vy. Tn Sch tuy cha phi l hong nhng cng l vua cha, vua cha t mnh ginh c giang sn. Nhng ngi nh vy, khng h mun c nghip kh khn mi ginh c ca mnh ri vo tay ngi khc. Nhng tht ng tic, nh trong Nhn thoi tam phn ngi Trn Nh ng ni: s phn Lu B v Tn Sch u khng tt. Hai ngi thay th, Tn Quyn mi tm, Lu Thin mi by u l v thnh nin (cha n tui i m). Tui tr c trn p ni my ng ch vn l kiu binh dng tng, khai quc nguyn hun kia khng? Khng th yn tm c. Khng yn tm nn phi gi con. Ngi c y thc khng th chn ty tin, phi l ngi c quan h tt, uy vng cao, nng lc mnh. Khng th y thc cho nhng ngi khng c quan h tt. y thc cho ngi uy vng khng cao, nng lc yu cng chng c ch g. Nhng ngi uy vng cao, th lc mnh s khng phi l ngi nhn lc c nhi qu ph, giang sn cha n nh ri ly m thay th ch? Khng gi hoc gi u rt kh khn. V kh khn nn phi nh bi nga. Hoc ni nh ngi Trn, c g ni ht thu trit. Th no l thu trit? Nu hn bt ti, ngi hy t thay i. Ni ti mc y, mi ngi s chng c g ni na. y l chiu thc cao siu. Nh trn ni, quan h d tt n my th qun thn vn l qun thn, vua tin tng thn t n my th vn l vua. Hung chi nh ngi Trn Nh ng ni: i vi ngi anh hng nh Lu B v Tn Sch, ngi c tin tng nht cng l ngi b nghi ng nht, bi v c hai bn hiu nhau n chn t k tc. V im ny, ngi lm vua hiu r nht v ngi l thn cng hiu r nht. Nu ai cng gi kn trong lng, s sinh ra xa cch v nghi ng; v trong lc gi con th khng th c xa cch v nghi ng; vy tt nht l ni thng ra, ni cho ht. Ni thng ni ht, th hai bn s hiu, ai cng yn tm. Lu B yn tm ra i, Gia Ct Lng yn tm m lm vic, chng vn c i ng, cng t u c li sao? ng nhin, trn lp trng c xa m xt, chiu cao minh ny khng phi l gc nhn hin i, nhng cng ch c th nh vy. Chng ta khng th yu cu Lu B l Washington. Cng c th c ngi ni: quan h qun thn, tm t vng bn nhc ti l ni chung, cn nh quan h ca Lu B v Gia Ct Lng khng th coi l quan h c bit c sao? Nn bit rng, hai ngi gp nhau, trc ba ln n lu tranh, sau c Vnh An gi con, c th coi l gan rut gii by, sng kh cng chu, l no ch l quan h chung chung? Rt nhiu ngi xa kia bit iu ny. Trong li ch dn Gia Ct Lng truyn ca Bi Tng Chi c ni: Qun thn tng ng ca Lng c

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coi l him c. Theo Tam quc ch - Tin ch truyn, Lu B cng ni: C c Khng Minh, nh c gp nc vy. vy, sao lc gi con cn phi ng vc, cn phi thu trit y? Xem ra, chng ta vn cn phi ni ti quan h gia Lu B v Gia Ct Lng. Vy, quan h gia Lu B v Gia Ct Lng l th no? Mi quan h c thc l him c khng? Nhng ch l tng ng ban u; ng l tng nh c gp nc, v cng ch l trc cuc chin Xch Bch. V sau th kh ni. Trong Tam quc ch - Gia Ct Lng truyn ghi chp rt r, sau ba ln n lu tranh Lu B v Gia Ct Lng thng ta gi tm tnh, hai bn tnh ngy mt thm thit dn ti Quan V Trng Phi cng khng vui. Trc trn chin Xch Bch, Gia Ct sang s ng Ng, ngoi giao m phn, gy dng lin minh Tn Lu, gip Lu B ngn gic ginh thng, thot cnh gian nan, c thm bn qun Giang Nam Kinh chu, nhn lm qun s Trung lang tng. Giai on ny c coi l k trng mt ca Lu B v Gia Ct Lng. Nhng t trn chin Xch Bch (Cng nguyn nm 208) n gi con thnh Bch (Cng nguyn nm 223), trong mi lm nm ny, t khi chng ta nhn thy bng dng cng ting ni ca Gia Ct Lng. Lu B vo Thc c Bng Thng i theo; tn cng Hn Trung mang theo Php Chnh. Cng vic ca Gia Ct Lng lc lo vic thu m, c lng nui qun lc trn gi Thnh , qun lng, th na cng Trng Phi, Triu Vn a qun vo Thc cng vy Thnh , khin ngi khc c cm gic h lui v tuyn hai. ng nhin, iu ny cng cha ni r c quan h gia Lu B v Gia Ct Lng c vn g. Ngc li, a v ca Gia Ct Lng lc ny ngang nh a v ca Tiu H nm no. Theo S k - Tiu tng qun th gia, lc Lu Bang chinh chin thin h, Tiu H cng khng cng nam chinh bc chin, ch tng cho l cha phi vt v g, ch bn lun bng bt mc. Nhng bnh cng lun thng lc xong vic, bao gi Lu Bang cng Tiu H l s mt. Sau khi Lu B xng , trong s cc i thn Gia Ct Lng cng v tr s mt. Trn thc t, lc u gi Kinh chu cng vy, sau ny gi Thnh cng vy, lc no trch nhim cng nng n. Bi v Kinh chu v Thnh u l cn c a, i bn doanh ca Lu B, cn c ngi mu lc gi dn, cn trng tin cy trng gi. Lo liu thu m, thc tc binh cng cng l vic ht sc quan trng, binh m cha hnh ng, lng tho phi y . Khng c lng tho th nh chc th no. Hn na, theo cch ni ca Trn Th trong Gia Ct Lng tp th c im ti nng ca Gia Ct Lng l k nh gic hay hn k mu, lo cho dn sinh tt hn tng lc. Vy th, ngi gii qun l dn trng gi hu phng ln, ngi gii k mu theo qun ra trn, chng phi r Lu B gii nhn ngi giao vic sao? V vy khng c vn .

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C iu sau trn chin Xch Bch, quan h gia Lu B v Gia Ct Lng c cht kh hiu. Chng ta u bit, Gia Ct Lng tng quy hoch chin lc cho Lu B v ni ting nht l Long Trung i. Theo l, sau trn chin Xch Bch, Lu B c kh nng thc hin quy hoch chin lc ny, Gia Ct Lng phi thy v vang m vui mng mi phi. Nhng khng hiu v sao Gia Ct Lng tr nn trm lng hn. Vo Thc, Bng Thng c th sc thao tng, by mu vch k; tin cng Hn Trung. Php Chnh vo sinh ra t, xut ch trng. V vy, Bng Thng t trn, Lu B thng nh n ri l; Php Chnh m mt, Lu B nc mt gin gia. Php Chnh, Bng Thng gn nh l ngi dc sc nhiu nht cho Lu B, tnh cm su m nht vi Lu B. D vy cng khng c g l. Gia Ct Lng l ngi lp ra quy hoch, nhng khng nht thit phi chp hnh; Bng Thng, Php Chnh theo Lu B nam chinh bc chin, tnh cm ngy mt su sc cng l l thng. Nhng iu k l l, Quan V nh Tng Phn, Lu B tin cng ng Ng, s thc ch r u l nhng quyt sch sai lm, nhng v sao Gia Ct Lng khng phn i? Lc Quan V nh Ngy (Cng nguyn nm 219), Php Chnh hy cn (l Thng th lnh, kim H qun tng qun), ng nhin Quan V phi nghe theo Php Chnh. Nhng lc Lu B nh Ng (Cng nguyn nm 221), Bng Thng khng cn, Php Chnh cng mt (mt vo Cng nguyn nm 220), v sao Gia Ct Lng vn khng ni mt li no? Theo Php Chnh truyn chng ta bit, sau khi Lu B bi trn Khiu nh, Gia Ct Lng tng th di ni: nu Php Hiu Trc (Php Chnh) cn s khng nh th ny. Nht nh Php Chnh s ngn c hong thng khng hong thng ng chinh (ngn c cha thng, lnh khng i v hng ng). V nu c ng chinh, cng khng thm bi th ny (tt khng v hon ton)! y l thi ca Gia Ct Lng sau trn chin Khiu nh v y cng l ti liu duy nht cn ghi li trong s sch. Phi chng y l iu sau ny Gia Ct Lng mi hiu c? E khng phi. Nhng nu l ng th l no ch xong vic Gia Ct Lng mi ni? Trn thc t th Gia Ct Lng c iu kh ni. Mi ngi u bit, trong quy hoch chin lc ca mnh Gia Ct Lng ch trng giao ho vi Tn Quyn, vi Tn Quyn c th gip, khng th ly. Xt v im ny, Gia Ct Lng khng my tn thnh vic nh Ng. Nhng li khng ni. V sao khng ni? C th l Gia Ct Lng khng mun mt Kinh chu hoc mang tm l may ri trong trn chin Khiu nh. Nhng cng khng th loi b mt kh nng na, bit, nhng ni th c tc dng g, chi bng khng ni. Vy, c chng c g v kh nng sau cng khng? C. Chng c c ngay trong cu ni ca Gia Ct Lng: nu Php Hiu Trc cn th c th ngn c cha thng. t cu ni rt r: th nht, Lu B ch nghe theo Php Chnh. Nu Php

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Chnh phn i, Lu B s khng nh Ng. Th hai, Php Chnh khng cn, Lu B khng nghe li ngi khc, k c li ca Gia Ct Lng. Hin nhin, quan h ca Php Chnh, v Gia Ct Lng vi Lu B c khc nhau. Lu B coi Gia Ct Lng knh trng nh khch, i vi Php Chnh th nghe li theo k. V y cng c th coi l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn khin Gia Ct Lng im ting khi Quan V nh Tng Phn. Vn cn mt s kin na nhm ni r quan h gia hai ngi c phn kh hiu. Theo Tam quc ch - Gia Ct Lng truyn, sau khi Lu B xng , Gia Ct Lng c lm tha tng, thm l Lc thng th s, gi tit, kim lun T L hiu y sau khi Trng Phi mt. Nhn b ngoi th thn phn, a v hay quyn lc v mi mt, Gia Ct Lng l s mt trong s cc qun thn trong chnh quyn Thc Hn, khng ai snh bng. Nhng xin lu , Gia Ct Lng l tha tng khng khai ph, ch khai ph lc Lu B t th. Chng ta u bit, thi ng Hn khng c chc tha tng, thi Ty Hn mi c ch tha tng, c im l c th khai ph tr s. Gi l khai ph l lp ph , c thuc quan, tc l c c cu lm vic ring, c cc quan chc di quyn. iu c ngha g? Tc l, tha tng c tng ph c lp vi hong cung; tha tng c tng quyn c lp vi hong quyn. V vy, To Tho khi phc ch tha tng ri t lm tha tng, s thc l mun ly bt quyn trong tay Hn Hin . Vy th Lu B Gia Ct Lng lm tha tng nhng khng khai ph ch c th hiu nh li ngi Trng Tc Diu ham khng phi Lu B lo ngh khi quyn lc b chia s m l Lu B cha hon ton tin tng Gia Ct Lng. Cng tc l, Lu B khng tn nhim v hn hoc hon ton tn nhim m l tn nhim c hn hoc tn nhim c bo lu i vi Gia Ct Lng. Quan h gia Gia Ct Lng v Lu B c cht bin i, nu ch v Lu B c mi ni c th khng sao. ng s nht l hai ngi c xung t v nim chnh tr. Mi ngi u r, Gia Ct Lng l nh chnh tr v i. Mt trong nhng iu khc bit gia chnh tr gia v chnh khch l, chnh tr gia c l tng, chnh khch ch quan tm ti li ch. Gia Ct Lng c l tng l phc hng Hn tht. L tng xuyn sut c cuc i. Cn nh Lu B c l tng khng? C th lc u c, nhng v sau qun mt. Theo c thng gim lun ca Vng Phu Chi, sau khi c c hai chu Kinh, ch, Lu B qun mt l tng (c Kinh, ch th qun mt). Lc ny Lu B ch mun li ch, khng cn l tng, nn mi nh Ng b nh Ngy. V vy Vng Phu Chi ni: ch kin ca Tin ch l tha thi t lp lm vua. Ci gi l khng cng Hn tc ch l chiu bi t xng vng xng . Lu B qun mt l tng ca mnh (hoc lc trc khng c), Gia Ct Lng vn cn nh. Nhng iu ng tic l, khng ai mun ni ra iu thay i nho nh . Lu B v nh khng h qun, Gia Ct Lng cng khng mun nhc nh hoc ni

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thng ra. Ai ny nh phi giu kn trong lng. Gia Ct Lng phi ra sc hon thnh mi cng vic, Lu B th da vo Php Chnh ginh nhiu li ch hn na. Vn l hin nay Php Chnh khut. Trong s cc mu thn, Bng Thng, Ha Tnh, Lu Ba, M Lng u mt; trong s v tng, Quan V, Trng Phi, M Siu, Hong Trung cng mt. Ngi cn li c nng lc v ting tm nht, tr Gia Ct Lng ra ch cn Triu Vn v Ngy Din. Lu B v cng tn nhim Ngy Din, mi khi Tin ch xut chinh vn c Php Chnh, v c Ngy Din, nhng v sao vn khng th gi con cho Ngy Din? Ngi c th gi con ch c th l Gia Ct Lng, v lc ny Gia Ct Lng cn l tha tng, Lc thng th s, gi tit, kim T l hiu y. Nhng quan h qun thn lc ny khc trc, nn mi c mn m u , mi c phng n phc tp khc - Thng th lnh L Nghim l ph. L Nghim nguyn l thi th Kin Vi, thng mi nm Chng V th II (Cng nguyn nm 222) ln lm thng th lnh, sau lc bi trn Khiu nh ti nay l bn thng, trc khi gi con Vnh An l su thng, r rng y l s sp t c bit ca Lu B. V s sp xp c bit ny, ngi in D Khnh ging vin i hc Bc Kinh c cch ni khc, chng ta s ni ti sau. Phn trn l nhn xt ca ti v vic Vnh An gi con, nhng y vn ch l s suy on. Nhng d l g th Lu B cng gi con cho Gia Ct Lng v Gia Ct Lng cng nhn trch nhim nng n vi chnh quyn Thc Hn. i vi mt chnh tr gia kit xut m ni, y khng ch l c hi thc hin nhim v chnh tr, l tng chnh tr, ng thi y cng l mt trch nhim nng n, mt p lc to ln. Hin nhin, l mt chnh tr gia mun tr l t nc, cng c chnh quyn th trc ht phi x l tt mi mi quan h. Vy, Gia Ct Lng lm g, v t , chng ta c th c c nhng gi g?

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PHN BN: LI C NHT THNG Tp th ba mi by: QUN THN C BIT Sau khi Lu B bnh v qua i Vnh An. Lu Thin k tha vng v ch l trn danh ngha, mi quyn hnh qun chnh u trao vo tay Gia Ct Lng, chnh quyn Thc Hn thi bc vo thi i Gia Ct Lng. y l thi k c bit trong lch s Trung Quc, quan h qun thn gia Lu Thin v Gia Ct Lng cng l mt quan h c bit. Vy quan h gia h l th no? ng sau mi quan h c bit cn iu g b n y? Ngy hai mi t thng t nm Chng V th III (mng 10 thng 6 Cng nguyn nm 223), Lu B bng h ti cung Vnh An, trc lc lm chung gi con cho tha tng Lng, Thng th lnh L Nghim l ph, chnh quyn Thc Hn bc vo thi i mi. C th gi l thi i Gia Ct Lng. Bi v Lu B khng ch gi con ca mnh m cn gi c chnh quyn Thc Hn. i vi Gia Ct Lng, c th coi y l c may v l cuc chin sinh tn. Mt mt, Gia Ct Lng c th bt u thc hin nhim v chnh tr, l tng chnh tr ca mnh; mt khc, Gia Ct Lng cng phi i mt vi bao nhiu vn kh khn. Chng ta u bit, Gia Ct Lng l chnh tr gia kit xut. Th no l chnh tr? Chnh tr l quan h. Cng c th ni, chnh tr l x l mi mi quan h. t nht cng c bn mi quan h m Gia Ct Lng cn gii quyt: quan h qun thn, quan h ng liu, quan h b bn v quan h i vi k th. y u l nhng mi quan h rt quan trng, nhng theo ch ca mt t nc c vua cha th mi quan h u tin, gay cn nht l mi quan h qun thn gia Gia Ct Lng v Lu Thin. y r rng l c nhiu vn . Bi v cch gi con ca Lu B l kh c bit, va c s bn giao ngi lm vic vi tha tng, phi coi tha tng nh cha va c s sp xp nu hn bt ti, ngi hy t thay i, ng l khng chung chung. V vy xut hin ngay vn th nht: Lu Thin chp hnh di chc ca Lu B nh th no? p n l khng nh. Trong Tam quc ch - Gia Ct Lng truyn cn ghi, Kin Hng nm u, phong Lng V hng hu, khai ph lm vic. t lu sau lnh ch chu mc. Chnh s, mi vic u do Lng quyt. R rng, Lu Thin khng ch lm theo di chc ca Lu B m cn lm hn th na. Chng ta nn tm hiu tng vic tng vic mt. 1- Phong V hng hu. V hng, ngi xa gii thch l hang V Hng Nam Trnh, ngi Miu Vit cho l sai lm, phi l huyn V Hng qun Lang Nha. V Gia Ct Lng l ngi qun Lang Nha, nn phong cho Gia Ct Lng huyn V

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Hng, qun Lang Nha; ging nh Trng Phi ngi qun Trc th phong Lang Nha Trng Phi l Ty Hng hu. Ty Hng v V Hng u l huyn. Ngy nay huyn Ty Hng nm v pha ty nam Phng Sn, Bc Kinh, thi Ty Hn huyn V Hng thuc qun Lang Nha, sau ny b xa b. V vy Trng Phi v Gia Ct Lng u l huyn hu, khng phi l Hng hu. C ngi ni: huyn V Hng qun Lang Nha khng thuc t Thc sao c th phong c? Thc ra y l mt loi ch t thi , gi l dao lnh, ging nh Lu Vnh - con ca Lu B c phong l L vng, Lu L phong l Lng vng. Sau ny Tn Quyn cng phong ch vng theo cch thc . Phong nh vy c hai ngha. Mt l nng cao a v ca ngi c phong, hai, mun chng t mnh l ch thin h. Cn mt ngha na i vi chnh quyn Thc Hn, chng t mnh l chnh thng. 2- Khai ph lm vic. Khai ph, tc l dng ph , chn quan vin, cng tc l xy dng h thng quan vin v mt c cu lm vic tng i c lp ca ring mnh. Thi u nh Ty Hn, tha tng, thi y, ng s i phu, c ba chc Tam cng ny u c khai ph. V sau i tng qun cng khai ph. To Tho khi phc ch tha tng, ln lm tha tng cng c khai ph; Lu B Gia Ct Lng lm tha tng nhng khng khai ph. y c s khc bit rt ln. Khai ph s c tng quyn tng i c lp vi hong quyn, khng khai ph s khng c. V vy, ngh ca vic ny l ln lao nht, sau ny s ni tip. 3- Lnh ch chu mc. Chng ta u bit, ci gi l Thc Hn k thc ch l ch chu. Ni m tha tng Thc Hn qun v ni m ch chu mc qun chng khc g nhau. Vy th, tha tng kim ch chu mc chng phi ch thm rm r hay sao? ng nhin l khng phi, v mt a l, Thc Hn tc l ch chu; nhng v th ch nh nc th Thc Hn l Thc Hn, ch chu l ch chu. S khc bit l ch no? Thc Hn l vng triu, ch chu l qun huyn; tha tng Thc Hn l chc quyn trung ng. ch chu mc l quan vin a phng. Ngi trc, c quyn hnh chnh trung ng, ngi sau, c quyn hnh chnh a phng. Quyn hn ca hai chc v trn khng ging nhau, trch nhim cng khc nhau. Chu mc l quan qun dn, tha tng l quan qun quan. ng nhin, chu mc cng qun quan (qun l thi th v huyn lnh), nhng tha tng th khng qun dn. V vy xt v mt ch th l hai chc v khc nhau. Nhng Lu Thin giao c hai chc v cho Gia Ct Lng. iu rt c ngha. Nhn li thy: phong V Hng hu l ban cho Gia Ct Lng a v tn qu; khai ph lm vic l Gia Ct Lng c tng quyn c lp; lnh ch chu mc l cho Gia Ct Lng quyn qun dn. iu ngang nh trao c nc Thc t trn xung di cho Gia Ct Lng.

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Trn thc t, Gia Ct Lng khng ch ng trn mi ngi m cn nm trn quyn ln. Theo ch dn Ngy lc ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Hu ch truyn, sau khi k v, Lu Thin xc nh r rng: chnh, do h Ct; t, do qu nhn. Nh vy ngha l g? Ngha l: mi vic quan trng v qun, chnh u do Gia Ct Lng x l, mnh ch l mt nguyn th quc gia trn danh ngha. Nu ni trong chnh s khng thy ghi my li , chc g l thc. Vy s thc th trong Tam quc ch Gia Ct Lng truyn ghi: chnh s d to nh, do Lng gii quyt tt. iu ny ging ht nh bn ch To Tho. To Tho ng u v chc v th sao? V Bnh hu (huyn hu), tha tng (khai ph), lnh K chu mc. Cn Gia Ct Lng? V Hng hu (huyn hu), tha tng (khai ph); lnh ch chu mc. Nh vy l trng hp ht ch ni. Duy c iu khc nhau l: ch t To Tho cng t ginh c mt na nhng ci m mnh c, ring V Bnh hu l do Hn Hin phong cho, cn nhng ci m Gia Ct Lng c u do Tin ch v Hu ch ban tng. Nhng t nguyn cng tt, buc phi cng tt, v mt bn cht th hai v hong Lu Thin v Lu Bin chng khc g nhau, u l con du cao su. V vy chng ta cn phi hi cu hi th hai: cm gic ca Lu Thin nh th no? Ti ngh l khng vui. C chng c khng? C. Theo ch dn Tng Dng k ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Gia Ct Lng truyn, sau khi Gia Ct Lng t th khp ni ngi ngi u yu cu lp miu c tha tng, nhng khng c ph chun. Nhn dn qun chng u phi chn ngy cng t ring khp mi ni. V ri c ngi ni: dng miu khp ni l khng cn, nhng lp miu Thnh th c th, Hu ch vn khng theo. D lun xn xao, bt bnh, triu d chia thnh phe phi i lp, may sao c ngi ng ra dn xp n tha. H dng biu ln Lu Thin, ni: sng bi thnh hin, truy n cng thn l m c tt p xa nay. V Gia Ct Lng cng lao ci th, s tn vong ca vng tht u nh c vo ng. Hn na c nhn dn qun chng cng t khp ni, u ng cui ng, trong vn di rung cng ng, t ngoi ng l khng phi. ng nhin, lp miu Thnh l khng hp l, v theo l miu ca hong mi c dng y. Lm sao y? Nn lp miu tha tng Gia Ct Lng ngay trc m (gn m ca ngi), trn ni nh Qun (dng Min Dng). Cn c quy nh, mi ngi dn mun cng t Gia Ct Lng u phi n miu ( ti miu), khng th ty tin cng t ring. Tc l, vn nn lp miu, nhng khng phi Thnh , khp mi ni trong c nc m trc m tha tng. Lc ny Lu Thin mi ng (bt u nghe theo). Ngi dng biu l Binh b hiu y Tp Long, Trung th lang Hng Sung, khng phi l nhn vt tm c g. c k t biu mi thy h phi lao tm kh t, bn bc k lng c ton vn nh th no? Trc ht ly c nhn lm l (ngi Chu nh cng c ca Triu B m khng nh Cam ng; Vit vng nh cng

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Phm Li cho c tng vng gi li), sau l gii thot cho Lu Thin (dng miu kinh s l bc tng miu, khin bng thnh sinh nghi), cui cng mi c phng n khin Hu ch c th tip nhn c: quy nh ch c dng miu v cng t trc m Gia Ct Lng. Ngh xem, m ca Gia Ct Lng xa xi tn ni nh Qun Hn Trung th s c my ngi ti ? Nh vy, khng th hon ton cm Ton dn t ring, nhng Lu Thin li c th tip nhn c. R rng l Lu Thin khng my thch th vi chuyn ny. C ngi ni: Lu Thin khng ph chun vic lp miu Gia Ct Lng l c cn c, cn c l l php. Tng Dng k ni rt r, triu ngh ly l m khng theo! iu ny thc kh hiu! Biu vn ca Tp Long v my ngi khc ni nh th no? Bn trm nm vng triu i Hn dng bia, vit truyn, tc tng lp miu cho bao ngi t nhiu c cng c c (t Hn hng li y bao ngi c tc hnh lp miu v t nhiu c cng c c), l no mt hong i Hn xa nay cha tng ni ti l ngha, quy phm sao? D ch t nhiu c cng c c c tc tng, dng miu, ng ny tha tng Gia Ct Lng i n i c, dng miu cho ngi l phm lut chng? Hn na, Lu Thin cha hn l ngi lun gi quy ch. Sau khi Khng Minh t th, Lu Thin bi b ch tha tng, nh ch vic bc pht Trung Nguyn, vy sao khng th ph l mt ln cho Gia Ct Lng? Ni thng ra rng, Lu Thin c phn hp hi, c iu g khng vui trong lng. V vy chng ta cn hi v vn th ba: V sao Lu Thin khng vui? C ba nguyn nhn. Th nht, nh l b giam lng. Cu b Lu Thin sau khi k v, c khng bao gi ra khi cung. Mi hn mt nm sau khi Gia Ct Lng t th, tc l vo thng t nm Kin Hng th XIV (Cng nguyn nm 236), ln u n p Giang xem Mn Giang. Sau ny Trn Th trnh trng ghi chuyn vo Tam quc ch - Hu ch truyn. Chng ta u bit, p Giang l cng trnh thy li ni ting thi c Trung Quc, l vua ca vng triu Thc Hn, n th st l vic hon ton nn lm, nhng cng c li ph bnh. Lc ch dn T tr thng gim, H Tam Tnh ni: khng cn Gia Ct Lng (Gia Ct Lng mt) nn Lu Thin mi chy ra ngoi du ngon (Hn ch du quan), tt nhin, khng ai ngn c ngi (khng ai dm cn). R rng, khi Gia Ct Lng cn, Lu Thin khng dm i. Hoc mun i cng b Gia Ct Lng ngn li. Lu Thin ln ngi hong lc mi by tui, ti khi Gia Ct Lng qua i. Lu Thin mi hai mi chn tui. Mi ngn ny tui m ngy no cng b nht trong cung, khng bun sao c? Hn na, mt ngi sp tham chnh li khng ra ngoi tm hiu tnh hnh hay sao? V vy, ngi Trn Nh ng ni: Gia Ct Lng lm cho Lu Thin thy ut. Th hai, lun c dy bo. Nm Kin Hng th V (Cng nguyn nm 227), Gia Ct Lng chun b Bc pht. Trc khi ln ng, Gia Ct Lng c biu ra qun ln

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Lu Thin. Biu ra qun li vn hoa m, t su xa lu li thin c, mi khi c li, ai ny u cm thy mn phc, xc ng khng dt. Nhng Lu Thin li l ngi khng thy th. Bi v, khu kh Gia Ct Lng trong vn biu hon ton nh li dy tr con. No l khng nn s sut, dn ti mt ngha, no l khng nn t ti, khng nn c x khc bit, ton l nhng li kh nghe. Cng c ngi ni: kh nghe th lm sao? Li trung th nghch nh m! Xin li, th l bn lc . y ti khng mun bn xem Gia Ct Lng ni ng hay sai, ch mun bn Lu Thin nghe xong vui hay khng vui. Gia Ct Lng ni ng, nhng Lu Thin nghe xong khng vui, c th l nh vy. Hn na, trong li ni ca mnh, Gia Ct Lng lun nhc ti tin . Bn xem, trong li biu ngn gn c ti hn mi ch nhc ti tin . Nh vy, lc thng cng lun khng vui. Lc no cng tin l nh vy cn trm th sao? Th ba, kh lng thn chnh. Chng ta u bit, Gia Ct Lng ch l c mnh i thn, khng l nhip chnh vng, cng khng l hong . Nhim v Gia Ct Lng l ph t Lu Thin, khng thay th Lu Thin. Gi con tc l vua mi cn nh nn mi phi gi. Sau khi vua trng thnh nn vua thn chnh. V, Lu B ni rt r: nu hn bt ti, ngi hy t thay i. Vy, nu Lu Thin ti th sao? ng nhin, khng th t thay i. Nhng chng ta khng h thy Gia Ct Lng c d nh tr chnh quyn li cho vua, v cng khng bit, trong k hoch ca mnh, bao gi Gia Ct Lng mi Lu Thin t mt Hong kin tp bin thnh Hong ti chc. Thi gian thc tp ca Lu Thin hu nh cha , hu nh khng th chuyn thnh chnh thc. Xin hi, nu bn l Lu Thin, liu c vui c khng? Nh b giam lng, lun c dy bo, kh lng thn chnh, c ba iu ny cng li th hn l Lu Thin khng vui. V vy, chng ta mun hi vn th t: V sao Gia Ct Lng khng chu tr li chnh quyn cho vua? Cch ni thng thng l Lu Thin qu km. Mt Lu A u vc mi khng xong! Giao c nc Thc cho hn, chng phi l ht sao? C chng c g m ni vy? C. C bn chng c. Th nht, thn tn l l tiu nhn. iu ny, mi ngi u bit, khng cn phi ni. Hn na, thn tn l tiu nhn e c d bo t trc, nu khng th sao trong Biu ra qun ca mnh Gia Ct Lng phi ni Tin Hn, Hu Hn nh th ny nh th kia. Th hai, khng nh m hng. iu ny, mi ngi cng bit. Hn na, theo ch dn Hn Tn Xun Thu ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Hu ch truyn, khi Lu Thin chun b u hng, ngi con th nm - Bc a vng Lu Thm t r thi phn i. Lu Thm ni vi ph hong, cho d chng ta cng ng, bi trn, th cng nn vua ti, cha con ng tm hip lc, x thn v t nc nh trn cui Bi Thy. Nh vy mi xng vi Tin ! Nhng Lu Thin vn khng nghe, Lu

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Thm chy thng ti miu Lu B khc lc, ri sau c nh cng t st. Snh vi hnh ng ca Lu Thm phi chng Lu Thin cng t ra hn yu? Th ba, vong n bi ngha. Theo ch dn Vn Bit truyn ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Hu ch truyn, nm Cnh Diu th III (Cng nguyn nm 260), Lu Thin truy ch cho cc tng qun qu c, Quan V, Trng Phi, M Siu, Hong Trung u c truy tng. Quan V l Trng mu hu, Trng Phi l Hon hu, M Siu l Uy hu, Hong Trung l Cng hu, ch mnh Triu Vn l khng c phong. V sau nh c Khng Duy v my ngi khc t thi bt bnh, nn mi ti nm th hai mi truy ch Triu Vn l Thun Bnh hu. Triu Vn l i cng thn trong tp on Lu B v cn l i n nhn ca Lu Thin. Truy ch cho c nhn, nhng li khng nh ti Triu Vn, phi nh ngi khc nhc nh, th chng phi l vong n bi ngha sao? Th t, khng c tnh cm. Theo ch dn Hn Tn Xun Thu ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Hu ch truyn, sau khi u hng, Lu Thin n Lc Dng v c phong l An Lc hu. T M Chiu m tic chiu i Lu Thin, v cho din tu khc nhc ca nc Thc (ni ln ci hay ca nc Thc c). Ca k ca nc Thc bun b nhy ma trc cung nh Ngy, tnh cnh ht sc ai on, bi thng! Mi ngi chung quanh u cm thy bun thng, ring Lu Thin ti ci sung sng. T M Chiu thy th ly lm chng mt. T M Chiu ni vi l b h, con ngi sao c th v tnh n nh vy (cng khng nn v tnh n nh vy)! Ri mt hm T M Chiu hi Lu Thin: chc l nh nc Thc lm? Lu Thin ni: y rt vui, khng nh nc Thc na ( y vui, khng nh Thc). ng l chng ra g. Th ri H Chnh mt cu thn theo chn Lu Thin vo Lc Dng n ni: ln sau c hi cha cng nn ni phn m tin nhn cn nn ngy no cng nh, sau th nhm mt li. Sau ny T M Chiu li hi chuyn , Lu Thin ni ng nh my li H Chnh bo. T M Chiu nghe xong ly lm ng ni: nghe sao ging ging ca H Chnh th? Lu Thin m mt ra, ni lun, ngi on ng ri, ng l ng y (ngi dy qu khng sai)! Kt qu l mi ngi c mt u ci (t hu u ci). Bn ni xem, ng l Lu Thin chng c cht tnh cm no? Chng ta vn c th bn bc v nhng chuyn ny. Th nht, liu c hong thi no khng c nhng k tiu nhn bn cnh? Hn Vn c khng? Hn V c khng? Bn cnh Chiu Lit hong Lu B l no li khng c? V nh Php Chnh n, nhiu ngi bo ng ta l tiu nhn. Gia Ct Lng, Tng Uyn, Ph Y, ng Don, gi l t anh, trc sau cng ph t Lu Thin. Chnh quyn Lu Thin chng phi ni cc hin nhn sao? Th hai, cng c th bn chuyn khng nh m hng. Trong lch s nhng k khng nh m hng khng phi ch c Lu Thin, Lu Chng l mt v d. L no

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Lu Chng khng nh hng l b ch ti ra ch sng, Lu Thin khng nh hng l vt quyn nhc nc sao? E khng hp l chng? ng nhin, Lu Thin v Lu Chng c ch khc nhau. Lu Chng tng ni rt r: hn hai mi nm nay cha con h Lu t ch chu, cha lm c iu g cho dn sung sng, ngc li trm h lun kh i v chin tranh, khng sao chu ni! l s thc. Cn Lu Thin khng h ngh nh vy. Lu Thin mi ngh ti vic sng cht ca mnh, nn mi nh tho chy. Ch v chy khng c nn mi u hng. V vy khng cn g ng ni khi Lu Thin khng nh m hng. Nhng vic Thc Hn mt nc khng phi l trch nhim ca mt mnh Lu Thin, khng th v Lu Thin l vua mt nc m ni ti cn tu ro mng. Th ba, khng truy ch cho Triu Vn l c nguyn nhn, v lc xng vng, Lu B ch phong bn vin i tng: Tin tng qun Quan V, Hu tng qun Trng Phi, T tng qun M Siu v Hu tng qun Hong Trung, khng c Triu Vn cng khng c ci gi l Ng h thng tng. Thc t th c i Triu Vn cha c c danh hiu tng qun, lc Lu B cn sng, ch l Dc qun tng qun, Trn ng tng qun, sau ny v tht li K Cc nn b ging xung lm Trn qun tng qun. V vy, a v ca Triu Vn lun khng bng Quan, Trng, M, Hong. Lu Thin truy ch cho cc tng qun qu c l theo l v danh sch bn vin i tng. cng l k tha cch lm ca cha mnh. ng nhin, nh vy l vong n bi ngha, l iu lm cho Triu Vn bun kh. Nhng mn n ny phi ln u Lu B trc, khng th ch trch mt mnh Lu Thin. Hn na cui cng Lu Thin truy ch cho Triu Vn, phi ni l vic lm ng mc, sao cn l sai lm ln? Th t, biu hin ca Lu Thin trc T M Chiu thc c c. D l vua mt nc cng khng nn hn yu nh vy, mt c ct cch, lng khng trung thc. Lu Thin hng Ngy c mi ba nm th Ng Tn Ho cng hng Tn, c phong l Quy mnh hu, thp hn Lu Thin mt cp. Theo Tn th - V k, Tn Ho n Lc Dng ln in bi kin Tn V T M Vim. T M Vim cho Tn Ho ngi ri ni: trm ngi y ch tc h, ch lu ri. Ai ng Tn Ho xung nga nhng khng tho yn, c cung cht n t vn cn cay, un li chm lun, min Nam thn cng ngi ch b h! Ngi ta thng ni: tng bi trn khng dm ni cng. Tn Ho l vua mt nc, i mt vi ngi thng mnh vn cng ci nhng y, li ni cn c gi tr thm m hn Lu Thin. Nhng Lu Thin tuy hn yu, nhng tuyt khng yu tr. Lu Thin khng c ct cch, nhng khng phi khng c cch nhn. Ni trng ra, Lu Thin v in v ngc. Lu Thin rt r, l vua mt nc th mi mi khng th tr v, gi c tnh mng l may. Lu Thin cng r, mun gi c tnh mng, phi lm cho ngi khc hiu mnh khng cn bng d bo th. Khng cn tng nh nc Thc na. ng

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nh Tam quc ch tp gii dn li Vu Thn Hnh ni: lng nh Thc, (T M) Chiu cng khng mun nghe. V vy, Lu Thin cn phi t ra vui m qun Thc. Hn na, Lu Thin cn phi t ra, d c lng nh Thc cng l do ngi khc dy cho, cn mnh ch hc m cng khng ging. Kt qu, khi m t hu u ci th ci chc An Lc cng kia mi thc l an lc. Cu ni: mt ngi trung thnh khng ch chng t mnh khng nh Thc, cn chng t mnh chng cn bng d no, ng l nht c lng tin. Lm c nh vy rt kh. Ngh xem, sau khi Lu Thin ni li m H Chnh bo, nu T M Chiu khng hi sao m ging li ca H Chnh th s th no y? iu ny ni r, Lu Thin cng bo gan, dm c cc th ny; phi l ngi c tr, mi on c T M Chiu s hi nh vy. Bt lun l th no, chng t Lu Thin khng phi l bao c. K thc th Gia Ct Lng tng ni v tr lc ca Lu Thin. Theo ch dn Gia Ct Lng tp ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Tin ch truyn, trc lc lm chung Lu B tng c di chiu cho Lu Thin, ni tha tng cho con l tr nh rt tt, chng my chc s c nh mong mun. Nu ng vy th trm cng yn lng. Gia Ct Lng khng h b , Lu B cng l ngi hiu bit, nn ni nh vy l c c s. Hoc c ngi ni: l Gia Ct Lng an i Lu B ni khng c thin . Cng c kh nng l vy. Nhng d c ni khng ti u cng khng phi l tr nh rt tt. Cng tc l ni nhiu lm th Lu Thin cng ch l ngi bnh thng, tr nh khng ti. S thc th Lu Thin khng phi l ngi khng c u c. Trong bi Lu Thin v Gia Ct Lng, ngi Don Vn Cng nu hai s kin ni r iu ny. S kin th nht, sau khi Gia Ct Lng qua i, Lu Thin khng ct c tha tng khi mt i quyn ln na. Cch lm ca Lu Thin cng rt tinh t. Nm Kin Hng th XII (Cng nguyn nm 234), Lu Thin Tng Uyn l Thng th lnh, thay Gia Ct Lng qun xuyn vic nc. Thng t nm Kin Hng th XIII (Cng nguyn nm 235), c Tng Uyn l i tng qun, Lc thng th s, khi phc ch sau Hn V . Nm Din Hi th II (Cng nguyn nm 239), c Tng Uyn l i t m. Nm Din An th VI (Cng nguyn nm 243), c Thng th lnh Ph Y l i tng qun, cn l Lc thng th s. i t m Tng Uyn qun v hnh chnh, kim qun qun s. i tng qun Ph Y qun v qun s, kim qun hnh chnh. Hai v i thn quyn lc giao nhau, khc ch ln nhau, trch nhim nng n. Cung cch sp t chc quyn, phn phi quyn lc sng sut nh vy, phi chng mt ngi km ci c th ngh ra? Hn na, theo ch dn Ngy lc ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Hu ch truyn, nm Din Hi th IX (Cng nguyn nm 246), sau lc Tng Uyn qua i, Lu Thin t nm vic nc. ot li quyn lc ca vua trong tay quyn thn ph t mt cch nh nhng nh vy, u phi l vic lm ca ngi km ci?

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S kin th hai l: thng su, Din Hi nm u (Cng nguyn nm 238), T M dn qun ti Liu ng nh Cng Tn Uyn. Di con mt ngi Thc lc , y l c hi Bc pht c li. Nhng Lu Thin li c lnh cho Tng Uyn mt cch bnh tnh v khch quan. Trong Tam quc ch - Tng Uyn truyn, Lu Thin ni: nm Trn Thng, Ng Qung khi ngha dy ln ln sng phn To khp trong ba qun Liu ng! Xem ra tri xanh mun hy dit To Ngy ri. Mong i khanh chun b hnh trang, thng lnh ba qun tin vo Hn Trung. Ch khi qun Ng bt u hnh ng (bn Ng c ng), ng ty hai mt cng ng hp (ng ty th gic) v khi ni b nc Ngy xut hin vn l c th bt u tn cng (tha dp chng s h). Tt nht l ch bn Ng c ng, ng ty th gic, tha c ch s h! Thc ra y l li cnh gii Tng Uyn, khng nn khinh xut, manh ng, ko li ri vo vt xe ngi i trc, vt v m chng n thua g. Ngi km ci li bit vy sao? Khng! T cho thy, Lu Thin khng h km ci nh mi ngi tng ngh. S d Lu Thin phi t ra km ci bi v t nc (Lu B, Gia Ct Lng) v i th (Tn Quyn, T M ) qu mnh, v mnh ch l vua mt nc. Nu l thi bnh, thin h l mt th Lu Thin rt c th l v vua gi thnh rt tt. Lc ny chng ta li cn phi hi tip: v sao Gia Ct Lng li c chim i quyn, khng chu hon tr cho vua? Mt cch ni l, Lu Thin cha c kinh nghim chp chnh. Nh trong ch dn Ngy lc ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Hu ch truyn, ni: Gia Ct Lng nm quyn trong ngoi, v s Thin cha quen chp chnh. Quen ging nh thun thc. Gi l cha quen cng tc l cha quen thuc. Lu Thin cha tng lm hong , ng nhin l cha quen vi cng vic hnh chnh. Vy, nu quen th sao? Hn na, khng Lu Thin thc tp, thc hnh c th th quen th no c? V vy, li ni khng hp l, hoc ch l li gii thch khng my thuyt phc. Ti on, c th c ba nguyn nhn khin Gia Ct Lng lm nh vy. Mt l bui u nh Hn, vua gi tng tht. Trong cun quc ch tr trng, ti tng ni, trong lch s Trung Hoa quc c cu chnh quyn trung ng bui u thi Ty Hn l c cu tt nht. iu hp l nht l phn chia thnh cung nh v triu nh hoc hong quyn v tng quyn. Hong l nguyn th quc gia, tng trng cho vic thng nht t nc; t tng l u no ca chnh ph cng cc quan qun l quc gia, chu trch nhim thc t v mi mt chnh tr. Hong cm quyn nhng khng ph trch, t tng ph trch nhng li khng c ch quyn, mt khi t nc c chuyn, hong vi danh ngha l ngi cm quyn c th trch vn t tng v chnh ph, t tng v chnh ph cng khng th khng tha nhn trch nhim chnh tr. Nh vy, chnh ph do t tng cm u c kh nng tr thnh ni

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cc c trch nhim hoc chnh ph b trch vn. Giai on m Gia Ct Lng ch chnh trong chnh quyn Thc Hn l nh vy. Xut s biu ni: Xin b h cho thn i nh gic phc hng; nu khng kt qu s tr ti thn, bm co vi tin . Nh vy l tt nht, va c nm quyn va c trch vn. Ngc li, hong thn chnh l khng hay. Hong t mnh nm quyn li t mnh thn chnh th mt khi t nc c chuyn th khng c ngi ph trch, khng bit trch vn ai, nh vy l khng hay. V vy cn phi vua ngi y tng lm vic, nh Lu Thin tng ni: chnh, do h Ct, t, do qu nhn. Tic rng, Gia Ct Lng va t th th ngi mt, chnh ngh. Phi ni l rt ng tic. Hai l ng xa vic nng, khng dm ri tay. Xut s biu ni: tin bit thn thn trng, trc khi bng h giao vic ln. T lc nhn lnh ngy m lo ngh, ch e vic giao khng thnh, phng hi n s sng sut ca Tin . y l li thc, Gia Ct Lng l ngi rt c trch nhim. S vic lm khng tt, Gia Ct Lng khng yn tm vi ngi khc. Th chu mt mi, khng chu bung tay. C th trong mt Gia Ct Lng, Lu Thin ch l a tr, sao c th ph thc t nc cho Lu Thin? Ba l trong ngoi y kh khn, nguy c t bn pha. Xut s biu ni: Thin h chia ba, ch chu mt mi, nguy cp tn vong ang cn k. y cng l li thc. Lc Gia Ct Lng tip qun ton b chnh quyn Thc, nc Thc c nhiu kh khn. Bc c To Ngy, ng c ng Ng, b ngoi th ni b chnh quyn Thc Hn l ha thun, nhng thc t th c nhiu mu thun nng n. Chnh v nhiu mi mu thun phc tp nng n , Gia Ct Lng b p lc ln, cn phi thn trng t m x l quan h gia mnh v ng liu, gii quyt nhiu vn gay gt cng thng. V cng ch c Gia Ct Lng mi c th x l tt. E cng l mt trong s nguyn nhn khin Gia Ct Lng khng th d dng tr li chnh quyn cho vua. Vy, trong ni b chnh quyn Thc Hn c nhng mu thun g? iu ct li l th no? Gia Ct Lng gii quyt ra sao? Tp th ba mi tm: NC LA KH DUNG Trc lc bnh v qua i cung Vnh An, Lu B sp t mt c cu ph thn Lng chnh, Nghim ph, ri gi con cho Gia Ct Lng vi Thng th lnh L Nghim l ph. Nhng, sau khi Lu B mt, L Nghim khng th c c tc dng ca ph thn. Ngc li, tm nm sau, L Nghim b ph trut v lu y. V sao Gia Ct Lng phi lm nh vy? ng sau quyt nh cng rn c nguyn nhn su xa no v mt chnh tr khng? Tp trc chng ta ni ti quan h qun thn gia Gia Ct Lng v Lu Thin, tp ny ni vic Gia Ct Lng x l mi quan h th hai: quan h vi ng liu. nc Thc, Gia Ct Lng c rt nhiu ng liu, nhng L Nghim l ngi quan

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trng nht. V sao? V u l c mnh, u nhn di chiu. Theo Tam quc ch - Tin ch truyn, trc lc lm chung, Lu B tng gi con cho tha tng Lng, vi Thng th lnh L Nghim l ph. L Nghim truyn cng ni: L Nghim cng tha tng Lng nhn di chiu ph t thiu cha, hn na Lu B cn Nghim l Trung h, coi vic qun trong ngoi, lu gi Vnh An. Cch sp t ny, ging ht nh tnh hnh sau lc Tn Sch qua i. Theo Trng Chiu truyn v Chu Du truyn trong Tam quc ch, trc lc lm chung Tn Sch tng gi con cho Trng Chiu, Chu Du cng l Trung h qun cng nm quyn vi Trng s Trng Chiu. Gia Ct Lng nhn chc tha tng v Trng Chiu nhn chc Trng s u l quan vn hoc l trng quan hnh chnh; L Nghim nhn chc Trung h v Chu Du nhn chc Trung h qun u l quan v hoc trng quan qun s. Chu Du v Trng Chiu cng nm quyn, L Nghim v Khng Minh cng nhn di chiu, mt vn mt v, mt chnh mt ph, thc ging ht nhau! y ni ln iu g? Ni rng, trong mt Lu B, L Nghim tc l Chu Du hoc hy vng L Nghim s l Chu Du. Vy, L Nghim c c tc dng nh Chu Du khng? Khng. L Nghim khng nhng khng th cng Gia Ct Lng ph t Lu Thin, ngc li tm nm sau khi Lu B qua i cn b ph trut, thn bi danh lit. iu khc hn vi tnh hnh ca Chu Du v cng l nghi n cn lu li trong lch s. y, chng ta s ni ti nghi n ny. Bi vy, chng ta cn ni ti qu trnh L Nghim b ph trut. Theo Tam quc ch - L Nghim truyn, ni chung s vic l th ny: Thc Hn nm Kin Hng th IX (Cng nguyn nm 231), bn ln Gia Ct Lng ra K Sn, bc pht To Ngy, L Nghim lo vic vn chuyn lng thc. Lc ny L Nghim i tn l L Bnh ( tin cho c gi chng ta vn gi l L Nghim), vi danh phn l Trung h, thay tha tng lo vic tng ph, trong c vic lo vn chuyn lng tho. Tic l vn kh L Nghim rt km. Lc ny gn ht h sang thu, ma to gi ln, khng c cch g qun lng ra tin phng ng hn. Th ri, L Nghim c ngi ra ni r tnh hnh v suy ngh ca mnh, mong Gia Ct Lng hi qun (mong Lng tr v), Gia Ct Lng ng (tha tng lui qun). Nhng lc tin tc lui qun truyn v, L Nghim li v k l: i ch, qun lng y th, sao li lui qun (qun lng sung tc, c chi li v)? Sau cn dng biu ln Lu Thin ni: Gia Ct Lng trit qun l v lui, mc ch l d ch vo su (d ch nh). ng nhin l sai s thc, mi ngi hoi nghi. Gia Ct Lng ch cn cch b ht th tn, bt tch trc sau ca L Nghim ra cho mi ngi xem (a ht th tn, bt tch trc sau ra). L Nghim khng cn g ni na (tt c u ht), nh phi ci u nhn ti (ci u t ti).

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l ton b cu chuyn L Nghim b ph b, nhng ngi hiu bit t nghi ng cc tnh tit . 1- ng c phm ti khng r rng. Tam quc ch ni: L Nghim thoi thc trch nhim (gii thch vic mnh khng lm) v v cho ngi khc (Lng c ti khng tin qun). trc nghe cn c, nhng sau c vn . Vn biu ca L Nghim ni rt r, Gia Ct Lng trit qun d ch nh. R rng l d ch vo su ly thoi tin, sao c th l Lng c ti khng tin qun? 2- Cch thc ti cho ngi khc km ci. Nu L Nghim mun hm hi Gia Ct Lng, sao c th ni nng tin hu bt nht, cn lu li bao nhiu chng c. Mt ngi thng minh nh L Nghim h li khng bit Gia Ct Lng s a ht th tn, bt tch trc sau ra? 3- y ch l nhng li t mt pha. Chng ta u r, thi Thc Hn khng c S quan, cng khng c ngi bin vn tp cho L Nghim. V vy, L Nghim ngh g, ni g, chng ta khng th bit. C iu, nh trong L Nghim hng ph v cch dng ngi ca Gia Ct Lng gio s in D Khnh i hc Bc Kinh ni: Trong cu chuyn trn Qu xng by, khng nh thng tnh, khng ging vi hnh vi ca L Nghim. V vy, ngi in cho rng: c th cn c vn khc. ng nhin l c vn khc. Nn chnh tr thi c Trung Quc l nn chnh tr b mt cn n giu nhiu iu. Nhng ti liu cng b thng khng ni r c chn tng s vic, thm ch cn che giu nhiu s thc khc. Nh bc th ca Phc Hong hu, ti ng rng c th do To Tho to ra. ng nhin, Gia Ct Lng khng th ngy to ra th ca L Nghim, nhng khng c ngha ti hnh v ti chng ca L Nghim ch da vo my bc th . Cng tc l khng nh L Nghim c vn v vn khng n gin nh vy. Nhng iu khng quan trng. 1- L Nghim tt c ht, ci u t ti. iu ni r, ch t Gia Ct Lng nm c thp ca L Nghim. 2- Qun thn ng h. Theo ch dn ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - L Nghim truyn, lc Gia Ct Lng dng th, c ti hn hai mi ngi khc lin danh, trong s c Ngy Din, Dng Nghi, ng Chi, Lu Ba, Ph Y; Khng Duy. Th ri L Nghim b ph trut xung lm dn thng, lu y n T ng (tn qun, nhim s ti huyn T ng, T Xuyn ngy nay). Ba nm sau, tc l vo thi Thc Hn nm Kin Hng th XII (Cng nguyn nm 234), nghe ni Gia Ct Lng t th, L Nghim cng pht bnh m cht. L Nghim b ph, r rng l s kin ln i vi chnh quyn Thc Hn, v bng dy ba thc khng phi ci lnh ca mt ngy. Cng tc l ni: Gia Ct Lng t lu mun gii quyt vn L Nghim. Vic ln ny l thm vo mt c hi m thi. V vy, chng ta li mun hi: v sao Gia Ct Lng phi ph b L Nghim? C hai quan im. Mt quan im cho rng, L Nghim b ph v mun tranh quyn ot li, t chuc ha dit vong. Quan im khc li ni, Gia Ct Lng gi tr

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quyn thut bi xch ngi khc nhau. Hai chic inh nhn i u nhau. Trc ht chng ta cn phi lm r mi tnh hung. Tnh hung ni chung l th ny. Theo Gia Ct Lng truyn v L Nghim truyn trong Tam quc ch, sau lc c triu v Vnh An nhn li gi con ca Lu B, Gia Ct Lng tr v Thnh , L Nghim lu gi Vnh An. Lu Thin k v, phong Gia Ct Lng l V Hng hu, L Nghim l Hng hu. Gia Ct Lng khai ph lm vic, lnh ch chu mc; L Nghim c gi tit (c thng phng bo kim) thm hm Quang lc hun (V i trng cung nh). Nm Kin Hng th IV (Cng nguyn nm 226), L Nghim t Ph Hn tng qun thng ln Tin tng qun. Ph Hn tng qun l Tp hiu tng qun, cp bc thp. Tin tng qun l danh hiu tng qun cp bc tng i cao. Hn na, Quan V tng m nhim qua chc v ny, c th ni L Nghim cng thm mt mt. Nm Kin Hng th VIII (Cng nguyn nm 230), L Nghim li t Tin tng qun thng ln Phiu K tng qun. Theo ch dn Hu Hn th - Bch quan ch, trong s cc tng qun th bc t cao n thp l, i tng qun, Phiu K tng qun, Xa K tng qun, V tng qun v Phiu K tng qun xp sau tha tng; Xa K tng qun, V tng qun ri Tin, Hu, T, Hu tng qun xp sau thng khanh. L Nghim t Tin tng qun thng lm Phiu K tng qun, a v c tng thm mt bc. Hn na, ngi con l L Phong cn c l Giang Chu c, thng soi qun i Giang Chu. Vy th y c vn g? Nhn b ngoi th thy, L Nghim ang tng bc ln cao. Nhng so vi Gia Ct Lng th mi mt u khng bng. Trc ht, Gia Ct Lng trong triu, L Nghim ngoi. Gia Ct Lng gn vua, nm vic triu chnh, bt k ln b, Gia Ct Lng lo liu mi vic (chnh s bt k l ln b u do Lng quyt), L Nghim khng th thm, bt c mt li no, v L Nghim lu gi Vnh An (Phng Tit ngy nay), v sau li di n Giang Chu (Trng Khnh ngy nay), c th ni lun xa trung tm chnh tr, trung tm quyn lc. iu ny tht bt li cho L Nghim. xa Thnh , L Nghim khng c tham gia triu chnh, kh lng ph t thiu cha, tch khi quan h quan trng, khng cn c hi t th hin. Vic Nam chinh Bc chin L Nghim khng bit, vic tuyn chn nhn ti L Nghim cng khng c phn; ht ng gn gi vi ngi trn k di, mt ht kh nng nu danh t ch. Theo cch ni ngy nay, L Nghim c nguy c b gt ra ra. Sau ny trong cuc u tranh ni quan trng L Nghim li tht bi, khng th ni khng phi l mt nguyn nhn tim n. y nh c mt cu , v sao L Nghim khng vo triu? L Nghim khng mun hay Gia Ct Lng khng cho? Sau lc gi con, Gia Ct Lng tr v Thnh nm gi triu chnh, L Nghim lu gi Vnh An, trn th bin quan. Xt t cu ni Nghim l Trung h, lo vic qun trong ngoi, lu gi Vnh An th y l s sp t

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ca Lu B. Vy, v sao Lu B li sp t nh th? L s sp t tm thi hay lu di? Nu l tm thi th v sao sau ny khng thay i? Nu l lu di th Lu B suy ngh nhng g? Tic l, chng ta khng th bit v nhng iu ny. iu c th khng nh l, tuy u l c mnh i thn nhng v nhiu mt, L Nghim khng th bng Gia Ct Lng. V d, Gia Ct Lng c y c quan hnh chnh, h thng quan li ca ring mnh (khai ph lm vic), L Nghim khng c; Gia Ct Lng kim nhim quan vin a phng (lnh ch chu mc), L Nghim khng th. Thm na, mt ngi trong triu, mt ngi ngoi, r rng L Nghim khng sao snh kp. iu ny s dn ti bt bnh. C th L Nghim ngh, ngi l chnh c mnh i thn c th kim nhim Chu mc, cn ta l ph sao khng l th s? Nhng lc by gi Thc Hn mi ch c mt chu l ch chu v trong mt chu th khng th va c chu mc va c th s. Nhng ri L Nghim cng c cch. Theo Tam quc ch - L Nghim truyn v Hoa Dng quc ch, sau khi di v Giang Chu, L Nghim tng xut vi triu nh, ly Giang Chu lm trung tm chia thnh nm qun, ngoi ra thnh lp Ba chu, t mnh l th s, kt qu tha tng Gia Ct Lng khng theo. ng nhin, L Nghim s rt bun. My nm sau, L Nghim li xin c khai ph. L do rt chnh ng: thi To Ngy, c bn v c mnh i thn c nhn di chiu ca Ngy Vn To Phi, cng nhau ph t Ngy Minh To Du, c bn v To Chn, Trn Qun, To Hu, T M u c khai ph. Kt qu, yu cu ny cng b t chi. C iu, Gia Ct Lng cng b p cho L Nghim, bng cch ct c L Phong - con ca L Nghim, chc Giang Chu c, nng cao mc i ng (bi b cao hn). i th mi quan h gia L Nghim v Gia Ct Lng l nh vy. T , mt s nh s hc cho rng, L Nghim t mnh chuc ly ha b ph trut. V sao? L Nghim thn l c mnh i thn nhng cha by mu vch k xy dng t nc, cng cha h vo sinh ra t bo v t nc, ch thy mu li, tranh quyn ot th bng mi th on. V d, L Nghim cu ly nm qun, th s Ba chu l lc no? Vo thi Thc Hn nm Kin Hng th V (Cng nguyn nm 227). Lc ny, Ngy Vn To Phi va t th, Ngy Minh To Du ln k v. Nhn dp , Gia Ct Lng mun Bc pht, iu qun L Nghim vo Hn Trung, L Nghim nh n lnh v c ko di, ln la, cn yu cu vch ra nm qun, lp Ba chu, mnh lm th s. Nh vy nu khng phi l mc c th l g? Nm Kin Hng th VIII (Cng nguyn nm 230), Gia Ct Lng chun b i v hng ty ra K Sn, mun L Nghim trn th Hn Trung. Nhn , L Nghim ni chuyn T M v nhng ngi khc khai ph, thc ra l mn T M ni mnh. Nh vy chng phi th mu t li th l g? Theo ch dn Gia Ct Lng tp ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - L Nghim truyn th y mi l iu nghim trng. Trc , L Nghim tng c th cho

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Gia Ct Lng, khuyn lc nhn cu tch, nn tin tc xng vng, nhng b c tuyt. V sao L Nghim li ba bi mun Gia Ct Lng xng vng? C kh nng mun lm quan, nn khch l ngi khc lm quan trc. Kh nng na l, mun y Khng Minh vo ch bt ngha. Chng ta ni tp trc, quyn lc a v ca Gia Ct Lng lc ny ngang nh To Tho nm . To Tho tc phong Huyn hu (V Bnh hu), quan l tha tng, khai ph lm vic, kim lnh chu mc (K chu mc). Gia Ct Lng cng l tc phong Huyn hu (V Hng hu), quan l tha tng, khai ph lm vic, tin tc xng vng th c khc g To Tho lc trc. D l kh nng no th r rng ca L Nghim l khng tt. T m xt, nhn phm ca L Nghim tht ng ng. V vy, trong Gia Ct Lng truyn ca ngi T Minh Hip tng ni: L Nghim hon ton l k gian tr t li, nham him tn nhn, khng coi trng vic nc. B ph trut l iu khng th trnh khi. C iu cn c hai cch ni v vic ny. Th nht, ni L Nghim t t t li (mun lo vic nh), lm ban n hu (d l n nh), lo ng danh d (an phn cu danh), khng coi trng vic nc (khng lo quc s) ch l ting ni t pha Gia Ct Lng, khng c cn c. Th hai, L Nghim khng c tc dng ca ph thn, v L Nghim khng c mt triu nh, khng sc, trch sao c. Th ba, L Nghim mun lm th s, mun khai ph, khng th ni n gin l tranh quyn ot li, chy cht lm quan. Bi v quyn lc, a v v i ng gia hai v ph c mnh i thn v chnh c mnh i thn c mt khong cch qu xa. V vy, trong bi L Nghim b ph, ngi Don Vn Cng cho rng, L Nghim quang minh chnh i, thng thn bc trc, ln ting i li quyn li hp php ca mnh; v th m L Nghim c nhng suy ngh chng ra g, khuyn Gia Ct Lng nhn nhn cu tch, tin tc xng vng. Theo ngi Don, L Nghim lm vy l c y Gia Ct Lng vo ch kh x. Kt qu, Gia Ct Lng ly lm lo ngi, phi nhanh chng c th t r lng mnh. Gia Ct Lng ni: nu dit xong To Ngy, git cht To Du, s cng cc v nhn phong, du mi ln ban thng ti cng dm xin nhn, ch hung g chn ln (d l thp mnh cng nhn, hung chi chn). Li ni thc mnh m i ngha, nhng phm vo iu cm k. Th no l Thp mnh cng nhn? To Tho ch v nhn chn mnh b ngi i chi cho gn cht; nu ng l Gia Ct Lng s nhn thp mnh th s th no y? T mi thy L Nghim st rut n chng no. Xt t gc nhng ngi tn thnh Gia Ct Lng th l s tin cng in cung. Nhng xt t gc ngi tn thnh L Nghim th ch l hnh ng v quyn. Ngi Don Vn Cng cho rng, L Nghim bit Gia Ct Lng khng coi v ng s c gi con ny ra g, lun bi xch, p ch lnh nht. Mt ph th nh L Nghim lun lun b phn kch,

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ng nhin L Nghim s t ra mnh m, khng phc khng theo, tm c hi phn kch li. Cng c th c ngi hi: v sao Gia Ct Lng khng th cho L Nghim mt t quyn lc? Ngi Don Vn Cng cho rng, v Gia Ct Lng l mt chnh tr gia mun c quyn lc cao nht. Tc phong ca Gia Ct Lng l quyn ln c chim, quyn nh khng phn chia (ng l chnh s d ln b, u do Lng quyt). Cho d l ngi cng c gi con cng phi cch xa ra, cn L Nghim li khng chu c cnh . Bi kch ca L Nghim chnh ch khng mun l mt c mnh i thn hu danh v thc. Cn Gia Ct Lng, ngi say m quyn lc li khng h mun ngi khc dnh vo quyn lc ti cao, v vy mi l nc la khng th dung. Kt qu, ngi gii chi tr quyn lc nh Gia Ct Lng tm ng s h ca L Nghim, ra tay cho L Nghim o vn, khng gng dy ni. Th l lc ny chng ta c hai kin khc nhau r rt. Theo ngi T Minh Hip i din cc nh s hc th thc cht cuc u tranh gia Nghim Lng l, L Nghim tin cng in cung nhm tranh quyn ot li, Gia Ct Lng xt v ton cc th ci g c th nhng nhng. Nhng cuc u tranh li din ra theo mt ng vng: tn cng, nhng nhn; li tn cng, li nhng nhn; cho ti lc L Nghim t chuc ha vo thn. Ngc li, theo ngi Don Vn Cng i din cc s gia khc, thc cht cuc u tranh gia Nghim Lng, l Gia Ct Lng say m quyn lc, p ch ng s, L Nghim theo l v quyn lc, ra sc chng li. Cuc u tranh din ra theo ng vng: p ch, chng p ch; li p ch, li chng p ch, tn khi L Nghim ra qun bt li dn ti mu chy u ri. Xem ra iu ny thc th v. T Minh Hip v Don Vn Cng l hai s gia nghim tc, ti liu h dng u c ghi chp trong chnh s, nhng iu h ni khng phi l khng c l, nhng hai kt lun ca h li khc hn nhau. iu ny ni ln ci g? Ni ln rng, em nhn phm o c ca con ngi m xt s kin lch s l khng ng. Ly vic ni vic cng khng c. Chng ta u bit, ngi la dn n nhng cuc u tranh v chnh tr thng l nhng s vic nh. S vic nh dn n s kin ln, ng sau n phi c nguyn nhn ln. Hung h Gia Ct Lng l nh chnh tr ln, ngi ng u chnh quyn Thc Hn tt phi ngh n i cc, ton cc. V vy, nhn nh L Nghim l tiu nhn l phn t gh gm, coi cuc u tranh gia L Nghim v Gia Ct Lng l vic tranh ginh gia ngi qun t v k tiu nhn cng l cch nhn xem nh Gia Ct Lng. Hung h cng kh ni: L Nghim l tiu nhn hay khng? Vy, i cc m Gia Ct Lng ngh ti l ci g?

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Mun hiu iu ny, phi ngc ln lc Lu B gi con. Cng tc l ni: v sao lc gi con, Lu B phi sp xp L Nghim, mt nhn vt c ngi Don Vn Cng coi l cy v cm s hai? Ai cng bit, Lu B l thin h kiu hng, mt i chinh chin, hiu rng bit nhiu, suy ngh chu ton. Vic sp t ca Lu B khng th l s bng bt chc lt, m l s suy ngh su xa. Vn ch: Lu B suy ngh nhng g? Ngi in D Khnh tr li l mm ha tim n t bn trong. Cun Thc s t ca ngi in cho rng sp t gi con Lng chnh, Nghim ph l nhm tiu tr mm ha, cng c chnh quyn; mm ha tim n ln nht ca chnh quyn Thc Hn khng phi l To Ngy, Tn Ng, m l ni b chnh quyn Thc Hn. Chnh v mu thun ni b ny m Lu B phi gi con mt cch khc thng. Th l chng ta li phi hi: ng nh vy sao? ng. Chng ta u r, t ba th lc chnh tr, Lu B xy dng nn vng triu Thc Hn hoc chnh quyn Thc Hn. Nhm th nht l th lc ti ch, bao gm cc quan vin ch chu, Lc Dng, cc ho kit a phng, chng ta gi chung l tp on ch chu. Nhm th hai, b c ca Lu Chng gm nhng ngi theo cha con Lu Yn vo Thc v nhng ngi sau ny ca Lu Chng, chng ta gi chung l tp on ng Chu. Nhm th ba l thn tn ca Lu B, bao gm nhng ct cn (nh Quan V, Trng Phi) ca Lu B v nhng ngi sau ny theo Lu B (nh M Siu), chng ta gi chung l tp on Kinh chu. Ba nhm th lc ny, hnh thnh mi quan h n trc sau, hnh thnh nhng mu thun ch khch, mi c v cng phc tp. Lc cha con Lu Yn vo Thc, tp on ch chu l ch l c; tp on ng Chu l khch, l mi. Ch khch, mi c tng gp nhau bng ao bng kim. Sau khi Lu B vo Thc, quan h thay i. Tp on ng Chu vn l khch, l mi, nay tr thnh ch, thnh c. Mu thun gia ch khch, mi c bin thnh mu thun gia tp on Kinh chu v ch chu, gia ng Chu v ch chu vn lun lun tn ti. Chnh quyn Thc Hn ca Lu B c xy dng trn ba mi mu thun nng n , r rng khng phi l vic d chi. Cng khng d chi l vic Lu B thm bi Khiu nh v Di Lng khin mt s k xun ngc vn bt mn t trc bt u manh ng. Theo Hoa Dng quc ch, sau khi Lu B bi trn lui v Vnh An, thng mi mt sinh bnh, thng mi hai Hn gia Thi th Hong Nguyn lm phn (thng ba nm sau th b bt). V theo Tam quc ch - Gia Ct Lng truyn, sau khi Lu B qua i, cc qun khu vc Nam Trung u ng ln lm phn (cc qun Nam Trung u phn lon). C th ni, Lu B dng nc trn c s yu; Di Lng chin bi lm tri long t l.

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R rng y l vic lm Lu B lo ngh nhiu v ch c Gia Ct Lng mi san s bt c ni bun . y chnh l nguyn nhn Lu B gi con cho Gia Ct Lng. Vy, v sao cn phi L Nghim lm ph? Bi khng th khng ngh ti hai nhm c th lc khc. Tc l, trong s ngi c cng cn phi c i biu v L Nghim l nhn vt thch hp nht. Theo Tam quc ch - L Nghim truyn, L Nghim nguyn l ngi Kinh chu (Nam Dng), tng lm vic di quyn Lu Biu, l ngi nng n, ni ting mt thi (c ti cn). To Tho xung pha nam, Lu Tn u hng, L Nghim chy v hng ty, n ch Lu Chng. Lu B vo Thc L Nghim sang hng Lu B. V vy, Lu B chn L Nghim ngoi ba nguyn nhn ni trong Ngha Mn c th k ca H Trc i Thanh: Cu thn t Thc, ng c khch l; t Kinh v To, ring Nghim chy v hng Ty; qun dn tr gic, mu lc c tha, e cn v trong s ngi c, L Nghim c quan h mt thit, tt nht vi tp on Kinh chu ca Lu B. ng nhin, iu quan trng nht l L Nghim c nhiu tnh cht i din. Phn trn ni: chnh quyn Thc Hn c xy dng t ba th lc chnh tr khc nhau. Trong con mt ca Lu B sc mnh ca ba lc lng l khc nhau. Trong c cu chnh quyn lc d dng nhn thy, tp on Kinh chu l ch th, tp on ng Chu l i tng on kt, tp on ch chu l i tng phi lu tm. Khng c g l l, bi v tp on Kinh chu do Lu B cm u l th lc mi, t ngoi n. H cn c iu kin vng chn ch chu, khng th khng on kt, da vo th lc n sm hn h. chnh l tp on ng Chu. Tp on ng Chu na mi na c, va l khch va l ch, h c th c tc dng lm thng sut hai bn mi, c. V nh vy, L Nghim va thuc tp on ng Chu va gn gi vi tp on Kinh chu. L Nghim tr thnh ngi c chn, gi gm hy vng sau ny. Trong thc t, Lu B suy ngh trc vic sp xp . Trc ht th hin c nguyn tc c bn trong x l mi, c. Nguyn tc ny tuy khng c ghi chp r rng, nhng t cch sp xp quan chc trong chnh quyn Thc Hn, ta thy: Ngi n sau ngi trc, khng c thay i; ly ngi ca mnh lm ch, thm ngi ba pha. V phi ly ngi ca mnh lm ch nn Gia Ct Lng l chnh; v phi thm ngi ba pha, nn L Nghim l ph. Cng tc l ni, vic gi con chnh l di chc chnh tr ca Lu B v cch dng ngi. cng l nguyn tc ngi n sau ngi trc - mt c s chnh tr sau ny Gia Ct Lng c th ph b v c mnh i thn khc khi c chuyn. Nhng y ch l iu u tin vn cn iu th hai. Th hai l tm t vng ca Lu B. Theo L Nghim truyn, Tin ch truyn v Gia Ct Lng truyn trong Tam quc ch, chng vo thng mi nm Chng V th II (Cng nguyn nm 222), Lu B triu L Nghim n Vnh An v phong lm Thng th lnh. Nm sau

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mi triu Gia Ct Lng v Vnh An, tc l vo thng hai nm Chng V th III (Cng nguyn nm 223). T thi gian hai ngi n Vnh An v t cu ni Nghim v Gia Ct Lng cng nhn di chiu hiu rng, lc Lu B ni vi Gia Ct Lng nu hn bt ti, ngi c t ly, nhiu kh nng L Nghim cng c mt hoc t nhiu cng nm c tnh hnh. iu thc c ngha. C ngha g? Mt l, Lu B c rn e L Nghim: Gia Ct Lng l ngi trm tin tng nht, tin tng ti mc ngi c th t ly, khng nn ghen t a v vi ng ta! V L Nghim l i biu ca s ngi c, c kh nng ha gii gia mi v c, cng c kh nng thc y ngi c c hnh ng khc. y l con dao hai li, khng th khng phng ha. V vy ngi in D Khnh cho rng: vai tr ca Gia Ct Lng chnh nh Chung Qu ui qu v qu chnh l L Nghim. C iu, kin ca k tiu nhn ti, e s vic khng n gin nh vy. Hoc ni, cha chc L Nghim hiu nh vy. Cng c th L Nghim cho rng, Lu B ang dng quyn lc ca vua i ph vi quyn lc ca thn, bng khng sao phi mnh lu gi Vnh An? Khng phi ang ngm bo, nu ng Gia Ct Lng b Lu Thin v thay th, th L Nghim ny c th xut qun t Vnh An cu vua. y l kh th chnh tr L Nghim dm chng li Gia Ct Lng. Chnh v vy, L Nghim mi i khai ph, i lm th s Ba chu, mi vit th mun Gia Ct Lng tip nhn cu tch, tn tc xng vng, cn l xem Gia Ct Lng c bng khng thn phc hay khng. L Nghim cho rng mnh chp hnh di hun chnh tr ca Lu B, do vy mi mnh m kh th. ng nhin, l nhng iu phng on. Chng ta lun mun tin rng: nguyn vng ca Lu B l mong sao ngi mi ngi c cng ha hp, ba tp on Kinh chu, ng Chu, ch chu ng tm hip lc. Lc ny nhn li mi thy, Lu B tuy lao tm kh t, nhng nguyn vng c thc hin khng nhiu. Mt mt, Gia Ct Lng qu cht ch, ch nhng danh khng nhng quyn. Mt khc, ngi ngi lun tht vng v L Nghim. Th nht, t thy mnh qu cao, kh khn cng tc. Thi dn gian cn c cu Ngi L c vy ln, kh khn gn gi, l, trn ngi L Nghim c vy ln, ng vo khng d (Hng ng cho rng khng th gn). Trong Thi Bnh ng lm dn Giang Biu truyn v Tam quc ch Trn Chn truyn u c ghi im ny. Th hai, sm Tn ti S, gy chuyn li gin. Theo Tam quc ch Trn Chn truyn, Gia Ct Lng tng c th cho Tng Uyn v ng Don, ta thng ngh L Nghim ch l kh hp tc, cho rng (ngi c vy ln th khng nn phm vo), no ng li cn c vic nh T Trng. Cng lo vic ngoi giao nh T Tn, Trng Nghi. Nh vy l ph hoi s on kt nht tr trong ni b chnh quyn. Th ba, cn c c binh quyn hng chng li triu nh. V nh chuyn L Nghim mun lm th s Ba chu, Gia Ct Lng cho

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l mun lp mt vng quc ring. L Nghim mun khai ph, Gia Ct Lng cho l mun chng li trung ng. Gia Ct Lng cm thy kh x. Gia Ct Lng hiu r, l tha tng phi lm g cng c vai tr ca ngi mi, n nh tnh cm ngi c, mi c phi ha hp, khng cn ranh gii gia c v mi. l nguyn nhn Gia Ct Lng nhng b L Nghim ht ln ny n ln khc. Nhng khng th on kt m b ht nguyn tc. L Nghim chng li nguyn tc ngi mnh phi lm ch, ngi n sau phi ngi trc, ch cn cch mn l do no ph b L Nghim, d l khng cn gi c ch tn (li ca ngi in D Khnh). Lc ny c th kt lun: c nguyn nhn gn, nguyn nhn xa, c nguyn nhn bn ngoi c nguyn nhn c bn khin Gia Ct Lng phi ph trut L Nghim. Nguyn nhn c bn l mu thun trong ni b chnh quyn Thc Hn vn c xy dng t ba lc lng chnh tr ch chu, ng Chu, Kinh chu. Vic Gia Ct Lng thng tay ph trut L Nghim, chung quy li l gii quyt dt im nhng mu thun , thi hnh tr Thc bng lut. Tr Thc bng lut l chnh sch c bn Gia Ct Lng gii quyt mu thun mi v c. V vy, ngay t ln u Bc pht, Gia Ct Lng trng tr M Tc sai lm Nhai nh theo lut, ri t xin c x tr. Gia Ct Lng t r l ngi chp php nghim minh, thng pht r rng, tt nhin lm c nh vy thc khng n gin. Vy, ng sau vic Gia Ct Lng gt l chm M Tc cn c iu g y? Tp th ba mi chn: AU NH CT RUT L Nghim b ph trut cn l mt nghi n, th ci cht ca M Tc cng l mt cu . Tam quc ch c ba cch ghi chp lc M Tc tht th; lch s cng c kin khc nhau v vic Gia Ct Lng gt l chm M Tc. Vy, v sao Gia Ct Lng phi thng tay trng tr M Tc v v sao cn phi ri l? Ngoi vic qun k nghim minh, chp php nh sn, ng sau vic Gia Ct Lng git Tc t chng liu cn c iu g kh ni, khng mun cho mi ngi hay? Tp trc chng ta ni L Nghim b ph, tp ny ni n ci cht ca M Tc. Trung Quc nh nh ngi ngi u bit chuyn ca M Tc. Din ngha c Gt l chm M Tc, kinh kch c Mt Nhai nh, Khng Thnh K, Chm M Tc, gi chung l Tht Khng Trm, l nhng v din i. Khng k l tiu thuyt hay v din, v mt ngh thut u ht sc tinh t. Nhng nu mun ni r v chn tng li l vic ht sc kh khn. Nh sau bi trn Nhai nh, M Tc sng hay cht cng khng ni c r rng. Chng ta u bit, trong Tam quc ch khng c truyn v M Tc. Ch c th qua truyn ca ngi khc m bit v kt cc ca M Tc, nhng ghi chp lin quan trong Tam quc ch li khng thng nht. Gia Ct Lng truyn ni: sau

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khi a qun v Hn Trung, Gia Ct Lng git Tc t chng. Vng Bnh truyn cng ni Tha tng Lng git lun M Tc. Theo , chnh Gia Ct Lng git M Tc. M Lng truyn li ni: Lng, qun khng tin c, phi lui v Hn Trung, Tc b giam vo ngc v cht, Lng ri l. Nh vy M Tc b h ngc v cht trong ngc. Cch ni trong Hng Lng truyn cn khc hn, Tc b trn, Lng bit nhng khng ni, Lng bc bi, cho min quan Lng tr v Thnh . Theo y th M Tc chy, lin ly ti bn thn, Lng b bi quan. Cng l mt ngi (Trn Th), cng l mt cun sch (Tam quc ch) vi ba cch ni khc nhau. Xem th mi bit ghi chp s sch l vic kh khn. Vy, cui cng th M Tc th no? Trn chy, b git hay cht trong ngc? Theo ti, M Tc b git. Bi v nhng iu ghi trong Gia Ct Lng truyn l ng, hn na cch ni trong ba truyn khc cng c th thng nht. Trn thc t, git Tc t chng, cng c th l phn x t hnh, khng nht thit phi lm r thn phn, tri gii ra hnh trng, chm u th chng. Nh vy, coi nh r. V nh c ngi cho rng s vic phi nh th ny: Gia Ct Lng phn x M Tc ti cht (git Tc t chng), M Tc bit tin trn chy, nhng li b bt giam vo ngc v cha kp chp hnh n th cht (h ngc v cht). Ti thy kh nng ny khng nhiu. V theo ch dn Tng Dng k ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - M Lng truyn, trc lc lm chung, M Tc tng c th gi Gia Ct Lng, ni: Minh cng i x vi M Tc nh i x vi con ca mnh, M Tc tn knh minh cng nh vi cha mnh. V vy xin minh cng x tr M Tc nh i Thun x tr Cn bt lc v tr thy (mong c nh Cn c cng vi V), khng ph n tnh su nng cha con (khin cho quan h lc sinh thi khng mt i). Nh vy, M Tc coi nh cht v khng n hn (Tc tuy cht nhng khng hn di m). Thi ca M Tc l vy, sao c th trn chy b bt li? C iu, khng c nhiu kh nng M Tc b trn sau khi b bt, nhng khng c ngha M Tc khng chy. V c kh nng b chy trc khi b bt. Mi ngi ngh xem, M Tc vit bc th ny vo lc no? Trong Tng Dng k ghi trc lc lm chung, cng tc l sau khi b giam vo ngc, b x t hnh. Trc , l tng bi trn, c th xut pht t bn nng b chy. Nhn li, s vic c th l th ny: Sau khi mt Nhai nh, M Tc b trn (Tc trn chy), nhng v sau li b bt, hoc ra u th. M Tc t bit khng th thot ti, mi c th ln tha tng ( mong c nh Cn c cng vi V). Gia Ct Lng theo php tuyn b x Tc ti cht t li quc dn (git Tc t chng). C iu, lnh cha thi hnh, M Tc cht trong ngc (h ngc v cht). Suy on nh vy c phn hp hn so vi cch ni trc, cng tm coi l xong. ng nhin, y vn cn thiu mt s tnh tit, nh M Tc b bt hay ra u th,

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khng c ti liu cho hay. M Tc chy trn trc khi b bt hay sau , cng khng xc nh c. Nhng bt k l th no, Gia Ct Lng phn x t hnh, chng nh l s thc. iu ny c bng chng, vn theo Tng Dng k, sau khi M Tc cht, Tng Uyn n Hn Trung ni vi Gia Ct Lng, lc ny thin h cha thc n nh, l lc cn ngi. Lc ny, git mt ngi kit xut nh vy, tht ng tic (thin h cha nh git ngi tr mu, tic thay). Sau khi nghe my li ca Tng Uyn, Gia Ct Lng ri l k ra nhiu l do khin phi git M Tc! Nu Gia Ct Lng khng git M Tc th sao phi gii thch nhiu nh vy. T thy r, d l cht ngoi php trng hay cht trong ngc, u do Ct Lng x M Tc ti cht. V vy, trong Gia Ct Lng truyn mi ni, Gia Ct Lng git Tc t chng, Vng Bnh truyn ni l tha tng Lng git M Tc. V vy, nu khng cn i vo nhng vn hc ba khng u th cch ni gt l chm M Tc hon ton c th tin c. T y li c hai vn khc. Mt, M Tc c ng phi cht khng? Hai, Gia Ct Lng mun git khng? Ni ti c ng phi cht khng. Trc lc c nhiu tranh lun, v sau mi ngi ni mt kiu. Tng Uyn cho l khng nn git. Nh s hc Tp Tc X thi ng Tn c bi vit kh di, thm ch cn cho rng Gia Ct Lng khng th thng c To ngy, nguyn nhn l y (Gia Ct Lng khng th chim c thng quc, khng d cht no). Tp Tc X ni, Thc Hn vn b nh (mt vng ho lnh), rt t nhn ti (t ngi ti nh thng quc), nhng li git ngi tun kit! Dng ngi nh vy, mun thnh s nghip, chng phi kh sao)? V vy Tp Tc X ni, i x vi M Tc nh vy, Gia Ct Lng thc khng phi l ngi sng sut (kh ni l ngi c tr). Tng Uyn l thn tn ca Gia Ct Lng, Tp Tc X l ngi u tin trong lch s coi To Tho l k thon nghch v ch trng ly Thc Hn l chnh thng. H khng thnh kin g vi Gia Ct Lng, nhng u ph phn vic git M Tc, thc ng suy ngh. Trong nhng nm thng chin tranh, khng nn ty tin git cc tng lnh. V thng bi l s thng ca binh gia m nhn ti l ca qu ginh thng li. Nu c bi trn l git, th liu s c bao nhiu ngi ngi git y? V li bn ta git mt nhn ti th bn ch li thm mt phn thng li, l no khng phi l vic lm ngi thn sinh au kh, k th thm sung sng sao? chnh l nguyn nhn Tng Uyn v Tp Tc X ph bnh Gia Ct Lng. V nh Tng Uyn ni, S git c Thn, Vn Cng vui sng bit chng no. Tp Tc X cng ni S Thnh git c Thn cng thm bi. Hai ngi cng nhc ti mt in tch, mt trn nh Thnh Bc gia hai qun S, Tn, cu chuyn c ghi trong Xun Thu v T truyn vo thi Hi Cng nm th XXVIII. Nhn vt trong truyn l c Thn cn gi l T Ngc, l thng soi qun S lc , qun S bi trn, S Thnh vng sai s n gp

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c Thn, ni: Cc h tr v t phong, khng bit b con lng xm ngh th no y (i phu tr v gp li ngi gi tr nh ra sao y)? Nh D ni trong Tp gii, gp li cc bc ph lo sao y. c Thn chng cn cch no khc l t st. Tuy ni l c Thn t st, nhng l do Thnh vng bc cht, v vy Xun Thu ni, S git i phu c Thn. K th ly lm phn khi (Tn hu hay tin vui mng bit my!), bn pha nc S li tht bi lin tip (bi na) nh Tp Tc X tng ni, ngha cu chuyn ny tht r rng: S Thnh vng git c Thn, Tn hu vui mng khn xit; Gia Ct Lng git M Tc, l no bn pha To Ngy li khng v tay vui mng? ng nhin, M Tc lm mt Nhai nh, lm hng vic ln, tt s phi x l, nhng khng nht thit phi cht u. V nh ni, c th ging chc bi quan hoc pht ti trc ba qun, cho lp cng chuc ti. cng l cc bin php x l cc tng bi trn. T ngha ny m xt, khng git M Tc cng c hoc ng git m khng git. C th khng git M Tc, Gia Ct Lng cng khng mun git, thy r iu ch ri l. Nhn thoi Tam Quc ca ngi Trn Nh ng tng kt ra bn nguyn nhn v sao Gia Ct Lng phi ri l. Th nht, M Tc c hy vng. Theo Tam quc ch - M Lng truyn, M Tc l em M Lng. Anh em M Lng, M Tc gm c nm ngi v u l nhn ti (ti danh gm ), M Lng l kit xut nht. Thi cn c cu ca H M nm ngi, mi trng nht Lng. Mi trng chi M Lng. Tic rng, trong trn chin Di Lng, M Lng phi cht. V vy M Tc - em M Lng, thuc gia nh lit s. Quan h gia M Lng, Gia Ct Lng l cc k tt, ti mc xng anh xng em. Bi Tng Chi cn cho rng, hai ngi hu nh kt ngha hoc vn l thn thch. Sau khi M Lng hy sinh, Gia Ct Lng ht sc quan tm ti ngi em l M Tc. Trc lc lm chung, M Tc c th gi Gia Ct Lng, minh cng coi Tc nh con, Tc coi minh cng nh cha, ni ln mi quan h gia h. Xt v tui tc, cch ni c v khng hp. V M Tc gi Gia Ct Lng l Tn huynh, M Tc km Gia Ct Lng by tui nhng Trung Quc c l coi anh c nh cha, du c l m, Lu Hoa cng ni, Lu B v Quan V n nh cha con. R rng vi M Tc, Gia Ct Lng l anh c nh cha. V vy c ngi cn ni, Gia Ct Lng trng dng M Tc nh vi ngi thn. Ni vy l khng ng, bi v M Tc thc s l ngi ti. Theo Tam quc ch M Lng truyn, con ngi M Tc ti kh hn ngi, gii bn qun c, tha tng Gia Ct Lng hiu r iu ti, nn mi lc bn lun, gn nh thu m. Mi ngi ngh xem, Gia Ct Lng thng cng v bn b, u cn thi gian th non hn bin, by trn Long mn? Gia Ct Lng thng cng M Tc bn lun thu m, ng nhin v M Tc c nhng hiu bit ng ghi nhn. Trong thc t, Gia Ct Lng tng lm theo kin ca M Tc. Theo ch dn Tng Dng k ca Bi Tng Chi trong

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Tam quc ch - M Lng truyn, vo nm Kin Hng th III (Cng nguyn nm 225), Gia Ct Lng i nh Nam Trung, M Tc a tin hng my dm ng. Trc lc chia tay, Gia Ct Lng ni vi M Tc: Hai chng ta tuy bn bc nhiu nm (cng tnh k nhiu nm), nhng ta ngh nht nh hm nay ngi s c hay (nay c k hay). M Tc lin xut phng chm mi su ch ni ting: cng tm l trc, cng thnh l sau, tm chin l trc, binh chin l sau. Gia Ct Lng nhn k , nn c c by ln bt Mnh Hoch sau ny. ng nhin khng c kin ca M Tc, ti ngh Gia Ct Lng cng s lm nh vy. Nhng M Tc c th c cng suy ngh vi Gia Ct Lng, chng phi anh hng c cng mu lc sao? R rng M Tc l nhn ti, l ngi ti mi c hy vng, vn theo Tng Dng k, khi M Tc mt, c c hn chc vn ngi ri l, M Tc u ch c mt mnh Gia Ct Lng v r rng M Tc c th khng phi cht. y li c ba vn : vy, v sao Gia Ct Lng c phi git M Tc? Phn trc ni, Tng Uyn hi Gia Ct Lng v vn ny. Gia Ct Lng tr li th no? Gia Ct Lng nc mt lng trng, ni: Tn V l ngi chp php nghim minh nn khng h c k th, nay thin h phn chia, ly tn (bn bin chia la), khng bit bao gi mi ht chin tranh (mi ht binh ao). Nu khng tn php gi lut, chng ta bit da vo u chin thng k th (nu li b php, th ly g nh gic). Nu ni vy th hin nhin tr Thc theo php, Gia Ct Lng phi gt l chm M Tc. Mun tr Thc theo php th phi lm theo nguyn tc tr php - vng t phm php cng ti nh th dn. Phi thit din v t, phi chp php nh sn, quyt khng v thn m b php, quyt khng v tnh m qun php. V mt ny, Gia Ct Lng l mu mc thin c. Sau khi rt v Hn Trung, Gia Ct Lng xem xt k v trch nhim mt Nhai nh. Theo Vng Bnh truyn v Triu Vn truyn trong Tam quc ch, ngoi vic h ngc x t M Tc, cn git tng qun Trng Tu, L Thnh, ot binh quyn t tay tng qun Hon Tp, ging chc Triu Vn t Trn ng tng qun thnh Trn qun tng qun. Duy nht c Vng Bnh c thng chc, thm l tam qun, thng lnh nm b (thng soi qun tinh nhu gm mt vn ngi Thanh Khng), l Doanh s (ph trch i bn doanh ca Gia Ct Lng), ln lm Tho khu tng qun (nguyn l T tng qun), phong nh hu. Bn thn Gia Ct Lng cng b x l. Theo Tam quc ch - Gia Ct Lng truyn, theo thnh cu xin gim ba bc ca Gia Ct Lng, triu nh quyt nh ging lm Hu tng qun, v tr c phn thp hn L Nghim c thng lm Tin tng qun vo nm Kin Hng th IV (Cng nguyn nm 226).

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Mt lot x l nh vy r rng l vic lm chn ng triu d thi , ngy nay cng khin chng ta phi kinh hn lc phch. Chng ta cng thy Gia Ct Lng c nhiu im hn ngi. Th nht, nghim khc c vi mnh. ng thi vi vic x l M Tc v nhng ngi khc, Gia Ct Lng dng s ln Lu Thin xin c x l. Trong S t Nhai nh xin ging chc ni ting, Gia Ct Lng gn nh nhn mi trch nhim chin bi v mnh. Gia Ct Lng ni, vi ti nng bnh thng vi thn bt hnh m ng trng trch qu sc (thn ti hn sc mn), thn cm quyn thng soi ba qun (thn cm gio thng soi ba qun nhng cha th rn php tc (cha th hun chng minh php), cng cha th khin ba qun bit thn trng, bit lo s (gp vic m s hi) dn ti tng lnh khng tun lnh trong trn Nhai nh (dn ti phm lnh Nhai nh), qun gi K Cc khng nghe li rn (K Cc chnh mng nn mt). Tt c l do thn sai lm trong cch dng ngi (bi thn cha bit nhn dng). Thn nhn ngi cha r (cha bit v ngi), gp vic cn s si h . Theo i ngha trong Xun Thu (trch soi Xun Thu), mi khi chin bi phi hi ti trch nhim ca ch soi, thn phi gnh ht mi trch nhim (thn l ch soi). V vy, xin c ging xung ba bc, gip thn sa cha nhng sai lm ( sa cha sai lm). V chuyn ny, mi ngi thy phi knh phc! Trc y ti ni, Tho s d thnh cng v bit nhn thng vo s tht, tha nhn sai lm ca mnh, d c lc s tha nhn cn m h. Nhng bit nhn vo s thc l tt ri. Gia Ct Lng cn hn th, dm nhn ht trch nhim ca ngi khc v mnh (v nh mt Nhai nh l do M Tc, bi trn K Cc l vic ca Triu Vn). C ngi ni, Gia Ct Lng xin ging ba bc, v To Tho ct tc thay u l nh nhau, u l lm tr. V ng l chp php nh sn th To Tho phi cht u, cn Gia Ct Lng tuy b ging l Hu tng qun, nhng vn l tha tng (lm vic ca tha tng), quyn lc khng nh mt cht no (vn qun xuyn nh trc), y chng phi l gi di sao? Nh vy l khng hiu v chnh tr, khng hiu v lch s. Nn chnh tr c i Trung Quc lun c ch o bng t tng Nho gia hc thuyt. V phng php lun, t tng Nho gia ni nhng g? Ni v Kinh v Quyn. Kinh l phi kin tr, Quyn th c th linh hot. Cng tc l chnh sch va c tnh nguyn tc li va c tnh linh hot. V vy, Xun Thu i ngha c quy nh chin bi trch soi li c c cch ni pht khng thng chc. V nu khng trch soi th mi ngi khng c trch nhim; cn nh chnh php vi ch soi, th tt ngi thn s au kh, k th s vui sng, l gip k th. V vy, khi ch soi phm sai lm, cn phi x l vi mt mc va phi. V th, To Tho khng th t st, ch c th ct tc thay u; Gia Ct Lng cng ch t ging ba bc, ng thi vn lm vic ca tha tng, qun xuyn nh trc. Trn thc t, To Tho cm kim ct tc nm xung t, ngang nh t phn x ti phi ct tc; Gia Ct Lng ging lm Hu tng qun cng khng phi nh. Khng th coi l lm tr.

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Th hai, dm nhn sai. Vi cch ni ngy nay th s s sut Nhai nh l bn kim im ca Gia Ct Lng. Ngi Trung Quc thch vit kim im, gii vit kim im, ngay nh hong cng c chiu k ti mnh, nhng ngi hi li su sc th t, ngi ni nng di tr th nhiu. Bn s sut Nhai nh ca Gia Ct Lng khng c ch no ni qu, u l thc s cu th, t y lng. c my im ng lu tm: 1- Nhn mi trch nhim tt c l do thn. 2- Nu r mu cht ca vn (nhn nhim v nhng khng c bin php). 3- nh ra ch vn trch (Xun Thu trch soi). 4S dng bin php ci t quy chnh. im ny khng c trong bn kim im, nhng lm. Sau tht bi Nhai nh, Gia Ct Lng ra tin tuyn ch huy, s ht cnh nhn nhim v nhng khng c bin php hoc vi lnh, mt cnh gic. y l im hn ngi ca Gia Ct Lng. Thc t th, con ngi khng th khng phm sai lm, Gia Ct Lng cng khng ngoi l. Ci hay l Gia Ct Lng bit nhn thng vo sai lm, trnh vic mt b mi lo lm chung. Ngi xa ni: Bit sai sa mi l iu quan trng. T trn chin Nhai nh, Gia Ct Lng bit tng kt kinh nghim c c bi hc mi l gii. Th ba, thng pht phn minh. M Tc trc tip lm mt Nhai nh, x t, Triu Vn tuy tht li K Cc, nhng v mnh yu ch mnh li bit cng qun c th, cha n i bi, ging chc; Vng Bnh trc trn nh c li can Tc, sau lc bi trn gan d ng vng, ngn Trng Cp tn cng, trng thng. L g y? L: Tr Thc theo php, chp php nh sn. Nhng y vn cn c vn - Gia Ct Lng lm vic ng n nh vy, nhng v sao cn phi khc? iu ny khng th gii thch bng vic Tr Thc theo php. Ai cng hiu, tr nc theo php, tt phi chp php nh sn, m chp php nh sn s khng trnh khi v i ngha dit thn. Gia Ct Lng hn r iu ny. ng nhin, i ngha dit thn khng c ngha l khng au kh. To Tho ri l lc git Trn Cung, Gia Ct Lng git M Tc l no li khng ri l? Vn l, nu M Tc thc ng cht th ch khc mt ln l ht, lm g n on c nhc ti li khc. Ln th hai, lc ngi vi Tng Uyn Gia Ct Lng li khc. Vn c tho lun, nhn ti quan trng hay php ch quan trng. Tng Uyn ni nhn ti quan trng, Gia Ct Lng cho rng php ch mi quan trng. V sao li phi ri l lc bn v chuyn ny? Ti cho l c n tnh g y. Thc t, t lu c ngi ni, vic Gia Ct Lng ri l khng n gin, nh ngi Trn Nh ng tng kt ra bn nguyn nhn: Th nht, thng tic M Tc; Th hai, nh ti tng s; Th ba, t mnh hi hn; Th t, truy n tin . Phn trc ni ti thng tic M Tc, tng nh tng s cng l ng nhin. Vy, v sao li thy hi hn, truy n tin ? V theo Tam quc ch - M Lng truyn, lc cn sng, Lu B tng nhiu ln can ngn Gia Ct Lng: M Tc thng ni bc, khng nn

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dng vo vic ln, ng nn lu tm!. Tic rng Gia Ct Lng lun tn thng M Tc, khng my nh li Lu B, kt qu l sai lm ln. Qua Tam quc din ngha c on ni chuyn gia Gia Ct Lng v Tng Uyn. Tng Uyn hi, M Tc mc ti ng phi chnh php, v sao tha tng li khc? Gia Ct Lng ni, ta khng khc v M Tc (ta khng v M Tc m khc) m v gin mnh ti tm, nh tin sng sut. mun ni, Gia Ct Lng v hn mnh khng nghe li Lu B, ng nhin l hi hn, nh n tin . Ni nh vy l c l, v chng ta c thm mt iu na: Tic mt c may. Xin hi Gia Ct Lng git M Tc vo lc no? Vo ln u Bc pht. Cuc chin va m u l thun li. Theo ch dn Ngy lc ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Gia Ct Lng truyn v Gia Ct Lng truyn, Gia Ct Lng Bc pht ln ny, bn pha To Tho khng h c chun b v t tng. V trong mt h ch c Lu B (trong Thc ch c Lu B) khng c Gia Ct Lng. V t sau khi Lu B qua i, nhiu nm nay bn pha Thc Hn khng ng tnh g (nhiu nm yn lng), lu ngy sinh li lng (khng chun b g). Khng ng Gia Ct Lng khng nhng dm tin cng m cn gii tr qun, li t dn i qun hng ng t chinh, thng pht phn minh, hiu lnh r rng, ra ng K Sn. Bn pha To Ngy Triu d lo s, ba qun Nam An, Thin Thy, An nh nht t hng ng, kt qu Quan Trung chn ng. Nhiu nm nay Gia Ct Lng phi lao tm kh t, bn bc chun b nn mi c c kt qu ny v y cng l c may khng lu na s ginh thng li ln. Nhng cui cng ngc li, M Tc lm mt tt c, Gia Ct Lng au n nh ct da, ct rut! Vy, phi chng tt c nhng ci u l nguyn nhn khin Gia Ct Lng phi au n, khc lc? Khng phi. Trong Tam quc thoi, ngi Nghim Lnh cho rng cn nguyn nhn khc. Nguyn nhn g? Ngi Nghim Lnh ni, nguyn nhn n m trong nm ch git Tc t chng. Trong Gia Ct Lng truyn, t chng nh c ngha l trn an c s phn n ca dn chng! Th l ngi Nghim Lnh hi, vic git M Tc theo qun php c quan h g vi t chng? Th ra Gia Ct Lng s dng M Tc l vi chng. Theo Tam quc ch - M Lng truyn, lc di trng Gia Ct Lng khng phi khng c tng ti. Nh Ngy Din v Ng Nht xng ng l tin phong, (ai cng thy xng ng l tin phong) ai cng ngh nh vy. Nhng Gia Ct Lng li khng theo, c s dng M Tc. Gia Ct Lng l tha tng, l ch soi. Gia Ct Lng s dng M Tc, mi ngi chu, nhng khng c ngha khng x xm sau lng, khng suy ngh khc. Nu nh M Tc thnh cng, ng nhin mi ngi ht ni. Nhng tic l M Tc chng ra g, mt Nhai nh, bi trn tho chy. Lc ny th phin phc to. Phn trc ni, lc sinh thi Lu B tng lu v vic s dng M Tc. Mi ngi cng khng tn thnh dng M Tc, b Ngy Din v Ng Nht, nhng

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Gia Ct Lng t quyt theo mnh, vi chng dng Tc, kt qu l mt tt, xin hi Gia Ct Lng s gii thch th no y? E rng c n hng trm ci ming i na cng chng xong! Vo thi , hn l c thnh xn xao. Ngh xem, Ngy Din l ngi th no? Tin sng tn. Ng Nht l ngi th no? Quc cu ng thi. M Tc l ngi th no? Tin dn, khng th trao vic ln. Khng dng Ngy Din, Ng Nht li dng M Tc th l c g? Vi phm di chiu tin , khng theo ch trng ca qun chng, nn truy cu hay khng? ng nhin l nn. V vy, Gia Ct Lng khng nhng phi git M Tc, cn phi xin ging ba bc. l nguyn nhn khin Gia Ct Lng phi git M Tc, nghim minh lut php v mt nguyn nhn quan trng hn l dp mi phn n ca qun chng. Nh li ngi Nghim Lnh v qun chng tc gin nn khng th khng git. Cng chnh v khng th khng, nn mi ny sinh th tnh cm va thng va gin, khng sao km nn c. Ni vy l c l. Git M Tc khng n thun l vn php lut m cn l vn chnh tr nn chng ta khng th n gin ha. Ti ngh, Gia Ct Lng gt l chm M Tc khng n gin l t chng m cn v mc ch chnh tr. Hoc l ni, Gia Ct Lng git M Tc khng ch v vi chng khi chn tin phong. Chng m Gia Ct Lng mun t cng khng ch l Ngy Din, Ng Nht v nhng ngi ch trng Ngy Din, Ng Nht l tin phong m cn l nhng nhn vt quyn th trong chnh quyn Thc Hn. Phn trn ti ni, chnh quyn Thc Hn c hp thnh bi ba th lc chnh tr. Th lc th nht l tp on Kinh chu, Lu B - Gia Ct Lng l i biu, ngi trong giao hng u ca chnh quyn Thc Hn, gi hn l nht th lc. Th lc th hai l tp on ng Chu, L Nghim - Ng Nht l i biu, ngi trn giao th hai, gi l nh th lc. Th ba l tp on ch chu, Bnh Dng (ngi Qung Hn), Qunh (ngi Thnh ), Tiu Chu (ngi Lng Trung) l i biu, a v thp nht, ngi giao th ba, thm ch cn gi nm na l tam th lc. Sau khi Lu B mt, Gia Ct Lng tip qun chnh quyn, nm gi quyn ln, ng u qun thn, nhiu ngi khng phc. Khng ch tam th lc c bng bt mn, m nh th lc cng ngm ngm mun sc, ngay c mt s ngi no (nh Ngy Din) trong nht th lc cng c cch nhn khc. Trc tnh hnh , ngi thay mt qun quyn nh Gia Ct Lng th cch chn la chnh xc l thc hnh php tr. Phi y php tr nc mt cch cng khai, cng bng, cng minh mi yn c quan h gia ba th lc ln, yn c lng dn, cng c c chnh quyn. Cho nn, Gia Ct Lng y php tr Thc khng n gin l vn php lut m cn l vn chnh tr. Lm r iu ny, chng ta s d dng gii thch c v sao Gia Ct Lng phi git M Tc, v sao phi xin ging chc ba bc, v sao cn phi au kh khc lc. Gia

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Ct Lng l trng s t tay m! Thc t th M Tc b git vo nm Kin Hng th VI (Cng nguyn nm 228) cch nm Kin Hng th IX (Cng nguyn nm 231), nm L Nghim b ph c ba nm. V chng mt nm trc , nm Kin Hng th V (Cng nguyn 227), L Nghim bt u ng gi vi Gia Ct Lng, mun phn chia nm qun, thnh lp Ba chu v lm th s. Hy on xem, c th lc ny Gia Ct Lng suy ngh phi gii quyt vn L Nghim nh th no? Gia Ct Lng ch trng tr nc theo php lut. i vi nhn vt cc k quan trng nh L Nghim khng th dng th on phi php, ch c th iu chnh bng php lut. iu i hi vic chp php phi cng bng. V th Gia Ct Lng phi x l hai nhn vt quan trng. Mt ngi l Liu Lp thuc tp tp on Kinh chu, mt ngi l Lai Mn thuc tp on ng Chu. Hai ngi phe phi khc nhau, nhng li c cng mt sai lm, tc l bt mn v cch sp xp nhn s ri gy mu thun ni b, ph hoi s on kt nht tr. Kt qu, Liu Lp b ph, Lai Mn b bi quan. Vic ny chng t Gia Ct Lng chp php nghim minh. Thc d hiu, trong tnh trng , chuyn ca M Tc y Gia Ct Lng vo mt kh khn rt ln, chu mt p lc nng n! Gia Ct Lng hiu r, x l M Tc khng ng, khng nhanh th bit ni vi dn th no, s khng th tr nc bng php lut. V ai cng r M Tc l ngi ca Gia Ct Lng. B qua M Tc th khng ch c Ngy Din - Ng Nht khng phc, m Liu Lp - cng s khng phc, L Nghim v nhng ngi khc s cng ba bi, nghi k. Ngh ti i cc, Gia Ct Lng ch cn cch rt ao chm cht M Tc t chng v chm lun mnh, xin c ging xung ba bc. M Tc hiu r i ngha, ch ng cu xin Gia Ct Lng x t mnh t quc dn. iu khng ch nh t mt cnh tay m cn nh t tng khc rut. l hnh vi va bi va trng, l s vic khin ngi ta cm thy xt xa. Hn rng chng ta khng c cng khc vi V hu! T y c th thy, Gia Ct Lng gt l chm M Tc, nguyn nhn trc tip l M Tc lm mt Nhai nh v nguyn nhn c bn l s u tranh trong ni b chnh quyn Thc Hn. Gia Ct Lng t mnh trong nguyn tc, tr quc bng php lut mt cch cng khai, cng tm, cng bng nn khi ng cn sng nc Thc v i th coi l thi bnh. Nhng cy mun lng m gi chng dng, vo thng tm nm Kin Hng th XII (Cng nguyn nm 234), Gia Ct Lng lm bnh v qua i trong qun Bc pht. Tang l cn cha kp tin hnh th Ngy Din v Dng Nghi ngi cng tp on Kinh chu ng binh ao, lao vo cuc chin mt sng mt cht. Vy, cuc u tranh gia Ngy Din v Dng Nghi l th no? Con ngi Ngy Din u li nh Tam quc din ngha tng ni, mt k phn tc?

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Tp th bn mi: HA T BN TRONG L Nghim b ph, M Tc b git, Ngy Din lm lon l ba nghi n ln trong thi i Gia Ct Lng. Xa nay lun c nhiu kin khc nhau v giai on lch s ny. C ngi ni Ngy Din trung thnh ht mc, v c b hi, hm oan chu nhc; c ngi ni Ngy Din l lon thn tc t, cht cha ht ti, khng phi xt li; cng c ngi ni, n ca Ngy Din l t tranh chp ni b, mi bn ng phi nh nm chc roi. Vy u l cch ni gn vi s tht lch s nht? Tp trc ni, do vic tranh ginh quyn lc lc ln lc xung, lc n lc hin trong ni b chnh quyn Thc Hn, Gia Ct Lng phi lao tm kh t, tm trm phng ngn k ha gii cc bn, thm ch phi dng c bin php mnh, dt khot. Nm Kin Hung th VI (Cng nguyn nm 228), M Tc b git; nm Kin Hng th IX (Cng nguyn nm 231) L Nghim b ph. Hai n nng , tuy tm thi v yn c mi quan h gia ba tp on ln Kinh chu, ng Chu, ch chu, nhung bnh th cha tr c ti gc ti ngn. Do vy cuc u tranh ring trong ni b chnh quyn Thc Hn dn ti ci gi l Ngy Din mu phn. Nhiu ngi hiu r s kin mu phn ca Ngy Din. Bi v Tam quc din ngha miu t s kin ny thc c thanh c sc, tinh t d nghe v mt vn hc, nn i vo lng ngi. Nhng nu li coi l lch s th khng ch oan ung cho Ngy Din, cn oan ung cho c Gia Ct Lng. V sao li ni nh vy? Trc ht, chng ta xem s sch ni th no . Tam quc ch - Ngy Din truyn cho ta hay: Thng tm nm Kin Hng th XII (Cng nguyn nm 234), Gia Ct Lng lm bnh v qua i trong qun Bc pht. Lc bnh nng, Gia Ct Lng triu Trng s Dng Nghi, T M Ph Y, H qun Khng Duy bn v b tr lui qun sau khi mnh qua i. Lnh Ngy Din on hu, th n l Khng Duy. Nu Ngy Din khng theo lnh, th mc, qun lnh c xut pht (nu Din khng theo lnh, qun c xut pht). Sau lc Gia Ct Lng qua i, Dng Nghi gi kn khng pht tang, phi Ph Y i xem Ngy Din ngh th no. Qu nhin Ngy Din khng theo lnh, ni gin: Tha tng tuy qua i, nhng Ngy Din ta cn sng (Tha tng mt, ta vn cn) vn c th tc chin vi Ngy qun (ta s thng lnh ba qun nh gic), v sao l mt vic ln thin h v mt ngi mt? (v sao mt ngi mt li b vic thin h). Hn na, Ngy Din ta l ai m phi nghe Dng Nghi ch huy, phi on hu cho Dng Nghi (Ngy Din l ai m phi nghe, phi on hu cho Dng Nghi)! Th ri Ngy Din mc tt c, b tr li qun ng, cn mun Ph Y lin danh b lnh. Tt nhin, Ph Y khng k tn, cn ni l a rng, ti v khuyn h vy! Dng Nghi l th sinh (Trng s l quan vn), cha h nh trn (t c vic qun),

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chc khng chng lnh ca tng qun (chc khng vi lnh). Ngy Din ngh cng phi, lin Ph Y v li i bn doanh. Ph Y ra khi ca phng nga chy nh bay. Ngy Din ngh li thy hi, cho ngi ui theo nhng khng kp (Din thy hi, ui theo nhng khng kp). Sau cho ngi i nghe ngng, Dng Nghi chun b lui qun, b mc Ngy Din, theo li dn ca Gia Ct Lng (theo li dn ca Lng, cc doanh theo th t lui qun). Ngy Din tc gin ht ch ni, dn qun v nc trc c Dng Nghi (lc qun cha i a qun v Nam), hn na qua sng l cht cu, i khi l t sn o1 (i xong l t sn o). Ngy Din khng ch cng khai tr mt vi bn Dng Nghi m cn lm mt ng rt ca i phng. ng thi Ngy Din cn dng biu tuyn b Dng Nghi mu phn. Dng Nghi b Ngy Din tranh ln trc, chn mt ng rt, dn vo chn tng, nn cng t co Ngy Din l mu phn. Kt qu ch trong mt ngy, hch cp u ti, tin hm ca hai bn lin tip n trc ng tin, u ni i phng phn nghch. ng nhin Lu Thin chng bit tht gi, nh phi hi ng Don, Tng Uyn. Nhng ngi c hi u ni, Dng Nghi khng th lm phn v khng c ai ng tnh vi Ngy Din (bo v Nghi, nghi ng Din). Lc ny th Ngy Din thc kh thot. Mt mt, triu nh lnh Tng Uyn em Tc v doanh ra hng Bc nghnh chin; Mt khc, Dng Nghi lnh cng binh cht cy sa ng ngy m hnh qun, ui gp pha sau. Ngy Din n trc, ng qun ca Nam Cc (ca Nam ng bao T Cc pha ty bc th trn Hn Trung, Thim Ty ngy nay), chn nh Dng Nghi. Dng Nghi lnh H Bnh chng tr pha trc. H Bnh tc l Vng Bnh, m h H, bn thn tng c nui dng nh ngoi, nn mang h H. Va trng thy Ngy Din, H Bnh xng ln trc, ln ting: tang l tha tng cn cha lm, cc ngi dm th ny (tha tng mt, thn cn cha lnh, cc ngi sao dm th ny)! B h ca Ngy Din nghe xong, bit l pha Ngy Din sai, nn h khng mun liu mng, h nhau tn ht. Chng cn cch no khc, Ngy Din nh mang con cng mt s thn tn chy v Hn Trung, cui cng b M i git. M i theo lnh ca Dng Nghi mang th cp ca Ngy Din v. Dng Nghi c th cp, bt thn ng dy chn p vo th cp ri va giy va chi ra: ch m, xem ngi cn lm c chuyn xu xa na khng (dung n, cn lm iu c na khng)! Li cho dit c ba h Ngy Din. Trn l li ghi chp v bn n trong Tam quc ch - Ngy Din truyn. T nhng ghi chp d dng thy ci gi l Ngy Din mu phn, c th ni, vic th c nguyn nhn, nhng khng c chng c. V sao ni vic th c nguyn nhn? Th nht, qun nhn ly phc tng lm thin chc. Trong nhng nm thng chin tranh, khng phc tng mnh lnh ca thng soi, t mnh hnh ng th kh trnh khi mang
1

Vn g xp hai ln bn sn ni, dng i qua cc khu vc ni non him tr.

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ting mu phn. Th hai, quay u sng, a qun xung min Nam, t mnh hnh ng, ai bit l bn s lm g? Th ba, i qun Bc pht vn l mt khi, n c hnh ng cn tm c, nhng v sao bn phi trit ng lui ca ngi khc? Mi ngi s on rng, Ngy Din mun nh v Thnh lt Thc Hn, khng bn Dng Nghi quay v cu gi. ng Don, Tng Uyn nghi ng Ngy Din l c l. Cui cng, lc hai bn t co ln nhau l phn nghch th bn Dng Nghi khng thy c du hiu g (thc tnh cng khng c kh nng ), pha Ngy Din khng gii thch ni. Trong tnh trng cha r s thc v cng kh lm r s thc, gi yn t nc, nh phi gi nh Ngy Din mu phn. Nhng nu ni Ngy Din lm phn tht th cha chng c v khng logic. Rt n gin, vi thc lc, kh nng lc ca Ngy Din, vic t lp lm hong e cha c. Bn thn Ngy Din cng s khng suy ngh nh vy. Ngy Din mun lm phn, ch c th phn Hn hng Ngy. Nu ng th th bin php tin nht cho Ngy Din l li dng th on hu hng Ngy, sau s l i qun trc nga ca T M ri quay li nh Dng Nghi. chnh l vic T M c cu cng khng c. Chng ta u bit, ging nh Lu B, sinh thi ch s mt mnh To Tho, T M cng ch s Gia Ct Lng. V vy va nghe tin Gia Ct Lng t th, T M sinh qun mun hnh ng ngay. Theo ch dn Hn Tn Xun Thu ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Gia Ct Lng truyn lc Dng Nghi t chin trng lui qun, T M ui theo nhng b Khng Duy giong trng m c nh lui, dn gian c cu ca Gia Ct cht th Trng t sng. Lc ny nu Ngy Din thc s phn bin hng gic, quay kch li nh, th tnh hnh s ra sao, chng ta u r. Ch t th cp b xo di chn phn nhiu l Dng Nghi, khng phi Ngy Din. Nhng Ngy Din khng lm th ch l ginh i v Nam trc. Hn na, sau khi b Vng Bnh nh bi, cng khng ngc ln Bc m vn chy thng v Hn Trung, hng Nam. iu ny ni r Ngy Din khng mun hng Ngy. Khng mun hng Ngy, sao gi l mu phn? V vy, ng Don, Tng Uyn cng ch nghi ng Ngy Din mu phn, khng h khng nh. Ngy Din khng nghe ch huy, t tin hnh ng, nn b nghi ng; Theo cch ni ca mnh, c hai nguyn nhn Ngy Din lm th: 1- Kin tr Bc pht (ta soi ch qun nh gic, v sao mt ngi cht li b c vic ln ca thin h). 2- Khng phc Dng Nghi (Ngy Din l ai, sao phi thuc Dng Nghi, lm tng on hu). Nguyn nhn th nht ni r Ngy Din khng mun phn, nhng ngh k, nh vy khng phi khng c vn . V nu thc s kin tr Bc pht th li chin u tip, v sao phi ginh v Nam trc? Cng vy, nguyn nhn th hai l c vn . V nu ch l khng phc Dng Nghi th ngi i ng Dng Quan ca ngi, Dng Nghi i theo cu c Mc ca ng ta, ngi ginh v Nam trc cng c, nhng v sao phi qua ri lin t ht ng sn o? R rng l mun t Dng Nghi vo ch cht! ng nhin, iu khng h mu thun g vi suy ngh ca Ngy

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Din. Git Dng Nghi, ot qun th cng c th tip tc Bc pht dit Ngy theo suy ngh ca mnh. V vy, hai nguyn nhn Ngy Din ni u c l. Nhng vo thi , nguyn nhn th hai c gi tr hn, c iu lc hnh ng li ni lng git chc. ng nhin, nh vy l ng trch, nhng vu l mu phn th thc l oan ung; v git ht ba h l hnh pht thi qu. V iu ny, c th v sau chnh quyn Thc Hn nhn ra, c hai chng c. Chng c th nht l kt lun ca Trn Th khi vit truyn Ngy Din. Trn Th cho rng, s d Ngy Din khng ln Bc m xung Nam, v lc by gi suy ngh l vy, ch l mun git bn Dng Nghi (Din khng ngh ln Bc hng Ngy m v Nam, nhng lai mun tr git Nghi). Ngy Din suy ngh l vy, khng h c mu phn (ngh l th, khng mun bi phn). Chng ta u bit, l nh s hc nghim tc, Trn Th khng d g a ra kt lun . C th y l nhn thc chung lc by gi, cng c th l s thc sau lc triu nh Thc Hn tra xt r. Chng c th hai, l di ch trn sn ni Thch M ngoi ca Bc thnh Hn Trung. Nam Trnh huyn ch c bin son li vo Triu Cn Long i nh Thanh cho rng, di ch ny c nhiu kh nng l m Ngy Din do triu nh Thc Hn ly l hu tng. V sao phi ly l hu tng y? v Tng Uyn v nhng ngi khc u pht hin Ngy Din mu phn l n oan (Tng Uyn cho rng ca Ngy Din ch l mun git Dng Nghi, khng bi phn). Thm vo Ngy Din l Tc tng, c chin cng, ng nhin l phi nhc li cng lao trc, ly l hu tng. Tc l ra sch ti ca Ngy Din. ng nhin, y cha phi l hai bng chng qu cht ch. Bng chng cht ch phi l vn bn chnh thc ca triu nh Thc Hn. Nhng ch s khng bao gi chng ta tm c. C iu, chng ta vn c th a ra mt bng chng ph, l ci cht ca Dng Nghi. Thng thng th nu Ngy Din mu phn tht, hoc triu nh Thc Hn xc nhn l tht, th Dng Nghi l i anh hng c cng bnh phn, sau khi v triu tt s c trng thng. Bn thn Dng Nghi hn cng ngh vy. Tam quc ch - Dng Nghi truyn ni Dng Nghi va a qun v, li va git Din, t ngh cng lao to ln, ng c thay Lng lo chnh. Nhng s thc l th no? Ch c phong Trung tng qun, hu chc v quyn, trong tay khng cn mt tn lnh (c g m thng lnh), thc t l nhn ri (ri ri m thi). Thay th Gia Ct Lng li l Tng Uyn, mt ngi t cch tng tri, ti nng v cng hin u khng bng Dng Nghi. Dng Nghi thy vy, ng ng ni gin, lng d xn xang, n kh ngt tri. Cch ni trong Tam quc ch - Dng Nghi truyn l on hn thnh li, ting than th pht ra t ni tng, cng tc l on trch phn n hin ra mt, nhng li bt mn hn trn ming. Kt qu l mi ngi s Dng Nghi ni li sai tri, mt tit ch, phm hy k, khng dm n gp (ngi thi s ni li bt tit, khng dm n theo), cn mi

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Hu qun s lui ti an i. Dng Nghi m vi Ph Y, ni rt nhiu, ni chuyn. Cn Ph Y, ch nghe m khng ni. Cui cng, Dng Nghi ni, ngh li lc tha tng va qua i, ta a ton qun n vi h Ngy th lm g c cnh n c chn chng nh by gi? c hi cng mun! Dng Nghi ni li phn ng cc nh, Ph Y cng khng th v tnh ring m khng bo. Ph Y mt bo v kt qu l, vo nm Kin Hng th XIII (Cng nguyn nm 235), Dng Nghi b ph lm dn thng, y ti qun Gia - Dng Nghi ra qun Gia, khng chu hi ci, li dng th phi bng triu nh, ni nng ba bi, triu nh phi h lnh bt giam vo ngc. Cui cng, Dng Nghi t st, v v con tr v Thc qun. Lc ny cch lc Ngy Din b git (thng tm nm Kin Hng th XII) cha y mt nm. Theo ti, lc ny chnh l lc triu nh Thc Hn c th bnh phn cho Ngy Din. ng nhin, y c mt vn khng th ni r c, tc l hai ch h Ngy trong cu ni ca Dng Nghi nu nh ta ct qun n vi h Ngy l ch To Ngy hay Ngy Din? Nu l ch To Ngy th ngi mu phn khng phi Ngy Din m l Dng Nghi. Nu l ch Ngy Din th hn l Ngy Din khng c phn. Bi v nu Ngy Din mun phn Thc hng Ngy, vy, thng lnh ton qun truy ui Ngy Din, h chng phi cng l phn tc? Cu ni nu nh ta ct qun n vi h Ngy ca Dng Nghi l no khng phi t nhn l mu phn? Dng Nghi khng ngc n vy, triu cng khng x Nghi theo ti mu phn (v con Nghi v Thc). Nn cu ni ch c th hiu l nu ta a ton qun ui theo Ngy Din. Dng Nghi hn khng ui kp Ngy Din khng c mu phn, v vy, Ngy Din ang b Dng Nghi truy ui hn cng khng mun mu phn. Khng nghi ng g, Dng Nghi khng th ui kp Ngy Din, cu ni nu ta em ton qun n vi h Ngy ch l cu ni ba. Nhng chnh cu ni lm r s thanh bch ca Ngy Din. T y thy r, n Ngy Din khng phi l mu phn m l mu thun ni b. V y l cuc u tranh ni b in hnh. Ngy Din, Dng Nghi hn th nhau n tn xng ty, mun a i phng vo ch cht mi vui, thm ch mnh tay khng k g n s an nguy ca t nc. Thc k qui! Ngy Din v Dng Nghi u thuc nht th lc (tp on Kinh chu) trong chnh quyn Thc Hn, u c Lu B, Gia Ct Lng coi trng (Ngy Din l Tin qun s, Chinh ty i tng qun, gi tit, phong Nam Trnh hu, Dng Nghi l tha tng trng s, Tuy qun tng qun). Gia h khng c chuyn tranh ginh li ch phe phi, tp on, cng khng c s khc bit v phng chm, ng li. n y chng ta mun hi, v sao gia h li c th su hn ln n nh vy?

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Thc tnh cng khng c g. Nguyn nhn sinh mu thun gia hai ngi ch l tnh kh v cung cch lm vic. Tam quc ch - Ngy Din truyn ni, Ngy Din l ngi yu mn tng s, dng mnh hn ngi, bn tnh kiu cng cao ngo, nhiu ngi ng thi lun nhng nhn Ngy Din, ring Dng Nghi khng phc (ch Dng Nghi l khng theo), Ngy Din lin ght cay ght ng Dng Nghi, lun nh nc vi la (dn ti th hn nh nc vi la). Vy, mu thun ca hai ngi n mc no? Ti mc khng th ngi li ni chuyn. Tam quc ch - Ph Y truyn ni, hai ngi c ngi vi nhau l ci nhau. Ci nhau mt lc ri Ngy Din rt kim ra nh nh v pha Dng Nghi (gi kim v pha Nghi), Dng Nghi lin khc m ln (nc mt m a). Lc , Ph Y l ngi ng ra ha gii. Ph Y ng ngay vo gia hai ngi ri va khuyn gii va ko h ra. Bn ni xem, cn ra th thng g na! Vic u tranh ni b gia Ngy Din v Dng Nghi l vic xu loang xa, Tn Quyn cng bit chuyn v khng ly lm l. Theo ch dn Tng Dng k ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - ng Don truyn, mt ln Ph Y sang s ng Ng, Tn Quyn by tic tht i. Lc ng ng say, Tn Quyn mi ni vi Ph Y, Dng Nghi v Ngy Din l hai k tiu nhn ti tin. Tuy cng c cht t bn lnh, nhng mi khi c ch th s qun ht. Nu bn qu quc khng c Gia Ct Lng th hai k ny nht nh lm lon, v sao cc v khng nhanh chng phng nga ha nn sau ny? Ph Y qu bt ng cng li, hng hng (bn thn nhn khp ni, khng ni c). Ph i s ng Khi bo Ph Y ni, ch l mu thun ni b nhn dn (Nghi, Din khng tha hip, sinh t th nhau), khng ging nh Knh B, Hn Tn kh b ch ng (khng nh Knh, Hn kh ch ng), khng nn v th m mt n mt ng, khng nn bn tm thm na. Ph Y tr li qua qut cho mt mt, li ni ca Tn Quyn c phn chm chc. R rng Ngy Din, Dng Nghi c thiu st, c sai lm, c vn , nhng Dng Nghi c ti, Ngy Din kiu dng, khng th coi l loi tiu nhn. Thc t th Ngy Din v Dng Nghi u l nhng ngi c Lu B, Gia Ct Lng qu mn, coi trng. Ngy Din truyn ni, nm sau khi xng vng Hn Trung, Lu B chun b v Thnh , ch li mt vin i tng li gi Hn Trung. Lc hu nh ai cng ngh, ngi gnh trch nhim nng n nht nh phi l Trng Phi (mi ngi bn lun phi l Trng Phi), nhng Lu B ph l chn Ngy Din, kt qu mi ngi kinh ngc. Lu B bit mi ngi khng phc, lin m hi qun thn v hi Ngy Din: Qu nhn y thc trng trch, i khanh c d nh g khng? Ngy Din ni: nu To Tho ra khi , mt tng xin thay i vng ngn hn (chng c)! Nu phi mt Thin tng thng lnh mi vn qun n, mt tng xin thay i vng n ti hn (nut sng)! ng l kh lp sn h! Thc t th Ngy Din anh dng thin chin. V vy khi Gia Ct Lng Bc pht, Ngy Din tng c tin b cng tng l tin phong.

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Dng Nghi cng l ngi c kh nng. Dng Nghi truyn ni, Gia Ct Lng nhiu ln ra qun, thng l Dng Nghi quy hoch, lo vic b tr, thu xp lng tho, tnh ton qun ph (quy hoch phn b, d ton lng thc), hn na khng tn nhiu cng sc, mt t cng sc l x l xong (khng suy tnh nhiu, mi chuyn xong). V vy, khi Dng Nghi v Ngy Din c mu thun, Gia Ct Lng phi au u (Lng tic thm Nghi ti cn, Din thng kiu dng, m hn hai ngi bt bng). Gia Ct Lng khng nhn tm bn trng bn khinh, ch cn cch ra sc gi yn bt nc (khng mun c s thin lch). Tic thay, Gia Ct Lng ht sc gi thng bng, Ph Y ha gii, hai ngi vn ngm ngm tranh u, kt qu l c hai u bi hoi, thng tn. C nhin Ngy Din nh tan ngi mt, Dng Nghi cng thn bi danh lit. Kh s bit chng no! iu ng bun hn, sau khi cht hai ngi cn b x v. Ngy Din b chi l phn tc, ti danh ny cn c Tam quc din ngha ni nh inh ng ct, c h i i khng th m mt. Dng Nghi b chi l tiu nhn, nhiu ngi hn thay cho Ngy Din chi ra. R rng ci gi l Ngy Din mu phn l n oan, vy, oan c u n c ch. Dng Nghi trc tip to ra n oan phi c trch nhim. ng nh ngi Trn Nh ng ni, Ngy Din thn l i tng c i chinh chin, c th coi l c cng ln, khng c ti ln, nhng gp ha ln, b vu khng, oan ung khn cng, vy sao Dng Nghi, ngi cn phi git ht dit tn c ba h nh ngi ta? V vy ngi i sau ht sc bt bng. V nh Hch Kinh cho rng, Dng Nghi v t th m git i tng, ti nng hn Ngy Din (ti hn Din). Lu Gia Lp cng ni, Ngy Din cng khng th mt, git ba h, tht qu nng xem Tam quc ch tp gii. Thm na, git ngi bt qu l u ri xung t. Dng Nghi, ngi git Ngy Din, cn p, day u ngi ta, tht qu ng? V phn mnh, Dng Nghi cng c phn m c. Th nht, Dng Nghi tranh chp vi Ngy Din, n thun ch l n on c nhn, kh ni ai ng ai sai. Bnh tnh m xt, trch nhim ca Ngy Din c phn ln hn. V nguyn nhn khin hai ngi bt ha hon ton l do Ngy Din, tnh kh ngang bng, nhc m ngi khc, duy c Dng Nghi l khng khut phc. Dng Nghi khng c trch nhim g. Ngy Din, ngi c th kiu cng phng tng, l no Dng Nghi li khng c c lp, t do? cha ni ti chuyn mi ln tranh ci l mi ln Dng Nghi b h nhc. Mt i nam nhi, mi ln b si nhc li khc lc, ri l, ngi ni xem lng d Dng Nghi lc ny th no? Chng trch sau ny Dng Nghi c x vi Ngy Din nh vy. Dng Nghi on hn qu su nng! Th hai, bui u ca v n, Dng Nghi gn nh khng c sai lm. Dng Nghi hnh ng theo s sp xp ca Gia Ct Lng. Tam quc ch - Ngy Din truyn ni rt r trc lc lm chung, Gia Ct Lng lnh Din on hu, th n Khng Duy; nu

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Din khng theo lnh, c cho qun xut pht. Dng Nghi lm theo , th c g l sai? Ngy Din khng nghe s ch huy, t nhin hnh ng i xong li t sn o, ct ng rt lui ca Dng Nghi, chng nh Dng Nghi c yn ch cht? Ngy Din khng ch y Dng Nghi vo ch cht, cn t co Dng Nghi mu phn, chng nh Dng Nghi li khng c quyn t v? Cng lc ny Ngy Din, Dng Nghi t co ln nhau, vn v trong triu bo v Nghi, nghi ng Din chng nh y li l sai lm ca Dng Nghi? Theo , Ngy Din sai lm khi xy ra n ny. Nhng y li cng c vn , v cng c kh nng l Ngy Din hnh ng theo s sp xp ca Gia Ct Lng. Theo ch dn Ngy lc ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Ngy Din truyn, trc lc lm chung, Gia Ct Lng ch nh Ngy Din thay mnh, khng phi l Dng Nghi. V Gia Ct Lng cn c lnh r rng, Ngy Din lo vic ca mnh, chn ct b mt. Ngy Din tun lnh, b mt hnh ng, ng n Bao Khu (l ca Nam Cc, ni phn trc) mi pht tang. Lc ny Dng Nghi thy lo lng, lo Ngy Din nm vic qun s hi mnh (s b hi), nn t co trc, to d lun Ngy Din phn bin hng gic (lun ni l Din em qun theo ln Bc), khng ch trc, cng kch Ngy Din (em qun nh Din). Ngy Din vn khng c phn, nn khng nh nhau vi Dng Nghi (khng nh), ch c th rt lui (qun i), kt qu b hi (ui ri git i). Vic tr nn nghim trng! Nu nhng li trn l ng. Khng th ph nhn nhng iu ghi trong Tam quc ch, vy Gia Ct Lng c trch nhim ln. Gia Ct Lng ra hai lnh mu thun nhau, mt mt lnh Ngy Din lo vic ca mnh, chn ct b mt, mt khc lnh Dng Nghi Ngy Din on hu, nu Din khng theo lnh, cho qun xut pht. Nh vy chng phi y Ngy Din, Dng Nghi n ch tn st ln nhau? V vy Lu B truyn ca ngi Trng Tc Diu ni n oan ca Ngy Din hon ton do mt tay Gia Ct Lng dng nn. Theo logic , Gia Ct Lng khng ch to nn n oan cho Ngy Din m cn dn ti bi kch ca Dng Nghi. Trc y c s so snh vi Tng Uyn, Dng Nghi gi dn hn (hn tui Uyn), nng lc mnh (ti nng hn), cng lao ln (cng hun qu ln), hoc khng c cng lao cng c kh lao (vt v hn), hn na cn c cng bnh phn, nhng sao a v li thp hn Tng Uyn? Vy, v sao Tng Uyn li thay th chc quyn ca Gia Ct Lng (tr chc tha tng), Dng Nghi li l ngi nhn nh? Tt c u do cch sp xp ca Gia Ct Lng. Tam quc ch - Dng Nghi truyn ni ngh tn y lng Gia Ct Lng (lc sinh thi) lun cho rng Dng Nghi tnh tnh khng tt, nng ny hp hi, khng bng Tng Uyn (Nghi hp hi nng gin khng bng Uyn), kt qu Tng Uyn thng nhim, Dng Nghi dng li, cui cng dit vong.

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Tht khng khip! Gia Ct Lng t hai cnh o git ba k s, mt mi tn trng hai ch, va tr c Ngy Din va tr c Dng Nghi, thc nham him v c c? Chng ta mun bit: c ng th khng? Khng. Ni Tng Uyn lm vic tip, Dng Nghi nhn nh l rt ng ng. Tam quc ch - Dng Nghi truyn ni v cch sp xp ny, l cn c vo mt ch lc sinh thi ca Gia Ct Lng. Nhng chng ta mun hi, lm sao h c th bit Gia Ct Lng lun suy ngh, lun cho l nh vy? ng nhin, Tam quc ch ni r vic ny. Theo Tng Uyn truyn, lc sinh thi Gia Ct Lng thng ni vi mi ngi, Cng Vim (t ca Tng Uyn) va trung trinh va cao nh (Cng Vim ch cao, trung thnh), l ngi c th cng ta ph t hong thng gy dng nghip ln (cng ta gy dng vng nghip). y l vic to d lun. Gia Ct Lng cn b mt dng th ln Lu Thin ni nu thn bt hnh, hu s nn giao Uyn). Coi y l s sp t. Nhng chng ta li mun hi: vy, sao trc lc lm chung Gia Ct Lng khng cho cng b suy ngh , li phi c mt biu ln hu ch? Chng ta u r, lc Tng Uyn thay th, mi ngi u khng phc, v sau nhn vo mi dn phc. Ch dn y ni r, Tng Uyn thay th c phn t ngt, c phn min cng. V vy, trong Tam Quc s thoi, ngi L T Min ni, bng a v danh vng ca mnh, nu trc Gia Ct Lng cng khai dn d th khng s c ngi phn i, v s vic s tha ng hn. Nhng v sao Gia Ct Lng li khng lm nh vy? Ngi L kt lun, vic Gia Ct Lng b mt tin c Tng Uyn l khng thc tnh. ng nhin, c th l nh vy. Trong lch s c i Trung Quc, phm l nhng vic lin quan n thay i quyn lc, th khng trnh khi c h h thc thc, p p m m v cng cn mt kh nng na, Gia Ct Lng c phn lo ngi. Lo ngi ai? Dng Nghi. Phn trc ni, Dng Nghi gi dn hn Tng Uyn, nng lc mnh hn Tng Uyn, cng lao nhiu hn Tng Uyn, cn l ngi ht sc t tin. Nu trc lc lm chung, Gia Ct Lng tuyn b Tng Uyn thay th th liu Dng Nghi c nhy ln khng? ng vy, lc cn Gia Ct Lng, Dng Nghi khng dm nhy. Lc Gia Ct Lng t th th sao? Nhy hay khng nhy? Nn nh, lc ny Tng Uyn khng trong qun, Ngy Din tin phng, Dng Nghi c qun lnh trong tay. Bn cnh l Ph Y, l Khng Duy, nn s l khng trn ni. V d c trn c th vic Dng Nghi ni dy cng chng c kh khn g. V vy, ch c th ch i qun v triu ri mi ni tip. Cng v vy, Gia Ct Lng ch c th mt biu vi hu ch. Vy th sao Gia Ct Lng cn lnh Ngy Din lo vic ca mnh, b mt chn ct? Chng nh cng l i ph vi Dng Nghi? Theo ti, chuyn ny khng tin c. Nguyn nhn khng tin c li khng hon ton nh Bi Tng Chi ni, tc l

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li n i nc ch khng th tranh thm vi bn truyn, cn v khng c kh nng ny. Lc Gia Ct Lng mt, Ngy Din khng cnh, ch c mt mnh Dng Nghi. Gia Ct Lng lnh Ngy Din lo vic ca mnh bng cch no? Bng cch no Ngy Din c th b mt chn ct? Hn na, Gia Ct Lng bnh v cht V Cng Ng Trng Nguyn. Ngy Din b mt chn ct ng n Bao Khu, i rt xa v hng Nam, v sao Dng Nghi li ni Ngy Din mun a qun theo ln Bc? V vy, khng tin c cch ni trong Ngy lc. Khng th tin c my li ghi trong Ngy lc ca Ng Hon, cn cch ni trong Tam quc ch - Ngy Din truyn l chn thc chng? Nu ng, Gia Ct Lng phi chu trch nhim trc ci cht ca Ngy Din; bng khng, phi tr li xem chn tng l g. Lch s c ba kin v thi khc nhau v chuyn ny. Quan im th nht cho rng, nhng iu ghi trong Ngy Din truyn l thc, Gia Ct Lng ngh th tt Ngy Din s phn nn mi sp xp nh vy. Tam quc din ngha c th i din cho cch ni ny. Quan im th hai cng cho rng iu ni trong Ngy Din truyn l thc, v vy Gia Ct Lng mt tay hoch nh gy ra n oan cho Ngy Din. Lu B truyn ca Trng Tc Diu c th i din cho cch ni ny. Quan im th ba cho rng, iu ghi trong Ngy Din truyn khng phi l s thc, s thc khc hn. Tam quc s thoi ca ngi L T Min v Nhn thoi tam phn ca ngi Trn Nh ng c th i din cho cch ni ny. Nu ng vi quan im th nht, Ngy Din b oan; ng vi quan im th hai, cn phi ph phn Gia Ct Lng; ng vi quan im th ba, s phi ph nhn Tam quc ch. Mi ngi cm thy rt kh khn. Vy, liu c cch gii thch th t no ng tin khng? Tp th bn mi mt: LY CNG TH Trong n ca Ngy Din c mt cu cha c gii, v sao trc lc lm chung, Gia Ct Lng li c s b tr lui qun bt li cho Ngy Din. Phi chng cch b tr ny quan h ti ng li qun s gia hai ngi c khc nhau? V sao lc Bc pht, Gia Ct Lng khng theo k hay T Ng cc ca Ngy Din? ng sau s khc nhau c n tnh g kh ni ra chng? Gia Ct Lng my ln ra K Sn, vt v m chng c g, nhng v sao vn phi Bc pht, cui cng l v sao? Tp trc chng ta ni ti n ca Ngy Din. V i th tnh cht ca v n lc ny r rng, Ngy Din tc lon khng phi mu phn v l u tranh ni b. Ngi c trch nhim trc tip chnh l Dng Nghi v Ngy Din. Nhng Gia Ct Lng cng khng thot khi c can h, v trc lc lm chung, Gia Ct Lng a ra cch sp t k qui. Theo Tam quc ch Ngy Din truyn, lc bnh nng, Gia Ct Lng b mt triu tp Hi ngh bn sp. n d c Trng s Dng Nghi, T m Ph Y, H qun Khng Duy... Gia Ct Lng ni r, sau khi ta mt th lp tc

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lui qun, Ngy Din on hu. Nu Ngy Din khng phc tng mnh lnh th mc, qun lnh c xut pht. Vic ny rt ng ng. Mi ngi u r, trong qun Bc pht lc , ngoi Gia Ct Lng, a v Ngy Din l cao nht, l Tin qun s, Chinh ty i tng qun, gi tit, c phong Nam Trnh hu. Nam Trnh hu l Huyn hu, tc v cao nht; i tng qun l thc chc, qun hm cao nht; gi tit l c thng phng bo kim, quyn uy cao nht. Theo php thng, ngi thay th Gia Ct Lng ch huy ton qun hnh ng, ng nhin phi l Ngy Din. Nhng Gia Ct Lng li ch nh Dng Nghi. Chc v ca Dng Nghi l th no? Tha tng trng s thm Tuy qun tng qun. Tha tng trng s l b th trng trong ph tha tng, thc t l mt qun gia. Tuy qun tng qun l t lnh khng c qun, khng thng soi qun lnh, thc t l quan vn trong qun i. Cch b tr ca Gia Ct Lng l khng trao qun quyn cho qun nhn, m trao cho vn nhn, khng trao cho quan to, m trao cho quan nh, khng trao cho ph thng soi, m trao cho b th trng. Thay i, ln xn nh vy, khng phi l k quc sao? V vy, chng ta li hi: 1- V sao Gia Ct Lng khng dng Ngy Din m dng Dng Nghi? 2- Gia Ct Lng triu tp hi ngh b mt trc sp, sao khng thng bo Ngy Din tham gia? 3- V sao Gia Ct Lng on bit c Ngy Din s khng phc tng mnh lnh v yu cu qun lnh c xut pht, mc Ngy Din? iu k qui nht y l: Nu Din khng theo lnh, qun c xut pht. Ai cng thy, thc cht l mun y Din vo ch cht hoc bc Din phi lm phn, ch t cng l chun b loi b Din! Gia Ct Lng khng phi l khng bit iu li hi y. Vy, v sao Gia Ct Lng phi lm nh vy? Cng c ba cch gii thch. Tam quc din ngha ni, Gia Ct Lng bit Ngy Din s to phn. R rng iu ny c th gii thch mi nghi vn y. Nhng tht kh tin li ni ca mt tiu thuyt gia. Trong thc t khng c nh s hc nghim tc no dng cch ni ny. Ngay c mt s hc gi vn tn sng Gia Ct Lng (nh ngi D Minh Hip) cng ni thc cht ci gi l Ngy Din mu phn l n oan ln thi (xem Gia Ct Lng bnh truyn). Vy, khng nn ni nh th. Nhng Ngy Din khng mu phn s rc ri vi Gia Ct Lng thng soi nh vt b ph thng soi, th l th no? Cho nn, mt nh s hc no - ngi va ni Ngy Din oan ung va ng h Gia Ct Lng ni, my iu ghi trong Tam quc ch l khng ng s thc. V nh Tam Quc s thoi ca ngi L T Min ni, Gia Ct Lng lc bnh nguy cp cha h nh ra k hoch lui qun t nhin qua i. Ci gi l lnh Din on hu, th n Khng Duy l k hoch ca Dng Nghi, khng phi k hoch ca Gia Ct Lng. Mc Ngy Din, qun lnh c xut pht, hn cng l ch trng ca Dng Nghi, khng phi ch trng ca Gia Ct Lng. Gia

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Ct Lng khng h p t bng cu ni nu Din khng theo lnh, qun lnh c xut pht, c kh nng Dng Nghi v my ngi khc gi truyn Tha tng di mnh. Ni th l ng. Ngy Din khng , Khng Minh cht khng cn ngi i chng. Loi Khu d nh tha tng di mnh cn khng phi t ming Dng Nghi ni ra sao? Hn na, ni nh vy cn c ci hay, vic ln m xong th mi vic khc u xong, vic g cng gii quyt c. Tic rng y ch l phng on, suy lun, khng h c bt c chng c no. Chng ta khng th khng i din vi kh nng th ba: Gia Ct Lng b mt triu tp hi ngh trc sp, ng c b tr Lnh Din on hu, th n Khng Duy; nu Din khng theo lnh, qun c xut pht. Cn nh v sao Gia Ct Lng c s sp t bt li cho Ngy Din th Lu B truyn ca ngi Trng Tc Diu gii thch, Gia Ct Lng khng tin tng Ngy Din. V sao khng tn nhim? V gia h c s khc bit v chin thut qun s. C chng c g khng m ni nh vy? C. Tam quc ch Ngy Din truyn ni, mi ln xut chinh (mi khi theo Lng xut chinh), Ngy Din lun yu cu Gia Ct Lng cho qun (mun c vn qun) t mnh dn qun i theo ng khc, xut kch t hai pha, hi s ng Quan (khc ng vi Lng v hi hp ng Quan), ging nh nm no Hn Tn gip Lu Bang ly thin h (nh truyn Hn Tn) nhng khng bao gi Gia Ct Lng nghe theo (khng ch v khng cho). Ngy Din lin cho rng Gia Ct Lng nht gan, s vic (Lng nht gan), ly lm bt bng v ti khng gp c ti (hn v c ti khng c tn dng). Cn mt vic na lm cho hai ngi c s khc bit, l k mu T Ng cc. Chng ta u bit, qun Thc t Hn Trung Bc tin vo Trung Nguyn tt phi qua Tn Lnh. C ba ng vt Tn Lnh. Th nht l ng T Ng cc mt ng, di hn su trm dm, n thng Trng An. ng th hai l Tr Cc gia, di hn bn trm dm n thng V Cng. Mt ng na l T Cc mt ty, di gn nm trm dm, n Mi quc (huyn Mi). on gia T Cc c mt ng nhnh r v hng bc gi l K Cc. T K Cc ra Tn Quan l n Trn Thng. Ma xun nm Kin Hng th VI (Cng nguyn nm 228), Gia Ct Lng n Hn Trung t lu, quyt nh tn cng, m u cuc Bc pht ln th nht. i theo ng no l mt vn . Theo ch dn Ngy lc ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch Ngy Din truyn, lc by gi Gia Ct Lng triu tp hi ngh qun s ti Nam Trnh. y, ln u Ngy Din ch trng chia qun lm hai ng. C th, Ngy Din thng lnh nm ngn tinh binh, nm ngn ngi khc vn chuyn lng tho xut pht t Bao Trung, men theo Tn Lnh v y, theo T Ng cc ln bc. Cha n mi hm

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n Trng An. Cng lc , Gia Ct Lng thn dn i qun theo T Cc vo Mi Quc, Trn Thng. Ngy Din ni, trn gi Trng An l H Hu Mu, con r To Tho. Mu l cng t chng ra g (nht nht, v mu). Nghe ni mt tng l thn binh t tri xung hn s quay u bin mt (ln thuyn trn chy). Quan vin trong thnh Trng An cng chng u ra u (duy c ng s, thi th Kinh Triu), nhng tin lng th kh sung tc, mt tng chng mt trn. Ch khi qun tha tng n, hai qun hi hp, chng phi t pha ty Hm Dng tr i coi nh xong (mt n nh c t pha ty Hm Dng)? Gia Ct Lng khng nghe. y chnh l K mu T Ng cc. y l mt on cng n ni ting trong thi i Gia Ct Lng, cng l mt vn cc nh s hc bn lun mi. Rt nhiu ngi khng hiu v sao Gia Ct Lng khng theo kin ngh ca Ngy Din, xut k binh t T Ng cc nh mt trn, To Tho khng kp tr tay. Kin ngh ca Ngy Din gm hai ni dung. Mt l chia qun (Ngy Din thng lnh mt vn qun i ng T Ng cc, Gia Ct Lng thng lnh i qun i t T cc), hai l k tp (nh thng ti Trng An). V vy, n ny gm hai vn . Mt, v sao Gia Ct Lng khng Ngy Din chia qun, hai, v sao Gia Ct Lng khng i ng T Ng cc. Ni ti vic chia qun trc. Chia qun thc ra cng l chuyn thng. Lu B v Quan V cng lun chia qun, Long Trung i cng ni, Lnh mt thng tng chia qun Kinh chu cho Uyn, Lc, tng qun thn lnh qun chng ch chu ra ng Tn Xuyn, bn thn Ngy Din cng ni nh chuyn Hn Tn. R rng Ngy Din coi Gia Ct Lng nh Lu Bang, Lu B, coi mnh nh Hn Tn, Quan V, tt c l trung thnh, l tho ng. y l iu mt. iu hai, cng khng phi Gia Ct Lng tuyt khng chia qun. Theo Tam quc ch - Gia Ct Lng truyn, quyt sch sau ny ca Gia Ct Lng l ni vng rng s tn cng Mi quc theo ng T cc, nhng li phi Triu Vn, ng Chi chim c K cc, cn mnh th lnh i qun tin cng pha ty K Sn. V vy, chia qun khng phi l vic khng nn lm. Nhng Gia Ct Lng phi Triu Vn, ng Chi, khng phi Ngy Din, ai ny u ngh Gia Ct Lng khng tin Ngy Din. C th xem xt chuyn ny. Bi v th nht, qun ca Triu Vn v ng Chi ch l nghi binh, khng nht thit phi c ai . Hung chi, a v ca Triu Vn lc ny khng h thp hn Ngy Din (Nin hiu Kin Hng nm u hai ngi u c phong nh hu, chc v Triu Vn l Trung h qun, Trn ng tng qun, chc v Ngy Din l tha tng t m, Lng chu th s). Phi Triu Vn khng phi Ngy Din, khng th ni l khng tn Ngy Din. Th hai, t l lch ca Ngy Din, ta bit Ngy Din l ngi c Gia Ct Lng trng dng, sinh thi, Lu B qu mn Ngy Din, c coi l trng thn ca tin ch. Di thi Lu B, Ngy Din t Nha mn tng qun, Trn vin tng qun lm ti Trn bc tng qun. Lc Gia Ct Lng,

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ph t Lu Thin, cn c phong l nh hu. Nm Kin Hng th V (Cng nguyn nm 227), Gia Ct Lng vo Hn Trung, phi c Ngy Din l Tin b ch huy quan (c tin b), kim nhim tha tng T m, Lng chu th s. Nm Kin Hng th VIII (Cng nguyn nm 230), li thng Ngy Din lm Tin qun s, Chinh ty i tng qun, gi tit. Tc v cng thng ln hai bc, t nh hu ( nh hu) thng lm Huyn hu (Nam Trnh hu). Ngoi ra, Tam quc ch - Lu Dim truyn, lc Lu Dim v Ngy Din sinh mu thun, Gia Ct Lng lin trch c Lu Dim. Cho nn, ni nh vy e khng c. Li ni v T Ng cc. y cng l vn m lch s bn lun nhiu. Tiu im bn lun l xem xem k mu ca Ngy Din c th thc hin c khng. Mt phi ni, thc tic l Gia Ct Lng khng dng k ca Ngy Din. Chng ta u bit, i vi ln Bc pht ny ca Gia Ct Lng, bn pha To Tho khng h c chun b (khng c chun b). Ch khi qun Thc xut hin ba qun K Sn, Nam An, Thin Thu, ng thi qun phn Ngy hng ng Lng, kt qu Quan Trung chn ng, tp on To Ngy triu d khip s. Lc ny, nu nm ngn tinh binh ca Ngu Din cng xut hin Trng An th tnh hnh s nh th no? Tic rng Khng Minh thn trng qu mc, lm mt c c may. Ni nh vy, ng nhin l c l. C iu chng ta cng ng xem thng kin ca phi phn i. H cho rng, phng n ca Ngy Din cn nhiu s xut. V d, Ngy Din cho rng H Hu Mu s b thnh tho chy. Nhng vn nht hn khng chy th sao? Hoc H Hu Mu chy, nhng cc tng lnh vn c th th sao? V li danh tng nc Ngy nh Quch Hoi vn gn y. Mt khi Trng An t th, Quch Hoi n cu, th i qun khng c nhiu lng tho ca Ngy Din hn s b vy khn. Ngy Din ni, i qun ca Gia Ct Lng t T Cc ln bc s n ngay sau , nhng nu khng n c th th no? Nn nh, bt lun l T Ng hay T Cc u phi qua nh cao sn dc, ng i him tr, kh hu tht thng, hnh trnh thc kh chnh xc. ng xa tp kch, c hi kh lng. Dng binh ngn dm, cng phi thn trng. Hung chi qun lnh ca Ngy Din phi tro o li sui, gian kh mun phn, n Trng An th nh dy cung cng ht c, lm sao ch ni H Hu Mu kin tr ngi bn gc cy ch th, ly sc nhn ch sc kit? V vy, Gia Ct Lng khng dng k ca Ngy Din l ng. Theo ti, my cch ni trn u c l nhng cha c bn. C bn l g? L vn chnh tr. Chin tranh l tip ni ca chnh tr, hung chi Gia Ct Lng m u l nh chnh tr. iu tnh n u tin ca nh chnh tr khi tin hnh chin tranh l chnh tr ri mi n qun s. l iu quyt nh khin Gia Ct Lng theo Ngy Din hay khng. Vy vn chnh tr m Gia Ct Lng tnh ton l g?

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Trc ht phi lm r mt vn ln: V sao phi Bc pht. Trong Xut s biu ni r. Theo cch hiu thng thng, mc ch Bc pht l 16 ch ghi trong Xut s biu: Bc nh Trung Nguyn, tr b gian hng, phc hng Hn tht, v li c. l l tng ng n ca Gia Ct Lng. Ti ni li, chnh l tng l im Gia Ct Lng khc vi cc mu s khc v Gia Ct Lng lun ghi nh l tng . Nhng chng ta li mun hi: Gia Ct Lng c thc hin c l tng ca mnh khng? Khng. Nhiu ln Gia Ct Lng Bc pht. Tuy c ginh c mt t thng li nh ly c V , m Bnh, git cht Vng Song, Trng Cp, nhng nhn chung, l cng cc, c khng b mt, mc tiu phc hng Hn tht, v li c ngy cng xa dn. ng nhin, khng phi v Gia Ct Lng v nng, khng gng sc, m v th tt phi th. C ba im ni ci Th y. Th nht, To Ngu khng th nhanh chng dit vong. Trong con mt, ming li, lng d Lu B v Gia Ct Lng th To Ngy l Hn tc l ti nhn. V mt lp trng chnh tr cha bao gi h b qua (Tn Quyn b qua). Theo Gia Ct Lng tp, sau khi Lu B qua i, mt s ngi bn pha To Ngy, bao gm T Hoa Hm, T khng Vng Lng, Thng th lnh Trn Qun, Thi s lnh Ha Chi c th khuyn hng ti Gia Ct Lng, nhng Gia Ct Lng lun cng khai t r thi chnh ngha. Qua cu cui cng theo chnh o nh k c ti trong bi pht biu khng khi, hng hn ca Gia Ct Lng, chng ta thy r tnh cht cc cuc Bc pht. Gia Ct Lng cho rng mnh pht ng chin tranh chnh ngha. Khng c g l v cu ni ca Gia Ct Lng. Nu khng th, khng phi l Gia Ct Lng. Cu ni Theo chnh o nh k c ti c th l khu hiu chnh tr, l li ng vin binh s. Nhng thc cht ch l cu ni theo sch. Nhng nm cui thi ng Hn, thin h i lon. Lc ny, bt k l ai ng ra lo vic t nc, thng nht v mt mi, khin dn chng c an c lc nghip th l chnh ngha. Nhng sau khi t nc chia ba theo th chn vc th li khc. ng ra th c ba nh Ngy, Thc, Ng mun thng nht Trung Quc; mt khc, h u mun c b thin h. Ta khng th ni, ch c Thc Hn ng ra thng nht mi l chnh o. To Ngy thng nht l c ti. Hn na, Thc Hn t cho mnh l chnh o cn v mnh mang h Lu. Vy Lu B mang h Lu, cn Lu Biu, Lu Chng c mang h Lu khng? Kinh chu v ch chu Giang sn i ch, chng l v Lu B chnh ngha, cn Lu Biu, Lu Chng l c ti? Khng phi th ch! ng nh trong bi Nhn li Long Trung i ca ngi in D Khnh, Lu B nh vo s di tr lc d sng d cht

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Mang ng, s ngu mui, hn km ca i th nut sng cha con Lu Biu cng th lc ca Lu Chng. Lm r iu ny th liu ngi Khng Minh cn dm ln ting ni theo chnh o nh k c ti na khng? Trn thc t pha To Ngy khng h ngh th no l c ti. Nm , To Tho tuyt khng dm xng v c trong ln ngoi ang c nhiu kh khn. Khng phi v To Tho t bit Lt Hn l c ti m v nhng mu thun trong giai cp s tc. S tc xem thng To Tho k hnh dung xu x (li Trn Lm), cng khng thch cu ni c ti l dng ca To Tho. Nhng To Phi gii quyt c nhng vn ny. Da vo ch cu phm, To Phi ho gii vi s tc, giai cp s tc ng h chnh quyn To Ngy. Bn pha h, thnh mt khi on kt yn nh! Gia Ct Lng tnh ti im ny. Lc ch gii T tr thng gim, H Tam Tnh ni, mi ngi u cho rng, Gia Ct Lng v nht gan, ngi vic (Gia Ct Lng v s nn khng dng k ca Ngy Din), k thc khng phi th. Khi nh trn phi hiu r vua, tng bn i phng l ai (phm lc ng binh phi bit cha ca ch, tng ca ch). S d Gia Ct Lng khng dng k ca Ngy Din v bit Ngy ch minh lc, cn c T M , khng th xem nh. To Nguy khng d ng nghing, y l . Th hai, ch chu khng phi l ni tin th. Mi ngi u bit, Thc Hn tuy trong vng chnh, nhng thc t, ch l mt chu, chim c mt gc. Hy nh, khng phi yn c mt gc, m l chim c mt gc. Ti thy ngi in D Khnh ni chim c l tinh t v chnh xc. y cng chnh l im khc bit gia Thc Hn v chnh quyn ct c cc vng t khc trong lch s. Thc Hn l nc nh c hng tm, khng h thay i cch ngh Bc nh Trung Nguyn, v li c (t ra ca ming l vy). V th mi l chim c, khng phi l yn c. Sau khi Gia Ct Lng t th, tnh hnh thay i t nhiu. Lu Thin, Tng Uyn, Ph Y u khng cn hng th vi vic Bc pht. Tn khi Khng Duy mun dng li nghip c th chim cng khng c, m yn cng khng thnh. Cng chng cn cch no khc. Nh li lc Cng Tn Thut, xng hiu, lp quc Thnh (ng Hn Quang V , Kin V nm u n nm th XII), 12 nm bn c trn t Thc, nhiu ln vo ra Tam Hip cng cha th vt qua Kinh chu, v sau lc vo Thc, Lu Yn nh phi trnh lon th gi yn thn. Nguyn nhn v t Thc, lnh nn th c, gi thnh th c, nhng khng th tr thnh ngun mch, cn c a Bc nh Trung Nguyn. Nhn vo bn th r, pha bc ch chu c Hn Trung, pha ng c Tam Hip, Kim Cc d th, Qu Mn him tr, ng Thc li kh i, ngn ngi cng chnh l ngn mnh! V vy ngi t Thc, ng ca li, sng qua ngy th khng sao. Cn nh xng ra ngoi ly thin h th kh. Ni cch khc, Lu B vo Thc l vo rng c bo him, l vo mt ng ct.

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T y mi thy, i vi Lu B, Gia Ct Lng th ot c ch chu t tay Lu Chng va l hnh phc va l bt hnh. Hnh phc v c c mnh t yn thn, dng nc, khng cn s k th ngn cn, vy rp; bt hnh v s nghip quy hoch trong Long Trung i ti gii hn v nh im. ng nh trong Nhn thc li (Long Trung i) ca ngi in D Khnh ni: Lch s quyt nh Lu B ch l vai din chy nn v mun sng, lch s ch cho Gia Ct Lng v i chnh tr l nc nh, dn tha. ng nhin, nc nh cng phi chim c, vo Thc l ng vi iu . Nhng, Bc nh Trung Nguyn, v li c... ch c th h trng thanh th, ly cng th, khng phi l thc. S thc th nh ngi in D Khnh ni, Lu B ra Hip, ton qun b tiu dit; Gia Ct Lng Bc pht, nhiu ln khng thnh. iu khng lin can g n ti nng v t cht ca hai ngi; m l iu kin cn tr. Hoc ni nh n nh Qun Trung Nguyn c hu khng do ngi. Th ba, Gia Ct Lng khng phi l tng ti thao lc. To Ngy khng th dit vong nhanh chng v khng c thin thi; ch chu khng phi l t tin th v khng c a li. u th c c bn Thc Hn ch l Nhn ho. Nhng ng tic, ngay c u th cng khng cn my gi tr. Khng cn nghi ng g na, sau khi chp chnh, Gia Ct Lng lun ly mnh lm mu, tr nc theo php, nn nc Thc khng cn cnh hn lon nh thi cha con Lu Yn, Lu Chng. C iu, khi Bc pht ln u, vn cn th lc ca L Nghim, vn cn bt mn, khng phc Gia Ct Lng. Ch ti lc Gia Ct Lng git M Tc, ph L Nghim, v c bn, th cc mi yn tnh. Nhng vn mu thun trong ni b chnh quyn Thc Hn vn tn ti. V cng v mu thun , Thc Hn cui cng dit vong. iu th nht l nh vy. iu th hai, bn thn Gia Ct Lng cha c iu kin thng lnh ba qun ot thin h, Gia Ct Lng l nh chnh tr kit xut, nhung cha hn l nh qun s kit xut. iu ny l c nguyn o. Trn Th ni rt r, c im ca Gia Ct Lng l Tr qun l s trng, k mu l s on; lo liu vic dn hn l lo liu vic tng. Cng tc l, ti nng v chnh tr ca Gia Ct Lng hn hn ti nng v qun s. Trong ti nng qun s, gii tr qun hn l dng qun. V vy, Gia Ct Lng lo vic nc l hay nht; Gia Ct Lng tr qun cng khng c vn g. Nhng mun c k mu, xut k binh th u khng phi l im mnh ca Gia Ct Lng (tng lc ng bin, khng phi l s trng ca Gia Ct Lng). y vn l s nh gi mnh dn v y , nhng v sau hu th cn nhiu tranh ci. Phi phn i da chnh vo nhng iu ghi trong Tam quc ch - Gia Ct Lng truyn, lc T M i th st qun doanh ca Gia Ct Lng, tng tht li khm phc ng l thin h k ti. Thc tnh th T M rt tn thng ti tr qun ca Gia Ct Lng. Cn v cch dng binh ca Gia Ct Lng li c cch nh gi khc. Li bnh

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c ghi trong Tn th - Tuyn k, nguyn vn nh sau Lng ch ln nhng khng bit thi c, nhiu mu nhng t quyt, thch qun nhng khng quyn. Tm dch ra l: con ngi Gia Ct Lng, ch hng ln lao nhng khng nm bt c thi c, mu tr rt nhiu nhng thiu quyt on, thch dng binh nhng khng bit quyn bin, ni n gin l ch ln ti s, khng gii nh trn. V vy T M mi ni, ng thy Gia Ct Lng ngi ng th ln, kh th bng bng m ngi, c ch y ri s b tiu dit trong ngy mt ngy hai (c mi vn qun, nhng trng k, tt s b ph). Rt nhiu nh s hc ni ti sai lm trong cch dng binh ca Gia Ct Lng trong nhng ln Bc pht. Chng ta khng cn phi ni thm. Ba iu trn l nguyn nhn ch yu khin Gia Ct Lng Bc pht khng thnh cng. Cn nh nh l hc thi Tng tng trch c Gia Ct Lng o khng thun, l khng ht, li ni ny khng c c s, khng ng phi phn bc. Vn l, chnh Gia Ct Lng c thy c nhng iu ny khng? thy Gia Ct Lng v cng thng minh. S thc by ra trc mt, l no li khng thy! C th, ln u Bc pht, Gia Ct Lng cn tng i lc quan (nhng cng rt thn trng), nhng v sau tnh to hn. Trn thc t, lc quy hoch cho Lu B Long Trung nm , Gia Ct Lng ni rt r, Bc nh Trung Nguyn, phc hng Hn tht, mt mong thin h c bin, hai mong ra qun bng hai ng. Lc ny, thin h khng bin ng, Kinh chu mt, l no li l lc c th Bc pht dit Nguy? Ni nh th li c vn : vy th v sao Gia Ct Lng vn mt mc phi Bc pht? p n c trong Xut s biu. Xut s biu ni ngay trong phn m u: Tin sng nghip na chng khut. Thin h chia ba, ch chu khn kh, tr thnh nguy cp tn vong. l s thc. Nhng nu cho rng nguy cp tn vong v To Ngy uy hip, l mt sai lm ln. Sau trn chin Xch Bch, pha To Ngy cha h pht ng tn cng Lu B hoc Thc Hn (vi Tn Quyn c my ln). Ngc li, Lu B tn cng Hn Trung, Quan V vy Tng Phn, Khng Minh ra K Sn, my ln khiu chin. V vy, ch chu khn kh khng th ht ln u To Ngy. Pha ng Ng cng khng c uy hip. Sau lc Gia Ct Lng chp chnh, lin minh Ng Thc c khi phc, hai bn chung sng ho bnh, yn n v s. V vy, chnh do ni b, mi c s khn kh ch chu. Trn thc t, mt nguyn nhn quan trng khin Gia Ct Lng phi Bc pht l mun yn trong phi quy bn ngoi. Chin tranh l th on tt nht chuyn dch s ch , tng cng sc ngng t. Thc d dng qun l hay tr l mt t nc

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trong trng thi chin tranh. Mun trng tr hoc trn p phe phn i cng d dng hn. l mt l. Th hai, tuy l To Ngy v Tn Quyn khng trc tip uy hip, nhng Thc Hn vn l nc yu nht trong ba nc. Trong thi i c ln nut c b th k yu phi c gng ra v mnh mnh. Hu Xut s biu ni: Khng nh gic th vng nghip s mt. Ngi ch mt th chi bng c nh. C th Gia Ct Lng khng ni cu , nhng ni vy l ng (Hu Xut s biu nghi l gi). ng vy, ly yu lm mnh t bo v (Hoa Dng quc ch. Hu ch ch). Nu khng ch ng tn cng l ngi yn ch cht. Hn na trong qu trnh tn cng c th c c hi thng. V vy trong c Thng gim lun ca Vng Phu Chi ni, Gia Ct Lng Bc pht l ly cng m th. Mt mt, thng qua chin tranh bo v mnh (cng c tn ti); mt khc, thng qua chin tranh hng tm c hi (ly tin ch thi). Vng Phu Chi ni, chnh t y c th ni, Gia Ct Lng l ngi bit nhn xa trng rng (cng gii tnh ton l ch ny). Th ba, Gia Ct Lng l ngi c l tng v l tng khng bao gi thay i. i vi mt ngi c l tng th mt khi c c hi, h s ra sc thc hin l tng . Vn l ch, l tng khng i nhng tnh th bin i. V vy, mc tiu v sch lc cng phi thay i. Tc l, mt mt gi cao ngn c phc hng Hn tht, v li c, gi vng nguyn tc khng chung sng vi Hn tc, khng ngng Bc pht; mt khc, li phi tun t nhi tin, bit dng ng lc, thn trng, tng bc thn trng, khng th nh Quan V lm mt Kinh chu hay nh Lu B tht bi nng n Khiu nh. Mun yn trong phi quy ngoi, nc nh cn phi lm ra mnh, phi gi vng l tng, c ba iu ni gn li l ly cng th. Ch th l gi vng chnh quyn Thc Hn, l gi vng tp on Kinh chu v cn l gi vng o c. L no li c th ni ht mi iu phc tp vi Ngy Din? Ni sao cho r rng? Ni nh Vng Phu Chi cng c iu kh ni, khng th ni r tng vic vi Ngy Din. Gia Ct Lng bit r Ngy Din c ch ln dit To, mong mi c lp cng (sau ny chnh Ngy Din ni ta mun lnh ch qun i nh gic). Bit r mi iu th chc l Ngy Din s phi nhy ln! Hn na, Gia Ct Lng cng cn c nhng phn t chng To kin quyt nh Ngy Din. Lun c nhng ngi bit xng ln trc l iu hay trong vic thc hin k hoch ly cng th. V vy, khng cn v cng khng th ni ht mi chuyn vi Ngy Din. Ngy Din l phn t chng To kin nh nht, c cng mt l tng chnh tr nh Gia Ct Lng, vy v sao Gia Ct Lng cn phi ni nu Din khng theo

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lnh, qun c xut pht? V iu ny, ch c th suy on. Theo ti, c hai nguyn nhn: mt l ngn khng c, hai l gi Thc Hn. Chng ta u bit, Ngy Din khng ch l phn t chng To kin nh m cn l ngi t thy mnh cao siu, phi phm; c th ch c Gia Ct Lng mi gi c Ngy Din. V phn mnh, Ngy Din khu phc nhng tm khng phc Gia Ct Lng, lun ca cm sau lng. V vy, Gia Ct Lng mi ngh Ngy Din s khng theo lnh, mi on Ngy Din s tip tc Bc pht (tic rng Ngy Din khng nh vy). Ngn khng c th c cho i. V vy, Gia Ct Lng mi khng ni Nu Din khng theo lnh th git i m ni Nu Din khng theo lnh, th mc ng ta. iu quan trng lc ny, i qun phi v gp bo v Thc Hn. iu ny quan trng hn vic tiu dit To Ngy. C gi c Thc Hn, mi ni ti chuyn tiu dit To Ngy. Tic thay vic khng do ngi. Gia Ct Lng mt c 30 nm th Thc Hn cng mt nt. V sao Thc Hn dit vong? Tp th bn mi hai: BT LC, V TRI Cng nguyn nm 263, vua ti Lu Thin khng nh m hng. y l cu cui cng khng c li gii trong lch s Thc Hn. Quang Lc i phu Tiu Chu, c chc khng quyn, l ngi c tc dng quan trng lc . V sao Tiu Chu ra sc ch trng u hng To Ngy? V sao Lu Thin phi nghe li ng ta? V sao triu nh Thc Hn cn t ngi mun chng li, nhiu ngi mt ht ch? ng sau vic Thc Hn nhanh chng dit vong c nguyn nhn chnh tr, bi cnh chnh tr no khng? y chng ta ni v s dit vong ca Thc Hn. Thc Hn l nc u tin dit vong trong ba nc, nhiu nh s hc cm thy kh ngh. Th nht, cc s gia lun thy rng, Thc Hn l nc c s tr l tt nht, v sao li dit vong sm nht? Th hai, t Thc vng chc v him tr (li ng Chi trong Tam quc ch - ng Chi truyn) khng nh c ngi khc, chng nh li khng gi c? Th ba, t lc To Ngy ra qun n lc Lu Thin u hng, vn vn c hai thng, v sao Thc Hn mt nc nhanh nh vy? Mi ngi ly lm kh hiu. C iu, kh vn ch l kh, suy ngh vn ch l suy ngh. Kt lun c c gm bn iu, Lu Thin hn dung, Hong Ho lng quyn, Trn Chi lon chnh, Tiu Chu ly nc. Tt c u c chng c. Chng ta u bit, thng tm nin hiu Cnh Nguyn th IV (Cng nguyn nm 263, na nm u l Thc Hn Cnh Diu nm th VI, na nm sau l Thc Hn Vim Hng nm u), qun Ngy xut pht t Lc Dng, quyt nh nh Thc vo thng nm. Theo Tam quc ch - Khng Duy truyn, sau khi bit tin, Khng Duy dng biu ln Lu Thin, xut bin php b phng (nm th VI, Duy dng biu ln Hu ch), mong Lu Thin nhanh chng phi Trng Dc v Liu

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Ho ra gi ca Dng An v u cu m Bnh phng trc. No ng lc ny Lu Thin ch nghe Hong Ho. Hong Ho li tin li thy mo. Thy mo cho hay qun th s khng ti. Hong Ho tin theo v Lu Thin hu t cng vn , kt qu l vn v c triu khng hay bit i ho sp ti gn (qun thn khng bit). Th l Lu Thin hn dung, Hong Ho lng quyn! Hong Ho l ai vy? L hon quan Lu Thin tin tng. Mi ngi u bit, mt trong nhng nguyn nhn khin ng Hn dit vong l hon quan can d triu chnh. Mt bi hc khng d g qun c. V vy, lc sinh thi Gia Ct Lng lun ng Don, con ca ng Ho, l Tng qun i ni (lo vic trong cung). Theo Tam quc ch - ng Don truyn, Gia Ct Lng c ng Don l Th trung, H bn Trung lang tng, thng soi Tc v thn binh v trong Xut s biu cn dn d Lu Thin Thin lu tm nghe r mi vic ln b trong cung. ng Don khng ph s k vng , trng nom Lu Thin, Hong Ho cht ch (trn th gip vua ng ng, di th qu trch Hong Ho). Kt qu, lc cn ng Don, Lu Thin v Hong Ho u khng dm ba bi. Vo nm Din Hi th IX (Cng nguyn nm 246), ng Don qua i, tnh hnh lin bin i. Trn Chi l Th trung thay th ng Don, cng Hong Ho trong ngoi n cnh, gian di xo tr. Trn Chi trn tha ch vua, di c bn hon quan gip sc, t , Hong Ho bt u tham chnh, thao tng quyn uy. Hai ngi cng bi xch Khng Duy. Khng Duy lo s khng dm tr v Thnh , m trn p Trung theo ngh cy cy (ngi ni l Cam Tc ngy nay, ngi ni l Thanh Hi). Mt t nc ra nng ni , l no li khng mt? V vy, ngoi vic Lu Thin hn dung, Hong Ho lng quyn khin Thc Hn dit vong cn mt iu na l: Trn Chi lon chnh. Tt c u c l, nhng cng cha phi hon ton nh vy. Th nht, theo Hoa Dng quc ch, Tam quc ch - Gia Ct Lng truyn v ch dn D ng tp k Tn Thnh ca Bi Tng Chi trong Lng truyn, by gi khng ch c Hong Ho ch trng triu Khng Duy v ot ly binh quyn, cn c Gia Ct Chim v ng Quyt. Gia Ct Chim l con trai Gia Ct Lng, anh dng hi sinh trong cuc chin tranh ; ng Quyt c Gia Ct Lng coi l lng s, ng nhin cng khng phi l tiu nhn g. Nhng h u ch trng trit tiu chc v i tng qun ca Khng Duy, u nhn nhng vi Hong Ho (ng Quyt cn theo Lu Thin u hng To Ngy). V vy, khng th bn v o c, cng khng th mi chuyn ln u Hong Ho. Th hai, tuy Hong Ho lm nh vic, nhng khng h can d vo vic qun ca Khng Duy tin phng, vic nh trn l do Khng Duy. Lc ch thch T tr thng gim, H Tam Tnh cho rng, Khng Duy c trch nhim trong vic Thc Hn dit vong. ng nhin, c th bn lun thm, nhng t ra cng thy vn tng

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i phc tp. Th ba, Hong Ho ch lm nh vic, khng h ly nc, v Hong Ho khng ch trng u hng. Ch trng u hng l Tiu Chu. V vy, nhiu ngi cho rng, mt nguyn nhn khin Thc Hn dit vong l do Tiu Chu lm l vic nc. C ng l Tiu Chu lm l vic nc khng? C l phi nhc li tnh hnh lc . Phn trc ni, thng tm nin hiu Cnh Nguyn nm th IV (Cng nguyn nm 263), qun Ngy xut pht t Lc Dng. Khong thng mi, qun ng Ngi xut pht t m Bnh (nay l huyn Vn, Cam Tc) qua Giang Do (nay l V Bnh, T Xuyn), Cm Trc (nay l th trn c Dng, T Xuyn), nh thng ti huyn Lc (nay l th trn Qung Hn, T Xuyn). Ton qun n cng ln ca Thnh . Theo Tam quc ch - Tiu Chu truyn. Lc ny qun thn Thc Hn b Hong Ho di tr, cho rng qun Ngy khng n c ngay (ch khng n c), khng chun b g (khng c k hoch gi thnh). No ng qun ca ng Ngi n ngay trc mt, ai ny cung qut, c dn trong thnh kinh hong tht sc, tn lon khp ni, khng sao cn ni (trm h nhiu lon, khp ng, khp ni, khng cm on ni). Lu Thin m hi qun thn, tt c khng c k sch. Mt phe ch trng chy sang Ng, v ng Ng l lin minh bng hu (Thc v Ng, hai nc ho ho), c th h thu nhn mnh; mt phe ch trng chy v nam, v by qun pha nam, a th, d dng gi yn, hoc c th trnh i mt thi. Cui cng, nn chy sang Ng hay chy v nam, c triu bn lun si ni, nhng khng thng nht c. Lc ny, Tiu Chu ln ting. Tiu Chu khng ng chy sang Ng cng khng ch trng chy v nam. V sao khng nn chy sang Ng? Tiu Chu ni, t xa khng c chuyn sang nc khc, n vi mt hong khc, gi mnh di trng h, cn c th lm thin t ? (thin t khng gi thn nc khc). V vy, hong thng ca chng ta sang bn Ng, ch c th xng thn (nu sang Ng ch l thn phc). xng thn, sao li khng chn nc ln m chn nc nh (l xng thn nh, to sao c?). V quy lut u tranh chnh tr, xa nay vn l nc ln nut nc b (chnh l l th, ln nut b, t nhin l vy). Ri s thy, nc Ngy c th nut nc Ng, nc Ng khng th nut nc Ngy, l iu chc chn (Ngy c th nut Ng, Ng khng th nut Ngy, r l vy). Ti lc , chng ta s phi hng ln na chng? Nu ni u hng l nhc, vy, chu nhc hai ln, so vi mt ln, ci no nhc hn (nhc mt ln na sao bng nhc mt ln)? V vy, khng th chy sang Ng. Cn nh chy v nam, Tiu Chu ni, khng th ni l khng c, nhng cn phi chun b (k hoch t trc, sau mi thc hin). Lc ny, qun ch s nhanh chng n di thnh (i ch gn k), ha ln s lp tc ri xung u chng ta

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(ho bi n gn). S binh s t i kia, s quan dn nh nhoi kia, khng cn ai c th tin tng c (liu cn tin c s ngi t i kia, d ch l mt). Ch s chng ta ra ti ca chng ra tay (e chng s ra tay, bin i khn lng), lm g cn xung c min Nam (liu c xung nam c khng)? Qun thn Lu Thin khng mt ai phn i m l lun trn ca Tiu Chu. C bit c ngi ln ting hi, lc ny ng Ngi sp ti Thnh , e s khng cho chng ta hng, lm g by gi (e khng nhn hng, lm sao y)? Tiu Chu ni, lc ny ng Ng cha thun phc, nht nh ng Ngi s nhn hng, khng th khng nhn. Sau khi nhn hng, khng th khng gp chng ta. Nu nc Ngy khng phong t, tc v cho b h, Tiu Chu ny s n kinh s tranh u theo l theo l (Chu t n kinh , tranh u theo c ngha). Kt qu, qun thn Lu Thin u phi yn lng (mi ngi khng thay i c ca Chu). Lu Thin vn cn do d, c mun chy v nam. Th l Tiu Chu li c s ln Lu Thin ni, ng bao gi n min Nam. Cc dn tc thiu s vn khng phc (cn th hn na), thy ta cng qun tt s lm phn. Lu Thin khng ngh ngi g na. khng th chy sang Ng, cng khng th chy v nam, cch duy nht l u hng. R rng, Tiu Chu can h ln n vic Lu Thin u hng. Cn c th ni, Tiu Chu khuyn Lu Thin u hng. Nh li Trn Th, c nh Lu Thin bnh an v s (Lu th ht s), trm h Thc Hn khi cnh chin lon (c nc yn n), u do mu k ca Tiu Chu (do k ca Chu). Trn y l cch ni cng khai chnh din. L thn t ca Ty Tn v l hc tr ca Tiu Chu, Trn Th ch ni c nh vy. Nhng nhng ngi khc vi lp trng li ni Tiu Chu l tn gic u tr bn nc. V vy, h ln ting x v Tiu Chu l ly nc, l v s, l tiu nhn ti tin. Nhng li x v cn lu li trong lch s, mi mi vng vng bn tai. Tiu Chu i i l cy ct s nhc trong lch s. C l cng nn bn bc thm. Th nht, lc triu nh ang bn xem chnh quyn Thc Hn nn i u, lm g, qun thn Lu Thin mt ht ch chin u. Ci khc gia h v Tiu Chu l, mi ngi ch trng chy, Tiu Chu ch trng hng. Thm ch mi ngi cng khng phn i hng, ngi l hng khng c (s khng nhn hng th lm sao). Sau , Tiu Chu v ngc m bo, mi ngi khng bit ni g thm. R rng, nu khng c Tiu Chu th e h cng s hng. Th hai, li ni ca Tiu Chu tuy l l lun u hng, nhng khng th coi l l lun bn nc. V d c l l lun bn nc th cng khng th coi l mt phi ni nng lung tung. Trn thc t, Tiu Chu ni nhiu cu rt c l, nh tm t ca s ngi t i , khng tin c, min Nam vn l ngi c hi cho nc, tt li phn lon. u l s thc. Th ba, c coi Tiu Chu l bn nc nhng chc g l tiu nhn. V lc , trn ba nc cn l thin h. Cui cng th thin h l quy v mt mi. Trong qu

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trnh thng nht thin h, ngi u hng l no l thiu s, bao hm c ng Quyt, ngi c Gia Ct Lng coi l lng s. Nu u b coi l gic bn nc th e din kch s qu rng? Thc t th Tiu Chu cng khng phi l tiu nhn g. T Tam quc ch - Tiu Chu truyn, chng ta bit, Tiu Chu m ci, sng cng m v anh trai, lc trng thnh say m sch c, chuyn tm hc hnh (tm hc sch c), cui cng tr nn v cng uyn thm, Tam quc ch - Qunh truyn gi Tiu Chu l thng Nho. ng nhin, hc vn tt khng c ngha l nhn phm tt. Chng ta tng thy v khi ngi hc vn rt tt nhng nhn phm li rt km. Nhng Tiu Chu th khng th. Tiu Chu khng ch khng c g gi l bt lng, ngc li c nhiu im ng ca ngi. V nh gia cnh c phn ngho kh, nhng khng h nh hng ti lng say m hc thut, trong truyn ni l nh ngho, khng mng ti sn nghip, mi c in tch, ci vui mt mnh, qun lc nng lnh. Mt ngi an bn lc o nh vy, ging tiu nhn chng? Li nh ni, con ngi Tiu Chu trng khng c dng, ni nng c thng tut (th mo bnh thng, ni thc khng mu m). V vy, ln u gp Gia Ct Lng, mi ngi u ci Tiu Chu. Li ch dn Thc k ca Bi Tng Chi ni, quan chp php lc , yu cu x l s ngi ci Tiu Chu. Gia Ct Lng ni, thi thi, ta cng khng nhn c hung h ngi khc (ta cng khng nhn c, trch g t, hu)! Nhng, lc Gia Ct Lng bnh v qua i th Tiu Chu l ngi u tin chy ra tin tuyn lo vic tang l. iu ny, ging tiu nhn chng? Li nh, sau khi Gia Ct Lng qua i, Lu Thin thng ra ngao du ngm cnh, cn tng thm ngi trong ban ht cung nh. Lc , l quan ch thi t, Tiu Chu dng s can gin, mong Lu Thin trn theo nhng vic lm ca tin , di lm gng tit kim cho con chu. Li ging nh tiu nhn chng? khng phi l tiu nhn th sao c th bo Tiu Chu l k bn nc? Ch c th gii thch l, Tiu Chu cho rng nc ny ng bn ri. Hoc ni, Tiu Chu cho rng Thc Hn nn mt t lu v mong cho Thc Hn dit vong. V sao Thc Hn nn mt? V thin h cn phi thng nht, tt s thng nht. Cng theo Tiu Chu, ngi c th thng nht c thin h l To Ngy, khng phi Thc Hn m l To Ngy. To Ngy thay Hn quy v mt mi theo mnh tri. C cn c g ni nh vy? C. Cn c c trong Qunh truyn ca Tam quc ch. Qunh hc vn uyn bc, l tin bi ca Tiu Chu, Tiu Chu thng n hc hi. Mt ln, Tiu Chu n hi cu Thay nh Hn y l ch cao gia ng, Thay nh Hn y l ch cao gia ng l cu ca dao chnh tr cui thi ng Hn. C ni, i Hn ri phi thay, nht nh l i l thnh thang, cao ro v hng v. Cu ni nhanh chng lan truyn v c Vin Thut li dng. V Vin Thut t l Cng l. Di con mt Vin Thut th cng l l ch cao gia ng. Nhng Vin Thut

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khng lm nn chuyn. V vy phi gii thch li, mi m hn, th no l ch cao gia ng. Gii hc thut ch chu gii thch, ch cao gia ng tc l Ngy. Chu Th, ngi hc vn uyn bc ch chu, t lu c li gii thch mi m nh vy. Cu ni lu truyn ra khp t Thc. Tam quc ch - Chu Qun truyn ni: bn hc gi hng ng t truyn li . Nhng Chu Th ch ni: cao gia ng tc l Ngy, khng gii thch v sao l Ngy. Tiu Chu n hi Qunh. Qunh ni, ngha khng h n gin? Ngy l tn ca Khuyt (tn Ngy l khuyt)! Cn phi gii thch thm, ngoi ca cung hai bn ng cc ch hu, thin t xa thng c kin trc cao to, gi l khuyt hay l quan. V c hnh khi cao to, khi v, nguy nga s nn gi l ngy hay ngy khuyt. Hai bn ngy khuyt l ni treo chnh lnh, nn cn gi l tng ngy. V vy ngy khuyt hay tng ngy cn l tn gi thay ch triu nh. Nh thin nhng vua trong Trang T ni ti nhng ngi sng trong dn gian nhng khng h qun triu nh, thn ti giang hi, lng vn ngy khuyt. Ngy khuyt hoc tng ngy l ng chnh, cao to v khi v, l no li khng phi l ch cao gi ng? Qunh gii thch cho Tiu Chu l vy (ngy tn l khuyt, nh vy l ch cao gia ng). Qunh ni thm, l cch ni n d ca cc bc tin hin (thnh nhn ni i th l vy)! Nghe Qunh ni xong, Tiu Chu cn do d nhiu. Qunh li hi, vn cn iu g l lng chng? Tiu Chu ni, hc tr vn cha tht hiu. Qunh ni, cn g cha r! Ngh xem, quan ph, quan vin thi c u gi l To phi khng? Sau thi Hn th sao? u gi l To. Cn phi gii thch thm, theo ch thi Hn, ch ca hong gi l cung, thuc quyn l thng (nh thng th); ni t tng gi l ph, thuc quyn l To (nh ng To, ty to). c gi l hong cung tng ph, cung thng ph to. Ph tc l chnh ph. Ni chnh ph lm vic gi l to, trng quan ca to gi l to duyn, li vin l thuc to, qun cn v l th to. Nh li Qunh th tn quan u l to, li l thuc to, tt l th to. Ch to y ng nhin khng phi l to trong To Tho. Nhng sao li c iu trng hp nh vy? Qunh bo l tri ( tri vy)! Theo Qunh th, thuc to, th to u thuc To th, phi hu h To th. Va l thuc to, th to, va l ch cao gia ng. Tiu Chu lin hiu l: Tri xanh mun To Ngy phi thng nht thin h! Th ri Tiu Chu bt u lan truyn nhng cu ni i loi nh vy, cn a c tn cha con Lu B vo truyn. Tiu Chu ni, Tin ca chng ta gi l g? L B. B c g? L sn sng. Ni r hn, l y ri. Nay thnh thng tn l g? Thin. Thin c g? L thin nhng. Ni r hn, tc l nhng i thi! iu sau y mi ng ni, mt nm trc lc nc Thc dit vong, nin hiu Cnh Diu th V (Cng nguyn nm 262), cy i th trc cung Lu Thin v c b gy, Tiu Chu lin vit biu ng phn ng ln ct, ni l chng to ln, hn ti,

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th nhng, cn g na. Cu ni trc Trn Th gii thch, chng l To, v To c l qun. ngha ca chng ni trong Qung vn, ho vn l: To, chng cng l qun vy. Ln tc l nguy, bi v ngy ging nh nguy (trong nguy nga), u c ngha l to ln. tc l sn sng, c b, cng tc l Lu B. Nhng, tc l thin nhng, cng tc l Lu Thin. V vy, chng to ln, hn ti, tc l ni, To Ngy hi To Nguy, ng c li to ln, thin h mong mun c t tp v . Cn th nhng, cn g na, tc l ni, Thc Hn i Thc Hn ri th chun b nhng i, lm g cn c ngi sau ny? l suy ngh v li ni ca Tiu Chu, cng l nguyn nhn sau ny Tiu Chu bn nc Thc ch trng u hng. R rng, Tiu Chu bn nc khng phi l vn phm cht o c, l vn lp trng chnh tr. Ni r ra, Tiu Chu mun ng h To Ngy, phn i Thc Hn. Khng nghi ng g, Chu Th cng vy, Qunh cng vy, k c Tiu Chu, u ph ho theo th ni mnh ot l, gi thn gi qu. Nhng, th nht, thi ang hng chuyn ny; th hai, ngi ngi u thch chuyn ny. Tam quc ch - Qunh truyn ni, sau lc Thc Hn dit vong, mi ngi u ni Tiu Chu suy on rt chun (li Chu thc nghim). K thc c g l chun, ch l s ngi u mong To Ngy thng li, Thc Hn dit vong. Vy, Thc Hn mang ti g vi h? C ti bn im. Th nht, chia li khng u. Nu bit nhng ngi phn i Thc Hn l ai th d dng hiu c iu ny. Chu Th ngi Lng Trung, Ba Ty; Qunh ngi Thnh , Thc qun; Tiu Chu ngi Ty Sung, Ba Ty, nhng ngi loan tin phn ng. Ngoi ra cn c Bnh Dng tng tnh chuyn sai tri, b Gia Ct Lng git; Trng D ngi Thc qun, tng khng nh tng ng Hn cht, Lu B mt Kinh chu, v sau b Lu B git; Vi ngi Ph huyn, T ng, thi k Lu B gi cm gi ic ng ca khng ra ngoi, kh khn lm Gia Ct Lng mi mi xung ni, nhng sau li co bnh c xin v. Rt r rng, u l nhng ngi ch chu. Li xem nhng ngi c Lu B, Gia Ct Lng tn nhim v trng dng, ngoi Quan V, Trng Phi, M Siu, Hong Trung, Triu Vn cn c Bng Thng ngi Tng Dng, Kinh chu; Php Chnh ngi huyn Mi, Ph Phong; Ha Tnh ngi Bnh Hng, Nh Nam; Mi Trc ngi huyn C, ng Hi; ng Ho ngi Chi Giang, Nam qun; Ngy Din ngi Ngha Dng, Kinh chu; Dng Nghi ngi Tng Dng, Kinh chu; M Tc ngi Nghi Thnh, Tng Dng; Tng Uyn ngi Tng Hng, Linh Lng; Ph Y ngi huyn Minh, Giang H; Khng Duy ngi huyn K, Thin Thu. Trong s ny c ngi thuc tp on Kinh chu, c

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ngi thuc tp on ng chu, u khng phi l ngi ca ch chu. ng nhin cng c ngi ch chu c tn nhim, nh l Ph Thi ngi Nam An, Kin Vi; Hong Quyn ngi Lng Trung, Ba Ty; Vng Bnh ngi ng C, Ba Ty. C iu, h c tn nhim nhng b nh gi thp hoc trc khng c tn nhim (nh Vng Bnh) hoc li mt tn nhim (nh Hong Quyn) hoc gia chng c vn (nh Ph Thi). Bnh tnh m xt, khng phi Gia Ct Lng khng thy vn hoc khng lm g c. Chnh Gia Ct Lng ct nhc Dng Hng ngi V Dng, Kin Vi. Theo Tam quc ch - Dng Hng truyn, by gi L Nghim l thi th Kin Vi, Dng Hng l thuc h lm cng to (bin s vin). V phn i qun chnh quyn dn nh nn Dng Hng chia tay vi L Nghim, n Thnh v c Gia Ct Lng pht hin l nhn ti. Kt qu, L Nghim vn Kin Vi, Dng Hng l thi th Thc qun (Nghim cha i khi Kin Vi, Hng ln Thc qun). Dng Hng ct nhc mn h l H Chi (nhn vin sao chp vn th), sau my nm ngi ny l Qung Hn thi th, lc ny Dng Hng vn l thi th Thc qun (Hng vn Thc qun). V vy, nhn s ch chu lc phc Gia Ct Lng bit tn dng ti nng ca tng ngi. Ngoi ra cn mt s nhn s ch chu cng c Gia Ct Lng tn nhim, trng dng, v h cng ht sc knh trng phc ti Gia Ct Lng, nh Trng Du ngi Thnh , Thc qun... C iu, nhng c gng vn cha gii quyt vn mt cch c bn, v cng cha thay i ng li t chc nh sn ca Lu B (Kinh chu s mt, ng chu s hai, ch chu s ba), cng khng th xo b c s ghen t ca tp on ch chu. H tnh s rt r rng: qu trng d c to n my m nhiu ngi n, th n ming cng khng c bao nhiu, hung h phn li li khng u! Di thi Lu Chng, h l thn dn loi hai. Lu B va n, h bin thnh loi ba, bng lng sao c? Chi bng c To Ngy thng tr. Vy th To Ngy n v tp on ch chu khng th bin thnh thn dn loi bn? Khng th. V To Ngy mun ot thin h, khng phi chim ch chu lm vua. Hn na, sau khi thay th, To Phi thc hin ch cu phm trung chnh, tc l danh lu cc ni t m nhim quan trung chnh ca qun, ph trch tin c cc nhn s ti ch. S tc ch chu c li. Qu nhin, sau khi dit Thc, T M Chiu v tp on ng chu v Trung Nguyn, thc hin ngi Thc tr Thc. Lc ny tp on ch chu mi cm thy h phn i Thc Hn l rt ng. Th hai, Tr Thc qu nghim. Mi ngi u bit, Gia Ct Lng chp chnh, thc hin tr nc theo php, hnh lnh nghim chnh, chp php nh sn. Lm th l ng, nhng khng trnh khi c mt s ngi bt mn. Theo ch dn Thc k ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Gia Ct Lng truyn c cu: Lng hnh php gay

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gt, h khc vi bch tnh, t qun t n tiu nhn mang bng on thn. Rt nhiu ngi khng tn thnh cch ni ny. V mt l, Bi Tng Chi cho rng s liu ny l khng thc, cch ni ca Bi Tng Chi l cha nghe ni thin chnh li khc nghit. Hai l, Trn Th ni khc, trong li bnh Tam quc ch - Gia Ct Lng truyn, ng ni: Hnh chnh tuy nghim nhng khng ngi on, r rng l mu thun. Trong tnh trng , chng ta tin chnh s, khng tin d s, tc l ngi Thc khng on. Theo ti, hai cch ni trn khng mu thun. V Gia Ct Lng tr Thc tuy nghim, nhng c bn ca nghim l cng bng (ng nhin, cng c lc cha cng bng, nh git nhm Thng Phng, ho tc ch chu. (Bi Tng Chi cho l git nhm ngi v ti). Gia Ct Lng cng bng nn c lng dn. Trn Th gii thch v iu ny ni, v sao Gia Ct Lng Hnh chnh tuy nghim nhng khng c ngi on than? Bi v Gia Ct Lng dng tm bnh, khuyn gii minh. Bnh, tc l cng chnh; minh, tc l cng khai. cng chnh li cng khai, tc l cng bng. C iu, cng bng khng c ngha l khng nghim (thc t th Trn Th cng tha nhn l nghim). V vy, dn chng khng on v khng cng b ng nhng vn on v qu nghim (t qun t n tiu nhn u mang lng on than). Cng v vy mi thy cch ni trong Tam quc ch trong Thc k l ng. Th ba l chin s qu nhiu. Gia Ct Lng my ln ra K Sn, Khng Duy chn ln nh Trung Nguyn, u l nhng vic tp on ch chu phn i, Tiu Chu pht biu Th quc lun. y Tiu Chu ch r, lc ny khng phi l cui triu Tn (khng phi lc hn lon nh cui Tn) m l thi u ca Chin Quc (su nc cng chung sng). V vy, chng ta khng th l Hn Cao T, nhiu lm cng ch l Chu Vn vng (c l Vn vng, kh l Hn t). Nu khng thc thi th, c lo cng binh c v (ly v tham chin), th tt s v (nh t l), thn tin cng khng th cu kp (ngi c tr cng nh b tay)! y l bn tuyn ngn phn chin u tin. Tiu Chu i din tp on ch chu biu l bt mn mnh m i vi Gia Ct Lng, Khng Duy khng t lng sc, gy chin lin min v cng l li phn i cng khai ca tp on ch chu vi nh ng cc Thc Hn. Thc k l, Tiu Chu khng nhng khng b x l, m v sau quan ti nht phm, tr thnh Quang Lc i phu, chc di Cu Khanh. T y cho hay, lun iu ca Tiu Chu c t sng, nhiu ngi trong triu cng ngm ngm tn thng. Th t, dn chng kh i. ng nh li trong Tam quc ch - Tiu Chu truyn, qun ra my ln, kt qu tt nhin l trm h tiu tu, v chin tranh cn chi rt nhiu tin. Tin khng xung t tri m ra t t, l m hi, nc mt ca trm h. Theo ch dn Thc k ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Hu ch truyn, lc Lu Thin u hng, dn Thc c 28 vn h, gn 94 vn nhn khu, c 10 vn 2 ngn qun,

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4 vn vin quan. Nh vy, bnh qun c 9 ngi dn phi nui mt binh s, c 7 h phi cung phng mt vin quan. iu thc qu nng i vi dn Thc! ng nhin, do Gia Ct Lng lun l mu mc, nn quan vin Thc Hn ni chung l lim khit. Nu khng th chnh quyn t lu ri. Nhng, phi nh rng, iu m ngi dn quan tm l no bng. Xem ra, nh ng cc Thc Hn khng lm c iu ny. Theo ch dn Hn Tn Xun Thu ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch Tit Tng truyn, Tit Ha sang s nc Thc thi , tr v ni vi Tn Quyn, xem ra nc Thc s chng cn c bao lu na. L v sao? Trong triu khng cn nghe li ni thng (vo triu khng nghe chnh ngn), ra ng khng thy sc mt kho mnh (dn ngoi ng sc mt xanh nh tu l). ng, mt t nc nh vy, l no li khng mt? D Gia Ct Lng c sng li cng phi b tay! V vy khi ng Ngi v Chung Hi va xut qun c ngi tn l Trng on chc rng Thc Hn s dit vong. L do mt l, ng cc cng binh tham v (tham v vn gic), dn chng th kh s v cng (dn cng qun kit). Trong li ch dn Tng Dng k ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Tn Ho truyn v trong T tr thng gim c ghi li ni ca Trng . Trng v Tit Ha u l ngi Ng, h on Thc Hn s mt, qu nhin l mt. Vy, ng Ng ca h s th no? Tp th bn mi ba: MY GI GP NHAU Ging nh Lu B sng lp nn Thc Hn, cha con Tn Kin, Tn Sch dng nn mt chnh quyn ngoi li, cn cha vng trn t Giang ng. Lc trong ngoi cn phc tp, nguy c bn pha, Tn Quyn phi thay th cm quyn khi mi mi tm tui. Tn Quyn khng ch ng vng bng i chn ca mnh, cn pht trin b nghip ca cha, anh thnh nghip, cng To Ngy, Thc Hn thnh th chn vc. Vy Tn Quyn vt qua kh khn nh th no, thnh cng ra sao y? Chng ta hy quay li nhn v pha ng Ng. Tn Quyn l ch ng Ng, con ng ca Tn Quyn khng h bng phng. Chng ta u bit, vo nm Kin An th V (Cng nguyn nm 200), Tn Quyn tip nhn quyn lc v c nghip ca cha, anh. Theo T tr thng gim kho d c th l vo ngy mng bn thng t. Lc ny Tn Quyn mi mi tm tui, theo l i m tui hai mi cn v thnh nin. Con ngi v thnh nin c nhiu nt c bit, t nh theo anh c Tn Sch Nam chinh Bc chin, mi lm tui l huyn trng huyn Dng Tin (nay l Nghi Hng, Giang T). Theo bin ch quan chc thi Hn, huyn c nhn khu trn vn h th trng quan l huyn lnh huyn cha vn h th trng quan gi l huyn trng. Dng Tin tuy l huyn nh, nhng huyn trng li l trng quan. C iu, Tn Quyn mi mi lm tui lm huyn trng,

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r rng pha sau c Tn Sch, mt ch da vng chc. Lc ny Tn Sch mt, nh tri long t l. Mi mi tm tui, Tn Quyn phi nhn mt gnh nng, thc khng d dng cht no. C ngi ni, Tn Sch ln ngi thay cha lc mi by, mi tm tui (cha r Tn Kin mt vo nm no, xem T Tr thng gim kho d). Tn Sch c th thay th, sao Tn Quyn li khng? L l tht n gin. Sau lc Tn Kin t th, qun i vo tay Vin Thut, Tn Sch khng cn g. Tn Quyn tip nhn mt chnh quyn ct c mt vng c quy m. Tn Sch tay trng dng nghip, gnh nng tm l nh hn. Tn Quyn tip tc pht trin, gnh nng tm l c phn ln hn. Cha ni ti ci khc, ch ring vic c iu khin c cc cu thn lo tng ca Tn Sch hay khng, thnh mt vn . Tnh hnh lc Tn Quyn thay th cng khng tt. cui thin Tam quc ch Tn Sch truyn, c my li ca Tn Thnh, miu t chnh xc chnh quyn lc Tn Quyn tip nhn, nghip khng c tch c c bn, bang khng c c s vng chc. C chng c v my iu . Tam quc ch - Ng ch truyn, ni rt r, lc by gi tp on Tn th ch khng ch c nm qun Giang ng: Ci K, Ng qun, an Dng, D Chng, L Lng v ngay c nhng vng ny, s sn tc lnh mnh ni thm sn cng cc vn cha thn phc (my ni him su cha thn phc ht); s i tc th gia ri rc khp ni (anh ho thin h ti cc chu, qun) cng cc nhn s t phng bc n lnh nn, ch lo ti vic an nguy ca mnh (cc nhn s nh vy ch lo vic an nguy) u cha coi anh em Ng th l vua cha ca mnh (cha c quan h qun thn bn cht). Li ch dn Ng th ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Trng Chiu truyn cng ni, Tn Sch va t th (mt khi nghing ng), vng Giang ng c c tan v (s dn khn n, mi ngi mt ). Theo ch dn Giang biu truyn ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Ng ch truyn, L Thut thi th L Giang khi cn lm phn. Sau khi Tn Sch qua i, L Thut khng nhng khng thn phc Tn Quyn (sau khi Sch mt, Thut khng lm vic vi Quyn), cn chiu hng np phn, lun cha chp nhng k mun phn li Tn Quyn (nhn l mun phn). Nh vy, chng phi l bang c s khng vng sao? By gi, Tn Quyn mi mi tm tui, khc g ang ngi trong cho nng. V sao s th li nh vy? V sao Tn Sch va mt, vng Giang ng s dn khn n, mi ngi mt ? Ng th ni, chnh quyn Tn Sch xy dng cn mi (ngy cha nhiu), n hu ti ri cha su, khp (n trch cha khp). Cha nn tin vo my li . Tc gi Ng th l Vi Diu, thi s lnh nc Ng ng nhin l phi che y cho Tn Sch. Nguyn nhn c bn l bang khng c c s vng chc nghip khng c tch c c bn. V sao vy? Bi v ci m Tn Sch xy dng cng ging nh Thc Hn do Lu B sng lp, u l chnh quyn xy dng bng v lc, bao gm nhiu ngi t ngoi n. C ngi ni, Tn th vn l ngi Ng, ngi Ng xy dng chnh quyn Ng, ng nhin l chnh quyn ngi Ng. Li ni nh ng m sai,

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thc ra khng phi th. Th nht, Tn gia tuy l ngi Ng nhng khng phi l s tc, l hn tc. Ni nh Trn Th l c vi pht tch. Th hai, ni Tn Kin pht tch khng phi l Giang ng (Giang Nam ngy nay), qun ch lc cng khng phi con em Giang ng, u l tinh binh Hoi, T chiu m thnh. Th ba, Tn Kin l b h ca Vin Thut v Vin Thut c c danh l nghch thn, th lc li Giang Ty (nay l Giang Bc). Vin Thut l ngi Giang Ty, Tn Kin l b h ca Vin Thut ng nhin cng l ngi Giang Ty. S tc Giang ng khng tha nhn Vin Thut - gic ln ca t nc, ngi Giang Ty Dng chu, th ng nhin cng khng tha nhn Tn Sch l ngi ca mnh. V vy, khi Tn Sch a tn qun ca Tn Kin sang sng, ngi Giang ng khng tha nhn h v nh m ni Tn Sch thm nhp. ng nh li ngi in D Khnh ni trong Con ng dng nc ca Tn Ng, khp Giang ng, u u Tn Sch cng nghe nhng li c . Khng c hoan nghnh th Tn Sch rn e bng cht chc. Theo ch dn Ph t ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Ng ch truyn ni, Tn Sch git cc danh ho, uy ti nc lng ging; ch dn Ci K in lc ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tn Thiu truyn ni, Tn Sch bnh nh Ng Ci, git cc anh ho (Ng Ci tc l Ng qun, Ci K qun), Quch gia truyn ni, Tn Sch git cc anh hng ho kit, c ngi khc liu mng cho mnh, c th thy ngi b git l loi ngi no. iu ny khin c Giang ng chn ng, cc nc lng ging phn n v cng l c sau ny To Tho nh Tn Quyn. Git ngi th phi n mng, c p bc th c phn khng. Lc Tn Sch cn sng, ngi ngi s uy, dm gin m khng dm ni. Mt khi Tn Sch mt, ngi ngi li khng vng dy sao? R rng, vn Tn Quyn gp lc ny u phi Tn Sch n ri cha khp? R rng l tch on qu nhiu, thm ch dn on nh sng cn. Tn Sch c tnh ton v im ny. V vy, Tn Sch khng chn Tn Dc ngi c tc phong, tnh cch ging mnh, m chn Tn Quyn - ngi c th dng ngi hin ti, ht lng ht sc, gn gi Giang ng. Tn Sch hiu r, chnh quyn thnh lp nh v lc v git chc l nghip khng c c bn vng. Sinh ra nhiu phi phn i nh vy l bang khng c c s vng chc. V vy, d chn Tn Quyn nhng Tn Sch vn cha yn tm, nn trc lc lm chung gi con cho Trng Chiu. Theo ch dn Ng lch ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Trng Chiu truyn, lc Tn Sch ni vi Trng Chiu, nu a em khng gnh ni trng trch (nu Trng Mu khng c vic), th ngi nhn ly quyn lnh o (qun hy t thay nhn ly). Nh vy, d chng ta khng th thnh cng Giang ng (khng thng c y), vn c th ngh cch v Giang Ty (tr li min ty), c g phi bn tm (c g phi lo ngh). Nh vy, chnh quyn Tn th c ng vng c Giang ng hay khng, Tn Sch cha chc chn lm.

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Chnh quyn Tn th khng ch c ni lon, m cn c ngoi ho. Lc Tn Sch t th, To Tho, Vin Thiu ang knh ch Quan . Bt k ai thng ai thua, nht nh k thng s nh xung Giang ng. l min Bc. min ty c Lu Biu c hn mi vn qun, cch chng my ngn dm, ngi nhn hai h u nhau, hai qun To v Vin ang ph din. i tng Hong T th h ca Lu Biu, ngi c cha b anh em Tn Sch git hi, lc ny cng ang hm h Giang H. May sao Lu Biu khng phi hng kit, thiu ch ln, nu khng, mt khi Tn Sch mt, Hong T nh thng ti . Tn Quyn - ngi thay th lc , c th ni tui nh, th c, ni lon, ngoi ho. Xa c ch mnh (To Tho), gn c th i (Lu Biu), trong cn lon lc (s tc Giang ng khng phc), cha c cng g (giang sn khng phi t mnh ot c), ci nhn c ch l ming khoai nc rt li. C phn ging nh Gia Ct Lng tip nhn chnh quyn Thc Hn, vin cnh khng my lc quan. Lc ni ti Thc Hn, ti a ra mi su ch: Lu B dng nc, c s khng vng; Di Lng bi trn, ni rung t ng. My ch ny cng thch hp vi Tn Quyn: Tn th vo Ng, c s khng vng; anh c va mt, ni rung t ng. V vy, trong Ng ch truyn hay trong Trng Chiu truyn ca Tam quc ch u ni, lc Tn Quyn khc ht nc mt. Ting khc kinh hi, va lo lng va bi thng. Gia Ct Lng tr thnh nh chnh tr lo luyn khi tip nhn chnh quyn Thc Hn, cn Tn Quyn lc ny mi v thnh nin, khng khc sao c? Nhng h thnh cng. Gia Ct Lng thnh cng v bit lin Ng chng Ngy, ly th cng, tr nc theo php, yn ni nhiu ngoi, x l ng n hng lot nhng mu thun trong ln ngoi. Vy v sao Tn Quyn cng thnh cng? Mi ngi thng ni, To Tho c thin thi, Tn Quyn c a li, Lu B c nhn ho. Thc ng ng, v y l li cc tiu thuyt gia. To Tho c thin thi ng khng? T lu c ngi hoi nghi. Lu B c nhn ho ng khng? Theo ti, cha chc. Th no l thin thi? L xu th pht trin ca x hi. Xu th pht trin lc nh th no? Giai cp a ch s tc s tr thnh vai chnh trn v i chnh tr. To Tho i biu cho xu th chng? Khng. T M i din cho xu th . To Tho i din cho giai cp chng? Cng khng. Vin Thiu l ngi i din cho giai cp . vy, sao li ni To Tho c thin thi? Chc g Lu B c nhn ho. Lc u l c. Lu, Quan, Trng thn nh anh em; Gia Ct Lng Bng Thng, Php Chnh ht lng ph t. Nhng sau ny th kh ni, u tranh ni b lun n ra, L Nghim b ph, Bnh Dng b git, ngay c con nui l Lu Phong cng b ban ti cht, Ngy Din v Dng Nghi u lao vo ch cht. Trong thc t, ni lon l nguyn nhn quan trng khin Thc Hn dit vong. Tp on ng chu ngoi hp trong li, tp on ch chu li tm li c, nhn s ch chu th

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mong mi To Ngy sm n gii phng cho, mong cho Thc Hn nhanh chng dit vong, sao li ni l c nhn ho? Tn Quyn thnh cng chc g v c a li. Thi k u, iu lo lng ln ca Tn Quyn khng phi l min Bc (To Tho, Vin Thiu), cng khng phi l min ty (Lu Biu, Lu Chng) m l Giang ng. Vy c a li g ng ni y? Trn thc t, trc ht v c nhn ho, Tn Quyn mi c th ng vng, tip tc tn ti v pht trin. Tam quc ch - Ng ch truyn ni rt r, Tn Quyn va thay th c hai anh hng ci th, mt vn mt v nhn nh c thnh nghip ln v tnh nguyn ng h ph t (ht lng phng s), cn gip Tn Quyn xc lp quyn uy ca mnh, l no khng phi l nhn ho? Chng ta u bit, l Chu Du v Trng Chiu. y l trng hp v cng cm ng. Theo Ng ch truyn, Trng Chiu truyn, lc Tn Quyn khc gn ht hi th Trng Chiu xut hin ni, hiu lim i, chng nh lc ny l lc khc ? Nay h lang, gian tc ang honh hnh, nu tiu tng qun c lo khc anh trai th ngang nh m ca mi gic vo. y chng phi l nhn i g (khng th coi l nhn)! iu quan trng vi ngi thay th l bit tip nhn ci trc ri m rng v pht trin hon thnh i nghip, vy sao c khc lc mi nh m tht phu tht ph kia (tnh cm nh l tht phu)? Th ri Trng Chiu Tn Quyn thay trang phc, i mc nhung trang (ci mc quyn phc), Tn Quyn ln nga, by nghi trng (dn qun) tun st ba qun (kim tra qun lnh). Khng th hiu c, Tn Quyn phn ng rt nhanh, xut hin trc mi ngi trong t th anh v uy nghim, ht nh mt ng qun vng. Mi ngi bit l cha mi (lng mi ngi c ch da). Trng Chiu cng mi ngi lo ph t. Cng lc , Chu Du cng t Ba Khu (huyn Hp Giang, Giang Ty ngy nay, khng phi Ba Khu ca th trn Nhc Dng, H Nam ngy nay, ni m sau ny qun To b dch v Chu Du m, qua i) tr v huyn Ng (nay l T Chu, Giang T) vi chc danh Trung H qun (t lnh qun cn v) cng Trng Chiu (b th trng) cnh Tn Quyn cng nhau lo liu. Theo Chu Du truyn, lc Tn Quyn ch l tng qun. V vy b h v tn khch lun n gin v tu tin mi khi c l vi Tn Sch. Ring Chu Du th khc, lun hnh l theo quan h vua ti, (mt mnh tn knh theo l thn t), dn u trong vic xc lp quyn uy ca vua Tn Quyn. Mt ngi cng mi ngi lo ph t, mt ngi mt mnh tn knh theo l thn t, Tn Quyn mt lc ng trn vai hai ngi, bng chc tr nn cao ln. Vic Trng Chiu v Chu Du ng h l cc k quan trng v hai ngi u khng phi l ngi Giang ng, li i din cho hai th lc chnh tr. Chng ta u bit, cng ging nh chnh quyn Thc Hn c Lu B xy dng sau khi vo Thc,

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chnh quyn ng Ng do Tn Quyn thnh lp cng bao gm ba phi. C iu, khi Tn Quyn thay th ba phi ny ch l ba th lc chnh tr. Chng ta cn phi ni thm v ba th lc chnh tr ny, nu khng s khng sao r c rt nhiu tnh hnh ng Ng. Tt nhin ch c th ni qua. Nu mun bit tng tn hn, xin c Con ng Tn Ng lp nc ca ngi in D Khnh. Th lc chnh tr th nht l Tp on qun s Hoi, T, gi tt l Hoi T tng lnh, bao gm qun c ca Tn Kin v Tn Sch, ni r hn l s ngi t rt sm theo cha con Tn Kin, Tn Sch Nam chinh Bc chin ginh thin h. Trong s ny ngi c ca Tn Kin l: Trnh Ph ngi huyn Th Ngn qun Hu Bc Bnh; Hong Ci ngi huyn Tuyn Lng, qun Linh Lng; Hn ng ngi huyn Lnh Chi, qun Liu Ty. Qun c ca Tn Sch gm c: Tng Khm ngi huyn Th Xun, qun Cu Giang; Chu Thi ngi huyn H Thi, qun Cu Giang; Trn V ngi huyn Tng T, qun L Giang. Chu Du l nhn vt i biu cho phi h ny. Chu Du ngi huyn Th, qun L Giang, t nh thn tnh vi Tn Sch, cng Tn Sch t Giang Ty vt sng nh ti y, va l anh em thn thit va l anh em cc cho vi Tn Sch, tr thnh lnh t ca phi h ny. Th lc chnh tr th hai l tn khch ng c y, gi l Bc s lu vong. H vn t phng bc, chy lon ti Giang ng, lc u nh cy vo thi th, chu mc Giang ng, v sau theo v vi tng lnh Hoi T hoc i tc Giang ng, nn gi l tn khch n ng c, nh Trng Chiu ngi Bnh Thnh; Gia Ct Cn ngi huyn Dng , qun Lang Nha; B Cht ngi huyn Hoi m, qun Lm Hoi; Trng Honh ngi qun Qung Lng; Nghim Tun ngi Bnh Thnh; Th Nghi ngi huyn Doanh Lng, Bc Hi. H u n Giang ng lnh nn, nn gi l Bc s lu vong. Th lc chnh tr ny tuy l mt phi h phn tn, thm ch khng thnh phi h, nhng v h l nhn s t phng bc, nn nh hng tht kh lng. Th lc chnh tr th ba l i tc th gia Giang ng, gi l Giang ng s tc, y, quan trng nht l t i gia tc: Ngu, Ngy, C, Lc. Ngu th v Ngy th qun Ci K, Ngu xp trc, Ngy xp sau, nhn vt i biu l Ngu Phin v Ngy ng. C th v Lc th qun Ng, C xp trc, Lc xp sau, nhn vt i biu l C Ung v Lc Tn. C ngi ca t i gia tc ny khc nhau, s phn ca bn nhn vt i biu trn cng khc nhau. Lc Tn, C Ung ra trn vo triu u l tng, ng u vn v trong chnh quyn ng Ng; Ngu Phin hai ln b ging, cui cng cht ni i y; Nguy ng cng hai ln sut b git. C mt ln Tn Sch nh git Ngu ng, may c Ng phu nhn cu sng. Chuyn ny ni trong tp C nghip ng Ng. y l bn chnh tr khu vc Giang ng sau khi Tn Sch vt sng. c nhiu ch nh du bng ba mu , vng, lam. Mu l tng lnh Hoi T,

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vng l Bc s lu vong, lam l s tc Giang ng. Hng l v kh, vng l bt mc, lam l tin bc. Thi ca h i vi chnh quyn ca Tn Sch cng khc nhau. Tng lnh Hoi T (v kh) th ng h; Bc s lu vong (bt mc) th ch xem; s tc Giang ng (ti tin) th chng li. Phn trc ni r nguyn nhn, Tn Sch l hn tc Giang ng, pht tch Giang Ty, nghch thn c b, xm nhp qu hng, cn rn e git hi anh ho. Chnh v th m s tc Giang ng phn cm, cnh gic, hi hng v bi xch. Nhng Tn Quyn mun thnh i nghip, cn phi cm r Giang ng, cn phi c s tc Giang ng ng h. Lc ny l bui u cha c c iu , nn phi tm n s ng h khc. Nh vy biu hin ca Chu Du v Trng Chiu mang tnh cht quyt nh. Phn trc ni, Chu Du l lnh t tng lnh Hoi T. Chu Du ng h Tn Quyn, Tn Quyn c v kh, s vic c gii quyt qu na. S ng h ca Trng Chiu cng rt quan trng, Trng Chiu vn l tn khch ng c, thuc th lc chnh tr th hai. Trng Chiu tuy khng l lnh t nhng li c sc nh hng c sc hiu triu, c tc dng m phm dn u. Trn thc t, sau khi Trng Chiu a ng liu n ph t th s Bc s lu vong cn c thi thm d trong thi Tn Sch, bt u bc vo mc ph ca Tn Quyn. Nh vy, Tn Quyn c bt mc. C ngi c Tn Quyn chiu m (Th Nghi), c ngi t tm n (Gia Ct Cn), c ngi c Trng Chiu gii thiu (Nghim Tun). Chu Du tin c L Tc vi Tn Quyn, Tn Quyn v L Tc, qun thn gp mt. Theo Tam quc ch - L Tc truyn, Chu Du phi lm vic vi c hai pha. Mt mt, ni Tn Quyn lun knh trng ngi hin (thn ngi hin, qu k s), thu nhn ngi k ti (nhn ngi ti), tng lai i nghip s thnh cng (cui cng c c s l ). Mt khc li ni vi Tn Quyn, L Tc c ti ph t, cn c nhiu ngi ti nh vy (phi tm kim nhng ngi nh vy), hon thnh i nghip (c nghip mi thnh), khng th h phiu bt n ch khc (khng th h i). Kt qu Tn Quyn v L Tc va gp nh quen, hp phch hp iu, nh c gp nc, cui cng tr thnh mt cp qun thn bn cht. Mt s kin mang ngha trng i. Trc ht, L Tc l nhn ti siu vit kh kim vo thi . L Tc lun mu li cho t nc, gii ng tr qun, tinh thng ngoi giao, c tm nhn chnh tr v chin lc, c th va l nh chnh tr, ngoi giao va l nh qun s. L Tc c nhiu ng gp c bit cho tp on Tn Ng. L Tc xut mc tiu chin lc dng hiu vng nhm ly thin h; quy hoch chin lc chia ba thin h vi To, Lu (ch Lu Biu lc , sau iu chnh l Lu B) v cng chnh L Tc dng nn lin minh Tn - Lu (bao gm chng To Tho v cho mn Kinh chu) tuy sau ny c nhiu cch nh gi khc nhau (v sau Tn Quyn cho l mt thiu st), nhng lc i li Kinh chu, L Tc mt mnh n hi, khut

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phc Quan V, khng h mt i phong mt i tng, bn sc mt anh hng. V vy, v sau trong lc tr chuyn vi Lc Tn, Tn Quyn ni trnh Lc Tn cn cao hn Trng Nghi v T Tn (cao hn Trng xa hn T); a v lch s ca L Tc ngang hng vi ng V - ng u cc nguyn hun khai quc thi ng Hn) (xem Tam quc ch - L Mng truyn). Nhng nhng iu cha phi l iu quan trng nht. iu quan trng nht l thn phn ca L Tc v thi c, con ng L Tc n tham gia vi Tn Quyn, cng nhng chc v sau . Ni v thn phn trc. Trong Tam quc ch - L Tc truyn ni, L Tc ngi huyn ng Thnh, qun Lm Hoi. V khng mun nhn chc huyn trng huyn ng Thnh theo sp xp ca Vin Thiu, L Tc lin em theo c nh cng hn trm thanh nin hip ngha (c nh cng hn trm ngi ngha hip) xung min Nam C So theo Chu Du (n min Nam C So theo Chu Du), (c ngi ni C So l ng bc th trn So H, An Huy, c ngi ni C So thuc ng nam th trn ng Thnh, An Huy). ng Thnh nay l ng nam huyn nh Vin, An Huy, v vy L Tc l ngi Giang Ty, khng phi l ngi Giang ng, v iu ny, L Tc ging cc tng lnh Hoi T, cng th ngn ng vi Chu Du. L Tc xung min Nam theo Chu Du, nn l tn khch ng c, v iu ny, L Tc ging cc Bc s lu vong, cng th ngn ng vi Trng Chiu. L Tc c tuyt s sp t ca Vin Thut, nn lp trng chnh tr li ging vi s tc Giang ng, c th c cng mt ting ni vi h. Trong tp on Tn th xa nay cha h c ai cng lc c ba thn phn nh vy. Tn Quyn mun iu ho ba mu trn bn chnh tr ca mnh, nn rt cn loi ngi ny. Tt nhin, cha hn L Tc c c tc dng nh vy, nhng vic L Tc n tham gia, t ra cng c ngha tng trng. Th n l thi c. Phn trn ni, s tc Giang ng lun bi xch tp on Tn th; Bc s lu vong lun gi thi bo lu. L Tc l tn khch ng c, cng vi h, xem thng tp on Lu th. Chng ta u bit, lc Chu Du vt sng sang ng, L Tc cng vt sng, nhng khi n Giang ng, L Tc khng theo Tn Sch. Li ch dn Ng th ca Bi Tng Chi ni, L Tc gp Tn Sch. Ngi Miu Vit cho rng khng phi th. S thc, lc n Khc A (nay l th trn an Dng, Giang T), L Tc dng li (c nh li Khc A). Khc A l tr s ca Lu Do c triu nh c n lm Dng chu mc, l vng t c nhiu ngha. Tr s ca Dng chu vn Th Xun (nay l huyn Th, An Huy). Lc Vin Thut chim Th Xun, Lu Do nh phi di tr s v Khc A Giang ng. Lp tc hnh thnh hai Dng chu, l Giang ng (Giang Nam) v Giang Ty (Giang Bc). Ni v phi h th Tn Sch thuc Giang Ty Dng chu. L Tc ng tr s Giang ng Dng chu c ngha chnh tr g khng, chng ta cha r. Sau khi Tn Sch qua i, L Tc khng

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ngh chuyn v vi Tn Quyn, l s thc. L Tc chun b n vi mt ngi l Trnh Bo theo ca Lu T Dng (mt ngi bn ca L Tc). Trnh Bo l ai? Khng bit. Xem ra cng khng phi l ngi gh gm g. L Tc tnh nguyn sang vi Trnh Bo, khng n vi Tn Quyn, r rng l cha bit g v Tn Quyn. Nhng cui cng th L Tc n vi Tn Quyn, r rng l c li khuyn ca Chu Du cng vi s ng ca chnh L Tc. Theo ti, trc L Tc phi suy ngh nhiu, khng phi n thun Tc nghe li khuyn. Li khuyn ch c th l mt tn hiu, cho hay tn khch ng c tha nhn Tn Quyn, thm ch c th theo ti . Tc ng c cu, n sm khng bng n ng lc. Vi Tn Quyn, L Tc n nh l trong tuyt c la. Hung h khi hai bn gp nhau, L Tc ni nhiu v dng hiu vng ot thin h, xut bn Long Trung i ca ng Ng tn khch ng c nhm chia ba thin h. Tn Quyn ht sc cm kch, thm ch l cm ng. V vy, sau nhiu nm, lc tr chuyn vi Lc Tn, Tn Quyn ni Ta cng ni vui th bn ngay n nghip ln vng, l ci khoi nht vy. Li ni ti con ng v chc v n vi tp on Tn th, khng phi bt u t L Tc, cng khng phi ch c mnh L Tc. Nhng h hoc l c Tn Quyn chiu m (nh B Trc), hoc l c ng Nhn tin c (nh Nghim Tun) v a phn m nhim chc vn (nh Gia Ct Cn l trng S, B Trc l ch k). L Tc do Chu Du tin c, v sau nhn chc v. Chnh quyn tp on Tn th vn l c cu do Trng Chiu cm u vn, gm a phn l Bc s lu vong; Chu Du cm u v, a phn l tng lnh Hoi T. L Tc xut hin v nhn chc ph v l . t ra cng chng t l th lc th nht (tng lnh Hoi T) v th lc th hai (Bc s lu vong) hp li. Hn na, Bc s lu vong c th nhp vo h thng qun s do tng lnh Hoi T lm ch, vy th sau ny s tc Giang ng sao li khng th? Trn thc t, c Lc Tn - mt danh tng sau Chu Du, L Tc, L Mng, xut thn t s tc Giang ng, mt tc ln nht trong t i gia tc Ng qun. Phn tch nh vy mi thy ngha to ln ca vic L Tc tham gia lin minh, mi thy vai tr ca L Mng. L Mng l mt trong t i anh tng ca Tn Quyn (bn v thng du thng soi, l Chu Du, L Tc, L Mng, Lc Tn). L Mng l ngi thay th chc qun ca L Tc, cng l ngi tin c Lc Tn thay th mnh. Cuc i L Mng cng kh c bit. Theo Tam quc ch - L Mng truyn, chng ta bit, L Mng ngi huyn Ph Pha, qun Nh Nam (nay l th trn Ph Dng, An Huy), khng thuc s tc Giang ng. T nh theo anh r ng ng qua sng xung min Nam. Gia cnh lc ngho hn (ngho kh khng nh ca), khng c i hc (t c sch), v vy khng thuc Bc s lu vong, ch l bnh dn vt sng xung Nam. Tn Sch pht hin ra L Mng, lun cho lm th v cnh, v sau c

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Trng Chiu tin c, lc anh r qua i, c thay lm Bit b t m. L Mng c chc v nh v c coi l ngi trong tp on qun s Hoi T. Trn thc t, phi vt v lm L Mng mi c chc, tuy Bit b t m ch l chc u mc trong qun. Sau khi thay th, Tn Quyn tinh binh gin chnh, lc ny tiu t m c c phi dch chuyn ra Quan nh. L Mng bit iu , nn vay tin sm qun trang, lo luyn qun, khin Tn Quyn v cng thch th khi n th st. T Tn Quyn bt u ch n L Mng, dy L Mng c sch, cho L Mng qun i, gip L Mng trng thnh trong chin u. L Mng khng ph s k vng , L Tc gp mt mi ngi. V vy, v sau mi ln tr chuyn vi Lc Tn, Tn Quyn u ni, c ch ngh T Minh (L Mng) khng s gian kh, gan d (qu cm khng t nan), khng ng L Mng c hc vn, ti mu lc, chng my chc s nh Chu Cng Cn! Thc tnh th Tn Quyn c nhiu cng sc trong chuyn ny. Xt theo ngha th L Mng l ngi c Tn Quyn pht hin v bi dng. T y cho thy, L Tc t nhiu quan h vi ba th lc chnh tr, tng lnh Hoi T, Bc s lu vong, s tc Giang ng, cn L Mng th khng. V vy, nu ni i din cho ba th lc chnh tr trn bn chnh tr ca Tn Quyn l ba mu , vng, lam, th i din cho L Tc, L Mng l mu nu. Nhng Tn Quyn rt cn mu nu. Lc u, Tn Quyn cn mu nu c th iu ho vi ba mu kia. Sau ny cng cn mu nu lm mu qu , iu ho mu sc ch o trong chnh quyn, t mu hng ca tng lnh Hoi T, mu vng ca Bc s lu vong dn dn bin thnh mu lam ca s tc Giang ng. Ngi in D Khnh ni, con ng dng nc ca Tn Quyn l qu trnh Giang ng ho. lm r quan im ny c th nhn vo bn v tng nhn chc Thng du thng soi; Trc ht l Chu Du (tng lnh Hoi T) n L Tc (Bc s lu vong), n L Mng (bnh dn qua sng xung nam) th n Lc Tn (s tc Giang ng). y l s phn tch ca ngi i sau. Cn i vi cc nhn vt lch s th y ch l ln my gi gp nhau. ng nh Chu Du ni vi L Tc l lc trng s ta rng nh gi bay ln. Chu Du cn mn li M Vin tr li Quang V thi ng Hn: lc ny, qun khng chn thn, thn cng s chn qun. Vy, v sao Chu Du v L Tc li chn Tn Quyn? con ngi c im g hn ngi, khin anh hng ho kit khp ni phi tm n? Tp th bn mi bn: NGI M QUYT VIC NG NAM Khc vi To Tho v Lu B - tay trng, gian kh dng nghip, t lc v thnh nin, Tn Quyn tip nhn c mt c nghip do cha, anh li, c cu thn ng h, ngi mi ph t. Nhng Tn Quyn li l ngi xng cui cng trong ba nc Ngy, Thc, Ng. V sao Tn Quyn phi hon i hon li? Pha sau s m thm nhn

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nhn , iu g l tr ngi, phi kh tm? Tn Quyn lm g trc nhng kh khn i ti thnh cng? Tp trc chng ta ni vn ny, cui cng th Tn Quyn c im g hn ngi, ht c m qun hng. Vn ny ng c bn bc. Chng ta u bit, trong ba ci u ln Ngy, Thc, Ng, Tn Quyn l ngi tng i c bit. To Tho v Lu B t sng lp nn c nghip, phi t xng pha chin trn c c giang sn. Cn Tn Quyn, l ngi thay th. C iu, trong s nhng ngi thay th th Tn Quyn l t xut nht. To Phi ch l ngi hon thnh l i m, nhn nghip do ngi cha sng lp, cn Lu Thin khng gi ni c nghip nh nhoi ca mnh. Ch c Tn Quyn mi bit pht trin b nghip ca cha, anh thnh nghip, ch trch i sau ca ngi Tn Quyn: tui nh thnh nghip, khng ngi ngh ngi m quyt trn ng Nam, Thin h anh hng ai ch ni? Con ci To, Lu ai bng Tn Trng Mu! (Nam hng t. ng Kinh khu bc c nh hu hoi ca Tn Kh Tt), ng l Tn Quyn rt gii. Mi ngi hm m Tn Quyn. To Tho Nam chinh Bc chin, vo sinh ra t mi t tay trng pht trin thnh na giang sn. Lu B nm gai nm mt, kh s trm b, mi thot cnh n u nh, pht trin thnh mt vng. Tn Quyn rt kh, tip nhn c nghip ca cha, anh lc v thnh nin. Trong lc hi hng lo s , c Trng Chiu v Chu Du, cu thn lo tng thi Tn Sch, nh hai cy ct chng tri, kp ngn c ho ln, tri sp. Tip n l L Tc, L Mng, Lc Tn, C Ung trc sau tm n nh my gi gp nhau. Tn Quyn khng ging To Tho, Lu B, mi ln ra trn phi xch gm, cm gio xng ln trc. Nhiu lc, nh trong cc trn Xch Bch, Di Lng, Tn Quyn ch ngi hu phng m b lnh. V vy, nhiu ngi ni Tn Quyn tht c phc, thm ch ngi Chu Trch Hng cn gi Tn Quyn l phc soi. Nhng Tn Quyn cng chng d dng g. Mi ngi u bit, trong ba nc Ngy, Thc, Ng, Tn Quyn l ngi xng sau cng. Do Tn Quyn khng mun? ng nhin khng phi. Tn Quyn khng th chng? cng v tt. Thng mi nm Kin An th XXV (Cng nguyn nm 220), To Phi xng , i hiu l Hong S. Na nm sau, thng t nin hiu Ngy Vn Hong S nm th II (Cng nguyn nm 221), Lu B xng , i hiu l Chng V. Nu lc ny Tn Quyn cng lm th th chng c g l khng c. Ngay nh A Q cng bit, ho thng s c, sao ta khng s c? V li i Hn mt th mt ri, bn khng xng th s xng thn vi ai y? Sau khi Lu B xng c bn thng, Tn Quyn chn xng phin vi To Phi (vo thng tm nm Hong S th II), cn phi s gi n, t r s thn phc, tr tng Ngy b bt l Vu Cm. V sau ba

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thng (thng mi mt Hong S nm th II), Tn Quyn c To Phi sc phong l Ng vng. Ln th nht b qua c hi xng . Ln th hai l thng t nm Hong V th II (Cng nguyn nm 223), Hong V l nin hiu ca ng Ng. Trc lc To Phi xng , v danh ngha vng triu i Hn vn cn, nn mi ngi phi dng nin hiu ca Hn Hin . Sau khi xng , To Phi v Lu B dng nin hiu ca mnh nh Hong S v Chng V. Tn Quyn tuy cha xng , nhng c phong l Ng vng, l vng quc c lp, nn n nm th hai th i nin hiu l Hong V. Tc l sau khi Hn Hin b h b th khng cn nin hiu chung. c mt thi chung vi ba nc, mi khi ni nc no, ti s dng nin hiu ca nc . Tuy c phin h cho c gi, nhng cng chng cn cch no khc. ng sau tng nin hiu cn ghi ngy theo dng lch, c th gip mi ngi thot c cnh m h. Theo Tam quc ch - Ng ch truyn, vo thng t nm Hong V th II, qun thn c li khuyn Tn Quyn lm Hong , Tn Quyn c tuyt (Quyn khng theo). Nhn chung trong lch s, mi khi cc nhn vt c ln xng Tn hiu l vng hay l , u do ngi di c li khuyn, cn mnh th t chi v t chi. Nh To Tho t chi ti ba ln. Lu B khng chu xng , Gia Ct Lng c li khuyn. Nhng ln ny Tn Quyn khng theo, khng phi gi v, m l thc bng khng ng . Theo li ch dn Giang Biu truyn ca Bi Tng Chi, Tn Quyn khng ng v thy khng n. Tn Quyn ni, vng triu i Hn suy bi n nc ny (nh Hn v), qu nhn khng cu c (khng th cu gip), cn bng d no m tranh ginh? ng nhin ng l di tr, qu cng khng tin. Nu thc bng v Hn tht th v sao li nhn phong hiu ca gic To? Nu ng l v tit ngha th ng lm Ng vng na! Ng vng lm c, sao Ng khng lm c? V vy qun thn cho Tn Quyn t chi l lm tr, v th mi kin tr (mi li ln na). Tn Quyn ht cch nh phi ni ra mt cht s thc. Tn Quyn ni, v sao qu nhn li nhn phong hiu ca To Ngu? V lc Lu Huyn c sp nh ti (ch trn chin Di Lng), pha To Ngu li c mun gip chng ta. Qu nhn hiu r, gip nh vy khc g l p buc. Nu qu nhn khng ci u xng thn, h s cng Lu B nh thng ti (cng pha ty nh ti), khin chng ta hai pha u c gic. Hu qu thc nghim trng, v vy, qu nhn khng th khng nn nhn nhn s phong vng. (nhn di ngi khc), qu nhn bit cc v cha thc r (cha bit ht), nhn tin gii thch nh vy (xin ni nh vy)! Ni nh vy mi ng c mt phn. iu gii thch v sao nm Hong S th II (Cng nguyn nm 221) li nhn phong, nhng cha gii thch c v sao nm Hong V th II (Cng nguyn nm 223) li khng xng . V chng ta u bit, lc

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ny Lu B bi trn Di Lng, Tn Quyn v To Phi tr mt. Tn Quyn v To Phi tr mt trc mt nm (Cng nguyn nm 222). y l nguyn nhn khin Tn Quyn i hiu Hong V. Tam quc ch - Ng ch truyn ni, Quyn i nin hiu, gi vng Lm Giang. t rt r rng: Qu nhn khng coi ngi l hong thng, khng dng nin hiu ca ngi na, mun nh th c n m nh! K cng l, Tn Quyn tr mt vi Lu B v To Phi, th vic g cn phi ch i na? L l tht n gin. Chnh v tr mt nn khng cn cm gic an ton. Thc t th vn ln nht ca Tn Quyn l khng cn cm gic an ton. Theo Tam quc ch - Ng ch truyn, trc khi nhn phong hiu ca To Phi, Tn Quyn tng c lnh n ch tng. Tn Quyn ni, khi sinh tn th ng qun s dit vong (tn khng qun vong), khi c an ton phi ngh n lc nguy him (an tt ngh nguy), l bi hc tt nht m ngi xa li (bi hc hay ca ngi xa). Hung h cc v ang bin cnh (thn ti bin cng), trc mt l k ch mnh (h lang giao tip), l no c th s sut khng ngh ti iu l (khinh sut khng ngh n tai ho)! R rng, Tn Quyn lun coi To, Lu l h bo, lun phi phng. C iu Tn Quyn cng bit, To Ngy khng d chi, nhng c th trnh c. V vy, sau khi tr mt vn cn i li vi Ngy Vn . Bn pha Lu B cng khng nn c ti nhiu, ci g tt vn nn thu. Tt nht, khng nn c ti vi hai nh hoc l va y va ko, ng lm iu g qu ng. C th y l tm t ca Tn Quyn. Khng tin th hy xem nin hiu ca Tn Quyn ni ln iu g? Hong V. R rng y l Hong S ca To Phi thm Chng V ca Lu B. Sau ny khi xng , nin hiu ca Tn Quyn l Hong Long (lc ny nin hiu ca Thc l Kin Hng, ca Ngy l Thi Ho). ngha thc r rng: qu nhn khc g c chp vt long mn, nh phi th thi! l Tn Quyn. Tn Quyn i ng khc vi To Tho v Lu B. i s s hc, ngi Tin B Tn ni rt hay, To Tho coi hong bo nh o thng. T y, chng ta c th ni: Lu B, coi o thng l hong bo mc; Tn Quyn mc tri hong bo. Hoc ni, Tn Quyn t may hong bo cho mnh v ln tri ra mc. Ch lc thi c chn mui, tht thun tin mi mc mt phi ra ngoi. Trn Th ni, Tn Quyn c ci hay ca Cu Tin (Bnh Ng ch truyn), khng cn g chun xc hn. Mi ngi ngh xem, l no Cu Tin li l ngi c th mc o tri? C iu, o Cu Tin mc li chnh l vng bo! Lc ny chng ta c th tr li vn t ra tp trc: V sao Tn Quyn c th c lo thn ng h, ngi mi theo v, c th c nhiu anh hng ht sc ph t? L bi Tn Quyn c ci hay ca Cu Tin l anh ti kit xut. Khng cn nghi ng g, mt ngi c th may ly hong bo, t mc hong bo th ng l ngi Chu Du, L Tc hy vng ph t.

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Tn Quyn ng l mt ngi nh vy? ng. Tri ph cho con ngi Tn Quyn c mt s c th. Tam quc ch - Ng ch truyn dn li Lu Uyn, Tn Quyn hnh mo k v, ct th bt thng. Th no l ct th bt thng? Li ch dn Hin Xun Thu ca Bi Tng Chi ni, di trn ngn di. Th no l hnh mo k v? Ch dn Giang Biu truyn ni Di vung ming ln, mt sng lung linh. Di, l hai bn m. Di vung, ming ln c v l uy v hng trng, mt sng lung linh tc l trong mt c thn. Tnh cch ca Tn Quyn cng rt tt, rng ri, nhn t v ho hip. iu quan trng nht, t rt sm Tn Quyn tham d chnh s cng Tn Sch (cng bn mu k), Tn Sch lun kinh ngc v nhng pht biu ca Tn Quyn (Sch thng thy l, cho rng mnh khng bng). V vy, Tn Sch Tn Quyn lun i theo bn mnh v mi ln gp g qun thn Sch lun quay li ni vi Quyn, ngi anh em, sau ny cc v y s l i tng ca ngi. Tn Sch khng nhn nhm Tn Quyn. Chng ta u bit, Tn Quyn thay th lc mi mi tm tui, ang kh huyt phng cng li sn c hip kh trong ngi, nn va nhn chnh quyn nhanh chng n nh. Phn trn ni, vo nm Tn Quyn va thay th, L Tc c Chu Du khuyn tin v vi Tn Quyn, c quy hoch to ln gip Tn Quyn, xc nh phi dng hiu vng ginh thin h. Lc Tn Quyn ni nh th no? Ti ni mt cu chng mn m g: ph t Hn tht, Tn m s lm vic ht mnh (tn lc ph t Hn tht). Bi tng qun cha th ngh v cha th lm c nh iu ngi ni (cha theo c li ). Theo ti, l my li khch so. V tnh hnh lc , ng nh L B ni, Qun qun mun lm , huyn huyn mun xng vng (xem li L B v Tiu Kin Th ghi trong ch dn Anh hng k ca Bi Tng Chi Tam quc ch - L B truyn) khng t ngi mun lm Hong . Ngi khc mun, Tn Quyn khng mun chng? Theo ti l mun. Theo Tam quc ch - L Tc truyn, Tn Quyn xng sau 22 nm, trc khi ln n cn quay li ni vi mi ngi, by gi L T Knh ngh ti hm nay, thc l thu r s i. R rng cha theo c li l cha thnh thc, thu r s i mi l thc. C iu, thc lc ca tp on Tn th, nng lc ca c nhn Tn Quyn khi cha thc hin c m lm Hong , v vy mi qua loa vi cu cho xong chuyn. S vic ni r iu g? Tn Quyn bit nhn nhn. Nhn nhn l t cht cn thit ca nh qun s, nh chnh tr. Nhng ai c To Qu lun chin th u r: Ra trn phi c dng kh. Hng xong ri s yu, yu ri s kit. Tc l, khi hai bn ang dn trn, ai bit nhn nhn ngi s hn. Nu ch mnh ta yu, li cng phi nhn nhn, nu khng l t chuc ly dit vong. V vy, cc nh chnh tr, nh qun s thnh cng u l nhng ngi nhn nhn trc, sau mi khc ch, ginh thng li. ch tin ta lui, ch ngng ta quy, ch mi ta nh, ch chy ta ui, trc ht l

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phi nhn nhn (ch tin ta lui), sau lm cho ch khng nhn c (ch ngng ta quy), cui cng mi c th khc ch ginh thng li. Thc t l trong qu trnh sng nghip, Tn Quyn lun bit nhn nhn. Theo li ch ca Bi Tng Chi cui thin Tam quc ch - Ng ch truyn, Ph Huyn thi Tn ni ti s khc nhau gia Tn Sch v Tn Quyn, ni tc phong ca Tn Sch sng sut c on, sc mnh hn ngi, sch lc ca Tn Quyn bit ch thi c, binh khng manh ng, cho nn nh t bi v Giang Nam yn n. ng, Tn Quyn tuy Lm ch ng Nam, chin tranh khng dt nhng v c bn ch nh nhng trn c m bo. V ch ng xut kch th lun ginh thng li hoc khng c tn tht ln. Nh nm Kin An th VIII nh Hong T, kt qu ph tan qun thuyn; nm th XII li nh Hong T, kt qu dn chng n hng, nm th XIII, ln th ba nh Hong T, kt qu l nh vo thnh v bt k cm u; nm th XIV nh To Nhn, kt qu Nhn b thnh m chy; nm th XIX nh Hon thnh, kt qu l ph thnh. c nh vy, v binh khng manh ng. Duy cn mt iu mi ngi thy kh hiu l trn chin Xch Bch. ng. Nhiu ngi ly lm kh hiu v sao Tn Quyn li lin Lu chng To. Th nht, cuc chin vn chng c lin can g, nhng v sao Tn Quyn li phi nhy vo h nc ? Th hai, cuc chin khng chc thng, v sao Tn Quyn phi mo him? Th ba, cuc chin mt bn khng thn thit (Lu B), mt bn khng l tit (To Tho) th v sao Tn Quyn li nghing v mt bn? V vy, nhiu ngi cho rng Tn Quyn b L Tc, Chu Du, Gia Ct Lng ko xung nc, vic hnh thnh lin minh Tn - Lu quy cng cho L Tc, Chu Du v Gia Ct Lng. Trong quyn u Phm Tam Quc, ti cng ni vy. Nhng lc ny c th ni vi mi ngi, ngi to dng chnh, lin minh Tn Lu l Tn Quyn, khng phi Lu B, khng phi Khng Minh, khng phi L Tc, khng phi Chu Du. Thc t th my truyn trong Tam quc ch ni rt r. Ng ch truyn ni, Chu Du v L Tc Tranh ci xong xui, ging vi Quyn. Chu Du truyn dn li Quyn Ngi ni rt r, hp c y; L Tc truyn dn li Tn Quyn cng ni, ca mi ngi lm c tht vng, nay khanh c k ln, rt ging c. Li ch dn Giang Biu truyn ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Chu Du truyn cng ni, bui ti Chu Du gp Tn Quyn mun c 5 vn tinh binh, Tn Quyn ni li chn 3 vn ngi, thuyn lng, chin c y , ri Chu Du, L Tc v Trnh Ph i trc, mnh h tr Si Tang. Nu bn Chu Du ra qun tht li, Tn Quyn chun b sng mi mt trn vi To Tho (c quyt chin vi Mnh c). Khng cn g r rng hn, quyt tm lin Lu chng To khng phi ai khc, m chnh l Tn Quyn. Nu khng, th sao Tn Quyn li ni, kin ngh ca bn Trng

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Chiu khin c tht vng, li ni, kin ca L Tc, Chu Du chnh ging c, rt hp c? Sao chun b xong cho Chu Du 3 vn ngi, n thuyn b, lng tho, v kh cng u c ? Sao li c th ni vi Chu Du gp nhau c g bt li s tr li, c quyt u vi Mnh c mt phen? R rng l Tn Quyn quyt nh. i mt ngi sng ca Tn Quyn nhn thu qua sng, qua lp sng m, ti ln khi nh tn vng thng du. D vy, Tn Quyn vn gi kn, xa nay cha tng ch ng ni r suy ngh ca mnh vi ngi khc. Trong qu trnh tm quyt sch, Tn Quyn lun hi kin mi ngi. L Tc ni, Tn Quyn vn mun nghe Gia Ct Lng ni. Gia Ct Lng ni ri, Tn Quyn vn mun nghe Chu Du ni. Mi ngi c cm gic nh, Tn Quyn u nghe kin mi ngi. Tn Quyn c y t cht mt lnh t. Tn Quyn bit rt r, mun c mt quyt sch ln, phi c s bn bc k lng, phi c s ng h kin quyt. Ni ti ch chin, tt nht l nghe kin ca phi ch chin (L Tc, Chu Du); ni ti lin minh, tt nht phi xem ngi ch trng lin minh ni g (Gia Ct Lng). C ngi bt ng kin (Trng Chiu), khng sao, y ng l lc xem li thi chnh tr v lp trng chnh tr ca c nhn ngi . Thi gian c ko di ra cng khng sao, Tn Quyn bit nhn nhn. Tn Quyn hiu r, ch c nhn nhn mi c quyt sch ng n, mi c th khc ch, thng li. Tn Quyn nhn nhn, thay i sc mt. Trong i mnh, khng bit bao nhiu ln Tn Quyn tr mt, Tn Quyn v Lu Biu c th i i, nhung khi Lu Biu mt, Tn Quyn c L Tc n ving; Tn Quyn v Lu B l bn lin minh, nhng khi Quan V nh Tng Phn, Tn Quyn chc dao sau lng. Tn Quyn lin Lu ri phn Lu, hng To ri li bi To, cho mn Kinh chu ri ot Kinh chu, th To ri li chi To. Trc trn chin Xch Bch, To Tho kh th dng mnh, Tn Quyn chng li; sau trn chin Xch Bch, To Tho th cng gim, Tn Quyn u hng. Quan V uy trn Hoa H, Tn Quyn ln nh; lc Lu B i bi Di Lng, Tn Quyn xin ho. Tn Quyn ging nh nhn vt trong truyn C Long, vo lc khng th bn bc c gc b tc, Tn Quyn li c chiu c th bn bc c, Tn Quyn nh cho To, Lu u hn mt hoa, khng bit phi lm g na! Xem ra Tn Quyn l nh chnh tr thin ti, bi hiu th no l chnh tr. Th no l chnh tr? Chnh tr k thc l quan h v c ba loi quan h chnh tr: ch, ta v bn. Ai l ch? To Ngy (bao gm To Tho, To Phi, To Du). Ai l bn? Lu B l bn. Nhng ch l To Ngy, lun khng nn c ti; cn bn l Lu B, li lun c th tr mt, khng nhn. V vy cn phi iu chnh sch lc, ha ch thnh bn, hoc anh tr mt, ti cng tr mt. Sau trn chin Xch Bch, Tn Quyn nh To Tho, nh c vi Lu B; v ho vi Lu B cng ho c vi To Tho. Coi l ngn ngh c Tn Quyn dn rt kho. Nh thng by nm Hong S th II (Cng nguyn

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nm 221), Lu B n nh, Tn Quyn lin xng thn vi To Phi. Thng su nm sau (Cng nguyn nm 222), Tn Quyn nh bi Lu B, tr mt lun. Chng n thng Chn, To Phi sai To Tu, To Nhn, To Thc chia qun lm ba ng nh ti, Tn Quyn lin quay li xin ho vi Lu B, mc d lc ny Lu B ang l bi tng di trng. R rng y khng phi l phn phc v thng m l cung cch ca ngi hay b nh, bit phi lm g t trong k h c th sinh tn v pht trin. C ngi, bit iu , nh Lu Hoa, Lu Hoa cho rng khng nn tin vic Tn Quyn xng thn. Theo Tam quc ch - Lu Hoa truyn, Lu Hoa ni vi To Phi, ngi Ng xa, ngoi Trng Giang v Hn Thu (xa xi bn ngoi Giang v Hn), t lu khng c thn phc (khng c bng thn phc t lu), sao bng dng chy n biu l s trung thnh? Nht nh v ngoi bc trong lon mi n lm chng ta dao ng. Trn thc t, Tn Quyn u ch lm dao ng mt ln? Trc y thng lm dao ng. Pha ng Ng khng ch c Tn Quyn bit lm dao ng? Nhiu ngi khc cng bit. Lc Quan V nh Tng, Phn, L Mng v Lc Tn lm cho Quan V dao ng y thi? l ci g? Nh li ca Bi Tng Chi trong ch dn Ph t, l ci li ca nc nh. Nhc tiu, khng nn cng qu, phi c bin php, phi bit un mnh cu ton, thm ch phi quanh co cu nc. Lm c nh vy khng phi d, khng ch phi nhn nhn, bit tr mt, cn phi bit cong lng un gi. Tn Quyn lm c iu ny. C nh vic nhn sch phong ca To Phi, thc khng n gin. Trc y, cng ng cng ngi, by gi phi ci u xng thn, mt s thay i ln? Trc y ch mt mng chi ngi ta l gic Hn, lc ny li un gi gi ngi ta l hong thng liu c lm c nh vy khng? Trc y lun ming l ht sc ph t nh Hn, by gi n lm Ngy thn, bit gii thch sao y? V vy c nhiu ngi Giang ng khng ng tnh. Tn Thnh cng ni, nu theo li bn ca qun thn th c i xng l Hn tng, khng xng l Ngy thn, h chng phi o ngha hp tnh, m c nhn cm ho trm i sao? Tn Thnh cn ni, gi ngha th khng nhc, n nh B Di, Thc T, L Trng Lin cn chu c hai ch tht phu, ng ny ch l vua mt nc trong thin h chia ba sao khng lm c? l li ni trong sch v. Lm ngi cng nn nh B Di, Thc T khng n go nh Chu hoc L Trng Lin v ngha khng chu tn xng Tn lm . Nhng l mt nh chnh tr th khng th ch ngh n danh d o c ca c nhn m phi ngh ti i th thin h v li ch t nc. Trn thc t th ngay nh Gia Ct Lng c lc cng phi bin ho. Theo ch dn Hn Tn Xun Thu ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Gia Ct Lng truyn, thi Thc Hn nm Kin Hng th VII (Cng nguyn nm 229), Tn Quyn xng , phi s gi n Thc Hn, mong mun hai cng tn ti, tc l nc Ng tha nhn Thc l Hong , nc Thc cng tha

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nhn Ng l Hong v u khng tha nhn Ngy l hong . Kt qu l triu nh Thc Hn bn lun si ni. V theo o c truyn thng th, tri khng th c hai mt, ngi khng th th hai vua, vy lm sao c n hai Hong trong thin h? V vy tt c nht tr ch trng (ngi ngi khng nn) tuyt giao vi Ng (xo b lin minh). Nhng Gia Ct Lng ngc li, ch trng tha nhn Ng , v Thc Hn cn c s gip ca pha . R rng, iu m Gia Ct Lng suy ngh khng phi l hai ch i ngha chung chung m suy ngh n li ch ca t nc mt cch thc t. Quan trng l Gia Ct Lng nu r mt iu, quyt sch chnh xc ca nh chnh tr kit xut phi quyn thng bin ho, nhn xa trng rng, tuyt khng phi ni bc ca k tht phu. Cng tc l, nh chnh tr cn phi bit thi r th (ng quyn), nhn thi m bin ho (thng bin), mu su k xa (ngh rng), ngh ti li ch c bn, li ch lu di ca nhn dn t nc (li ch xa) khng cn s bc dc ca tht phu, khng cn ch ngha gio iu. Li ni rt hay! My li ni ca Gia Ct Lng khin cho k tht phu phn n kia c th ngh c ri. Thc t th Tn Quyn nhn thi th m bin ho, ngh n li ch lu di. Tn Quyn tuy phi khom lng un gi vi Ngy, c s so snh khng xc ng lm, l bn ngh nhng khng bn thn, nhng bn thn vn l bn thn, gi c nguyn tc, gi c ng li. V d To Ngy nhiu ln mun Tn Quyn cho con ci n kinh thnh lm con tin, nhng Tn Quyn u c nghe. R rng khng phi l thc bng quy thun, Ng ch truyn, ngoi cng vic ra, thnh tm l khng thc. y khng phi l tr hai mt, m l bt c d. V Tn Quyn cn cng khai s khng thnh tm ca mnh. Theo Tam quc ch - Ng ch truyn, sau khi tip nhn phong hiu Ng vng, Tn Quyn phi u Triu T sang s nc Ngy. Va c mt, To Phi hi Triu T, Ng vng l loi ch th no? Triu T ni: L ch thng minh, nhn tr v hng lc. To Phi cm thy th v, hi t m hn, Triu T c gii thch tng ch mt (nhn L Tc gii giang l thng vy; phi L Mng ra trn l minh vy; thu Vu Cm v khng hi l nhn vy; ly Kinh chu, qun khng mu l tr vy), cui cng ni thm: gi ba chu nhn thin h chm chm l hng vy; khut mnh di b h l lc vy. R rng cha! Khut mnh di b h l s dao ng, nhn thin h chm chm mi l thc. Vn khng phi ch Tn Quyn c th ngh nh vy, c th ni nh vy, m y l li ni ca s thn trc mt To Phi, th mi l gii. iu ni ln iu g? Ni r Tn Quyn khng ch c th khom lng m cn c th ngng u. V ngay c khi Khut mnh di b h th u vn ngng ln. Tn Quyn khom lng nhng khng qu gi, qu gi nhng khng u hng, ngo xng nhng khng ngo kh, c th co c th dui, c th dui c th co. S thn ca Tn Quyn cng chng km cnh g trc

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mt To Phi. Theo ch dn Ng th ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Ng ch truyn, Triu T cn c bui ni chuyn na vi To Phi, cy mnh hc vn tt l nh th ln nh l lun ln, To Phi vi b mt tro lng hi Triu T: Ng vng cng hiu hc thut ch? Triu T ni, Ng vng gi hng ngn dm ng sng, thng soi trm vn hng binh, dn u nhiu ngi hin ti. Ch hng Tn Quyn cao nh ni di nh sng. V vy, Tn Quyn tuy c hng ng sch nhng khng h bi lng tm vt, tm chng trch c. To Phi li hi trm c th nh nc Ng khng? Triu T ni, b h c qun i ca b h, vua ca thn c s phng v ca Ngi (nc ln c qun chinh pht, nc nh c phng v kin c). To Phi hi na, nc Ng c s i Ngy ca ta khng? Triu T ni, tinh binh cng tng trm vn hng binh, Trng Giang Hn Thu li c thnh cao ho su, s ci g! To Phi hi tip, bn nc Ng, ngi ging nh cc h y c nhiu khng? Triu T ni, c chng chn, mi ngi thng minh c bit! Cn nh thn y th v khi, khng sao m xu. Triu T ni ng, trong thm tm Tn Quyn ang nhn thin h chm chm. V Tn Quyn bit nhn nhn, bit tr mt, bit khom lung, bit ngng u, nn cui cng thc hin c mc ch ca mnh. Theo Tam quc ch - Ng ch truyn, ma xun nin hiu Hong Long nm u (Cng nguyn nm 229), qun thn ln na khuyn tin. Ln ny Tn Quyn khng t chi v ln ngi Hong Nam giao V Xng (nay l th trn Ngc Chu, H Bc). V sao lc ny Tn Quyn li khng s? V ba nm trc To Phi qua i, To Du k v, Tn Quyn thy khng ng s. Bn pha Thc Hn, Gia Ct Lng cm quyn, l ngi kin quyt ch trng phi c lin minh Ng - Thc. Chnh quyn trong nc Giang ng ho, bc u n nh. T lu Lc Tn l thng soi, C Ung l tha tng (nin hiu Hong V nm th IV, tc Cng nguyn nm 225). Tn Quyn c th yn tm, ln phi hong bo, mc vo ngi. Tn Quyn tnh ton khng sai. Tn Quyn xng c cc nc lng ging tha nhn. Thng su, Gia Ct Lng phi V u Trn Chn n chc mng. Hai nc k iu c khng xm phm ln nhau, cng nhau tiu dit To Ngy, phi Hn v Ng, khng ai thng nhim c v hn nhau Nu ai hi Hn th Ng s nh; nu ai hi Ng th Hn s nh. Trn giy h cn c d n phn chia a bn ca To Ngy: D chu, Thanh chu, T chu, U chu thuc Ng, Duyn chu, K chu, Tinh chu, Lng chu thuc Thc, T chu mi nh mt na. Lc ny cch lc To Phi xng (Cng nguyn nm 220) l 9 nm, cch lc Lu B xng (Cng nguyn nm 221) l 8 nm. Tn Quyn thc bit nhn nhn. Thc t Tn Quyn khng phi tm thng m rt anh v, thm ch t ln nga bn h. Tn Quyn cng khng h l mnh l nhy bn, nh trn Xch Bch. Nhng Tn Quyn rt hiu, trc ht bn thn phi l v vua bit gi, sau mi thnh v vua khai sng. Con ng ca Tn Quyn trc ht phi thc thi, sau mi

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thnh tun kit; trc ht v l Tn T, sau mi thnh b vng. V vy Tn Quyn c th che giu s sc so ca mnh, hoc i lc mi l ra. Trn Th ni: Tn Quyn c s k ti ca Cu Tin, c th l nguyn nhn . Cng tc l, c im ca Tn Quyn l anh v ho hng li c ti che giu nhn nhn. Xem ra, Tn Quyn cn l ngi c sc hp dn, nhng nh vy l cha . Hng V, Vin Thiu cng c sc hp dn, nhng v sao li khng thnh cng? V khng bit dng ngi. Tn Quyn thnh cng v Tn Quyn bit dng ngi. Vy, Tn Quyn c c im g lc dng ngi? Tp th bn mi nhm: TNH TRI HN BIN To Tho, Tn Quyn, Lu B, Gia Ct Lng l ngi lnh o ch yu thi Tam Quc. c im ca h l bit dng ngi, v vy mi c mi ngi ng h, to nn th chn vc. Nhng tc phong v cch lm ca tng ngi l khc nhau. Vy c im ca Tn Quyn l g? Tc phong ca Tn Quyn biu hin mt no? V c hnh thnh nh th no, y cha? tp trc, chng ta ni s qua v con ng thnh cng ca Tn Quyn. y, chng ta nhn thy nguyn nhn v mt sch lc chnh tr v t cht con ngi Tn Quyn, tc l lng c ch ln, khng l s sc bn, hiu i bit th, co c dui c. Nh li Triu T - s thn nc Ng, tc l hng lc. Nhng y ch l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn khin Tn Quyn thnh cng. Mun ni tng i ton din e phi dng tm ch trong li bnh Ng ch truyn ca Trn Th l Un mnh nhn nhc, s dng k hay. Trn Th cho rng, v th nn Tn Quyn mi c th c chim Giang ng (t chim Giang Biu), hnh thnh th chn vc. Cng tc l ni, Tn Quyn thnh cng v c ba nguyn nhn: nhn nhc vi trng trch, tc tr a mu, kho bit dng ngi. Hai nguyn nhn u, t nhiu ni tp trc. tp ny, chng ta ni ti cch dng ngi ca Tn Quyn. Chng ta u bit, Tam Quc l thi i nhn ti nh my gi gp g. To Tho, Tn Quyn, Lu B, Gia Ct Lng l nhng ngi lnh o ch yu ca thi Tam Quc v u l nhng ngi gii dng ngi. ng nh li Triu Dc ni trong Nh thp nh s trt k, nhn ti thnh nht thi Tam Quc, ch ca thi Tam Quc u bit dng ngi, nn c nhiu ngi ng h, mi thnh c th chn vc. Nu cn c bng xp th t (ch l vic dng ngi; khng phi nh gi ton din) th To Tho l ngi xp hng u. To Tho gii dng ngi, tng ni ting thi . Tn Quyn ni v cch dng ngi ca To Tho T xa t c. Tn Quyn ni vi Gia Ct Lng nh vy, mun ni, To Ngy ngy mt sa st Phi so vi Tho, vn ln khng bng, nay Du khng bng Phi, do Phi khng bng Tho vy. Nhng Tn Quyn nh gi To Tho li rt nghim khc. Theo Tam quc ch - Gia Ct Cn truyn, Tn

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Quyn ni vi Gia Ct Lng, To Tho c phn qu ng khi st pht (dng st pht l hi qu); v phn li gin thn tnh ct nhc th thc khc lit (li gin ct nhc ngi khc qu khc lit). Cn nh vic dng ngi (Khanh tng), xa nay t thy (t xa t c). Li ca Tn Quyn c th ni li. Ni To Tho st pht c phn qu ng l khng ng, phi ni l rt qu ng. Bn thn Tn Quyn cng git ngi, nn ni nh vy. Cn vic nh gi cch dng ngi ca To Tho, cn phi ni cng bng khch quan, v y l cuc chuyn tr gia nhng ngi trong nh vi nhau, khng cn phi nnh b To Tho - va l k th va l k st nhn. V Tn Quyn cng l ch nhn cng bit dng ngi, vic g phi c tng bc ngi khc? Trn thc t, mc dng ngi ca Tn Quyn cng ch di To Tho. Trong Lu B truyn, ngi Trng Tc Diu cng ni, o dng ngi ca Tn Quyn cao hn Lu B. Ngay nh nc ch cng khng th khng bi phc Tn Quyn gii dng ngi. Vo thng chn, nin hiu Hong V th III (Cng nguyn nm 224), lc thng lnh i qun chun b nh Ng, To Phi tng ng trn b Trng Giang m cm thn y c ngi ti, cha th ly c, ri cho lui qun. Trong Tam quc ch - Ng ch truyn c ghi li ny. Cng vy, khi Gia Ct Lng ni v sao khng th tr mt vi ng Ng, mt trong nhng l do l ngi ti qu ng, ngi ngi tp mc. Xem li ch dn Hn Tn Xun Thu ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Gia Ct Lng truyn. Tp mc l ho mc. ngi ti qu ng, ngi ngi tp mc l ngi ti cht nch, trn di cng lng cng c. l c im thi u ca tp on Tn Quyn (thi cui th ngc li, sau ny s ni). Hn na, nhn ti l th h ca Tn Quyn nhiu khng k ht. V v tng, sau Chu Du c L Tc, sau L Tc c L Mng, sau L Mng c Lc Tn, v nng lc trnh , trn di gn nh nhau. Lc Tn vn v ton ti. V vn thn c Trng Chiu, C Ung, Gia Ct Cn, B Trc, mt thi ni danh. Thc k l, v sao ng Ng li c sc ht mnh nh vy? ng nhin, nguyn nhn c nhiu mt nhng khng nh rng, mt trong nhng nguyn nhn quan trng l Tn Quyn gii dng ngi. V sao Tn Quyn li gii dng ngi? Phi ni th ny, Tn Quyn hiu rt nhiu ngi ti nc khc v rt mun c h. V d Tn Quyn tng on rng mt khi Gia Ct Lng qua i th Dng Nghi v Ngy Din tt s nhiu lon, chuyn ny ni trong tp Ho t bn trong. Tn Quyn tr chuyn vi Ph Y; Tn Quyn rt tn thng Ph Y. Ln u Ph Y sang s nc Ng, Tn Quyn rt xem trng, theo Tam quc ch - Ph Y truyn, lc vi thn phn l Chiu tn hiu y, Ph Y sang s nc Ng, theo l Tn Quyn m tic khon i. Tn Quyn vn l ngi gii n gii ni (tnh tnh vui v), bt u nhng cu chuyn vui (ht sc tro lng). Bn th h ca Tn Quyn nh Gia Ct Khc,

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ngi ngi mm mp gh gm. Kt qu ba tic thnh ni ci ct khng dt, v phn Ph Y vn p li bng nhng li y l l, ngha tnh chn thnh. Tn Quyn v cng tn thng, ni vi Ph Y, trn i ny, ngi l ngi c ti y (thin h hin minh) nht nh s tr thnh rng ct ca nc Thc (tt l by ti ch cht ca triu Thc), t nay e s kh c gp li. Ph Y u li vi qun nho ra sao, khng thy ghi trong Ph Y truyn. Nhng li ch dn Khc bit truyn ca Bi Tng Chi trong Gia Ct Khc truyn c ghi, cn l chuyn vui cha tng nghe. Nghe ni lc Ph Y vo phng tic, mi ngi ang ci u n ung, ring Tn Quyn ng dy ra n, trc Tn Quyn vy gi Ph Y. Va gp mt, Ph Y c bn cu th: Phng hong bay ln, k ln vt v. La kia v tri, mi n nhng g. Nh vy, bn pha ng Ng cn mt mi no na! Th ri Gia Ct Khc cng c lun my cu: Thch trng Ng ng, ch n phng hong. C con chim s, cng n ln l. Sao khng bn ngay, chn c ui v, coi l s tr ming. y, Ph Y ch ci ct qun thn ng Ng (h cng ng b nh vy) v vn gi s din cho Tn Quyn (k ln vt v), v cch iu r rng l hay hn Gia Ct Khc. Loi Khu thu chin nh th ny l chuyn thng tnh trong lch s ngoi giao ca Ng - Thc, khng tr ngi g n tnh cm bang giao gia hai nc. y ch l mt bng hoa, khng phi l ni dung m phm ngoi giao. S Ng Ph Y nht nh s cn nhiu biu hin tinh t hn, Tn Quyn ht sc tn thng. Theo ch dn Ph bit truyn ca Bi Tng Chi trong Ph Y truyn, Tn Quyn cn tng lun c bo ao cm trong tay. Mt vic lm ht sc tnh cm. Trung Quc xa c cu ni, bo ao tng lit s, hng ct bn cho ngi snh. Qun nhn tng nhau v kh, bc u coi nhau nh ho hn. Hung chi mt nguyn th quc gia tng s thn nc ngoi v tng phm li l th v kh eo trn ngi. iu bao hm rt nhiu ngha: l knh trng, tn thng, tn nhim. Ph Y v cng xc ng. Ph Y ni, thn ti c g m c coi trng nhng y? C iu, ao, dng nh k cha phc, cm bo lon, vy cung knh khng bng tun lnh. Mong i vng xy dng nghip ln, cng hng vi Hn tht. Thn tuy ngu mui, nhng nht nh s khng ph s trng i ca i vng. y, chng ta thy r c im dng ngi ca Tn Quyn, tc l bng tnh cm. Vi mi hai ch, ti c th khi qut c c im dng ngi ca nhng v lnh o ch yu trong thi Tam Quc (bao gm c Gia Ct Lng, thc th ch l ht nhn lnh o, khng phi qun ch): Tho ly tr, Quyn ly tnh, B ly ngha, Lng ly php. Tc l, To Tho da vo tr tu, Tn Quyn da vo tnh cm, Lu B da vo ngha kh, Gia Ct Lng da vo php ch. V, chnh v Gia Ct Lng cng khai, cng minh, cng bng tr nc theo php, dng ngi theo php, v vy trong chnh ph

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mi khng c quan li tham (li khng dung gian), ai ny cn mn, qun mnh v cng vic (cn phi qun mnh). C th ni, chnh ph ca Gia Ct Lng ging chnh ph nht. Chnh ph ca To Tho, Tn Quyn, Lu B khng ra mt chnh ph. To Tho c cht ging nh xa lng, Lu B hi ging bang hi, cng l mun ca h. Bi v To Tho, Lu B v c Tn Quyn na, u l mt qu trnh t khng n c, t nh n ln, t qun phit n vng. Tng ng vi , b h ca h cng c mt qu trnh din bin, trc l tng qun mc ph, sau ny mi l triu nh vng. Mc ph mang nhiu sc thi c nhn. Quan tnh cch th no th mc ph cng c phong cch tng t. Tho ly tr nn mc ph ta nh xa lng; B ly ngha, ng nhin mc ph ging bang hi, cng ging nh ci bang. Vy, mc ph ca Tn Quyn l th no? Ging mt gia nh. Trng Chiu l trng ph, Chu Du l huynh trng. a v trng ph ca Trng Chiu c xc nh ngay t thi Tn Sch, chng ta ni ti trong tp Giang ng c nghip. Chu Du t b ch chi bi hu ho vi mt mnh Tn Sch, hai ngi tng thng ng bi mu, v cng ho hp, l anh em keo sn. V sau, m Tn Quyn l Ng phu nhn dn d, ta coi Chu Du nh con rut (coi nh con), mun Tn Quyn phi gi Chu Du l anh (ngi cng anh lo vic), trong tp tr gia dng nc, chng ta ni ti. Chu Du cng Tn Quyn thn nh ngi nh, cng L Tc thn nh anh em, v vy Tn Quyn cng thn tnh vi L Tc. Thc t th L Tc chy sang vi Tn Quyn, Tn Quyn chu cp cho m L Tc qun o, chn mn, dng sinh hot, ging nh chu i vi thm vy. Vic ny c ghi trong L Tc truyn, cn L Tc th sao? nhn m L Mng l m, L Tc v L Mng khc g anh em. Vic ny c ghi trong L Mng truyn. L Mng v L Tc l anh em, L Tc v Chu Du l anh em, Chu Du v Tn Quyn l anh em, nn gi l g? Anh em lin hon. Cng ging nh bn pha Lu B, thn nh anh em, trng tnh trng ngha. Ni chung l, Lu B trng ngha hn, Tn Quyn trng tnh hn. C th y l s khc bit trong vn ho Nam v Bc. Ngi min Nam trng tnh, ngi min Bc trng ngha. V vy, quan h gia Lu B v Quan V, Trng Phi, trc sau xuyn sut qua ch ngha, bn pha Tn Quyn th tnh cm l mu sc nng hu nht. Trong Chu Du truyn ni, lc Chu Du qua i, Tn Quyn mc tang phc c l tang, ngi ngi u cm ng, Tn Quyn n tn Vu H nhn linh cu. Mi v sau, Tn Quyn khng th qun c Chu Du, ni Chu Du c cng nh bi To Tho, ot Kinh chu, v vy c nh Cng Cn, l no qun c ( l s hm n, nh chuyn c, tnh cm v cng).

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Tn Quyn i vi L Tc, L Mng cng vy. Theo L Tc truyn, lc L Tc qua i, Tn Quyn c ai v tham gia chn ct. L Mng truyn ni, lc L Mng bnh nng, Tn Quyn n L Mng vo trong in, tm danh y khp ni n cu cha. Lc , bnh ca L Mng phi c chm cu. Mi ln kim chm, Tn Quyn u thy au n (khi chm kim, Quyn thy au n). Tn Quyn mun xem sc thi ca L Mng nh th no, nhng li s nh vy L Mng phi hnh l, phi vt v, nh phi chc l trn tng, ln nhn sang. Thy L Mng n c cht g th Tn Quyn mt my rng r. Nu L Mng khng n c, Tn Quyn lin th ngn than di, sut m trn trc. Th chng phi nh i vi ngi thn sao? B ba ca Tn Quyn u c cm gic , t ra cng c nh Chu Du. Chu Du ni quan h ca mnh vi Tn Quyn ngoi l ngha vua ti, trong l tnh ct nhc. l li Chu Du ni vi Tng Cn. Theo ch dn Giang Biu truyn ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Chu Du truyn, Tng Cn p ngi, ti mo song ton, c nghi dung, ti bin lun, c vng Giang Hoi khng ai b kp, Tng Cn ngi Cu Giang, Chu Du L Giang. By gi Cu Giang v L Giang u thuc Dng chu, hai ngi coi l ng hng. ng hng gp ng hng, hai mt a l. To Tho lin c Tng Cn lm thuyt khch. Theo T tr thng gim, thi gian c th l vo nm Kin An th XIV, khng th c ci gi l o sch. C th l sau tht bi trn chin Xch Bch, To Tho bit Chu Du l nhn vt li hi, mi c bng sch phn, mun Tng Cn n li ko Chu Du. Chu Du bit r bng d ca To Tho. V vy, lc Tng Cn va n doanh tri, Chu Du ng ca ci m ln, ni: T Dc thc vt v! ng s xa xi ti y, lm thuyt khch cho To Tho phi khng? Ba hm sau, Chu Du cn a Tng Cn i tham quan v m tic khon i. Trong tic, Chu Du ni vi Tng Cn, nam t hn i trng phu thc kh c c ngi ch tri k, c th ngoi l ngha qun thn, trong l tnh ct nhc, cng nhau lo liu, ho phc cng hng. C c bui qun thn gp g nh vy th ngang nh Trng Nghi, T Tn, L Thc sng li, Chu Du cn s vai Tng Cn, ci h h t chi Tng Cn (s vo vai, ct li ni), hung chi l tc h? Tng Cn bit l khng lay chuyn c Chu Du, nn ch vui v m khng ni g c (chi ci v khng ni). Sau khi tr v, Tng Cn ni vi To Tho, Chu Du l ngi khoan dung i lng, phm hnh cao thng (nh lng rt cao), khng h li gin bng my li hoa m, gio hot (khng th li gin bng li), cho qua vic ny. ng nhin, Chu Du nh lng rt cao, nhng Tn Quyn biu hin tnh nh ct nhc. R rng, khng phi mi ngi u c cm nhn ca Chu Du. Chng phi l trong mt gia nh, mt gia tc cng lun c s thn s, xa cch hay sao? Lc ny Tn Quyn hnh thnh phong cch dng ngi nh vy, cng l chuyn thng,

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bi v chnh quyn ng Ng ca Tn Quyn vn l mt cng ty gia tc. Tn Quyn, t b ln ln trong cng ty , cng vi s tng lnh Hoi T vo sinh ra t, kt ni tnh hu ngh su sc rt t nhin. Hung chi tp on Tn th khi cng ch l mt i ng, khng phi vng triu, khng c g l phc tp, nhiu v. (Chu Du truyn ni lc Tn Quyn thay th ch tng, tn khch cng lm l n gin) thn nh ngi nh, khng c g l l. Lc c Tam quc ch, chng ta lun pht hin thy Tn Quyn thng ung ru vui v vi qun thn, c th l tnh hnh lc sng nghip cn ri rt li. iu kh thy l Tn Quyn li c th a tnh cm vo trong lnh vc chnh tr. V d sau y ni r iu . Theo Tam quc ch - Chu Thi truyn, vo nm Kin An th XVIII (Cng nguyn nm 213), To Tho lui qun v Nhu Tu khu. Tn Quyn nhim mnh Chu Thi, mt ngi xut thn bn tin l Bnh L tng qun ra trn gi vng , Chu Nhin v T Thnh l ph. Tn Quyn bit l Chu Nhin v T Thnh khng phc, nn mi mn c i tun st, yn tic vi ch tng. Tn Quyn ln lt rt ru cho tng ngi. Lc n trc mt Chu Thi, Tn Quyn bo Chu Thi ci o ra, mi ngi khng hiu, ging mt nhn. Th ra trn ngi Chu Thi y nhng vt thng, khng cn ch no lnh ln. Tn Quyn ch tay vo tng vt thng v hi l do. Chu Thi ln lt tr li tng b thng nhng chin trng no. Theo ch dn Giang Biu truyn ca Bi Tng Chi, lc Tn Quyn khc. Tn Quyn m Chu Thi, ming gi tn cng cm, u Bnh i u Bnh, ngi liu mng chin u v anh em c! Sao c li khng th coi ngi nh anh em thn thit (sao c li khng i khanh nh tnh ct nhc), sao li khng th giao ngi trng trch (u khanh nm trng quyn binh m)? C yn tm, ng v xut thn ngho hn m e ngi (ng v ngho hn m chn bc), c v ngi c tnh thn thch, vinh nhc cng chu (c v khanh cng vinh nhc, nh thn thch)! Mi ngi u khm phc, k c Chu Nhin v T Thnh. Tn Quyn ly tnh ct nhc x s vi cc tng lnh Hoi T, nhng ngi cng Tn Sch ginh giang sn nh Chu Du, Chu Thi, x s vi nhiu ngi khc nh Gia Ct Cn. Theo Tam quc ch - Gia Ct Cn truyn. Trc trn chin Di Lng, Gia Ct Cn l anh Gia Ct Lng tng c th khuyn Lu B lui qun. C ngi phao tin ni Gia Ct Cn thng vi nc ngoi. V theo li ch dn Giang Biu truyn ca Bi Tng Chi, s vic tr nn m (truyn ra ngoi), ngay nh Lc Tn cng cm thy kh chu, kin ngh Tn Quyn tm cch dp tt tin n. Tn Quyn mt mt ni r, C v T Du c li th sng cht bn nhau, T Du s khng phn c, c cng vy khng h phn T Du. ng thi Tn Quyn cn c th gi Lc Tn, c v T Du nhiu nm tnh nh ct nhc, hiu r T Du l ngi khng lm iu tri o, khng ni li phi ngha. Nh nm no khi ngi Khng Minh sang s nc ta, c mun T Du gi Gia Ct Lng li (chc ph i phng), c ni vi T Du, em phi theo anh, xa nay vn vy! Nu Khng Minh ng thun, c s ni r vi Lu Huyn c. Bit T Du

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ni g khng? T Du ni, x theo Lu D Chu th s khng hai lng. X s khng li u, ging nh ti h s khng bao gi chy sang vi Lu D Chu. Thy cha, lng thnh c thn thnh chng gim! V vy, c trao ht s th co gic cho T Du. L th ny ca khanh c cng s gi i, T Du l thn giao, s khng c li ng mt no li gin ni. R rng l dng ngi th khng nghi ng. cng l nguyn tc c bn trong cch dng ngi. Nhng Tn Quyn c iu hay ring ca mnh, tc l ngn hnh theo k v tnh nh ct nhc. Tn Quyn vi Gia Ct Cn l tnh nh ct nhc, vi Chu Du, Chu Thi tnh nh ct nhc, mc ph tng qun ca Tn Quyn l no cn khc mt gia nh? Tn Quyn tn nhim ngoi l tnh ra (bit i phng v tn nhim) cn c c tnh cm na. Lc Tn Quyn biu l tnh cm vi Gia Ct Cn, l no nhng ngi khc li khng cm nhn c nhng tnh cm ? V mt khi tt c u cm nhn c, li khng bn bin u l anh em sao? Thc t c ngi t nc khc, v cm ng trc tnh cm ca Tn Quyn m sau ny tr thnh trng thn ca Tn Quyn nh Phan Tun. Phan Tun vn l ngi ca Lu B, l mt vin quan nh. Lc Quan V b git theo Tn Quyn. Theo li ch dn Giang Biu truyn ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Phan Tun truyn, lc quan li Kinh chu u quy thun Tn Quyn, ring Phan Tun co bnh khng gp, thc t l khng chu u hng. Sau khi bit chuyn, Tn Quyn sai ngi n mi, cho nm ln ging khnh ra tn ni. Phan Tun ci u, nm bt ng, nn au thng, nc mt gin gia. Tn Quyn gi tn Phan Tun, thm hi an i (c li u lo), cn cho ngi ly khn lau nc mt cho. Phan Tun v cng cm ng, sau ny ht lng ph t Tn Quyn. Nhn y ni thm, sau ny ln na Phan Tun li cm ng, nh chuyn ca Gia Ct Cn, c ngi t co, nhng vn c Tn Quyn tn nhim nh c. Vic dng ngi ca Tn Quyn cn nhiu iu hay, cng ging To Tho, dng ngi khng cu n, khng nhn gia cnh, khng nhn thn phn, b qua on th, c c ti l dng. Nh B Trc Trng da t cung t cp, Hn Trch i i lm nng nghip, Trn Biu thuc chi th tng gia, Trng Lng cha tng bit ting, Lu C l con ca k th, Cam Ninh l tng ca nc th ch, Lng Thng hay git ngi, H Tng Th coi ru nh mnh, Tn Quyn u s dng ht kh nng ca tng ngi. Ngoi ra Tn Quyn cn bit nghe li can gin, bit t xt v mnh, chng khc g To Tho. Cn mt im na hai ngi cng kh ging nhau, nhng u im ca h thng bc ra t sm, thi k u; sau ny thc kh ni. Nhng nm cui, Tn Quyn khng cn tnh ct nhc vi qun thn, ngay c vi ngi nh cng vy. Tn Quyn c c thy by con trai. Con u l Tn ng, th hai l Tn L, th ba l Tn Ho, th t l

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Tn B, th nm l Tn Phn, th su l Tn Hu, th by l Tn Lng. Tn ng nhim thi t, cht trc mt Tn Quyn, c coi l phm ti khng qu ln. Tn L mt lc hai mi tui c coi l v ti. Tn Hu l hong th ba ca nc Ng, ngi c su nm th mt lc ba mi tui, ch hiu l Cnh hong , c coi l c ti. Nhng hong hu v hai ngi con ca Tn Hu u b Tn Ho git rt thm. l chuyn sau ny. Thm nht l bn ngi khc. Ngi con th ba l Tn Ho (ngi th hai l thi t) v ngi th t l Tn B (L vng), v tranh ginh nn mt ngi b ph (Tn Ho), mt ngi b ban cho cht (Tn B). Tn Ho khng ch b ph v sau cn b git bi quyn thn Tn Tun (l chu Tn Tnh v l em Tn Kin). Ngi con th nm l Tn Phn, sau ny cng b Tn Ho git cht. Ngi con th by l Tn Lng lm hong lc mi tui. Nm mi su tui b quyn thn lt , sau ny b Hong th ba (cng l ngi anh) Tn Hu bc cht hoc u c. Tn Hu git em l Tn Lng, cn hong hu v con ca mnh li b Tn Ho l con ca anh trai Tn Ho git cht. Ni xem, nh th l th no? Cha git con (Tn Quyn git Tn B), anh git em (Tn Hu git Tn Lng), chu git ch (Tn Ho git Tn Phn), Tn tht git hong tc (Tn Tun git Tn Ho), l tnh ct nhc chng? Khng! L ct nhc git ln nhau. l vic trong gia nh. Li ni ti vic triu nh. Tnh hnh triu nh Tn Quyn v sau ra sao? Qun vng c bng nghi k, qun thn lo lng kinh hi. V sao vy? V lc ny Tn Quyn bt u thng tr bng c v. Gia nhng nm Gia Ho (Cng nguyn nm 232 n nm 237), tc l sau lc Tn Quyn 51 tui, Tn Quyn bt u tn nhim quan hiu s l L Nht. Hiu s cn gi l in hiu, hiu to, hiu lang, hiu quan. To Ngy, v Tn Quyn u c loi quan ny. Theo li gii thch trong Tam quc ch tuyn ch th ngi ny l tai mt ca Hong , theo di vic lm v li ni ca qun dn, ni thng ra l c v. L Nht l c v v l c v in cung nht C Ung truyn ni: Hu dit i thn, hi ngi v c - B Trc truyn ni: Bi lng tm vt, vu co trng ti. Nhng Tn Quyn li nghe L, kt qu triu nh u thy nguy cp. Theo Tam quc ch - Th Nghi truyn, mt ln L Nht vu co iu Gia nguyn l thi th Giang h, ph bng triu nh. Tn Quyn lp tc ni gin, h ngc iu Gia, tra xt ng ng. Nhng ngi lin ly u rt s, u ni iu Gia cng kch c c triu nh, ch c Th Nghi ni khng nghe thy. Tn Quyn cng gin, bc hi cng gp, tt c s hi n ht hi (qun thn s hi khng dm th), Th Nghi ni, dao k c ti cn di tr g na? Khng nghe th bo l khng nghe, vy thi! Lc ny Tn Quyn mi th iu Gia. Kh m tng tng ni, nu khng c Th Nghi th v duyn v c mt ci u na la khi c!

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Thc t th sau ny Tn Quyn qu mn cm, nghi thn nghi qu, bun vui tht thng. Nh danh s Ngu Phin sut na b Tn Quyn git, ch v trong tic dm gi v say (xem Tam quc ch - Ngu Phin truyn). Thi t thi ph Trng n trc khi sang s nc Thc, Tn Quyn rt coi trng. Sau khi v nc, khng hiu v sao Tn Quyn sinh nghi, nghi Trng n t thng vi nc ngoi, cn ghen t v ngi ny danh ting qu ln v cho rng khng th dng c na ri bng trm phng ngn k tm ra s h tr. Nhn c v n lin can n Trng n, Tn Quyn cho bt Trng n giam vo i ngc, sau th trng pht bng cch cho lm lao dch huyn nh (xem Tam quc ch - Trng n truyn). So vi lc tr; thi k u hay tnh nh ct nhc th Tn Quyn lc ny nh bin thnh ngi khc. V vy trong Tam Quc s thoi tu bt, ngi Nghim Lnh ni, e Tn Quyn mc bnh si, bnh ng ngn ca ngi gi. ng nhin l li ni a. ng sau chuyn ca Ngu Phin, Trng n cn c nguyn nhn chnh tr v cng phc tp, sau ny s ni t m hn. Nhng ch qun ch vn l nguyn nhn c bn. Ch qun ch l ch gia trng m rng, Tn Quyn c tc phong gia trng in hnh. Nhng ngi ny lun coi mnh l c tn, thng tr mt vi mi ngi. Trn thc t, ci gi l hng lc chi ch xa nay vn th, nht l vo nhng nm cui cng. Nh To Tho, Lu Bang v c Cu Tin trc kia u l vy. Trn Th ni trong li bnh v Ng ch truyn, Tn Quyn anh ti k l nh Cu Tin, mt li m c hai mt. Thc tnh th Tn Quyn rt ging Cu Tin, c th nhn nhn gnh vc, cng c th tr mt vi ngi khc. l c im chung ca loi ngi ny, mc d h mt ngi l Vit vng, mt ngi l Ng . Hung h, con ngi Tn Quyn rt hay nghi ng, Trn Th ni tnh a nghi, a git chc, cng v cui i li cng nghim trng (cng v sau cng tr nn nghim trng). Khng c g l l. Bt k s vt no cng c hai mt, bt k c im no cng nh dao hai li. Tn Quyn rt trng tnh cm, nhng ngi ta a tnh th hay a nghi, tnh tri lun i i vi hn bin. Tnh su hn cng nng, v vy Tnh nh ct nhc v a git chc ch l hai mt sp nga ca ng tin. V vy Tn Quyn tr nn gh gm, cng l hp l, k c vic Tn Quyn lnh nht vi Trng Chiu, bc cht Lc Tn. V sao hai v trng thn ny b i ng bt cng n nh vy? Tp th bn mi su: I NGI NNG LNH Trng Chiu v Lc Tn l hai v trng thn ca Tn Quyn, tng lp cng ln cho Tn Quyn. Nhng cui i hai ngi li khng may. Trng Chiu b lnh nht, Lc Tn b bc t. Vy ng sau s kin ny c nguyn nhn chnh tr hoc bi cnh

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thi i no chng? Hy t i ngi nng lnh ca Trng Chiu v Lc Tn xem c nhn ra c iu g khng? tp trc chng ta bn ti cch dng ngi ca Tn Quyn. Bn ti vn ny khng th khng ni ti Trng Chiu v Lc Tn. Chng ta u bit, v tng quan trng nht l Chu Du, L Tc, L Mng, Lc Tn; vn thn quan trng nht l Trng Chiu, C Ung. C iu ba v trc tui th khng nhiu. Chu Du 36 tui; L Tc 46 tui; L Mng 42 tui. Tui th ca Trng Chiu v Lc Tn tng i di, Trng Chiu 81 tui, Lc Tn 63 tui. Nhng hai ngi ny v cui i li khng may, thm ch c th ni Lc Tn cht khng phi do mnh. Phn trc ni, Tn Quyn l ngi lun trng tnh ngha, lun lun th hin tnh ct nhc vi ngi khc. Vy v sao Tn Quyn li x s vi Trng Chiu v Lc Tn nh vy? Ni v Trng Chiu trc. Trng Chiu l i cng thn ca Tn Quyn. Nh li nm nu Trng Chiu khng cng qun thn th ph t th a v ca Tn Quyn khng th vng c. Trng Chiu cn l i qun gia ca Tn Quyn. Nu nm khng thu xp n tho mi vic trong cng nh ngoi th vic ca Tn Quyn khng thnh. Lc Tn Quyn va thay th, Trng Chiu dng biu ln triu nh (dng biu ln Hn tht), ban b cng vn ti cc qun, huyn (di n thuc thnh), cn mnh lnh cc thuc tng, quan vin phi c mt v tr (trong ngoi tng hiu, tt c ti chc), c khc g mt t tng? V vy, lc Tn Quyn xng , gn nh mi ngi u coi Trng Chiu l t tng (mi ngi bn l Chiu) kt qu Tn Quyn li b nhim Tn Thiu. Tn Thiu ngi Bc Hi. Lc Khng Dung lm tng Bc Hi, Tn Thiu l cng to ca Khng Dung, v sau li theo Lu Do xung pha nam, l tn khch Tn Quyn, nhng cha h c cng hin g t xut, ti hoa cng cha thy, ch bit Khng Dung gi Tn Thiu l ngi gi miu, nhng cng chng c mt chng c no. Mi ngi ly lm kh hiu khi thy Tn Thiu l tha tng. Theo Tam quc ch - Trng Chiu truyn, Tn Quyn gii thch, nay nhiu vic, chc ln th trch nhim cng ln. Nu Trng cng l tha tng th cn g l u i (khng phi l u i), v sau khi Tn Thiu mt, mi ngi li tin c Trng Chiu (trm quan li c Chiu). Tn Quyn li khng ng , m ct c C Ung vo vic. Trng Chiu vn hy vng c th lm c vic g ln lao th kt qu l khng c vic, nh phi ngi vit my cun, nh Xun Thu T th truyn gii v Lun Ng ch. Thc k l, v sao Tn Quyn ht ln ny n ln khc khng theo mi ngi, khng Trng Chiu lm tha tng? C nhiu cch ni. Th nht, Tn Quyn l k vong n bi ngha. Con ngi Tn Quyn l nh vy. Tam Quc s ca ngi M Thc Kit ni Tn Quyn bc tnh vi Tn Sch. Tn Sch khng c truy tn l (ch c l Trng Sa Hon vng), con trai ch c phong hu. Trn Th cng thy bt

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bng v chuyn . tp trc ti ni Tn Quyn nh c, hm n, nhng nu quan st k th ch l cu ni ca ming. Sau khi Chu Du, L Tc, L Mng qua i th con chu h u khng c thng tin, c ba nh u khng tr thnh i tc, th chng phi l tnh nh n s sao? C iu gii thch nh vy cha phi l hay. Bi v lc ny Trng Chiu vn cn, u phi ngi va i th tr ngui. V vy, th hai, Tn Quyn hn Trng Chiu. C th l, nm Trng Chiu ch trng hng To. Tn Quyn khng qun c iu ny. Trong tp Lc cn sng gi, lc ng c, Tn Quyn ni vi Trng Chiu, nu nm trm nghe li ng th khng bit by gi s phi i n xin u! Trng Chiu ph phc di t, m hi ra t c o. R rng Tn Quyn hn Trng Chiu, ng nhin s khng Trng Chiu lm tha tng. Ti liu ny c Bi Tng Chi ghi trong Trng Chiu truyn Quyn xung tn hiu, Chiu ni bnh tt hon tr quan v. Li ni lin h hai s kin lm mt, l l y , t r rng. Chng phi ng mun trm phi hng To Tho? Nu trm hng To th lm g cn Hong m xng? Trm khng l Hong th ng c g lm tha tng? V c bn ng khng th l tha tng th lc ny cng khng nn lm! Khng ch khng th l tha tng m mi quan v, quyn lc cng nn giao ht ra (v danh ngha Trng Chiu tr li). V sao vy? C ch y ri s tnh n sau! C iu, s bo th hoc c tm nh vy ch cn mt ln l . Hung chi sau trn chin Xch Bch, lc c th d hng Tn Quyn, To Tho ghi tn Trng Chiu vo s en, coi nh ti danh nnh To ca Trng Chiu c ra sch. Vy, nu Trng Chiu xng vi chc tha tng, th lc Tn Quyn qua i, sao Trng Chiu khng l tha tng? C ngi ni, Tn Quyn khng hn m l s Trng Chiu. y l cch ni th ba. Trn Th bnh cui thin Trng Chiu truyn ni, v nghim m s, v cao m xa, tc l nghim khc m m s, a v cao m xa dn. V vy, khng ch khng l tha tng m ngay n cc chc thi s, thi ph, thi bo cng khng. Trn Th ni c l. Trng Chiu nghim khng? Nghim. Chng ta u bit, theo Tam quc ch - Ng ch truyn, lc thay th, Tn Quyn Trng Chiu l s ph. V vy, Trng Chiu c nhng yu cu cht ch vi Tn Quyn v thi rt nghim. Trng Chiu ngh tht n gin, chng phi ng c ta lm s ph sao? V vy ta phi x s nh mt ngi thy. V vy Trng Chiu lun mun qun Tn Quyn. Trng Chiu truyn ni, Tn Quyn thch ci nga sn bn, t mnh bn h d (ni nh T ng Pha t bn h, nhn Tn lang). Nh vy thc nguy him, tng c chuyn h xng ti cn vo yn nga. Trng Chiu mt bin sc, bc ln ni, sao tng qun li lm vy? L qun vng cn khng ch anh hng, khng phi l tun

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m, cn i ph vi k th, khng phi l d th. Vn nht xy ra chuyn g chng phi thin h ci ch! Tn Quyn nh nhn sai, ni mnh cn tr cha hiu vic, nhng trong lng li cm thy xu h. Chng xy ra my ln nh vy. Tn Quyn c nhn sai, nhng khng h sa. Vn c bn h d, c iu khng ci nga m i xe. Tn Quyn cho th lm ring mt c xe bn h, ngi trn xe m bn tn. D vy, mnh h vn c xng ti, Tn Quyn ly vic u vi h lm vui. ng nhin l Trng Chiu li qun, li ni. Tn Quyn nh quen, ch yn lng v ci (thng ci v khng p). y chng ta li c cm gic mc ph tng qun Tn Quyn nh mt gia nh. i thc Trng Chiu nh mt b gi, Tn Quyn ging mt a chu ngang bng kh bo, c iu chu l ng ch cn i thc l ngi lm cng. C th nh vy lm ch. i qun gia cu thc cu c, trong lch s khng phi l khng c. Vn l chu cng ln cng mnh v vai tr ng ch cng cng ln, cui cng ln lm Hong , tt phi b mi quan h . Nhng Trng Chiu vn mun nh c. Mt ln Tn Quyn by tic ln i Lm Cu, V Xng (nay l th trn Ngc chu, H Bc). Mi ngi say tu lu, Tn Quyn vn cha thi, sai ngi ht nc vo mt qun thn ni, hm nay khng say ng xung i th cha c. Trng Chiu nghe vy khng ni g, xu mt, chy thng ra ngi ln xe bn ngoi m ru r. Tn Quyn cho ngi ra mi, chng phi hm nay vui lm sao? V sao Trng cng phi tc gin? Trng Chiu ni, nm no u Tr vng cng m h ru ung c m, cng rt vui, c g l khng tt. Tn Quyn khng cn g ni li, nh phi tuyn b bi tic. Tip n Trn Th ni: Lc u, Quyn nh chn tha tng, mi ngi u ni l Chiu. K nh vy ch lm vui. Thc t th, Trn Th ni chuyn i Lm Cu trc, ni chuyn chn tha tng sau l mun gii cu v sao Trng Chiu khng lm c tha tng. mun ni, s d Trng Chiu khng c lm tha tng v Trng Chiu qun vic qu cht, qu nghim. Ngoi ra, Trng Chiu a v cng cao th tnh tnh cng cng nhc. C l l nghim qu nn s, cao qu nn xa dn! ng vy, Trng Chiu trnh rt cao, nng lc rt mnh, t cch ng hong, c nhiu cng lao, nn li ni vic lm u rt uy nghim (sc mt nghim ngh, c uy phong). Ngay nh Tn Quyn cng khng dm tu tin tr chuyn vi Trng Chiu (c khng dm ni ba vi Trng cng). Mt ngi nh vy lm c vn th c, lm tng l th khng hp. Thc t th Tn Quyn cng ni nh vy. Ln th hai lc qun thn tin c Trng Chiu, Tn Quyn ni, hnh nh mi ngi ngh l trm khng mun dng T B? Khng phi th. Cng vic ca chc tha tng th nhiu m tnh tnh ca Trng cng li khng hay (cng qu cng). Nu Trng cng khng chu

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nghe kin ca mi ngi th on hn v sai lm li tip tc xy ra, tht khng c li cho Trng cng (khng ch g)! Vn l, Tn Quyn chn Tn Thiu c thch hp khng? C v khng thch hp. Tn Thiu khng h c mt trong Tam quc ch. Trong li ch dn Ng lc ca Bi Tng Chi qua Ng ch truyn cng ch c my cu. Nn Tn Thiu bt lun l tha tng trc hoc tha tng sau th chnh tch cng l bnh thng, c g ng ni, c g l thch hp? K thc p n l y - Tn Quyn c yu cu g c bit vi chc tha tng ca Tn Thiu. Vi s gi ca ngi in D Khnh ti kt lun nh vy. Ngi in D Khnh ni ti vn ny trong An K Dim v vn lin quan c hai cu: Trng Chiu l b ti mu lc, nhng khng cn nm ch s; Tn nm quyn ln trong tay, cng khng ring da vo Trng Chiu. mun ni, Trng Chiu khng quan trng, Tn Quyn cng khng cn chc tha tng quan trng ca Trng Chiu. Nhng ni nh vy li c v l. Tn Quyn khng hy vng chc tha tng quan trng ca Trng Chiu, Trng Chiu cng ht quan trng, vy v sao li khng th tin c Trng Chiu? Rt n gin, Trng Chiu khng quan trng v khng trc tip nm ch s (Theo ch dn Ng th ca Bi Tng Chi trong chuyn ny, Trng Chiu sau my ln ch huy my trn nh nh, khng cn l tng soi na, ch cn l mc liu cao cp). Lm tha tng, nm ch s, l no khng phi l quan trng? V vy ngi in D Khnh ni: Dng Chiu th tng quyn qu ln, Tn Quyn khng th chp nhn. mun ni, mt khi ct c Trng Chiu l tha tng th Trng Chiu quan trng, tng quyn cng quan trng. Vy chng ta mun hi: Tn Quyn khng mun Trng Chiu th mnh hay khng mun tha tng th mnh? Theo ti, c c hai quan nim . Trc ht hy ni v sao khng mong Trng Chiu th mnh. Chng ta u bit, lc Tn Quyn xng cc v lo thn, trng thn thi sng nghip cn li khng bao nhiu. Chu Du, L Tc, L Mng u mt; Gia Ct Cn, B Trc khng th snh vai cng Trng Chiu. V Trng Chiu l c mnh i thn c Tn Sch thc c, hn na Tn Sch ni: nu Trng Mu khng lm c th ngi c t ly i. y tuy l li ni lc c bit, lc thc c c bit, khng nht thit phi theo, nhng cng khng c ai tuyn b th tiu (ng nhin, khng th tiu ni). Vn nht khi vua v tng c s bt ho, Trng Chiu gi con bi ny ra th s nh th no? V vy, trong Tam quc ch ch chng di ca Chu Th Xng cho y l iu mu cht khin Trng Chiu khng c lm tha tng.

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Trn thc t Trng Chiu dm qun gio Tn Quyn cng bi c th thc c. Sau khi Trng Chiu lui v tuyn hai, Tn Quyn n thm. Trng Chiu ni, nm thi hu (l m Tn Quyn, Ng phu nhn) v Hon vng (Tn Sch) khng giao lo thn cho b h, m giao b h cho lo thn, nn lo thn mun ni g th ni v ni ht. Tic l lo thn th kch, thiu nhn xa trng rng ( ngh nng cn), lm pht lng b h (vi nghch thnh ch), t thy phn i cn li s phi cht ni ng khng mng qunh (t bit phn hm hiu, b hoi ni khe hc). Khng ng cn c th c Triu Kin (khng ng cn c gp), li c v bn b h (c hu di trng). C iu, nhng g lo thn lm c th ht lng ht sc bo p triu nh. Cn nh vic xu thi ph th, nhn gi b thuyn, lo thn khng sao lm c. t rt r rng, Hon vng thc c, thi hu di hun, khng phi giao thn cho b h m l giao b h cho thn. Ci g qun c th thn qun, ng ni ni v nn qun th no, nn ni th no thn lm . Tn Quyn khng bit ni th no, nh phi xin li (Quyn nh t t). Trng Chiu ni nh vy v lm nh vy. Thng mi nin hiu Gia Ho nm u (Cng nguyn nm 232), thi th Liu ng nc Ngy l Cng Tn Uyn dng biu xng thn ln Tn Quyn. Tn Quyn ht sc vui mng, sch phong Cng Tn Uyn l Yn vng. C triu vn v vi tha tng c Ung cm u u ni, Cng Tn Uyn l k phn phc v thng, khng tr c, nhng Tn Quyn khng nghe ai, c lm theo mnh. Trng Chiu bn lun nhiu ln, cng ni cng hng. Tn Quyn khng nhn c na, tay t ln c kim ni vi Trng Chiu, k s nc Ng chng ta vo cung bi trm, xut cung bi khanh. Trm knh trng ly l i cc h coi ! Nhng cc h khng gi s din cho trm, nhiu ln chng i trm trc mt mi ngi (nhiu ln ci trm trc chng), trm s mnh khng khc ch ni m phm sai lm (c s gi khng ni)! Trng Chiu nhn k Tn Quyn ri ni, lo thn bit c ni cng v ch. Nhng v sao vn c ni? Bi v di chc ca thi hu nh cn vng vng bn tai? My li , trc lc bng h, thi hu gi thn n bn sp m ni! Ni xong, Trng Chiu nc mt nho l. Tn Quyn nm kim i v o ln khc, qun thn hai ngi cng khc. C iu Tn Quyn khc th c khc nhng lm th c lm. Thng ging nm sau, Tn Quyn lin c hai ngi quan trng (Thi thng Trng Di, Chp kim ng Ha Yn) thng lnh vn ngi sang Liu ng. Trng Chiu tc gin, t co bnh khng ln triu. Tn Quyn cng tc gin, h lnh ly t bt kn ca nh Trng Chiu. Trng Chiu vn tnh to, cho xy tng bn trong ca. Trng Di v Ha Yn va n Liu ng b git, th cp em np cho pha To Ngy. Tn Quyn xu h, nhiu ln cho ngi n xin li Trng Chiu, Trng Chiu vn khng chu ra. Chng cn cch no khc, nhn lc ra ngoi, Tn Quyn n ca nh Trng Chiu, Trng Chiu vn khng chu ra gp. Tn Quyn rt ri nh h lnh phng ho. Ngc li,

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Trng Chiu cho gi ca cht thm na. Tn Quyn ht cch, h lnh cu ho v c ch ca. My ngi con ca Trng Chiu thy khng nn no ng thm, lin vc cha dy, a ra xe, cng Tn Quyn vo cung. Sau khi v cung, Tn Quyn xt mnh nghim khc (xem xt trch nhim), lc ny Trng Chiu mi min cng ng tham d triu hi. Cc bn ngh xem, lc ny Trng Chiu gn nh ngh m cn cng nh vy, nu lm tha tng th liu s th no? l nguyn nhn Tn Quyn khng mun Trng Chiu th mnh. Vy v sao Tn Quyn cng khng cn tha tng th mnh? Theo ti c hai nguyn nhn. Nguyn nhn mt, chnh ngi in D Khnh ni r, chnh quyn Tn Ng cn phi Giang ng ho. Lc Tn Quyn xng , thng soi vng thng du l s tc Giang ng (Lc Tn), quan vn vng gia cng cn phi Giang ng ho, nht l quan vin k bn. Nhng lc lng tng lnh Hoi T v Bc s lu vong cn rt ln. Triu ngh mun Trng Chiu l tng phn nh yu cu c chp ca h. Tn Quyn nh phi chn ngi khc lm bc qu l Tn Thiu. Nhn vt qu khng cn v khng th th mnh, l im th nht. Nguyn nhn th hai cng nh li ngi in D Khnh, Tn Quyn chn tng vn khng cn ngi phi mang vc qu nng, lm qu nhiu vic, ch cn ph hp l c. Ni d nghe khng mong c v tng vn c, ni kh nghe, ch lm vt trang tr. R rng Trng Chiu khng thch hp vi yu cu . Ngi thch hp l Tn Thiu v C Ung. Tn Thiu l tha tng cha c cng hin no t xut, xem ra cng ch l A di pht! Ni d nghe l trm tnh, n nh, thnh tm lo vic nc, ni kh nghe l bnh hoa cao cp. C Ung khng phi l bnh hoa, t nhiu lm c mt s vic. Nhng C Ung khng ging vi Trng Chiu. Th nht, C Ung t khi ch ng nu kin. Tn Quyn khng hi th khng ni. Th hai, cn ni th ni trc mt, khng ni lung tung sau lng. Tam quc ch - C Ung truyn ni: qun quc c mt, lm c hay khng, ni ngay trc mt, ming t ni. Th ba, tuy l ni trc mt, nhng khng ni nhiu, lun n ho bnh tnh. Khng ging nh Trng Chiu, li ni hin ra sc mt, khng khi v kch ng. C mt ln ln triu, Trng Chiu v khng hi lng, ni mt thi no l php lnh qu nhiu, hnh pht cn nng. Tn Quyn mc nhin, quay li hi C Ung: tha tng thy th no? C Ung ch p vn vn mt cu: Nhng kin m thn nghe c cng ging nh Trng Chiu. T y c th thy, C Ung coi tha tng l c vn v lm c vn mt cch thu o, khng nh vic, khng phin h. Xem ra C Ung rt r Tn Quyn cn mt tha tng nh th no. Nh th no? Lm ng chc nng khng vt quyn, gip vic khng thm vic, c vic th c c vn, khng vic th trang tr. C Ung nm r chng mc, lm tha tng 19 nm. Nin hiu Xch th VI (Cng nguyn nm 243) t th khi ang lm vic, hng th 76 tui.

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Thay C Ung lm tha tng l Thng i tng qun Lc Tn 62 tui. Nhn vo vic ny thy r iu m ngi in D Khnh ni Giang ng ho. Chng ta u bit, Lc Tn v C Ung u xut thn t s tc Giang ng. Phn trc ni, Giang ng c t i gia tc: Ngu, Ngy, C, Lc. Ngu v Ngy th Ci K, C v Lc th Ng qun. Ng qun cng c t i gia tc: C, Lc, Chu, Trng. C Ung l C, Lc Tn l Lc u thuc Ng qun t i gia tc cn thuc Giang ng t i gia tc, bi cnh cc gia tc u v cng hin hch. Trc ht Tn Quyn Lc Tn l thng soi, C Ung l th ph, v sau li Lc Tn thay th C Ung l tng chnh l tiu ch Giang ng ho. Thc t th Lc Tn l nhn vt tiu biu cho Giang ng ho trong chnh quyn Tn Ng. V Lc Tn khng ch l ngi ca t i gia tc Giang ng v Ng qun m gia Lc gia v Tn gia cn c him khch. Tng t ph (anh hoc em trai ca t ph) ca Lc Tn l Lc Khang. Lc Khang l thi th L Giang nhng nm cui thi ng Hn. Theo Hu Hn th - Lc Khang truyn, lc Vin Thut Th Xun n cu vin Lc Khang v qun lng, Lc Khang ngh Vin Thut l phn nghch nn b mc. Vin Thut tc gin, sai Tn Sch i nh Lc Khang. Chin tranh ko di hai nm, cui cng th thnh b ph, hn mt thng sau, Lc Khang 70 tui pht bnh qua i, hn mt trm ngi trong gia tc Lc th i theo Lc Khang cng lm nn v cht qu na (gp cnh i kht m cht gn na). V vy, hai nh Lc, Tn c th nh hn nc. Tn Quyn v Lc Tn u vn cn gi iu trong lng. Mt mt do nhu cu chnh tr, Tn Quyn khng th khng la chiu trng dng Lc gia, v nh em con gi ca Tn Sch g cho Lc Tn. Mt khc, lc cn trng dng Lc Tn, Tn Quyn cng c phn do d. Theo Lc Tn truyn v Chu Nhin truyn trong Tam quc ch, c hai ln L Mng tin c ngi thay th mnh. Ln th nht l lc Quan V nh Tng Phn, L Mng v m tr v Kin Nghip, Tn Quyn hi, ai thay th khanh. L Mng tin c Lc Tn- Trong tp o trng vt sng, chng ta ni truyn ny. Nhng lc by gi L Mng ch v ri chc, a Lc Tn ln thay l lung lc Quan V, nn Tn Quyn bng lng ngay. Ch khi chin tranh kt thc, L Mng thc s m nng, Tn Quyn li hi Ai l ngi thay th, L Mng lin tin c Chu Nhin. iu ny ng c bn thm. Th nht, Lc Tn chnh thc thay L Mng nhn chc, vy v sao Tn Quyn cn phi hi na? R rng Tn Quyn vn cn hn th. Th hai, v sao khi Tn Quyn hi, L Mng li phi ni khc? Nn nh, trong cuc chin tranh ln ny, Lc Tn biu hin rt tt! Theo ti, c th L Mng hiu c tm t ca Tn Quyn nn mi tin c Chu Nhin. Vic tin c ca L Mng rt c ngha. Chu Nhin l con nui ca Chu Tr. Chu Nhin ngi Giang ng, huyn C Chng, qun an Dng. Nhng trong Tam

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quc ch - Chu Tr truyn cho chng ta hay, t rt sm, Chu Tr theo Tn Kin chinh chin, v sau cn gip Tn Sch, c coi l tng lnh ca Hoi T. Chu Nhin l con nui ca Chu Tr, trng thnh trong tp on qun s Hoi T, c gi l gc chnh. Chu Nhin tng l bn hc ca Tn Quyn, tnh cm rt tt, gi l quan h thp. Hn na Chu Nhin gc ngi Giang ng, thuc h Hoi T, c th tip nhn t hai pha, hp vi vic qu t tng lnh Hoi T sang s tc Giang ng. L Mng tin c vy l c nhiu hiu bit, l hp vi ng li chnh tr. Tn Quyn tip nhn kin ca L Mng, Chu Nhin cm tit trng ra trn th Giang Lng, quyn hn c Lc Tn. Nhng trong cuc chin Di Lng, Lc Tn l i c, Chu Nhin li tr thnh b thuc ca Lc Tn, ti sao li nh vy? C th c nhiu nguyn nhn. Nguyn nhn trc tip e l do Lu B thn cm qun, kh th mnh m, khng th khng Lc Tn thng lnh ba qun. Hn na lc , vic Giang ng ho cng cha xong, nu c ging dai mi e m di lm mng, chi bng nhn c hi ny ginh ly thnh cng lun. Ngoi ra, biu hin ca Lc Tn cng lm cho Tn Quyn va lng. Ngi in D Khnh ni Lc Tn cn thn x th, trung thnh ht mc, rt chu o. Tn Quyn cn nhng ngi nh vy. Mt ln Tn Quyn tr chuyn vi Lc Tn, c ghi li trong L Mng truyn. Tn Quyn nh gi ba ngi: Chu Du, L Tc, L Mng, y c xem l chng c Tn Quyn gii bit dng ngi. Nhng ti vn c cm gic y khng phi l cuc tr chuyn bnh thng, m c thm khc. Hy xem Tn Quyn ni nhng g? Ni Cng Cn uy v mnh m, gan d hn ngi, rt kh c ngi k tc c s nghip (kh c ai k tc c), lc ny ngi k tha (nay ngi tip tc). R rng, Tn Quyn coi Lc Tn nh Chu Du th hai, mong ri s vt qua L Tc v L Mng. Tn Quyn ni nh vy vo lc no? Khng r. T tr thng gim cng ch dng ch sau, tc l ngy, thng, nm no sau lc L Mng qua i. V s tht l, Lc Tn khng ph s k vng . V vy, C Ung qua i, Tn Quyn Lc Tn thay th. V nhn ti s mt ca Giang ng cui cng xut tng nhp tng. Nhng thc k l, Lc Tn lm tng cha bao lu b Tn Quyn bc t, li c chuyn g y? Nam L ng tranh l nguyn nhn trc tip ca s vic. Nam, l Nam cung, ch thi t. L l L vng, ch Tn B. Phn trn ni, Tn Quyn c by ngi con trai. Tn ng l con c, ngi u tin l thi t v mt lc 33 tui. Lc ny con th l Tn L cng va mt (20 tui), ngi con th ba Tn Ho 19 tui, ngi th hai l thi t. Tn Ho l a con c Tn Quyn qu mn, m ca Tn Ho l Vng phu nhn cng c Tn Quyn sng i. Vn l ch Tn Quyn qu c a con th t l Tn B v phong B l L vng. Theo Tam quc ch - Tn B truyn, Tn

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B c n sng i ng chng km g thi t (sng i i ng chng khc g Ho). Mt s ngi bt u m t v chuyn ny, cn c ngi a chuyn li gin. Theo Tam quc ch - Tn Ho truyn, by gi ngi con gi u lng ca Tn Quyn l cng cha Ton c mu thun vi m con Tn Ho, chy n ch Tn Quyn ni xu v h. Tn Quyn phn n, Vng phu nhn lo ngh v qua i. Th ri Tn Ho b tht sng (mt sng i), lo s b ph (s b ph trut). Tn B nhng mun Tn Ho b ph b mnh c l thi t (ham mun v cng). Triu thn qu thch cng v th m chia thnh hai phi, gy nhiu rc ri. Trong Tn Ha truyn, Bi Tng Chi dn li thng ng ca n C l vn thn v tng trong, ngoi triu nh c nc si sc. Mt s chia r ln. Vo thng tm nin hiu Xch th XIII (Cng nguyn nm 250), Tn Quyn ph trut Tn Ho, ban cht Tn B. V sao ph trut Tn Ho? Rt n gin: trm cn sng th ngi ng m . V sao phi git Tn B? Cng rt n gin, trm khng cho th ngi ng cp! Mt cuc git chc ln. Cc tng lnh thn binh ng h Tn Ho nh Trn Chnh, Trn Tng b dit tc, Phiu K tng qun Chu C, Thng th bc x Khut Hong b n, mi my nh lin ly b ging, b git. Vy cnh ca L vng Tn B nh Ton K, Ng An, Tn K, Dng Trc u b git, xc Dng Trc cn b nm xung sng. ng ca thi t v ng ca L vng u chng hay ho g. Lc Tn v mun bo v thi t nn b bc cht, vic ny xy ra vo thng hai nin hiu Xch th VIII (Cng nguyn nm 245). Theo Lc Tn truyn, cu chuyn nh sau, Tn Quyn khng theo kin ca Lc Tn, khng mun gp Lc Tn, m lun cho ngi n trch c Lc Tn. My a chu ngoi ca Lc Tn, v gn gi thi t, u b min chc, i y. Thi t thi ph Ng Sn v bo tin cho Lc Tn nn b h ngc x t. Lc Tn bun bc cho n cht (phn hn n cht), th 63 tui. Sau khi qua i gia sn khng cn g. Cn nh Tn Quyn lun sai s n trch Tn, c a hp cm rng hay khng, chng ta khng bit, c th khng c. V sao Tn Quyn li bc cht Lc Tn? Nhn b ngoi, v Lc Tn dnh vo Nam L ng tranh, b coi l lnh t ca thi t ng. Nhng sau khi Lc Tn mt, nhn vt s hai ca thi t ng l Gia Ct Khc li c thng lm i tng qun, thay th Lc Tn lo vic Kinh chu; nhn vt hng u ca L vng ng l B Trc thay th Lc Tn lm tha tng, nhn vt s hai l L i thng l Thng i tng qun, nhn vt s ba l Ton Tng thng Hu i t m. Xem ra vn khng n gin cht no. Th nn chng ta phi hi, liu ng sau n ny cn iu g b mt, su xa na y?

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Tp th bn mi by: NGC DNG M LN Lc Tn l nhn vt i biu cho Giang ng ho trong chnh quyn Tn Ng, l thng soi v tng v, c th coi l ti nh. Nhng lc hnh trnh ca i ngi t ti nh im li b Tn Quyn bc cht. Cng thi , mt s nhn vt cng dnh vo thi t v L vng ng tranh, li c thng quan. Vy, ng sau s kin ny liu cn nguyn nhn chnh tr no, bi cnh chnh tr su sc no na? Nhng nguyn nhn, bi cnh quan h g ti con ng dng nc ca To Tho, Lu B v Tn Quyn ? Tp trc chng ta ni ti ci cht ca Lc Tn. Cnh ng ca Lc Tn ging ai y? Thi Dim hay Tun c? Xem ra ging m cng khng ging. Lc Tn cng nh Tun c u v lo, gin m cht (Tun c cht v lo), Lc Tn lo, gin n cht. Nhng Tun c cht v l tng, Tun c v To Tho c khong cch ln v mt chnh tr, Lc Tn khng phi nh vy. Trong vn lp t, Tn Quyn thi hm h, x l khng tho ng; v cha r rng g l mun lp Tn B. Cui cng th Tn B c ban cho cht, c th v Tn B mun lm thi t, coi nh t chuc ho vo thn. V vy, Lc Tn cht khng r rng g c. Lc ny Lc Tn li c v ging Thi Dim. C iu, Thi Dim cht theo ca To Tho. Theo Tam quc ch - Thi Dim truyn, ban Dim cht. Lc Tn khng phi ban cht m l tc n cht, iu ny li khng ging vi Thi Dim. Thc t th cn phi bn nhiu v ci cht ca Thi Dim. Trong tp Chn tng mnh n, ti suy on rt nhiu, nhng vn cm thy c thiu ci g . Sau ny c Quc s khi yu ca ngi Phn Th Ch mi hiu ra nhiu iu. Ngi Phn quy ci cht ca Thi Dim v ci cht ca Khng Dung, N Hnh vo mt loi, v h u l danh s. Nh vy l ng. Thc ra th vn ca Lc Tn cng l vy. Tp trc chng ta ni, sau khi Lc Tn cht th s ngi cng dnh vo Nam L ng tranh, nh nhn vt s hai ca Thi t ng l Gia Ci Khc; nhn vt hng u nh B Trc, hng hai nh L i, hng ba nh Ton Tng trong L vng ng u khng b trng pht, ngc li cn c thng quan. Nguyn nhn l v sao? Bi v bi cnh chnh tr v gia nh xut thn khng ging nhau. Xem li th r, B Trc l t nn Giang ng, L i lnh nn vt sng xung pha nam, u l Bc s lu vong. Gia Ct Khc l i sau ca Bc s Giang ng, cha l Gia Cc Cn trnh lon Giang ng. Ton Tng vn l ngi Giang ng (ngi Tin ng Ng qun), nhng khi Tn Sch n Ng, Ton Tng a i ng ca mnh n ngay (c binh theo ngay), coi l thn theo rng, t nhiu c dng dp ca Hoi T tng lnh. Cn mt ngi na l ng Dn Thi th Ci K, nhn vt s nm ca Thi t ng, tuy khng thng quan nhng v s. Lc Tn Quyn lm chung, ngi ny cn l c mnh i thn. Nguyn nhn rt n gin, v ngi ny ging nh Gia Ct Khc u l i sau ca Bc s lu vong.

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Ngoi ra cn mt nhn vt c bit na l Th Nghi. Th Nghi l s ph ca L vng Tn B, t nm th V nin hiu Xch (Cng nguyn nm 242) ch trng gim bt s i ng ca Tn B, thm ch xin ra khi kinh thnh, nhng cng khng vic g. ng nhin l khng vic g. Th Nghi ngi Doanh Lng, Bc Hi, thi cui Hn chy lon ti Giang ng, nh vy ng l Bc s lu vong! Ngc li, nhn vo n Nam L, l ngi Giang ng th khng mt ai l khng b chnh tr. Thi t thi ph Ng Sn l ngi Trnh, Ng qun, b mt chc i y. Lai lch ca C m rt c bit, l chu ca C Ung, anh em con d con gi ca Lc Tn, li l iu en i. C iu, C m l nhn vt s ba ca Thi t ng, li cn nhy cao (dng th ln Tn Quyn), ng vo ti l phi. Ngi em trai ca C m cng b i y nh anh, e l b lin ly. vn c r rng, mi ngi hy xem danh sch pha di: Thi t ng: Lc Tn, ngi huyn Ng, qun Ng, l mt trong T i gia tc Giang ng v Ng qun, b bc tc gin n cht. Gia Ct Khc, ngi Dng , Lang Nha, i sau ca Bc s lu vong, thng quan. C m, ngi huyn Ng, qun Ng, l mt trong T i gia tc Giang ng v Ng qun, anh em con d con gi vi Lc Tn, b min chc, i y. Chu C, ngi huyn Ng qun Ng, l mt trong T i gia tc Ng qun, nin hiu Xch th XIII, b ging chc, v sau c ban cht. ng Dn, ngi huyn Kch, Bc Hi, i sau ca Bc s lu vong, v s. Ng Sn, ngi Trnh, qun Ng, h ngc x t. Th Nghi, ngi Doanh Lng, Bc Hi, Bc s lu vong, v s. L vng ng: B Trc, ngi Hoi m Lm Hoi, Bc s lu vong, thng quan. Ton Tng, ngi Tin ng qun Ng, thuc phi h Hoi T tng lnh, thng quan. iu ny rt r rng, trong n ny, Tn Quyn khng hoc khng hon ton cn c vo thi ca thi t v L vng. Vo thng tm nin hiu Xch nm th XIII (Cng nguyn nm 250), Tn Quyn ph trut Tn Ha, ban cht Tn B. Thng hai nin hiu Xch th VIII (Cng nguyn nm 245), Tn Quyn bc cht Lc Tn. Hai

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s vic trn cch nhau nm nm ri, r rng lc bc cht Lc Tn, Tn Quyn cha h ngh s gii quyt trit vn Nam L ng tranh; v Thi t ng v L vng ng lm no ng c nc cng va mi bt u. V vy, Nam L ng tranh, khng phi nguyn nhn ch yu Lc Tn b chnh, cng khng phi l tiu chun Tn Quyn vch ranh gii. Vy, tiu chun Tn Quyn vch ranh gii l g? ng nhin l phi h. Trong Thi t ng, ngi b chnh u l ngi Giang ng, nhng ngi khc th khng sao, Gia Ct Khc cn c thng quan. Rt r rng, ngi khc (tng lnh Hoi T v Bc s lu vng) tham gia qua loa vo vic lp t th cn c, cc s tc Giang ng th khng c, Lc Tn li cng khng c! Trn thc t, nhng ngi cn tr trong n Lc Tn u l ngi Giang ng, l ngi c quan h vi Lc Tn. V d C m l con d con gi vi Lc Tn, Ng Sn ngi bo tin cho Lc Tn. Cn mt nhn vt quan trng khc na l Chu C, tuy l Thi t ng nhng thuc T i gia tc Ng qun, nn mi mi nm nm ri sau mi b trng tr. Vy theo ti, bo v thi t ch l nguyn nhn bn ngoi Lc Tn phi trng tr; thn l s tc Giang ng cng ch l nguyn nhn b phn. Rt cuc ch l Tn Quyn mun trng tr Lc Tn. Vy, v sao Tn Quyn phi trng tr Lc Tn? Theo Tam Quc s ca ngi M Thc Kit th c bn nguyn nhn. Th nht, Lc Tn l s tc Giang ng v l mt trong s nhng ngi c th lc mnh nht. Con em Lc gia thng c hn nhn vi cc nh quan cao lc hu, a v hin hch bn Ng. Th hai, Lc Tn trn th V Xng, danh vng cao xa. Trn t thi t Tn ng, di n nhng ngi nm quyn quan trng nc Ng, u i li vi Lc Tn. Ch ring hai im ny, Tn Quyn ghen t v thy s. V vy mi dn ti nguyn nhn th ba, tc l Tn Quyn s ngi thay th mnh khng khng ch ni Lc Tn, nn cn phi loi b khi mnh cn sng. Th t, Lc Tn l con r Tn Sch, Tn Quyn khng mun th lc con ci Tn Sch qu mnh. R rng Lc Tn c nhiu ci khng nn c. Mt - Lc Tn khng nn l s tc; Hai - l s tc, nhng khng nn l s tc ln nht; Ba - l s tc, nhng khng nn lm quan ch Tn Quyn; Bn - l quan, nhng khng nn l quan ln nht. Ch ring bn im ny Lc Tn ng cht, hung chi Lc Tn cn tham gia vo vic tranh ginh ngi v thi t, th chng phi l t tm n ci cht sao? Nn nh, l vic trong nh ca ngi ta, tham gia vo lm g? Nhng Lc Tn li khng ngh vy, v ngh mnh l S. c im ca S l g? L ngi c trch nhim vi thin h. Thin h l ca ai? T gc k s, thin h l ca Hong , cng l cy ct gi thi bnh cho thin h. S nhn l ging ct ca t nc, khng ch ph t Hong tr l thin h, cn phi gip Hong thng x l tt vn lp thi t. V thi t quan h ti vn mnh t nc. Thi t khng mnh t nc s lung lay. Bo v thi t l trch nhim ca s nhn t nc. V vy, Lc Tn

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khng coi l vic nh ca Tn Quyn v cho rng l quc s ca ng Ng. Lc Tn khng ngh rng mnh lm chuyn, cho l s trung thnh tn ty. Nhng bu nhit huyt ca Lc Tn nh b gii go nc lnh, cn b ao kim uy hip, bc bch, khin lng d tr nn bng gi, chng trch bi phn n cht. Thc t, Lc Tn qu ngy th. C tng chnh quyn Tn Ng Giang ng ha, s tc Giang ng Tn Ng ha, chnh quyn Tn Ng, s tc Giang ng dung ha, thnh ngi mt nh. Lc Tn u c bit, bt c d Tn Quyn mi phi Giang ng ha. Tn Quyn ch li dng s tc Giang ng, khng h tin tng h. Lc Tn cng khng bit, vi nhng nguyn nhn ni, t lu Tn Quyn mun tr Lc Tn, nhng cha c dp. Chng qua ln ny ch l mn c gy kh khn. Tn Quyn bit mn li mt chuyn chnh tr ngi khc chng? Bit. l n ca Trng n. Cnh ng ca Trng n lm cho mi ngi c th hiu c th no l i ngi nng lnh. Trng n l danh s Giang ng, xut thn Trng gia T i gia tc (C, Lc, Chu, Trng) ca Ng qun. T cht trong con ngi Trng n l rt hay. Tam quc ch - Trng n truyn ni: Nh tit tho, dung mo k v. Theo ngi in D Khnh, nm ba mi hai tui Trng n ra lm quan. C th rt nhiu ngi tin c Trng n, khin Tn Quyn phi ch . Tn Quyn hi qun thn, Trng n c th snh vi ai? i T nng (b trng nng nghip) Lu K ni: Snh c vi Tuy nam tng qun, Tin ng hu Ton Tng. Thi Thng (b trng ng u, trng nom vic t l) C Ung li ni: Nay cha c ai snh c vi Trng n (nay cha c ai). Tn Quyn lin triu kin Trng n. Ln triu kin , Trng n phong thi ngi ngi, i p lu lot, nhng ngi chung quanh nghing vai rn c, nghe n m mn, Tn Quyn cng thm knh trng. Bui triu kin kt thc, Trng Chiu lin ko tay Trng n ni: Lo phu c li thm hi chc mng, ngi nn r v ca lo phu! ca Trng Chiu l g, chng ta khng bit. Nhng Trng Chiu nhn Trng n bng con mt khc th r rng. C th ni, Trng n c nhiu ngi tin c, ng n vinh quang. Trng n bc vo chnh quyn ng Ng nh i trong bui tri quang my tnh, thong dong tin ti, trong vi ba nm thng chc lin tc, t ngh lang, tuyn To thng th n Thi t Thi ph, ri sang s Thc Hn vi thn phn l Ph ngha Trung lang Tng. Nhng sau khi t nc Thc tr v, tnh th ca Trng n bin i nh tri long t l. Tn Quyn bt u nghi, hn Trng n n k l, cui cng th tm ra ch h h ngc Trng n, sau ny li pht Trng n lm kh sai trong huyn, su nm sau Trng n lm bnh, qua i. Hai ngi em trai cng b ph. Ba ngi ch em gi b lin ly, s phn th thm v cng. Vy, t n no m Trng n b trng tr?

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n ny ni l phc tp th phc tp, ni l gin n th gin n. Ni gn li, mt vin quan tn l K Dim kim tra Tam th tm ra sai st. Tam th l Ng quan Trung lang Tng th, T Trung lang Tng th, Hu Trung lang Tng th. Quan vin trong Tam th gi l lang, lang quan, hu lang trung, trung lang, th lang. Lc thng, nhng ngi ny lun cnh Hong , Tc v H tng, bi dng rn luyn. C dp cho ra lm quan. V vy, ngi in D Khnh gi Tam th l ni c cu nui dng v chun b hng ng quan vin ca nc Ng. Lang quan trong Tam th c tn l Tam th i nh ngy nay. Lc K Dim lo vic chn To thng th, ph trch vic tuyn chn, ct nhc cc quan. K Dim pht hin thy trong Tam th c iu phc tp, rng tm ln ln, nhiu ngi bng quan h hoc chy cht theo ca sau m chui vo, ln ting i chnh n. Kt qu l c ti vi cc nh quyn qu, b vu co v t st, ha n vi Trng n. V sao li lin ly n Trng n? C ba nguyn nhn. Mt - Trng n v K Dim u l ngi Ng qun. Hai - Trng n tin c K Dim. Ba - Hai ngi c chung quan im v thng i li mt thit (nhiu ln c th s, i li thm hi). K Dim b bc t, theo Trng n cng en i (trch ti n). Theo Tam quc ch - Trng n truyn, i chuyn din ra l nh vy. R rng y l n oan. K Dim oan, Trng n li cng oan. K Dim gip Tn Quyn gim st quan vin, sng lc tr tt, nh vo t , sao li ng cht? Hai ngi ch qua li thn mt, Trng n cng khng c ti. Hy xem nhng ti danh m Tn Quyn khoc ln ngi Trng n, l cc k hung c, lun c khc, l nhn qua trung gian, nguyn hnh bi l, l mn quc n, to hnh th, l tm a gian c, khng g khng lm. Dch ra ngn ng hin i l, cc k hung c, nguyn hnh l r, dng quyn mu ring, c c khng tha, ng l hn n xng tu. V sao Tn Quyn li hn Trng n n nh vy? Lin h ti n ca Lc Tn sau ny, ngi ngi c cm gic Tn Quyn rt hn s tc Giang ng. Nhng iu khng ng. Trng n ng l mt trong T i gia tc Ng qun, K Dim cng l ngi Ng qun. Vic hai ngi kim tra Tam th, chnh n li tr, th trc ht l mc ti vi s tc Giang ng. ng nh ngi in D Khnh ni, thng qua Tam th lm quan v lt vo chnh quyn ng Ng chnh l li ch ca i tc Giang ng, nht l bn h Ng. Nhng ngi phn i vic lm ca Trng n, nh Lc Tn, Lc Mo, Chu C cng u thuc T i gia tc Ng qun. Qua y c th thy, tnh cht n ca Trng n v Lc Tn l khc nhau. Ln ny ngc li Tn Quyn ng h li ch c bn ca s tc Giang ng. Cng xem cng thy k l! y va l n oan va l k n, lc , d lun v cng si ni, ngay nh Gia Ct Lng cng cm thy kh hiu. Theo ch dn Ci K in lc ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Trng n truyn, Gia Ct Lng nghe chuyn ca Trng n ri ngh mi m vn cha hiu. Sau my hm, bng v ra, Ta

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hiu ri! Trng n nhn qu r, phn chia rnh mch nhng vic nh: ng sai thin c, sng lc vn c (thanh trng r rng, thin c phn minh)! Li ca Gia Ct Lng ng c quan tm. ng vy, ngi, khng th khng c ng sai, khng c thin c; khng th khng hiu v chnh ngha, cng khng th khoan dung qu lm li cho k gian. Nhng vic g cng phi c mc . Gn c khi trong, nhng khng nn qu trong; thin c phi phn nhng ng phn qu. i gian i c ng nhin khng th dung, nhng li nh th ng qu rch ri. Nhng t nhng ghi chp trong Trng n truyn, trong chnh n li tr, hai ngi ny khng h b qua mt trng hp no. Ton b lang trong Tam th u b ging cp (t cao n thp u b ging), khng cn my ngi c nguyn chc (trong mi khng c mt c gi nguyn). Mi ngi c cm gic ch c h mi l ngi tt. Nn nh, nc trong qu th lm g c c, ngi khng th khng c sai lm. Cng qu th d gy, trng qu th d . Ch c ti l trong, gy nn bao li trch mc on than, ngi ngi ri xa. Xem ra Trng n khng hiu iu ny. Trng n khng hiu v mt ngi bn l tng qun Lc Thng cng khng hiu. Sau khi Trng n b h ngc, Lc Thng dng biu bin h cho Trng n, khin Tn Quyn li tng thm ti danh cho Trng n. Bi Tng Chi cho rng gip nh vy chng bng ng gip. Trong li ch Trng n truyn, Bi Tng Chi ni Trang T tng ging: Danh cao l khng tt, ng nn cao qu. Mt ngi danh vng qu cao l khng hay. Trng n b tr l bi danh vng qu cao, v th Tn Quyn nghi, hn. Th nhng trong th Lc Thng cn ni: Cao hn mi ngi, vt tri th gian, ngi i khng ai b kp, nh vy l la thm du? Gia Ct Lng ni, Trng n en i v qu thng thn; Bi Tng Chi li ni, Trng n en i v qu ph trng. Hai ngi ni u c l. Bi v thng thn v ph trng li l c im chung ca loi ngi nh Trng n. Vy loi ngi nh Trng n l loi ngi no? L danh s. Trng n l danh s? ng. Khng ch l danh s, m theo li ngi in D Khnh ni trong n ca K Dim v vn tng quan, cn l c nhng c trng mt th lnh danh s t cui thi Hn ti nay. Danh s c c trng no? Hoc ni, tiu chun ca danh s l g? Theo ti c my iu sau. Mt - Gia th thanh bch, xut thn danh mn l tt nht. Tng mo xu x nh To Tho th ng hng l danh s. Hai - Ti hoa li lc, tt nht l c thi th, bng y kinh lun. Cn ging nh Lu B Khng thch c sch, thch ch nga, m nhc, qun o p cng khng c. Ba a v va phi, khng lm quan hoc khng lm quan cao, quan ln hoc lm m nh khng lm. iu ny vn l iu kin c bn ca danh s. V vy danh s l ch ngi

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c ting m khng lm quan, Trnh Huyn tng ni danh s khng phi l quan. C iu, mt s nhn, nu trc khi ra lm quan c ting, sau khi ra lm quan gi c thn phn danh s, quan nim danh s, lp trng danh s, t th danh s, quan h danh s th vn c coi l danh s. Nhng mt ngi ging nh Tn Quyn, mi lm tui l huyn trng, mi tm tui tr thnh ch nhn th r rng l khng phi. ng nhin, danh s c gi l danh s, bi h ni ting. Nguyn nhn ni ting c rt nhiu, nh xut thn t danh gia vng tc, nh ngi c ch trng ring, nh ngi hc vn su rng, lun c ngi i k vng, ngng m. Mt khi h pht biu th lp tc nh hng ti d lun. Nhng ngi ny thng hay pht biu, bt lun l trong triu hay ngoi rung, h thng coi mnh l ngi trong dn gian pht biu trn lp trng dn gian, gi l thanh ngh. T y thy r, danh s l lnh t kin hoc gi nh ngy nay l nhn vt ca cng chng. C iu danh s cng c nhiu loi. Trung Quc thng s ca ngi Phm Vn Lan chia danh s cui thi Hn lm ba loi. Loi mt l nhng ngi cu danh khng cn quan, chng ta gi lun l thanh cao phi. Loi ny c i khng lm quan, nhng c i vn lun ni danh. V mi ln h t chi li mi ca quan ph l mi ln danh vng h li cao hn. Cng khng chu lm quan th danh tit li cng cao, cui cng th a v x hi thc t cng ngang nh mt vin quan ln. Loi hai ni lm nht mc, ght c nh th, c th gi lun l ngay thng phi. H lun sng c o c (c bn l cc nh nho), ch cn thy iu khng thun mt l khng cho qua, lun mng chi x v. Nhng ngi ny thng pht biu v thanh ngh. Loi ba, l nhng ngi nghnh hp phong kh, chng ta gi lun l phi thi thng. H thng phn on thi cuc chn cho mnh lp trng chnh tr v thi chnh tr, thch hp tc vi nh ng cc, c nh ng cc hoan nghnh. Loi mt tuy khng hp tc nhng cng khng thm vic thm lon. Loi hai l nhng ngi lm cho nh ng cc phi au u nht, l danh s phi ngay thng. Trng n l danh s phi ngay thng, mt ngi danh ting hin hch khc l Ngu Phin cng vy. Ngu Phin ngi D Diu, Ci K, xut thn t Ngu gia Giang ng T i gia tc (Ngu, Ngy, C, Lc). H Ngu hc vn kh, tng vit Chu Dch ch, c Khng Dung tn sng, n nay ngi i cn dn dng. V vy danh kh ln, Triu nh v To Tho c li mi, nhng u c tuyt, li ng Ng lm chc quan nh. Tt c u ph hp vi tiu chun ca danh s. Nn, ch cn nhn vo Ngu Phin chng ta hiu c danh s phi ngay thng l th no. Theo Tam quc ch - Ngu Phin truyn, Ngu Phin tnh tnh gin d thng thn (Phin tnh n gin thng thn), l ngi bit t lp (tnh khng tho hip), khng ho hp c vi nhiu ngi. Trn Th ni: thng thn nht xa nay, cng ngh, thng thn. Ngi nh vy thng thch ni thng, thch va p trc din (ni nng trc mt),

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khng n nang ai. Trong chin dch Tng Phn, tng Ngy Vu Cm u hng Quan V, b nht Giang Lng. Sau khi Tn Quyn chim Giang Lng, lin cho th Vu Cm v i i hn ngi khc. Mt ln Tn Quyn a Vu Cm ra ngoi, hai ngi ci nga song hnh. Ngu Phin lin xng ln trc, ln ting hch Vu Cm, ngi l k hng phc, sao dm ngang hng vi cha cng ta? Cn ly roi vt Vu Cm, nhung b Tn Quyn ngn li. Sau ny, lc Tn Quyn tht tic qun thn trn lu thuyn, Vu Cm nghe nhc m ri l, Ngu Phin lin ln ting vch trn Vu Cm, ngi v lm b mt thng cm cu xin min ti (ngi gi v xin c min)? Kt qu l Tn Quyn rt khng hi lng (Quyn thy bt bng). Ngu Phin x s vi Vu Cm nh vy c th xut pht t mt tnh cm chnh ngha. Chng ta u bit, danh s ca nhng nm cui thi ng Hn l nhng ngi c s trong trng v o c. S trong trng c khi l thc c khi l v. Nhng khng k l thc hay gi, tt c u biu hin ra ngoi. Ngu Phin l nh vy, lun biu hin s khinh mit i vi l hng tng, vn theo Ngu Phin truyn, mt ln Ngu Phin ngi thuyn gp Mi Phng ch ng sng hp. B h ca Mi Phng tng rng Ngu Phin s nhng ng, nn go m ln: nhanh nhanh trnh ng cho thuyn ca tng qun ta!. Chng ta u bit, Mi Phng vn l b h ca Quan V. Lc L Mng ln nh Kinh chu, Mi Phng v S Nhn xin hng Tn Quyn, dng hai thnh Giang Lng v Cng An. Ngu Phin lun xem thng nhng ngi nh vy. ng nhin l Ngu Phin khng chu nhng ng. Khng ch khng nhng ng, m cn ng trn thuyn qut mng. Ngu Phin ni: Vt c trung thnh v tn ngha th cn g ph t qun vng? Bn r hai ngi thnh li cn dm to ting t xng l tng qun sao?. Kt qu, Mi Phng phi trn trong khoang thuyn, khng dm ni mt cu no, ch lnh cho thuyn phi nhng ng cho Ngu Phin. Chuyn ny Ngu Phin n my n mt, biu hin r tnh cm o c ca mnh. Nhng c th khng nh, Tn Quyn s khng vui. Thc t th ng ni ti Tn Quyn m ngay c To Tho, Lu B, Gia Ct Lng cng s thy khng vui. V nh Php Chnh, c Lu Chng phi i n Lu B, Php Chnh thao tng Lu B ot ly ch chu. Theo truyn thng o c th hnh vi r rng l bn ch cu vinh, nhng v sao Gia Ct Lng li khng ch trch m khng nh l cng hin ca Php Chnh. R rng quan im ca nh chnh tr v k mt sch l khc nhau. Ci gi l tnh cm o c ca k mt sch chc g c h thch th. V nh Tn Quyn v Vu Cm ang du ngon trn nga, vn l mt ng tc mi ngi nhn, th Ngu Phin li ni ti thn phn ca Vu Cm, bo Tn Quyn c vui c khng? Ngu Phin th chng ngh g vic Tn Quyn vui hay khng vui ch bit ni v lm theo tnh cch ca mnh. Mt ln, Tn Quyn v Trng Chiu bn lun v thn tin, Ngu Phin lin xen vo, ch Trng Chiu ni vi Tn Quyn, h u l ngi

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cht ri, cn bn g ti thn tin na! i lm g c thn tin! Tn Quyn vn khng th nhn nhn vi Ngu Phin na (tc gin khng ch mt ln). Ln ny th khng th khoan dung, lnh c ban, y Ngu Phin n Giao Chu (nay l mt phn ca Qung ng, Qung Ty v Vit Nam). Cui cng th Ngu Phin cht . Thc tnh th t lu Tn Quyn mun ph b Ngu Phin. Sau khi Tn Quyn l Ng vng by tic mng cng vi qun thn. Trc khi tic ru kt thc, Tn Quyn ng dy tay rt ru mi qun thn. Ngu Phin v say, ln xung t, khng nhn chn ru mi. Tn Quyn i khi, Ngu Phin li b dy vo ch ngi. R rng l vic lm mt mt Tn Quyn. Th l Tn Quyn ni gin, rt kim nh git Ngu Phin. Khi mi ngi s n bc mt, ch c i t nng Lu K dm bc ti m ly Tn Quyn v ni: i vng ung ru xong li git danh s, d ngi c ti nhng ai bit? Hn na, nc Ng c thin h ngng m chng phi v in h tn hin knh s hay sao? Nay ch v Ngu Phin m vt mt ting thm , c ng khng? Tn Quyn tc gin va th va ni: To Mnh c cn git c Khng Dung kia! Sao qu nhn li khng th git Ngu Phin! Lu K ni: chnh v To Tho lm st danh s, nn ngi i mi chi ra mi! in h mun l Nghiu Thun sao c th hc To Tho? Tn Quyn suy ngh ri bung Ngu Phin. Nhng vic hay th phi lm ti cht, Tn Quyn c quy nh: say ru ni ti git th khng tnh. iu ng ch trong n ny l cu ni ca Tn Quyn: To Mnh c git Khng Vn C, sao c khng th git Ngu Phin. Li ni ng c ch , v ngi khc cng ni i loi nh vy, ngi ny l Gia Ct Lng. Theo Tng th - Vng Vi truyn, khi Gia Ct Lng gii quyt vn Lai Mn tng ni, Lai Mn lon qun, ti cn hn Khng Vn C. Chuyn ca Lai Mn, chng ta ni trong tp Nc la kh dung. Theo Tam quc ch - Lai Mn truyn, ngi ny xut thn danh tc Kinh S, cha l Lai Dim tng l tam cng (nguyn t ). Ngi ny hc vn uyn bc, tinh thng hc thut, l danh s in hnh. Cng nh nhiu danh s khc, ngi ny thch bn lun, can d chnh s, kt qu b Gia Ct Lng khp ti lon qun m bi quan. So snh nh vy l rt hay. Tn Quyn coi Ngu Phin nh Khng Dung, Gia Ct Lng coi Lai Mn nh Khng Dung, To Tho git Khng Dung. Tuy Tn Quyn v Gia Ct Lng khng git Ngu Phin, Lai Mn, nhng li khng cho rng khng th git. ca Tn Quyn rt r rng: To Tho git c Khng Dung, ta cng c th git Ngu Phin. ca Gia Ct Lng cng rt r rng, ti ca Lai Mn nhiu hn ti ca Khng Dung, khng git m ch bi quan l khoan dung nhiu lm! iu ny ni ln iu g? Ni r ba im. Mt - Khng Dung, Ngu Phin, Lai Mn l mt mu ngi danh s phi ngay thng. Hai Mu nhn vt ny u cng c, Lai Mn l Khng Dung nc Thc, Ngu Phin li l Khng Dung nc Ng. Ba Mu ngi ny i n u cng t c hoan nghnh, To Tho, Tn Quyn, Lu B, Gia Ct Lng, nhng

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ngi lnh o ch yu ca Tam Quc u khng thch h, ch c iu khi x l th khoan nghim khc nhau. Khng thch l ng nhin ri s ni ti l do. Khoan nghim cng l ng nhin, sau ny s ni ti l do. By gi hy tng kt ba v n ni ti tp ny. Lc Tn b tr v bn thn l s tc. Ngu Phin b chnh v bn thn l danh s. Trng n b chnh v bn thn va l s tc va l danh s. Mu thun gia Tn Quyn v ba ngi l mu thun gia Tn Quyn v s tc, danh s. y cng l vn m To Tho, Lu B, Gia Ct Lng gp phi. Tc l ba chnh quyn ln Ngy, Thc, Ng xung t vi s tc. Ba nh lnh o ch yu ca Tam Quc u tranh vi danh s. Trn thc t, khong gia ca Hn v quc ng, i thng nht c thi k Tam Quc th chn vc, tip n c Lng Tn thng nht mt na v Nam Bc triu chia ct, tt c u lin can n mu thun ny. Bi v s tc v nhng ngi i din cho danh s vn l mt lc lng chnh tr trn, theo ng Hn, di, tip Lng Tn. Trong lc lc lng chnh tr ny u tranh, xung t vi To Tho, Lu B, Tn Quyn, nhng do cha nm c chnh quyn nn c coi l ngc dng m ln. Cn To Tho, Lu B, Tn Quyn l i biu cho xu th tt yu ca lch s pht trin nn cng c coi l ngc dng m ln. Chnh t hai ngha ca ngc dng m ln ny quyt nh con ng dng nc khc nhau ca Ngy, Thc, Ng v cui cng u phi ng quy v Tn. Vy con ng ca h l th no, ngha vic quy v Tn l th no? Tp th bn mi tm: NG RING NG QUY Mu thun xung t gia Tn Quyn v danh s, s tc, tng tn ti ch To Tho, Lu B v Gia Ct Lng. Bi v ba nc Ngy, Thc, Ng u khng do nhng ngi xut thn t s tc xy dng. H cng khng mun xy dng mt chnh quyn ca s tc v giai cp a ch. iu quyt nh con ng dng nc ca h chng bng phng cht no, chnh quyn ca h cui cng s dit vong. Vy, con ng ca h c im no ging v khc nhau, v sao ba nh Ngy, Thc, Ng phi ng quy v Tn? Tp trc chng ta ni ti mu thun xung t gia Tn Quyn v s tc, danh s. y cng l vn m To Tho, Lu B, Gia Ct Lng tng gp. To Tho git Bin Nhng, git Khng Dung, git Thi Dim, git Dng Tu, Lu B git Trng D, Gia Ct Lng git Bnh Dng, ph Lai Mn, ph Liu Lp, u l nhng biu hin ca loi mu thun xung t ny. Vy v sao To Tho, Tn Quyn, Lu B, Gia Ct Lng li hay mu thun xung t vi danh s v s tc? Mun hiu r vn ny th trc ht phi lm r th no l s tc. S tc l nhng gia tc i i lm quan. V sao mt gia tc li c th i i lm quan? V thi lm quan u c d. Trung Quc thng s ca ngi Phm Van Lan

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ni, thi Hn, mt ngi mun lm quan bng con ng chnh quy th cn c ba iu kin. Mt - Phi l s nhn; Hai - Phi thng hiu kinh hc; Ba - Phi u hiu lim. Hiu lim l hiu t lim s, l yu cu v o c. Thng hiu kinh hc cng gi l minh kinh, y l yu cu v ti. Phi l s nhn, l yu cu v thn phn. S thi nh Chu l qu tc thp nht. n i Hn li bin thnh bnh dn cao nht. Bnh dn li chia lm bn loi, s nng cng thng. S l s dn; nng l nng dn; cng l cng dn; thng l thng nhn. Nng dn lm nng, cng dn lm cng, thng nhn lm thng, s dn c sch. S ly c sch lm nghip, l th lao ng v u c. Ni cch khc, s l ngi lao ng bng no lc, l ngi lao tm. Ngi lao tm tr ngi, ngi lao lc b ngi tr. V vy s nng cng thng th a v ca s l cao nht, a v ca thng l thp nht, thm ch h khng c quyn lm quan. Ni nh vy l ai cng hiu, lc ngi c th t c ba tiu chun ny l khng nhiu. Cha ni ti iu khc, ring vic thng hiu kinh hc rt kh, v khng phi ai cng c sch c v c tt. Nu cn yu cu khng lm g c, ch lun lun c sch li cng kh! V vy, ch c nhng ngi c sch c, c c, c vo, c tt v khng lm g c (nng cng thng) mi c kh nng lm quan. Lm quan cn phi c sch, c sch l lm quan, c sch v lm quan bin thnh mt s kin, bin thnh ngh nghip, mt gia tc, ly c sch lm quan lm ngh nghip th gi l s tc. Nu i i c sch v lm quan th gi l th tc. V vy, s tc tc l th tc. T y c th thy, gi l s tc l do i i c sch v lm quan, v trong giai cp bnh dn phn ho, sn sinh ra mt tng lp c th. Tnh c th ca h biu hin ra ba mt, l lng on con ng lm quan, l khng ch d lun, l bin thnh cng ho. V sao s tc li lng on con ng lm quan? V mt ngi c iu kin c sch li lm quan th con chu ca h t nhin s c iu kin c sch, lm quan hn nhiu ngi khc. Th l ngi c sch tr nn nhiu hn, ngi c i ng i cha lm quan th d dng hn trong cuc ginh git lm quan vi nhng ngi c sch khc. Th l s xut hin mt hin tng, ngi lm quan c th i i u lm quan, thm ch u lm quan ln, nh nh h Vin T i tam cng. Nh vy, ngh lm quan c th b mt s gia tc no lng on hoc lng on mt s quan chc no . y l nguyn nhn th nht. Th hai, mt ngi lm quan th c quyn tin c, c th tin c ngi khc ra lm quan. H s tin c loi ngi no y? C hai loi. Mt loi l ngi ca mnh, mt loi na l nhng ngi c sch m a v x hi tng i thp. Nhng ngi ny t c c hi lm quan, mt khi c tin c, h s cm n, bo n, thm ch h s c quan h l thuc, tnh cm cha con vi ngi tin c; h s tr thnh thnh vin khng cng huyt thng trong gia tc. Mt ngi quan cng cao th quyn tin c cng

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cng ln; Thi gian lm quan cng di th cng nhiu c hi tin c; nu nh i i lm quan th s hnh thnh mt cc din mn sinh c li khp thin h. S mn sinh c li cng c th tin c ngi khc lm quan. Nhng h l mn sinh c li ca mt gia tc no , nn khi s dng quyn tin c h phi nhn xem sc thi ca s gia tc hoc cng hin mt th g bo n. V vy, mn sinh c li ca mt gia tc no cng nhiu th quyn tin c ca h cng cng nhiu. Thi gian di, h tr thnh ngi lng on quyn lm quan. Th ba, ngi c quyn tin c cn c th tin c ln nhau, ti tin c ngi ca anh, anh tin c ngi ca ti. Phng php o bo l ny cng l mt quy tc ngm trong chn quan trng, ngi ngi iu bit, nn c tin hnh cng vic m khng cn phi mc c. Cui cng th quyn tin c, quyn lm quan b mt s s tc ln b chia nhau. Vy th v sao s tc li c th khng ch c d lun? Bi v h t c sch ri mi lm quan v do lm quan mi thnh s tc, ng nhin h l ngi c hc vn nht c vn ho nht. V vy, l lnh t gii t tng, gii vn ho, gii hc thut, s tc cng d on kt hng lot ngi c vn ho gm cc danh s v thi hc sinh. Thi hc sinh l sinh vin trong thi hc (hc vin cn b quc gia), nh nay ni l cn b hu b. Danh s l nhn s c ting trong x hi, nay ni l x hi hin t. Danh s khng nht thit xut thn s tc, c danh s thn phn khc nhau, nh u V l ngoi thch kim danh s, Lu Biu l tng tht kim danh s. Nhng bt lun l thn phn g, h u quan h mt thit vi s tc. i th s tc l ch da ca danh s, danh s lm v vang s tc, thi hc sinh tr thnh vt n ca h. tp trc chng ta ni, danh s l lnh t kin ca thi i, l nhn vt cng chng. Vic nhng ngi ny thch nht l pht biu kin, ni v ngi khc, bn v thi s chnh tr. Thi gi loi kin ny l thanh ngh. Thanh ngh c nh hng rt ln, kh nng st thng cng rt mnh. Mt ngi c thanh ngh khen th gi tr tng thm gp bi; nu b thanh ngh ch th thi ht ch ni. Lc lng thanh ngh ng cng pha vi s tc, li c thi hc sinh hng ng, ng nhin s tc s khng ch c d lun. S tc nm quyn lm quan, s khng ch c quan trng; nm quyn pht ngn, s khng ch c d lun. C c hai iu kin , h bin thnh cng ho chng kh khn g. Tr thnh cng ho cng chng c g l l, v chnh quyn ng Hn vn do cng ho dng nn (ch yu l cng ho Nam Dng). Cha t ca vng triu lun l cng ho, nh ngoi thch, hon quan, i thng nhn. H cng u l i a ch. S nhn xut thn t a ch nh, trung bnh, vn khng phi l cng ho. Nhng sau khi nhn s bin thnh s tc th tnh hnh li khc. V ngu nhin khi h c lm quan s bin thnh i i lm quan. Lm quan, a v cao, s ni danh. Lm quan c nhiu quyn lc, c nhiu li. Va c danh va c li, gia tc ca h c th li

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dng vn chnh tr, u th chnh tr vn c khng ngng pht trin ln mnh, t a ch nh, trung bnh bin thnh i a ch, tr thnh cng ho nhn thin h, xng b mt vng. Mt ho tc to ln c gi l th gia i tc, gi l y quan vng tc, hoc danh mn vng tc, n gin gi l s tc, vng tc, th tc. Th gia, tc l i i lm quan; y quan, l thi th chuyn gia. Thi th chuyn gia, tt nhin c danh vng, v vy gi l vng tc, l danh mn. i i lm quan, tt nhin s c quyn th, v vy gi l th tc. Cn nh th dn khng quyn khng th, khng danh vng, gi l hn mn, l th tc, l hn tc. Hin nhin, s tc l giai tng rt c bit. H khng phi qu tc (hong thn quc thch), cng khng phi th tc (ph thng bnh dn). Thuc giai cp bnh dn nhng cao qu hn bnh dn; khng th th tp quan chc, nhng c th lng on con ng lm quan. Ni v tnh cht, h l chun qu tc na th tp, ni v a v, h nh bnh dn cao cp gn vi qu tc. H quan h mt thit vi danh s, c quan h va c khc bit. Khc bit ch: s tc l mt tc danh s l mt ngi; s tc tt phi lm quan, danh s th khng nht thit. Nhng vi mt s ng nh vy th danh s v s tc c c s nht tr v lp trng giai cp, v quan nim chnh tr v l tng chnh tr. V vy s tc l ng ch ng sau hu i ca danh s, danh s l ngi pht ngn ca s tc. L tng chnh tr ca s tc l g? ng nhin l xy dng mt chnh quyn ca giai cp mnh. Ch t cng c c nhng v tr trong chnh quyn . iu ny tt s pht sinh mu thun xung t vi To Tho. Tn Quyn, Lu B v Gia Ct Lng. Bi v ngi ch ca Tam Quc khng phi s tc v h cng khng mun s tc tr thnh giai cp thng tr. C iu, tnh hnh ba nc Ngy, Thc, Ng c khc nhau, chng ta s ni ring tng nc, xem giai cp s tc u tranh vi h nh th no v sau s quy h v mt mi nh th no. Ni v To Ngy trc. Con ng dng nc ca To Ngy, ti gi l din bin khng ho bnh. V sao li gi nh vy? V thin h To Ngy l do dng v lc m chim c, nn khng phi l din bin ho bnh. Nhng tnh hp php ca chnh quyn ny li c t s nhng ngi cng hng lot nhng phong thng trc ca Hn Hin , bao hm gia Cu tch, phong Ngy cng, tn Ngy vng, li c hng v ca din bin ho bnh, nn ch c th gi l din bin khng ho bnh hoc chnh bin khng cung nh. Tp on To Tho la chn con ng ny, phi chng y l k hoch t trc? Khng phi. To Tho tng bc tng bc tm ra con ng ny. D tm ca To Tho cng ln dn tng ngy. Ch t chng ta cng c th khng nh, trc lc thnh

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lp lin qun Quan ng, To Tho cha ngh g v vic xy dng chnh quyn. Tam quc ch - V k ni th no? Thng ging S Bnh nm u, Hu tng qun Vin Thut, K chu mc Hn Phc, D chu th s Khng Do, Duyn chu th s Lu i, H Ni thi th Vng Khung, Bc Hi thi th Vin Thiu, Trn Lu thi th Vin Di, T Bc tng Pho Tn, khi binh cng lc, hng my vn ngi, tn Thiu l minh ch, Thi T l Phn V tng qun. R rng, trong Tp on cng ty lin qun Quan ng, To Tho khng c c phn Tho khng phi l ng ch, khng phi c ng, ch l chn chy, c suy tnh g y? Chng vo lc no th To Tho mi c suy ngh? Theo ti, phi t sau trn chin Quan , trc trn Xch Bch. Nu coi chnh quyn thng tng kin trc nh xy phng , coi vic thnh lp chnh quyn mi nh lp mt cn phng th c Trung Nguyn khi mi c mt mnh To Tho l nh thu kim kin trc s trong vic lp mi mt cn phng. Tho nghnh n thin t mi c c t, nh thng Vin Thiu mi c vn ling. Mt ngi vn nhn nhn v mt ny, nay c c hai iu m khng suy ngh tin tip th mi l k cc! Thng su nm Kin An th XIII (Cng nguyn nm 208), To Tho khi phc ch tha tng b bi b t lu v t mnh lm tha tng, coi y l tn hiu To Tho ra tay tip. Vy cn phng mi ca To Tho c s g khng? Khng c. c im con ngi To Tho, c l tng nhng khng c s . To Tho mun xy dng mt chnh quyn khng c s tc - Thi Ho v Khu Khim Chi ca ngi Trn Dn Khc ni, l chnh quyn To ngu ca php gia hn tc. C theo li ni v vic lm ca To Tho, chng ta bit, To Tho khng tin thin mnh, thi hnh php tr, va mi va p, ph l dng ngi, xng tit kim, khng m h danh, khng c im no l khng xung t vi s tc? Nht l im c c ti l dng, coi nh o m t tng lp s tc! Nu ch dng ngi c ci cch nh vy th liu s tc cn lng on c quan trng na khng? Ngay c vic cha con To Tho cng thch vn hc cng khin cho s tc khng hi lng. V ci m s tc coi trng l kinh ngha tu thn tr quc, khng phi l my li l chi chut bng by, v b. V vy s tc chng li To Tho, danh s ci nho To Tho. To Tho b bt ng cha h c chun b. To Tho bit r mnh c ti vi s tc, bit r phn ln danh s s cng cnh vi s tc. To Tho ch cn cch l chm git. To Tho nhng mun git Dng Bu, nhng khng thnh. git Khng Dung, Dng gia (Dng Bu) cng ging Vin gia ( Vin Thiu) u l vng tc sc nht trong s s tc. Dng gia cn hn Vin gia, nm i l tam cng. Khng Dung l danh s ni nht trong s cc danh s, l chu i th hai mi ca Khng T. To Tho mun git Dng Bu, dm git Khng Dung, r rng To Tho rt ch n s tc (nu khng, khng phi

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git) v khng my quan tm n danh s (nu khng, khng dm git). S tc chng i, danh s phn i, khng phi kh khn ln nht i vi To Tho. Vn ling mi l kh khn ca To Tho. Vn ling ca To Tho l g? Phng thin t lnh nhng k cha thn phc. Da vo ci vn c c t ai. Nhng nh vy, To Tho phi ng trc mt thc t, khng th gi b nhng cn nh c trn mnh t , xy nn mt cn nh mi. Ngc li, To Tho cn phi ra v mun gi gn nhng cn nh c , ging my v qun gia tn tm, tn trch, khng th cng ch, gi b lm ni bun bn. Dng c mt cn phng mi r rng l iu kh khn vi To Tho. May sao To Tho l ngi c l tng, khng cn s , c th va lm va ngh. To Tho cn l ngi c bin php, bin php l phc trang tu sa. Bin php phc trang tu sa l ci to dn, cui cng th bin nh ca ngi khc thnh ca mnh. Bin php ny tt th tt tht, nhng vn c mt tin , tc l phng c khng th ph b. D bn trong c nt vn th ct ko vn phi gi li. Ct ko trong cn phng c ca triu ng Hn l g? Ba ct nh v mt nc nh. Ct nh l ngoi thch, hon quan v s tc, nc nh l thin t i Hn. To Tho nghnh n thin t v l nc nh c, ba chic ct th mt hai. Trc khi ng Trc vo kinh thnh, ngoi thch v hon quan tn st ln nhau, ngi th bi k th thng tch y ngi, khng sao ng ln c. Nu khng cn chic ct cn li (s tc) th cn phng s . To Tho thy kh v s tc cng thy kh. Ci kh ca To Tho l khng th ph b cn phng, v vy chic cc kia khng th ; To Tho phi trang tr v tu sa; ni thng ra, phi ln thay ko thay ct, khng th khng ng vo chic ct . S tc cng thy kh khn, xa nay ct dng chng nc, ct ch c th i cng nc. Lc ny nc nh chy n ch To Tho, ct nn hay khng nn ti ? Nu i, th r rng bin thnh ct ca To Tho. Nu khng i th coi nh nh khng c nc. Nh khng nc th cn ct lm g? ng l kh khn n cht ngi. Ni r im ny th d dng gii thch c vn sau, v sao To Tho li thc hnh ng li php gia hn tc, To Tho u c xut gia t s tc, u phi l danh s m phi tm n vi s tc nhiu hn nhng ngi khc. V sao vy? V To Tho rt r, khng c my ngi ny th trang tr tu sa ra sao! S tc v danh s cng hiu rt r, d c i Ha , cng khng phi l chy n vi To Tho; D c n vi To Tho, cng khng phi l thay i; v d c thay i, cng khng phi l cng ng vi To Tho cho n cht. Cng tc l, To Tho, s tc v danh s ai cng tnh ton: li dng i phng thc hin mc ch ca mnh. Th l, To Tho v s tc, danh s c quan h li dng ln nhau v cnh gic vi nhau. V vy, danh s cnh To Tho nhiu hn nhng ngi khc v cng b To

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Tho git nhiu hn nhng ngi khc. V vy To Tho khng th khng phng, thm ch lun lo s, nghi thn nghi qu, lm st v c. Nh bc cht Tun c, git Thi Dim, git Dng Tu. Mi ngi lun thy kh hiu cm thy To Tho lun sinh chuyn, chuyn b x ra to. Nhng ch cn nh rng nhng ngi u l i tc danh s th hiu ngay c nhng b mt trong . Vic To Tho lm st cn phi ph phn, cn vic To Tho hoi nghi th khng sai. S thc, khng t danh s c nhng ngh khc, y c ba loi ngi ng ni. Loi mt, ch thy nc nh, khng thy ngi tu sa v cng khng mun To Tho trang tr tu sa, nh Khng Dung. Loi hai, thy nh nh, thy ngi tu sa, cn mun gp phn, hy vng To Tho sa sang c nh c v tr li cho ch c, nh Tun c. Loi ba, anh sa c th ti cng sa c. B ngoi l gip anh sa nhng thc t l ti sa. Ch khi sa gn xong mi bo vi anh, phng phi c sa sang nh ca ti kia, nh Trn Qun. Thng ging nm Kin An th XXV (Cng nguyn nm 220), To Tho bnh v qua i Lc Dng, To Phi k v tr thnh Ngy vng. t lu sau, Trn Qun kp thi xut To Phi a ra Cu phm quan nhn chi php (Cu phm trung chnh ch). Cu phm quan nhn php ni thng ra l, s tc lng on quan quyn ri phn phi quan v, quan chc trong s tc tu theo danh vng, mn phit, th lc cao thp ln b. To Phi tip nhn kin ca Trn Qun v h lnh thi hnh. Chng bao lu, To Phi c s tc Trung Nguyn ng h, ln lm hong , nc nh quc ny (lc ny ch cn hn mt na) t tay h Lu chnh thc sang tay h To. y l thng li ca To Phi v cng l tht bi ca To Tho; kch vui ca To Phi v cng l kch bun ca To Tho. Nn nh rng, xy dng mt chnh quyn khng s tc, To Tho kh s vt v, b chi cng nhiu, git chc cng nhiu, cui cng nh theo bin php trang tr tu sa i phng. Nhng khi tu sa xong phng, ch giy chng nhn quyn ti sn mi pht hin thy cy ct va thay tr thnh nn mng, thm ch bin thnh c cu ch th ca cn phng. Ni xem, di sui vng, To Mnh c bit iu ny th nn ci hay nn khc? To Phi tip nhn kin ca Trn Qun l bi To Phi hiu c iu, nh li ngi Phm Vn Lan ni: s tc lm tr ngi vic To Tho thay Hn lm Hong , ni l ng h nh Hn, chi bng ni l ang trao i c quyn lm quan vi To Tho. V, To Ngy ng l mt chnh quyn php gia hn tc khng s tc. Mt khi tnh cht ci bin, bin thnh chnh quyn ca giai cp a ch s tc th cn c gi tr, ngha g na? V vy, triu Ngy ca To Phi khng cn l nc Ngy ca To Tho. Ngy To Phi thnh cng thay Hn cng l lc To Ngy dit vong. s tc T m gia tc cm u, lt chnh quyn To Ngy xy dng khng s tc, ch l ln na

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thm m cho cho chnh quyn s tc. y l ng i ca To Ngy v cng l nguyn nhn c bn khin To Ngy dit vong. Vy cn Tn Ng v Thc Hn th sao? V c bn th Tn Ng v Thc Hn khng c t cch lp nc. Nh vo v lc, cha anh Tn Quyn cp c a bn, v mt l lun th l mt cn nh ca quc i H, Tn Quyn cha c giy chng nhn quyn s hu. Lu B ng thng hn, ni g ti nh ca, n mt cn phng cng chng c, ch bit i nh. V sau cng c c nh ca, phi cm t To Tho m mang cho, cm n To Tho dy cho kinh nghim v hai mt chnh, phn din. Mt chnh din l: s tc thc khng ng s, khng s tc cng c th ot c thin h. Mt phn din l: th lc s tc cc ln, ch nn s dng, khng nn i khng. V vy Tn Quyn v Lu B c c mt phng chm chin lc, ng li dng nc khc vi To Tho. Nu ni To Tho ngc dng m ln th Tn Quyn v Lu B mt ngi thun th m lm, mt ngi i ng vng. Tn Quyn thun th m lm. Tc l Giang ng ho, cng tc l bn s ho. Phn trc ni, ch th trong chnh quyn ng Ng vn l tng lnh Hoi T, Chu Du l i din; v Bc s lu vong m Trng Chiu l i din. Nhng ngi ny u l lc lng t ngoi n, ngi khng ng, th khng mnh, lc va phi, c th yn tm s dng. Nhng cng chnh v vy, Tn Quyn khng th ch da vo h dng nc. Ch da vo tng lnh Hoi T v Bc s lu vong th ng Ng mi mi ch l mt chnh quyn non yu. V vy, Tn Quyn ch c th Giang ng ho v cn phi Giang ng ho. Th l Tn Quyn kin quyt chia mt phn chnh quyn v mt phn binh quyn giao cho C Ung v Lc Tn. Con em T i gia tc (C Lc Chu Trng) Ng qun lm quan ch Tn Quyn c n c ngn. Nh vy, Giang ng s tc v chnh quyn Tn Ng c buc vo vi nhau, hnh thnh mt li ch cng ng. Li ch ca chnh quyn Tn Ng v cng l li ch ca s tc Giang ng. bo v a v chnh tr v li ch chnh tr ca mnh, s tc Giang ng phi ra sc bo v chnh quyn Tn Ng. cng chnh l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn chnh quyn Tn Ng tr l t nc km nht trong Tam Quc li c thi gian tn ti di nht. Nhng mi sch lc u nh con dao hai li. Giang ng ho tuy c lm cho chnh quyn Tn Ng thm vng mnh nhng n lm thay i tnh cht ca chnh quyn ny. Tn Quyn mong mun c iu trc nhng li lo s v iu sau. N lm cho ni b Tn Ng chia r, tm l bin dng, tc phong cn r, vic lm tri ngc, i vi Giang ng s tc cng thm nghi thn nghi qu. Tp trc c ni ti my ci n ngi ngi ly lm kh hiu, c th l t nguyn nhn ny. Trn thc t, lc lm chung, Tn Quyn ch nh hai c mnh i thn, mt l i tng qun Gia Ct Khc, mt l thi th Ci K ng Dn, u l i sau ca Bc s lu vong. Cho ti lc cht,

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Tn Quyn cha thc tin tng Giang ng s tc. V vy Tn Quyn mi t hnh c on, dng hnh nghim khc, c ng Ng ngn lun khng thng, li tm li c. Nc Ng tr thnh mt t nc ni b khng n nh nht. Hn na, Giang ng s tc cng u khng li vi s tc phng bc, v vy, Tn Ng b mt trong tay nc Tn. Nu ni To Ngy l din bin khng ho bnh, Tn Quyn l bn th ha sinh tn, vy, Thc Hn s l sinh ra ngoi k hoch. Theo l, Lu B khng c t cch dng nc. Tuy l hong tc, tng tht, l T tng qun, u hm D chu mc, nhng u l ngn phiu khng, ht tc dng. Lu B cng c mt tp on nh ca mnh, nhng mnh v v yu v mu (li Phm Vn Lan), chng lm nn tr trng g. Nn lc qun hng ui hu, chng ai coi Lu B l i th. Bn Long Trung i ng Ng ca L Tc cng ch ni chia ba thin h vi To Tho v Lu Biu. Thc t th Thc Hn l chnh quyn ti ra ngoi k hoch. Lu B thnh cng, mt phn l do cng sc ca mnh, phn na l do may mn. May mn bao gm hai phng din. Mt - Lu B c Gia Ct Lng, Bng Thng, Php Chnh ph t, t ch v mnh mu yu thnh v v mu u mnh; Hai - Hai ngi cng h vi Lu B l Lu Biu v Lu Chng, v s, mu s v bn thn u yu hoc v s, mu s u mnh nhng khng bit s dng, kt qu Lu B cp c a bn. ng nhin, Lu B c Gia Ct Lng, Bng Thng, Php Chnh ph t v cng c s c gng ca mnh, gi l cu hin nh kht nc. Nhng mt ngi cu hin nh kht nc, v cng phi c ngi hin m cu, m kht, chnh l gp may. V ci yu ca Lu Biu, Lu Chng chnh l ci may ca Lu B. Chnh quyn Thc Hn c thnh lp trn c s , tin rng, Lu B cha h c suy ngh g v tnh cht ca chnh quyn ny. ng nh ngi in D Khnh ni, Lu B ch l ngi thun theo dng chy, cha h c mt chin lc r rng no. May sao Lu B l ngi thng minh. Lu B c nhn To Tho v lm ngc li (Lu B tng ni vi Bng Thng c lm ngc li vi To Tho th bao gi cng thnh cng). To Tho c ngc dng m ln, Lu B li i ng vng, trnh mi xung t trc din vi s tc. Tam quc ch - Tin ch truyn tng nh gi cao s sp xp nhn s ca Lu B sau lc vo Thc. Nh ng Ho, Hong Quyn, L Nghim l b ba ca Lu Chng; Ng Nht, Ph Quan l thn gia vi Lu Chng, Bnh Dng tng b Lu Chng ch bai; Lu Ba tng b nghi hn, tt c u c sp xp nhng v tr xng ng ( v tr cao), khin mi ngi c pht huy ht ti nng ca mnh (ht mi kh nng), kt qu c ch th u thnh cng. Gia Ct Lng tr nc cn c nhiu im rt hay. Trong hai tp Tnh tri hn bin v Bt lc v tri, Gia Ct Lng cm quyn theo kiu, tr nc theo php, dng ngi theo php, kt qu trong chnh ph khng c loi quan tham (quan khng c gian), ngi ngi cn mn lm vic. Gia Ct Lng ch c bit vic dng nhn ti

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ti ch, kt qu c ngi ch chu ht sc khm phc (c ngi Ty Th thnh tin phc, Lng tn dng ti nng ca tng ngi). Trng Du ngi Thnh , Thc qun ht li ca ngi Gia Ct Lng. Theo Tam quc ch - Trng Du truyn, Trng Du thng ni vi mi ngi, Gia Ct xt cng ban thng khng st mt ngi xa l no (thng khng qun ai); trng pht khng thin lch v ngi thn (pht khng v tng thn); khng c cng th khng c tc v (khng cng th khng tc); c quyn th cng khng trnh c trng pht (hnh khng v th m min). chnh l nguyn nhn khin mi ngi Thc u lm vic qun mnh (hin hay ngu u qun mnh). Gia Ct Lng lm vic cng khai, cng minh, cng bng, v vy chnh ph mi ng l chnh ph. Di s ch tr ca Gia Ct Lng, Thc Hn tr thnh mt nh nc c cch tr l tt nht trong Tam Quc. Vy, v sao Thc Hn li dit vong sm nht trong Tam Quc? C ba nguyn nhn. Th nht, l tng chnh tr ca Gia Ct Lng l tr nc theo php, khng theo tnh cm. Theo php th khng th theo ngi; php tr, khng phi nhn tr. iu khc hn vi l tng, tnh cm ca giai cp s tc. S tc mun theo ngi v ngi tr. Theo ngi l theo danh vng, mn ca gia tc, hon ton v php v thin. V vy, b ngoi th Thc Hn i ng vng, thc t cng l ngc dng m ln. To Ngy ln mnh, cn mt nhiu sc; Thc Hn nh yu th chng li sao c? Th hai, Thc Hn khng ch l chnh quyn khng s tc m cn l chnh quyn ngoi lai, nn khng th khng c mu thun vi s tc bn a (ch chu s tc). Nu Thc Hn cng a phng ho nh ng Ng th chc l tnh hnh s khc i. Nhng Lu B v Gia Ct Lng vn mt mc Kinh chu l tp on th nht, ng chu l tp on th hai v ch chu l tp on th ba. Nhng ngi k cn Gia Ct Lng nh Tng Uyn, Ph Y, Khng Duy u khng phi l nhn s ch chu. Khng nhng th, chnh quyn Thc Hn cn ngh cch moi tin t s tc, cng ho ch chu chi ph cho vic qun v cng tn km. Thc Hn cn i mt vi ci gi l nhn s ngi Thc, chuyn quyn phng tng, nh ra nhiu php lut nhm trn p s phn khng ca h. R rng, s tc ch chu b r rng gt ra ngoi l. V mt chnh tr h b bi xch, v kinh t b rt rut, v php lut b ngn cm, khng cn hy vng g con ng lm quan, h khng cn l ngi cng ng vi chnh quyn Thc Hn, ngc li tr thnh mt i lp. Li ch ca s tc ch chu khng cn nht tr vi li ch chnh quyn Thc Hn, thm ch c mu thun xung t. H khng mun gi nh gi nc nh s tc Giang ng, nhn nhng vic khng lin quan, h u l i hoc ch bai bi xch, thm ch thy nn l vui thy hon l mng, trong ng ngoi hp. Lc ny th nhng ngi ch tr chnh quyn Thc Hn c u t n my, cc cung tn

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ty n my, mu mc n my, phng cn c tc dng g. Li ch quyt nh mi hnh ng ca s tc ch chu. Th ba, Gia Ct Lng nh gi qu cao v li ku gi l tng chnh tr ca mnh. Gia Ct Lng khng bit (c th khng bit tht hoc v khng bit), To Ngy lc ny khng cn l To Ngy nm no, Hng phc Hn tht, sm thnh li thi. i vi giai cp a ch s tc m ni, thc hnh Cu phm quan nhn php ca To Ngy hay hn ng Hn nhiu, h cn g n Hng phc Hn tht na? Ngc li Thc Hn kin tr vi ch nh Hn hon ton mt sc hp dn. V vy, s tc ch chu khng my ng h l tng chnh tr v ng li dng nc ca Gia Ct Lng. iu m h mong i nht, To Ngy sm n gii phng h c thc hin l tng ca mnh. Chng ta u bit, l ngi Thc tr Thc v Cu phm quan nhn. Lc ny chng ta c th tm kt lun, Ngy, Thc, Ng v bn cht u l chnh quyn khng s tc. V vy, gia h v giai cp s tc lun c mu thun, xung t v u tranh. Kt qu u tranh khin To Ngy vt b, Tn Quyn tho hip, Thc Hn quyt gi. Chnh v quyt gi nn Thc Hn mi mt sm. V vt b nn To Ngy cng mt. Tn Quyn tho hip nn mi ko di thm c t na, nhng ri cng mt. V ch c Tn mi l chnh quyn hon ton thuc v giai cp a ch s tc. Cng nguyn nm 263, Ngy dit Thc; Cng nguyn nm 265, Tn dit Ngy; Cng nguyn nm 280, Tn dit Ng. Trung Quc t y tr thnh thi i ca giai cp a ch s tc trong phm v c nc. Lch s Tam Quc kt thc. Cn nh chng ta nn nhn nhn th no v giai on lch s ny, li l vn khc.

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LI KT THC: TRNG GIANG CUN CUN CHY V NG Ni dung ca Bnh Tam Quc ni xong, cn chuyn Tam Quc th cha ni ht v cng khng th ni ht. y l cu chuyn v tn khng th ni ht, bn ht trong mt lc. Tng ngi c th ni ln quan im, cch nhn ca mnh. Nhng, ng sau nhng quan im, cch nhn u c nhng quan im lch s lm ch da lm bi cnh. V vy, chng ta cn c lch s quan nh th no? Vi s ch o ca lch s quan , chng ta s nh gi giai on lch s v nhng nhn vt trong nh th no? tp ILVIII trc, ti ni qua, ni n gin v lch s giai on Tam Quc. My li l khng ton din, khng h thng, khng hon chnh v cng khng th ton din, h thng v hon chnh. V cun sch (v nhng tit mc in nh c lin quan) ch l Bnh Tam Quc, khng phi Tam Quc s, chng ta khng th i hi theo tiu chun ca Tam Quc s. Nhng d l bnh, c mt s vn khng th khng tr li. Nh, Tam Quc l mt on lch s nh th no? Nn nhn nhn giai on lch s ny nh th no? Nn nh gi nhng nhn vt trong nh th no? Vn l rt kh, i hi chng ta phi c lch s quan v phng php lun khoa hc. Ti lin nh ti cun sch, ca K.Marx Ngy mi tm thng sng m ca Louis Bonaparte, ti c li b sch kinh in v hiu ra. Hiu ra iu g? Sau khi a chu ca Napoleon lm chnh bin, mi ngi u cm thy kinh d, nhng khng ai hiu n. V o ngha ai cng phn n, cng c ngi phn tch qua loa. Ch c Mc tr li mt vn : V sao Louis Bonaparte, mt con ngi dung tc ng bun ci c th ph din mt vai anh hng. V sao vy? V cuc u tranh giai cp Php to nn mt iu kin v cc th. Chnh nh iu kin v cc th , anh ta c th phn son ng n, lm nn mt cu chuyn chn ng c gii chnh tr chu u. C th ni, mt nhn vt lch s no tr thnh anh hng, ch yu l nh vo iu kin v cc th lc . y, iu kin v cc th quan trng hn t cht v phm cht ca c nhn. Phn tch iu kin v cc th cng quan trng hn nhiu so vi v o ngha m phn n. R rng phng php lun v lch s quan ca Mc c y sc sng. N hp vi lch s Tam Quc. Tam Quc l thi i ca nhng anh hng, anh hng Tam Quc v tt l dung tc v bun ci nhng cng c to nn t mt iu kin v cc th. Chng ta cn phi thot ra khi Tam Quc xem Tam Quc, t gc hng trng xem li i th thin h thi .

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I. S tc thay th qu tc Ni ra th, lch s Tam Quc rt c bit, thm ch khng th dt. Bi v na phn trc thuc v ng Hn, na phn sau thuc v Ngy Tn. Sau ng Hn l Ngy Tn. Nm Kin An th XXV ca Hn l nm Hong S u tin ca Ngy. Tam Quc nh Hn khng phi Hn, nh Ngy khng phi Ngy, ngi th ba chen chn, hon ton l on xen k. K thc, Ngy Tn cng Nam Bc triu sau ny, sao li khng th coi l mt on xen k? C iu so vi Tam Quc, Ngy Tn v Nam Bc triu c coi l on xen k ln nht. Ngy Tn v Nam Bc triu c 369 nm khng ngn, v tnh th chnh tr, hnh thi t nc ca nhng nc ny l xa nay cha tng c. Trc v sau u c hai vng triu thng nht v phn trc th ngn, phn sau th di. Trc th c Tn v Hn v thi gian ca Tn th ngn, thi gian ca Hn th di; phn sau l Tu v ng, thi gian ca Tu th ngn, thi gian ca ng th di. C iu, thi gian ca Tn v Tu tuy ngn nhng l thng nht. Thi gian ca Ngy Tn v Nam Bc triu tuy di, nhng thng nht mt na, chia ct mt na v thi gian thng nht l ngn, thi gian chia ct l di. y khng th ni l trng hp, m phi gii thch bng tnh hp l ca lch s. Ni v nc Tn trc. V sao Tn li ngn? V y l lc thay i ca lch s Trung Quc, va thay giai cp thng tr va thay hnh thi t nc. Trc Tn, ai l giai cp thng tr? L giai cp lnh cha. Cn sau Tn? L giai cp a ch. Hnh thi t nc trc Tn l th no? L bang quc. Cn sau Tn? L quc. Bang quc v quc c g khc nhau? Bang quc l ch phong kin, quc l ch qun huyn. Phong kin, l phong t dng nc. Th no l phong t dng nc? Phong t, tc l hoch nh khu vc; dng nc, l ch nh vua ca nc. Ni c th, mt vng t tri n t gi l thin h, thin h c mt v vua chung, gi l thin t. Thin t chia thin h thnh nhiu lnh vc v phong cho cc ch hu gi l quc. Ch hu li chia quc thnh nhiu phn ri phong cho i phu, gi l gia. i phu, ch hu, thin t u c lnh a, v vy u l lnh cha. C iu, i phu c lnh a nhng khng c chnh quyn, ch c th gi l gia. Ch hu c lnh a, c chnh quyn, nn gi l quc. Gia quc v quc c th giao chin, ho hp, lin minh, thng thng, nhng u phi tn th thin t l ch chung ca thin h. y l phong kin ch cng l bang quc ch. Ngha ln ca phong kin ch l phong t dng nc, c im qun huyn ch l Trung ng tp quyn. Phong kin ch l mt thin h c nhiu quc gia; mt thin t, c nhiu quc qun, qun huyn ch li l mt thin h, mt quc gia, mt nguyn th, mt chnh ph. Mt s quc vn c ch quyn c lp, khng cn na, hp thnh mt quc gia thng nht, nh Tn hoc Hn. ng thi cng l thin h. Mt

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s quc qun vn c ch quyn c lp cng khng cn na, hp li thnh quc qun, nh Tn Thu Hong v Hn Cao T. ng thi cng c thin h. Thin t l quc qun ca mt quc gia thng nht, cng l nguyn th quc gia duy nht ca thin h. Khng cn gi l vng m l hong . V vy, ch ny gi l quc ch. quc ch ch tha nhn mt quc gia, mt nguyn th, vy, d quc c ch quyn c lp hay mt gia khng c ch quyn c lp th u khng c tn ti. Quc v gia trong thi i bang quc, cn phi tr thnh qun, huyn ca quc. Quan h gia qun huyn v quc l quan h gia a phng v trung ng. Ngi qun l qun, huyn l quan vin do chnh ph trung ng b nhim. Gi l ch qun huyn. Qun huyn ch v phong kin ch cng c ch khc bit, thin t, ch hu, i phu trong thi i phong kin (thi i bang quc) u l th tp; thi i qun huyn (thi i quc) ch c hong l th tp, qun th v huyn lnh th khng th tp. Khng ch qun th, huyn lnh m mi quan vin ca quc, bt lun l trung ng hay a phng, v nguyn tc u khng th tp. Th tp l qu tc, khng th tp l quan vin. V vy, phong kin ch ng thi cng l qu tc ch, qun huyn ch, ng thi cng l quan liu ch. By gi chng ta r. Bang quc ch, v phong kin ch, qu tc ch l ba v mt th, quc ch cng qun huyn ch, quan liu ch l ba v mt th. Thi i bang quc, thin t, ch hu, i phu u l lnh cha; v vy giai cp thng tr n l giai cp lnh cha. Thi i quc, quan liu l ngi qun l t nc. Quan liu khng c lnh a, khng th tp, v vy giai cp thng tr quc l giai cp a ch. Tn dit su nc, thng nht thin h, khng cn l phong kin, bin qu tc ch thnh quan liu ch, bin phong kin ch thnh qun huyn ch, bin bang quc ch thnh quc ch, do giai cp a ch thay th giai cp lnh cha tr thnh giai cp thng tr. Rt r rng, y l ln thay i ln, v mu thun x hi rt gay gt, xung t giai cp rt kch lit. Thm vo , giai cp thng tr mi thiu kinh nghim, chn hnh thi thc (php gia hc thuyt) sai lm, cng vi phng thc thng tr (phng thc bo lc) sai lm, khin cho ngi on tri gin t, kt qu sau hai i mt. Giai cp thng tr thi Hn nhn c bi hc ca i Tn, thay i hnh thi thc (trc l o gia hc thuyt, sau l Nho gia hc thuyt), ng thi ci bin c phng thc thng tr (trc l dn ngh ngi, sau l tp dng vng b), nn thin h thi bnh, nh Hn di hn 400 nm. Lch s nh Tn tuy ngn, nhng Tn l ngi khai sng. Hn ch l ngi chp hnh di chc chnh tr ca triu Tn. Khng ch Lng Hn m cc triu i sau ny u thc hnh ch do nh Tn sng lp nn. Giai cp thng tr thi i quc u l giai cp a ch. Nhng giai cp a ch cng c nhiu loi hnh. V vy c nhiu loi giai cp a ch khc nhau gi vai tr thng tr trong cc thi k lch s khc nhau. C

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th l, Tn Hn l a ch qu tc, Ngy Tn l a ch s tc, Tu ng sau ny l a ch th tc. Phong kin lnh cha dn chuyn bin thnh a ch qu tc. Phong kin lnh cha u l qu tc, nn cn c gi l giai cp lnh cha qu tc. Sau khi Tn dit c 6 nc ph b phong kin ch ca phong t dng nc thay th bng qun huyn ch ca Trung ng tp quyn. Lnh cha u bin thnh a ch. a ch t lnh cha bin thnh, nn vn cn t tnh cht qu tc. V vy, ch c a ch qu tc, mi l nhng a ch ln nht, a ch cm quyn, a ch khng ch c nh nc v chnh ph trung ng. chnh l hong tc v ngoi thch cng nhng cng hu c thc p. Trong s h c ngi c phong tc, c ngi c phong t, nhng u l nhng ngi c sn quyn khng c tr quyn, hoc ni c ti quyn khng c chnh quyn, khng th hnh s ch quyn quc gia c lp, ch c th hng th li ch kinh t, thu m. Khng chnh quyn, v chnh tr l a ch; c ti quyn, v kinh t l lnh cha. Nhng ngi nh vy, nn gi l na lnh cha na a ch, chng ngi g gi l qu tc a ch. H l ngi thng tr ca quc Tn Hn. V vy, Tn Hn l thi i giai cp a ch qu tc. Nhng, bn cht ca ch quc l khng c qu tc. V vy, trong ni b giai cp thng tr quc cng phi thay i, do a ch qu tc i thnh a ch s tc, cui cng ri thnh a ch th tc. Trong tp ng ring ng quy chng ta ni, s tc, l gia tc i i lm quan, cn gi l vng tc (c danh vng), th tc (c quyn th). Nhng nh th dn va khng c quyn th va khng c danh vng, gi l Hn mn, cn gi l Th tc hoc Hn tc. V sao a ch th tc li l giai cp thng tr cui cng ca quc trong mt thi gian di t Tu ng ti Minh Thanh? Bi v giai cp ny rt ph hp vi yu cu ca quc. a ch th tc l giai cp a ch a v x hi thp nht, vo c chnh quyn t nc, h phi thng qua hc tp v thi c. i i phi hc tp v thi c, khng c th tp. iu hon ton hp iu, mi ngi rt yn tm. Ch thnh vin giai cp th tc vo chnh quyn t nc bng hc tp v thi c gi l khoa c ch. Khoa l m khoa thi; c, l tuyn chn quan vin. Ch thng qua vic thi chn ngi gii, gi l khoa c. Thi c th t lu c, thi k Lng Tn c ch Hiu lim thi kinh, t ti thi sch. Nhng, mi ti lc Tu Vn bi b cu phm trung chnh ch th khoa c ch mi c chnh thc ng n lch s. V vy, Tu, cng l thi i c s thay i v cng ging nh Tn thi gian rt ngn. ng nhin, y l s thay i nh. Nhng cuc u tranh y khng kch lit nh thi Tn. y, quc tm c mt ch thch hp nht vi yu cu ca mnh v nhn s v giai cp thng tr, nn vic thay triu i i sau ny ch l vic

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trong ni b giai cp a ch th tc, tc l ch thay i ngi thng tr, gi nguyn giai cp thng tr. C iu lch s pht trin cn mt qu trnh, giai cp a ch qu tc khng th mt lc bin thnh giai cp a ch th tc. R rng cn c s qu v c tc dng qu y l giai cp a ch s tc. S tc v qu tc c g khc nhau? Qu tc da vo quan h huyt thng tr thnh qu tc, s tc da vo hc hnh v lm quan tr thnh s tc. V s tc, th tc li khc nhau nhng g? Th tc qua c sch v thi c lm quan, s tc xt v xut thn gia nh l ch yu lm quan. V vy, s tc na ging qu tc na ging th tc, nn c tc dng qu . Ngy Tn Nam Bc triu chnh l thi k qu . L thi k qu , ch chnh tr ca Lng Tn Nam Bc triu l ch mn phit, hoc ch s tc. Ch mn phit, mt ngi mun lm quan, ngoi vic hc cn phi xt danh vng ting tm, ng cp sang hn, cng lao tng tri ca gia tc ngi . Danh vng ting tm l mn vng, ng cp sang hn l mn , cng lao tng tri l phit duyt. Thi , trc cng cc nh s hon thng c hai ct tr ghi chp cng lao tng tri ca gia tc. bn tri gi l phit ghi r cng lao. bn phi gi l duyt ghi r qu trnh tng tri. Phit v duyt u t ch mn. Ch mn tc l gia mn, cng tc l gia tc. Mn vng, mn , phit duyt hp li gi l mn phit. Mn vng c cao c thp, danh vng cao th gi l vng tc. Mn cng c cao c thp, ng cp cao gi l cao mn. Mt gia tc c sch, lm quan, thm ch i i lm quan th c gi l vng tc, cao mn. Lm quan mi c phit duyt, c phit duyt mi c danh vng, ng cp. V vy, mn vng, mn , phit duyt l ba trong mt th nn mi gi l mn phit. Mn phit ch mt gia tc cao sang hin hch lm quan thi . Ch mn phit l ch bo v li ch chnh tr ca giai cp. N thc thi phng n Cu phm quan nhn php hoc Cu phm trung chnh ch. ng nhin s tc thch c mt ch nh vy. Nht l s tc lp trung bnh v cao li cng thch, v h c th lng on quyn li lm quan. Cui cng th ch ny cng c thc thi. V s tc cui nhng nm ng Hn bt u lng on quyn lm quan. ng nh trong Trung Quc thng s ca ngi Phm Vn Lan ni: Cu phm quan nhn php l mt quy nh php lut thnh s thc. Nhng, lng on quyn lm quan l bin quan chc khng th th tp thnh th tp, lp nn th tp ch khng phi l th tp, hoc l bn th tp ch ca tp on quan liu. Hin nhin, khng ph hp vi yu cu ca ch quc. Ch quc yu cu khng c th tp trong quan liu. Do ch mn phit cn phi rt khi v i lch s, nhng ch cho ch khoa c hon ton khng c th tp trong quan liu. Giai cp a ch s tc cng phi ri khi v i lch s, nhng ch cho giai cp a ch th tc khng lng on quyn

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lm quan. Chnh v vy, chng ta mi ni Ngy Tn Nam Bc Triu l s xen k ln trong lch s. iu rt vui l, trc s xen k ln cn c mt on xen k nh. l Tam Quc. Trong tp ng ring ng quy, chng ta ni, trong nhng nm cui thi ng Hn, s tc lng on con ng lm quan, khng ch d lun, bin thnh cng ho. Lng on ng lm quan l chim lnh thng tng kin trc; khng ch d lun, l nm ly hnh thi thc; bin thnh cng ho, l nm trn c s kinh t. Nh vy l nm c t nc. Nu c th ny m pht trin tip th giai cp a ch s tc s tr thnh giai cp thng tr quc. Vy th, lch trnh ca lch s s khng lon, bn tnh nh ca s tc sao c th vt i c? Nhng thc l bt hnh, mn phit gp phi qun phit. II. Mn phit gp phi qun phit Qun phit l l cng ho a phng c lc lng v trang c lp ca ring mnh. Loi cng ho ny c t rt sm, l loi th ho c sinh ra do vng triu ng Hn khng lu tm, khng khng ch ni. Cui thi ng Hn, nht l sau lc Khn vng khi ngha, nng lc khng ch a phng ca chnh ph trung ng tr nn yu t, th lc bn th ho cng thm mnh. Trong s h, c ngi xng hng xng b a phng, gi l ho b; c ngi xy dng i v trang ring, gi l ho soi; c ngi li dng quan chc c triu nh b nhim ct c, tr thnh ch hu. V h u c lc lng v trang, nn u l qun phit. C iu, trc lc Hn Linh t th, h cha l g c. Cn c iu kin tin quyt qun phit tr thnh mt lc lng, l chnh ph trung ng phi , hoc danh cn, lc ht. Trung ng khng khng ch c a phng, cng ho lin xng b; quan vn khng tr l c quc gia, qun phit lin honh hnh. Sut na th h tr thnh s tc ca giai cp thng tr, ch c th trao li quyn thng tr. Trn thc t s tc (bao gm c cc th lc chnh tr khc) th lc rt ln, nhng nguyn nhn c bn l tp on trung ng, triu nh cn c th hiu lnh thin h. Nhng nu hong thc s tr thnh n c, thm ch thin t bin thnh lng t, mc th cc a phng khng theo s ch huy, h cng chng cn cch no khc. Lc ny, n thun l mn danh vng cao cng v dng, n nh n tn cng vt, ch cn c sng l ni chuyn c. Ai cm chc cy sng? Qun phit. Ai cho chnh ph trung ng cn ci danh nhng quyn th ht? Cng chnh l qun phit. V chng ta bit r chnh l ng Trc. ng Trc l qun phit u tin nh vo v i lch s. ng Trc vn l cng ho a phng Lng Chu, l ngi sm bit dng binh. B thuc ca ng Trc, nh li ngi Phm Vn Lan, l th b mt s a phng, l ho th ca tc Khng

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tc H. u l qun phit. ng Trc vo Lc Dng khng phi lm qun phit, m xy dng mt trt t mi. Vn ch, ng Trc khng h bit trt t mi phi xy dng nh th no, bn thn ng Trc cng chng c ch g. Kt qu, cha xy dng c trt t mi th mnh ca trt t c li sp ht. Mn n ny ng nhin khng th ht ln u ng Trc, ni n cng th v vng triu ng Hn qu mc nt ch cn ng nh l . Trong tp ng ring ng quy chng ta ni, quc i H ca vng triu ng Hn c ba cy ct chng . Ba cy ct l ai? Ngoi thch, Hon quan v s tc. Ngoi thch l nh m ca hong hu, hong thi hu, ni thng thng l hong thn quc thch. Mt ngi con gi nu c lm hong hu th ngi nh m c ta chng khc g g, ch c ln tri. Nu hong cht sm, tn hong tui nh phi lo liu vic nc, thi hu phi ln triu, triu chnh d dng ri vo tay ngi nh thi hu, tc l ngoi thch. Thi ng Hn l nh vy. Thi ng Hn c mi ba v hong , bao gm c thiu Lu Bin. Ngoi Quang V u tin th 62 tui, th n Hn Minh th 48 tui, cui cng l Hn Hiu th 30 tui, mi mt ngi khc u khng n 20 tui. Tui ln nht, Hn Chng 19 tui; tui t nht, Hn Thng ch c 100 ngy. Hn Xung ch c 2 tui. Triu ng Hn c su ln thi hu lm triu, ngoi thch chp chnh. Thi Hn Ho , u thi hu lm triu, u Hiu chp chnh; thi Hn An , ng thi hu lm triu, ng Cht chp chnh; Thi Bc Hng hu, Dim thi hu lm triu, Dim Hin chp chnh; Thi Hn Hon , Lng thi hu lm triu, Lng K chp chnh; Thi Hn Linh , Lng thi hu lm triu, u V chp chnh; Thi Hong Nng vng, H thi hu lm triu, H Tin chp chnh. Thy r, vng triu ng Hn c ti gn na thi gian do thi hu v ngoi thch lo vic nc. Ngoi thch cm quyn, ng nhin hong khng vui. V vy s hong nh tui ny sau khi thn chnh u mun ot quyn. H c cc hon quan gip . Hon quan v li ch ca mnh, c th gip hong , thm ch thay hong git ngoi thch. V d, Cng nguyn nm 92... git u Hin, Cng nguyn nm 121 git ng Cht. Cng nguyn nm 125 git Dim Hin, Cng nguyn nm 159 git Lng K, Cng nguyn nm 168 git u V, Cng nguyn nm 189 git H Tin. iu ny rt c ngha. Vng triu ng Hn, su ln thi hu lm triu, ngoi thch chp chnh. C su v ngoi thch chp chnh u b git do hong da vo hon quan hoc hon quan gip hong , thm ch t hon quan c ch trng git h. V vy hon quan v ngoi thch mu thun rt ln. S cung nh ng Hn, gn nh l s u tranh gia hon quan v ngoi thch. Trong cuc u tranh ny, s tc lun thin v ngoi thch, tuy h chng thch g cch ln quyn ca ngoi thch, nhng h cn cm ght hn l hon quan tham lam, l tiu nhn theo chn hon quan, tranh ot quyn li hng lm quan. V vy, sau khi Hn Hin qua i, s tc m i biu l

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Vin Thiu lin hp cng ngoi thch m i biu l H Tin u tranh sng mi vi tp on hon quan. Kt qu l hon quan git cht H Tin, Vin Thiu git hon quan, ngoi thch ln hon quan u ht i. Ba ct chng ca quc i H mt hai, cn li mt cy rt kh chng. Lc ny th ng Trc c s tc (Vin Thiu) mi n. y l thi khc mu cht. Nu ng Trc l s tc, hoc l ngi s tc c th tip nhn th c l lch s sang trang. Mc cho ng Trc mun da vo s tc xy dng li mt trt t mi cho quc, nhng s tc khng mun hp tc vi ng Trc v ng Trc cng chng bit phi lm g hp tc vi s tc. ng Trc l k lm ba, honh hnh ln quyn, khng tun theo php ch, khng gi l ngha, nn b s tc h ho c nc cng git, thin h cng nh k th ca nhn dn. Vng Don cm u triu quan tm cch m st; Vin Thiu cm u ngoi quan, khi binh nh ui. Triu d mt phen hn lon. Lc ny, quc vn ln xn bt an cng thm ln xn, thin h ca mn phit bin thnh thin h ca qun phit. Mt mt triu nh phi chu mc, th s, thi th n cc vng, cm qun t lo t lm, ct c mt phng; mt khc th gia i tc cng vt bt b ba ua nhau chiu binh mi m, ko b kt ng, chim ni xng vng, to ln th lin qun quc, trung bnh th chim thnh p, nho nh th t tp c trm c ngn (To Phi in lun), danh ngha l nh ng Trc, thc t l chim a bn. ng Trc, mt qun phit khng mun l qun phit, khin nhiu ngi thnh qun phit. Lch s bc vo thi i qun phit, nn, ch c qun phit mi gii quyt c cc din, mn phit phi b tay. Th no l mn phit? L cc gia tc i i hin hch c qu trng. Th no l qun phit? L nhng tp on dng binh t liu. i i hin qu hoc dng binh t liu u c a v v lc lng c bit, chi phi ton b x hi, v vy u gi l phit. Nhng mn phit da vo danh vng mn tr thnh phit, cn qun phit li da vo lc lng v trang thnh phit. Danh vng mn khng u ni vi lc lng v trang, v vy, mn phit cng u khng li vi qun phit. Mn phit gp qun phit nh t ti gp lnh, c l m khng c ni, tr phi h u l qun phit. S tc khng phi l khng c gng v mt ny. Vin Thiu v Vin Thut u l mn phit kim qun phit. Lu Biu v Lu Yn li l Tng tht kim qun phit. ng l h mt thi phong quang. Nht l Vin Thiu, o mo vng tc, bn i tam cng, mn sinh l quan li khp thin h, cn c c t ca bn chu K, Thanh, Tinh, U, hn na phng bc, c th coi l tri hu i ring, nhng v ti ln kh th, nn khng th trn i. Thiu tr thnh minh ch lin minh nh ng Trc. R rng l giai

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cp s tc khoc bo gip ln ngi Thiu. Nhng ri th no? u tht bi. V sao li tht bi? V To Tho va xut hin. To Tho khng phi s tc, Tho xut thn t gia nh hon quan tng b s tc mit th v cm ght nht. To Tho vn khng phi l qun phit, Tho tay trng chy n Lc Dng, khng qun, khng tng, khng quan chc, v sau vung tin, tp hp ngha binh Trn Lu, thc lc l c hn. V vy, tp on cng ty lin qun Quan ng mi khng coi Tho l c ng. To Tho t bit mnh chng my vn ling, nn, cam chu lm qun tt trong lin qun. Nhng ch hu Quan ng li l l t t t li, mt chut m h, li rt u rt c, khin Tho v cng tht vng. Cui cng th To Tho hiu, th gia i tc ch l h danh, mn phit u khng li qun phit. To Tho quyt nh bin mnh thnh qun phit, sau mi ginh ly giang sn. Trn thc t, ngi khng s tc din tr chnh l To Tho. Sau nhiu nm c gng, To Tho bin thnh qun phit, nhng l qun phit khc hng. Rt nhiu qun phit thi (nh Lu Yn) ch mun ct c mt phng xng hong . Ring Tho li mun thng nht thin h. y l im mt. im hai, Tho cn suy ngh khc sau khi Trung Quc c thng nht. Suy ngh ca Tho, nh ni trong tp ng ring ng quy, xy dng mt chnh quyn khng s tc, t ra khng i vo ng c ca ng Hn, phi i mi v mt chnh tr. y l iu khc vi Vin Thiu. Vin Thiu cng mun lp li trt t v l th trt t c i din cho li ch giai cp a ch s tc. l iu khc bit gia ng Trc, Vin Thiu v To Tho. ng Trc ph v trt t c, Vin Triu ng h trt t c, To Tho mun xy dng mt trt t mi. ng Trc ch bit ph hoi, khng bit xy dng, v vy To Tho lin hp vi Vin Thiu chng li ng Trc v ra sc xy dng li trt t b ng Trc ph hoi. Nhng phi xy dng li mt trt t nh th no th h li khc nhau v lp trng v quan im, c v ng li, v vy h phi hm hc chia tay, thm ch quyt mt trn sng mi. Vy, vi To Tho c d dng g khng? Khng d dng. Giai cp s tc phn i kch lit hnh vi ca To Tho. Biu hin r nht trong hai trn chin, Duyn chu v Quan . Trn nh Duyn chu chng ta ni r trong tp Tin thoi ht ch ta, l ma h thi Hn Hin Hng Bnh nm u (Cng nguyn nm 194), Trng Mc v Trn Cung nhn lc To Tho i nh T chu phn bin, lin hp vi L B cp cn c a ca To Tho. Nu khng c Tun c v Trnh Dc, H Hu n gi vng Quyn Thnh, Phm huyn, ng A th To Tho nh ch nh c tang. Trng Mc v Trn Cung l bn c ca To Tho, v sao phi lm phn? V trc , To Tho git Bin Nhng danh s Duyn chu, khin s tc v danh s cng phn (iu ny Hu Hn th v T tr thng gim ni khc

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nhau). y ni theo T tr thng gim. Tho git Bin Nhng nhm uy hip s tc, kt qu sut na cht khng c t chn. Phn i s tc u c d dng! Nhng s tc vn cha bp c To Tho v lc lng ca Vin Thiu cng ngy mt mnh hn. V vy trn chin Quan mi xy ra. Nu ni trn chin Duyn chu l s tp kch t xut ca th gia i tc vo To Tho, th trn chin Quan l trn quyt chin ln gia hai ng li ca hai giai cp. Ngi in D Khnh ni ng, chin tranh gia Vin v To l chin tranh gia s tc v hn tc trong x hi, v hnh thi thc l chin tranh gia Nho gia v Php gia (chin tranh To Vin v th gia i tc). Vin Thiu thng, thin h l s tc v Nho gia; To Tho thng, chnh quyn mi v trt t mi s do hn tc v Php gia xy dng. V vy, chin tranh Quan l chin tranh quyt nh vn mnh v tin Trung Quc lc . Trn chin thc kinh in v quyt lit. By gi khng ch c giai cp a ch s tc mc gip tr cho Vin Thiu m ngay c mt s ngi khng l s tc cng xem trng Vin Thiu, xem thng To Tho. ng Tha chnh bin, Lu B phn chy, D Chu nhiu ni hn lon, T chu qun huyn hng Vin, Lu Biu ngm ngm lm phn, Tn Sch mu m nh ln, lnh t danh s Khng Dung n thi tin tc ra khp Ha , ni rng khng th nh bi c Vin Thiu, xung quanh To Tho l li ca ca nc S. Nu khng c Tun c v nhng ngi khc kin quyt chng e Tho kh b ng vng. Trong tp Thin h quy tm, chng ta ni ti chuyn, sau khi chin thng Vin Thiu, Tho cho t ht tt c th tn va thu c, l giy t t thng vi Vin Thiu. To Tho gii thch c cn khng t gi c, sao trch ngi khc! Vic ny lun c xem l To Tho rng lng hoc quyn thut. K thc l rng lng hay quyn thut l do buc phi th, v c bn To Tho khng dm truy cu tip. Cui cng th To Tho thng, Vin Thiu tht bi. Lc ny th lch trnh lch s ri lon n tn cng. Lc ng Trc nh ti, giai cp a ch s tc tuy b trng thng, nhng h vn c th k vng Vin Thiu s tc kim qun phit, c coi l k ng v khiu chin sinh tn. Vin Thiu bi trn th mi hy vng u bin thnh my khi. H Vin l vng tc li hi nht trong s tc khng th thnh cng th nhng ngi khc s ra sao? Xem ra, trong thi i qun phit ny, ngi xut thn t s tc khng cn tr din, tr phi h t bin mnh thnh qun phit. Ch c th l ngi xut thn khng phi s tc mi nn chuyn, nh Lu B v Tn Quyn. Lu B v Tn Quyn u khng phi s tc v u l qun phit, y l im h ging vi To Tho. Ci khc l, chnh quyn ca h u xy dng min Nam. V cng chnh v h min Nam, mi c th thnh th chn vc ca To Tho. V vy, To Tho chin thng Vin Thiu l hn tc chin thng s tc; Tn Lu chng li To Tho

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l min Nam chng li min Bc. Vy, v sao min Nam c th chng li min Bc? ng sau s chng i ny c iu g l huyn diu? III. Min Nam chng li min Bc Min Nam ch l ba chu: ch, Kinh v Dng v mt bn ca Trng Giang. Thi , ba chu ny thuc loi Vng km pht trin. Chnh v km pht trin, nn vo thi u Tam Quc (ng Trc vo kinh n trn chin Xch Bch), y l chin trng ch yu trong u tranh chnh tr v qun s. Ngoi vic Vin Thut chim c min Bc Dng chu vi xng vng xng b , th qun phit va c d tm va c thc lc theo ng ngha ca n nh To Tho v Vin Thiu vn l lc lng trong tranh ginh Trung Nguyn. Cn qun phit xp hng nht nh L B, th chin trng chinh chin l min Bc. Min Nam km pht trin tr thnh ni triu nh v nhng ngi tai to mt ln c th s ti, nht thi l ni khng cn c th t lo t liu. V nh vy, s qun phit thc lc tng i nh c th s ht, ba chu ni trn, ch hu ct c mt phng ch cn l Lu Yn, Lu Biu v Tn Sch. Tn Sch c th lm nn chuyn pha Nam, k cng l vic l, v ba chu bn Trng Giang ny vn l ca h Lu. Theo Hu Hn th - Lu Yn truyn thi Hn Linh , nin hiu Trung Bnh th V (Cng nguyn nm 188), i ph vi cuc khi ngha ca Khn vng, triu nh tip nhn kin ca Lu Yn, gia thm quyn cho cc quan chu, i th s l chu mc, phi trng thn triu nh v hong tht ra lo gi. Ct c ln th nht c thi ph (b trng trng coi vic xe nga cho thin t) Hong Uyn nhn D chu mc; Tng chnh (b trng trng coi tng tht hong tc) Lu Ngu, l U chu mc. Bn thn Lu Yn l ch chu mc. Ba v chu mc ny c hai v l Tng tht, Lu Yn v Lu Ngu. v sau triu nh cn b nhim Lu Biu l bn v trong tng tht l chu mc, ch chu mc Lu Yn, U chu mc Lu Ngu, Kinh chu mc Lu Biu v Dng chu mc Lu Do. Nin hiu Kin An nm u (Cng nguyn nm 196), To Tho tin c Lu B l D chu mc, c th v Lu B l tng tht, c th nhim mnh theo l. ng nhin, l chuyn sau ny. Lu Yn, Lu Ngu, Lu Biu, Lu Do, trong bn v l chu mc, c ba v vng Trng Giang. Lu Yn ch chu, Lu Biu Kinh chu, Lu Do Dng chu. Tnh hnh ba chu ny l khc nhau, cnh ng ca ba v chu mc cng khc nhau. V mt pht trin, chng nh Dng chu l tt nht, th n Kinh chu, ch chu l km nht. Ni v tnh cnh ca ba ngi th ngc li, Lu Yn c v tt nht, th n Lu Biu, Lu Do l km nht. Bn thn Lu Do khng c ti trng gi bin cng, t Dng chu cng b chia lm i. Pha ty Trng Giang (Giang ng), b Tn Sch dm ng. Kt qu, Lu Do binh bi, lm bnh v mt, bn trong su qun ca Dng chu l Ng qun, Ci K, an Dng, D chng ri vo tay Tn Sch, l c s thnh lp chnh quyn Tn Ng sau ny.

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Thng T nin hiu Kin An th V (Cng nguyn nm 200), Tn Quyn tip nhn chnh quyn Tn th. Lc ny To Tho v Vin Thiu ang i ch Quan , thng bi th no cha r. Nhng k t sau thng mi nm , cng l lc To Tho va chin thng Vin Thiu, bn cnh Tn Quyn c ngi nu kin lp hiu vng ly thin h. Ngi chnh l L Tc. Quy hoch ca L Tc, cn gi l Long Trung i theo ng Ng bn gm ba bc. Bc mt, cng c Giang ng, cng vi Trung Nguyn (To Tho), Kinh chu (Lu Biu) lp th chu vc; bc hai, lc thch hp ot ly Kinh chu, chim c ton b Lu vc Trng Giang, khng theo min Bc; bc ba, xng dng nc, mu cu thng nht thin h. So vi bn quy hoch by nm sau Gia Ct Lng lp cho Lu B Long Trung, y c im ging nhau n k l, c hai u ch trng phn ba trc, v thng nht sau, v u l min Nam chng li min Bc. C iu, L Tc ni ba nh, l To Tho, Tn Quyn, Lu Biu; Gia Ct Lng ni, l To Tho, Tn Quyn, Lu B. Nhng khi nim l ging nhau, tc l Trung Nguyn, Giang ng v Kinh chu. Kinh chu trong tay Lu Biu, tc l To Tho, Tn Quyn, Lu Biu, Lu B. Trn thc t, Lu Biu qua i, Lu Tn u hng, L Tc v Tn Quyn iu chnh lun. Khng ch i ngi trong kch l Lu Biu thnh Lu B, m cn i c sch lc vi Kinh chu t chng i thnh lin hp. T y thy r tc dng ca L Tc l v cng quan trng khi ba nc Ngy, Thc, Ng hnh thnh th chn vc. Ai cng bit, nu khng c lin minh Tn Lu th khng c trn chin Xch Bch; khng c trn chin Xch Bch s khng c th chn vc ca ba nc; v quyn ch ng trong lin minh Tn Lu li thuc v Tn Quyn. Tn Quyn khng chu lin minh th Lu B, Gia Ct Lng cng chng c cch g. Vy, v sao Tn Quyn li quyt tm lin Lu chng To? Mt trong my nguyn nhn c L Tc ni r t by nm trc. Trong ln mt m lc cng ung ru trn ging, L Tc khng ch c quy hoch chin lc cho Tn Quyn m cn ch r cn c ca quy hoch , tc l Hn tht khng th phc hng, To Tho khng th tr ngay. L Tc phn on i th thin h l nh vy v l s phn on chnh xc. Chng ta cn bit, iu ng s nht vi mt chnh tr gia l hnh th khng r rng, mc tiu khng chnh xc. L Tc phn tch tnh hnh, Tn Quyn hiu r. Hn tht khng th hng phc, vy, t b nghip n nghip l c th; To Tho khng th loi b ngay, vy, trc phn ba sau thng nht l cn thit; Tn Quyn v To Tho phi vch sng tr th min Nam chng li min Bc l tt yu. Nhng, min Nam nh yu, min Bc ln mnh, mun chng li min Bc th khng th khng lin hp. chnh l nguyn nhn L Tc quyt tm lin minh vi Lu B, v y l nguyn nhn Tn Quyn tham gia trn chin Xch Bch cun sng. R rng ngha i sch trn ging ca L Tc khng h thua km i sch Long Trung ca Gia Ct Lng. Trn thc t, quy hoch chin lc ca Gia Ct Lng

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c cao siu, su xa n my th vi ba ln n lu tranh lc , Lu B lm g c iu kin thc hin. Thm ch sau lc bi trn chy n ng Dng, iu m Lu B suy ngh l phi chy tip n vi Ng C thi th Thng Ng, sau ny L Tc ni vui l ch lo chy lung tung, u cn ngh ti vic thin h chia ba! ng nhin, chy n vi Ng C ch l nh, bi v Lu B cn c th n vi Lu K Giang H. V nu khng c L Tc kin quyt lin minh v Chu Du kin quyt chng gic, khng bit tin ca Lu B s ra sao na! Chy n vi Ng C th sc cng lc kit c ko di hn, chy n vi Lu K th nguy him rnh rp mt sng mt chiu. To Tho khng nh m ly c Tng Dng, th nh ch tre ly nt Giang Lng, i ph vi Lu K, Lu B ch l vic sm mun g cng xy ra. Lc ny th sinh mnh ca Lu B thc kh gi, ni chi ti vic thc thi i sch Long Trung ca Gia Ct Lng? V vy, sau ny khi chy n Long Mn, Lu B khng ch phi cm n Gia Ct Lng m cn phi cm n L Tc na. Lu B cn phi cm n mt ngi, l To Tho. Nu To Tho khng nh Kinh chu hoc sau khi ly c Giang Lng khng tin tip v pha ng th c th s vic khc. Nhng xem ra To Tho khng nh trn ny khng c. Th nht, Tho phi ot c Kinh chu. Kinh chu l ni then cht nht trong ba chu tuyn mt ca Trng Giang. ot c Kinh chu, nht l chim c Giang Lng, ngc ln c th nh ly ch chu, xui xung c th ly gn Dng chu. y cng l l do sau ny Lu B v Tn Quyn phi liu mng ginh ly Kinh chu. Ngc li nu b Kinh chu th khng bao gi Tho n c min Nam Trng Giang, s thc t nay v sau s chng minh r iu ny. V vy, khi quy hoch cho To Tho, Quch gia ni: Phi nh Kinh chu trc. Sau chin tranh Quan , bn thn To Tho hai ln nh nh Lu Biu. Mt ln l vo ma xun nm Kin An th VI (Cng nguyn nm 201), Tun c can ngn; mt ln khc l vo ma thu nm Kin An th VIII (Cng nguyn nm 203), Tun c li can. Tun c nu l do, th lc Vin Thiu cha b tiu dit, tp on Vin Thiu Ngi vn cn, cha ht. Nhng n nm Kin An th IX (Cng nguyn nm 204), To Tho cng ph Nghip Thnh; nm Kin An th X (Cng nguyn nm 205), ton b K chu ri vo tay To Tho; nm Kin An th XII (Cng nguyn nm 207), c th lc ct c ca Vin Thiu lm hu thun, Hon cng bnh nh xong. Lc ny, To Tho ht lo v ho pha sau, hon ton c th ot ly Kinh chu, v cng cn phi ot ly Kinh chu. Th hai, To Tho cn phi tiu dit Lu Biu. Lu Biu l ai? Lu Biu khng ch l Kinh chu mc m cn l tng tht, danh s, qun phit. Cng tc l ni, Lu Biu va l th lc qun phit ct c a phng va l nhn vt i din cho giai cp s tc. Lu Biu l nhn vt nh vy cn li sau lc Vin Thut v Vin Thiu qua i. Lu Chng l con Lu Yn thc khng ng ngi. Di con mt To Tho, nh hng ca Lu Biu mnh hn c lit hn hn Lu Chng. Hu Hn th - Lu Biu truyn ni,

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Kinh chu, Lu Biu tip nhn hng ngn nhn s lu vong t phng bc, cn b tin ca an i gip . Lu Biu li m mang trng hc, cu tm nho thut, cn cho ngi tuyn chn chng c trong Ng kinh lu li cho i sau. Cng ging nh Vin Thiu, h u theo con ng Nho gia s tc. Nm Kin An th XIII (Cng nguyn nm 208), To Tho khi phc ch tha tng v ra lm tha tng, chun b xy dng chnh quyn ca Php gia hn tc, l no cn dung c Lu Biu? Thm na, Lu B cng ang ch Lu Biu, mt lc c th dit c c hai. Th ba, To Tho cn mun uy hip Tn Quyn. Nm Kin An th VIII (Cng nguyn nm 202), To Tho mun Tn Quyn cho con n lm con tin, Tn Quyn c tuyt, c nhiu kh nng To Tho s ghi tn Tn Quyn vo s en. nh Kinh chu, dit Lu Biu, t ra cng l mt n cnh co Tn Quyn. V th To Tho mi c th e do Tn Quyn. Tic rng, cch suy ngh ca To Tho chng c tc dng g. Tn Quyn khng s, cn lin hp vi Lu B, nh mt b la t thng vo ch To Tho. Lu Biu tuy cht, nhng Lu B li ngy mt ln mnh. Giang Lng tuy vo tay, nhng li mt, coi nh chng c g. To Tho ly c Tng Dng, nhng Giang Lng vn trong tay i th. To Tho cng khng th bc qua Trng Giang. Trn ny Tho mt nhiu hn c. V vy, trn chin Xch Bch l im mu cht trong s Trung Quc. Do trn chin ny m th chn vc xut hin, th i u hnh thnh. T , Nam Bc c chin tranh, nh To Tho xung Nam nh Tn Quyn, Quan V ln Bc ph Tng Phn v khng tay trng tr v (nh To Tho) th cng t chuc ly dit vong (nh Quan V), khng ai c th tin thm c, ngang nh cuc mua bn l vn. Mi ti trn chin ng Ty mi c kt qu, Lu B ot ch chu, Tn Quyn ly Kinh chu. Ma h nm Kin An th XIX (Cng nguyn nm 214), Lu Chng u hng, Lu B vo Thnh , ch chu thuc v Lu B, vi thn phn l Kinh chu mc, Lu B kim lnh ch chu mc. Ma ng nm th XXIV (Cng nguyn nm 219), Quan V b git, Tn Quyn vo Gia Lng, phn ln t Kinh chu thuc v Tn Quyn, vi thn phn l T chu mc, Tn Quyn kim lnh Kinh chu mc. T y, quyn s hu ba chu vng Trng Giang thay i. Ba chu trc y thuc ba chu mc l tng tht, Lu Do, Lu Biu v cha con Lu Yn th trc sau u ri vo tay giang h, min Nam tr thnh v i ca hai i qun phit Tn Quyn v Lu B. iu ny khng c g l l. Lch s c i Trung Quc thng vn l ln xn, anh va ht xong, ti bc ra, hung chi y li l thi i hn lon! Cn phi xem phc trang ca cc nhn vt . Chng ta u bit, chc T chu mc ca Tn Quyn do Lu B tin c; chc Kinh chu mc ca Lu B, cng c Tn Quyn ng . Nh l h tng nhau nhng b trang phc , ch t cng l tha nhn ln nhau. Nhng, T chu mc bin thnh Kinh chu mc, Kinh chu mc li bin thnh

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ch chu mc, c bt nho th ny th khng ai tha nhn. Lu B khng tha nhn Tn Quyn l Kinh chu mc, cho rng Kinh chu l ca mnh. Tn Quyn cng khng tha nhn Lu B l ch chu mc, cn tuyn b ch chu l ca Lu Chng. iu ngang nh rch vo mt nhau. V vy, lin minh Tn Lu tt s v, chin tranh s n ra v l trn chin Di Lng. Trn chin Di Lng l chin dch quan trng th ba trong s Tam Quc cui thi Hn. N xc nh cc din hai min ng Ty pha Nam Trung Quc cng tn ti chng li min Bc. Trc , hai min ng Ty pha Nam Trung Quc, l tp on Tn Quyn v tp on Lu B, c lin hp c u tranh. V pha Tn Quyn c Chu Du, L Mng l i din, ch trng nut Lu ln mnh; pha Lu B c Lu B v Quan V l i din, lun c bng mun nut Ng. Tiu im ca mu thun l Kinh chu. Th mi c o trng qua sng ca Lc Tn ln nh Giang Lng; Lu B dc ton qun thng n Khiu nh. T y mi thy tnh cht quan trng ca Kinh chu - mt trong ba chu tuyn Trng Giang. Trn chin Xch Bch cng l trn chin Kinh chu; trn chin Di Lng cng l trn chin Kinh chu. To Tho tng c Kinh chu, nhng c ri li mt. Th ri To Tho nh phi lui v min Bc, Lu B th lui v Ty Thc. Vy cui cng th Tn Quyn l ngi c c v gi c Kinh chu (ni chnh xc l Nam qun v Giang Lng), nhng sao vn khng thng nht c thin h? Rt n gin, l Trung Nguyn c hu khng do ngi (th ca n nh Qun). IV. ui hu v tt c hu Trc ht hy ni t trn chin Di Lng. L mt trong ba chin dch ln (Quan chin, Xch Bch chin, Di Lng chin) ca Tam Quc cui thi Hn, chin dch Di Lng vn cn nhiu iu kh hiu. Nh trong Nhn thc li Long Trung i ca ngi in D Khnh ni, khin ngi ta kh hiu v cch b tr v cch ch huy chin tranh ca Lu B. S sch cng khng ghi r thi ca Gia Ct Lng i vi cuc chin ny, s gia ch c th m mm suy on. Ngoi ra, kt cc ca cuc chin cng lm ngi ta bt ng. Lc Tn ginh ton thng ch ng lui qun, k chin bi nh Lu B li mun nh tip. Theo Tam quc ch - Lc Tn truyn, sau khi bi trn Lu B chy v thnh Bch , nhiu tng lnh bn ng Ng ginh nhau dng biu ln Tn Quyn, cho rng nn tha thng truy kch bt bng c Lu B. Lc Tn v Chu Nhin, Lc Thng cho rng To Phi ang iu binh khin tng, danh ngha l gip Ng nh Lu B, thc t th h c d tm, v vy phi rt khi cuc chin. iu ny vn l rt tt vi Thc Hn, no ng Lu B li t ra gi mm. Theo ch dn Ng lc ca Bi Tng Chi trong Lc Tn truyn, khi Lu B c th gi Lc Tn, ni lc ny gic (Ngy qun) ti Giang Lng, trm cng mun

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ng tin ln na, tng qun thy c c khng (tng qun thy nn chng)? Kt qu l Lc Tn phi ni thng ra, liu vt au ca cc v khi cha, c l chng cn phi n np mng! Lc ny Lu B mi chu ging ho. Quyt sch ca Lc Tn l hon ton ng, v chc g Lu B mun n ln na. H, bao gm To Phi, Tn Quyn, u r, ba nh Ngy, Thc, Ng thnh th chn vc, chng ai c th nut c ai. Hn na, mt bn no ln mnh, hai bn kia s n hn ch. Hai bn giao chin quyt phi thng, thua, m ngay c khi cha ra qun, th bn th ba s n xen vo, can d. V vy, Lc Tn ch c th thy thng l thu qun, v bn Lu cng khng th bi vic, tm vic. Sau khi Lu B qua i, Gia Ct Lng chp chnh, sai lun ng Chi sang s nc Ng, ni li lin minh. Theo Tam quc ch - ng Chi truyn, khi ng Chi ni ht nh vi Tn Quyn, hai bn chng ta, mt bn c ch him vng chc, mt bn c ba con sng ngn cn. Nu lin hp li gn b nh mi vi rng th tin c th ly thin h, thoi thnh th chn vc. Ngc li, nu i vng chy sang vi To Ngy, cn mun nc c c lp, th kt qu To Ngy s n nh i vng, Thc Hn cng mun nh i vng, vng t Giang Nam s khng cn l ca i vng na. Tn Quyn yn lng hi lu, cui cng khng th tha nhn li ni rt hay. Khi lp th chn vc, hai bn nh yu ch c th chung sng ho bnh, thm ch cn phi gip nhau mi c th chng li pha mnh. V vy, thng t nin hiu Hong Long nm u (Cng nguyn nm 229), Tn Quyn xng , Gia Ct Lng khng cn ni Tri khng c hai mt, ngi khng thi hai vua, m sai s sang chc mng, k kt iu c khng xm phm ln nhau, tha nhn ng (Ng ), Ty (Thc ), tn trng ln nhau, cn d tnh phn chia a bn vi To Ngy. y cng l s kin ln ca Tam Quc cui i Hn. Bi v ch n lc ny th danh phn trong Tam Quc mi c thnh lp r rng. D To Ngy khng tha nhn Thc Hn v Tn Ng, Tn Ng v Thc Hn cng khng tha nhn To Ngy, nhng hai bn Ng - Thc li tha nhn ln nhau. Cng tc l, h khng cu n ci gi l chnh thng, cng nhin tha nhn di gm tri ny c th ng thi c hai hong , thc t y l s ph cch gh gm. y pha Thc Hn l kh ni nht. Nn nh, Thc Hn t cho mnh l chnh thng. Ngc li, Tn Quyn vn khng phi l chnh thng v cng khng th ginh c a v chnh thng li ht sc thoi mi, cng tn hai , chnh h ra phng n ny. Thc t th Tn Quyn sm ngh ti ngy hm nay. Nin hiu Kin Hng nm th II (Cng nguyn nm 224) thi Thc Hn, ng Chi ln th hai sang s nc Ng, Tn Quyn ni r . Tn Quyn ni vi ng Chi, nu tiu dit c To Ngy, khi phc c thi bnh, hai nc chng ta phn chia thin h, nh th mi hay. ng Chi ni, tri khng c hai mt ngi khng th hai vua. Sau khi kim qun

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c To Ngy, nu i vng khng bit thin mnh u (cng tc l khng chu u hng Thc Hn), vy, hai nc chng ta nh phi vua thc thi c hnh ca mnh, thn phi tn ty tn hiu mi ngi, li ging c ging trng. Lc , chin tranh nh va mi bt u! Tn Quyn nghe xong ci m ln ni, ngi thnh thc lm! Nhng nm nm sau, cha ni ti ng Chi, m ngay c Gia Ct Lng cng khng ni: Tri khng c hai mt, ngi khng th hai vua. iu ni r vic g? Ni, Gia Ct Lng thc c, ba nc th chn vc thnh s thc khng th thay i, vic hng phc Hn tht khng cn l vic d dng na. K thc, u ch c khng d dng. Theo ti, khng thc hin c! Theo li ch dn Ngy lc ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - V k, lc Trn Qun v Hon Gii khuyn To Tho lm Hong tng ni: mt ngi dn, mt tc t u khng c. Vng triu Hn mt ngi dn, mt tc t u khng c, lm sao c th phc hng c? Ngi ch ra s thc tn khc sm nht, phi k l L Tc. Phn trc ni, trong i sch trc ging vo nm Kin An th V (Cng nguyn nm 200), L Tc ni r vi Tn Quyn Hn tht khng th phc hng. Nhng by nm sau , mt ln tr chuyn vi Lu B Long Trung, Gia Ct Lng li ni c th dng li Hn tht. Thm ch vo nm Kin Hng th V (Cng nguyn nm 227) thi Thc Hn, To Phi qua i, Gia Ct Lng trc lc Xut s biu Bc pht cn ly Phc hng Hn tht, v li c lm li hiu triu. Qua y, c ngi cho rng Gia Ct Lng khng thc thi. Thc ra u khng ng. L Tc khng phi t hiu bit, m c con mt nhy cm; Gia Ct Lng cng khng phi khng thc thi, m l c yu cu khc. h, mt ngi nhn thng vo s thc, mt ngi c l tng, nhng h ng c chng ta knh trng. S thc, hai trn doanh Ng - Thc, quan h gia Gia Ct Lng v L Tc l rt tt. Tam quc ch phn tic mc nh vng ni rt hay, lc L Tc qua i Gia Ct Lng n pht tang. Chng ta hon ton c th hiu c tnh cm su nng ca hai ngi. Tnh cm hu ngh c hnh thnh trong qu trnh hai ngi thc y v ng h lin minh Tn, Lu; trong qu trnh lm vic, hiu bit ln nhau, thc him hoi! Thc kh hiu c, hai ngi cch nhau rt xa, li c c tnh cm su nng n nh vy. Thc t th nim chnh tr ca Lng, Tc l khc nhau, nhng khng can h g ti phm cht v t tng, m can h ti lp trng chnh tr. Cng tc l, lp trng ca h khc nhau, nn mi c nim v phn on khc nhau, nhng khng ngn cn h tr thnh bn trong lin minh, b bn, thm ch l chin hu. Vy, lp trng ca Gia Ct Lng v L Tc l g? Lp trng ca L Tc l ph t Tn Quyn nn b nghip ri nghip. Lp trng ca Gia Ct Lng l ph t Lu B thnh b nghip ri hng phc Hn tht. Mc tiu giai on u l nh nhau, nhng sau cng l khc nhau. V vy L Tc v Gia Ct Lng c th tr

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thnh b bn, nhng khng th tr thnh ng ch. V y cng l iu m Tn Quyn v Lu B c th lin minh, nhng ri ai i ng ny, v cui cng c th tr mt. Tr mt, ng nhin v li ch hai nc xung t; cn ng li khc nhau li do mt nguyn nhn khc. Ni ti Tn Quyn trc. Tn Quyn khng phi Vin Thiu, khng phi th gia i tc; Tn Quyn cng khng phi Lu B, khng phi hong tc, tng tht. V mt xut thn gia nh, Tn Quyn c im ging vi To Tho. To Tho xut thn khng tt, v khng sch; Tn Quyn xut thn khng tt, v ngho tng. C iu, Tn Quyn khng c nh To Tho - c kinh nghim v lm vic trung ng v u th phng thin t lnh k cha thn phc. Tn Quyn ch c mt danh hiu l tng qun (nh L tng qun) v mt chnh quyn (chnh quyn Giang ng) cha thc n nh, ni trng ra l mt qun phit khng to khng nh. Vi nhng ci , Tn Quyn ng trc mt hin thc, mu cu sinh tn trong mt khong hp. V vy, ch ngha hin thc ca L Tc hp vi khu v ca Tn Quyn, quy hoch chin lc ca L Tc c iu kin thc thi. Cng c Giang ng, lp th chn vc, Tn Quyn lm c, ot ly Kinh chu, chia ra m nh, Tn Quyn cng lm c. Thm ch Tn Quyn cn xng dng nc, c iu mun hn ngi khc. Tn Quyn cng c ot ly ch chu, chim c ton b lu vc Trng Giang, c iu cha lm c. Nh vy, L Tc khng ph cng c quy hoch cho Tn Quyn. Theo Tam quc ch L Mng truyn, sau ny trong bui tr chuyn vi Lc Tn, Tn Quyn v L Tc nh ng V - ngi u tin mong Quang V Lu T ot thin h, xng dng nc. R rng, lp trng ca L Tc cng l lp trng ca Tn Quyn, ng li ca Tn Quyn cng l ng li ca L Tc. Tnh hung ca Lu B khng nh vy. Ni v xut thn gia nh th iu kin ca Lu B tt hn To Tho v Tn Quyn. To Tho l i sau ca yn hon, Tn Quyn xut thn hn mn, s tc u xem thng h. Lu B cng h vi Hong , cn l hc tr ca danh nho L Thc, t nhiu c vn ling v chnh tr. Lu B cn bit phi lm g, trong lc qun phit hn chin, ngi khc th m rng a bn, Lu B m rng danh vng, cn hnh thnh c ci m ngi Phm Vn Lan gi l tp on nh V s mnh mu s yu. V vy, d c ngi (nh Vin Thut) xem thng Lu B, nhng rt nhiu i qun phit khc thm phn coi trng. Lu B chy n ch o Khim, o Khim tin c Lu B l D Chu th s, v sau cn gi c T chu. Lu B chy n vi To Tho, To Tho tin c Lu B l D chu mc, T tng qun, cn c i cng xe, ngi cng chiu. Lu B chy n vi Vin Thiu, Vin Thiu sai tng i nghnh n, bn thn ra ngoi thnh chng vi trm dm gp mt; i vi Lu Biu, Lu Biu cng t ra ngoi n v i i nh tn khch. Ch ring vic To Tho v Vin Thiu tranh nhau tip i cng thy vai tr ca Lu B l khng nh.

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Cc qun phit xem trng Lu B, v Lu B c sc hp dn c bit vi s tc. Nht l sau khi Vin Thiu qua i, ngi m cc s tc phn To phc Hn c th gi gm hy vng cng chnh l Lu B. Gia Ct Lng ni vi Tn Quyn, Lu B Dng di vng tht, anh ti ci th, cc s ngng m, nh nc chy ra bin, tuy l c cht ph trng, nhng cng khng phi l khng th. Chnh vic la chn ca Gia Ct Lng ni r iu . Gia Ct Lng la chn Lu B, ngoi vic Lu B ba ln n lu tranh, t r thnh cu hin nh kht nc, cn c mt nguyn nhn quan trng khc: Lu B l tng tht. Chng ta u bit, Gia Ct Lng mun hng phc Hn tht. Mt s mng lch s nh vy, ng nhin, tt nht l do tng tht hon thnh thm ch ch c tng tht mi hon thnh c. M u c th lm nh Quang V , cn c mt v tng tht cm u nhng lc ny th my v tng tht l chu mc nh Lu Yn, Lu Do, Lu Ngu u cht, Lu Do v Lu Ngu cn lm mt c a bn. Lu Chng l con ca Lu Yn tip tc l ch chu mc, nhng chng ra hn, v ch chu khng phi l ni tin th. Lu Biu l ngi duy nht c th chn. Nhng tic Lu Biu ch l k hp hi, khng c ch ln. Bao nhiu l nhn s Trung Nguyn lnh nn Kinh chu, Lu Biu thng ch an i, khng trng dng. Ngc li, Lu B tuy cn phi nh v ngi khc, nhng uy vng li rt cao. V vy, Gia Ct Lng chn Lu B, cn a ra mt quy nh chin lc Trc ly Kinh chu, sau ot ch chu, vt qua Kinh ch ly thin h. l Long Trung i ni ting. Theo tng ca Gia Ct Lng, Lu B c th hon thnh b nghip, hng phc Hn tht, tr thnh hu du ca Quang V , lin quan ti s tn vong ca nh Hn. y l tng hay, khin Gia Ct Lng va xung ni ni ting. Nhng Gia Ct Lng cng gp phi mt kh khn, mt khi khng thc hin c tng th lm th no? Trn thc t, ch cn nhn vo ba chin dch ln k cng c th thy, rt nhiu s vic khng th thay i c bng ch ch quan ca con ngi. Ba chin dch c im g ging nhau? Nhng ngi gy ra chin tranh u tht bi v kt thc. Vin Thiu gy chin Quan , Vin Thiu tht bi; To Tho gy chin Xch Bch, To Tho tht bi; Lu B gy chin Di Lng, Lu B tht bi. Th l th no? L mnh ? Vn ? Phong thu ? u khng phi. Vy l g? L do th. Thi th quyt nh ng hng ca lch s, sau ny cng s l nh vy. Vin Thiu tht bi, v mn phit gp phi qun phit; To Tho tht bi, v min Nam chng li min Bc; Lu B tht bi, nh ni trc y, hai nc Ng Thc trong mt phm vi nht nh, ch c th thnh b mt pha, khng th pht trin hn, nn mi c ci gi l Trung Nguyn c hu khng do ngi. R rng, Gia Ct Lng, mt ngi c l tng, gp thc t s ht sc au kh. To Phi khng theo ch ngha l tng, nhng b trc s tc Trung Nguyn, thi hnh ch Cu phm quan nhn. Tn Quyn cng khng theo ch ngha l tng, v vy nhng b s tc Giang ng, thi hnh ch ngi Ng tr Ng

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Gia Ct Lng khng theo Cu phm quan nhn cng khng theo ngi Thc tr Thc, kt qu Thc Hn dit vong sm nht trong ba nc. l vn may hay l bt hnh y? iu ny lm ti nh ti mt ngi khc, nh ti Tun c. V. Tho chung ri li buc chung Tun c, L Tc, Gia Ct Lng (theo th t trc sau xung ni), c th y l ba v mu s ng ch nht trong ba tp on ln thi . ng nhin, khng c ngha l nhng ngi khc (nh Chu Du, L Mng, Lc Tn bn pha Tn Quyn) khng quan trng. Nhng ni ti vic lp nc ca Ngy, Thc, Ng th khng th khng k ti ba v ny. V h c nim chnh tr v phng lc dng nc (nhng Long Trung i khc nhau) v u c nh hng n v qun ch ca mnh. T gc nhn , khng th coi h l mu s chung chung, thm ch khng nn gi l mu s m gi l chnh tr gia. Nhng ba ngi c nhng kt cc khc nhau. Tun c bt hnh nht. Tun c c i vt v phc v To Tho, nhng lc 50 tui b To Tho lm cho ru r phn n n cht. So vi L Tc, Gia Ct Lng l khc bit mt tri mt vc. Gia Ct Lng c Lu B gi con, gi nc; L Tc c Tn Quyn nh gi rt cao (d ch dm by phn mi). Tun c c nhng g? c ch l Knh. V ci cht ca Tun c, chng ta phn tch trong tp Tin thoi ht ch ta. y, cn ni r thm iu kin v cc th khi , quyt nh th no n s phn cc nhn vt lch s. Chng ta u bit, Tun c l nhn vt c bit trong tp on To Tho. Tun c xut thn s tc, ng l huyn lnh Lang Lng, cha l quc tng T Nam, ch Tun Sng tng l tam cng (t khng). Bn thn Tun c l danh s, c H Ngung Nam Dng bnh l c ti vng t. H Ngung l ngi khng n gin, l ngi trong ng c nhng nm cui thi ng Hn, mt nhn vt quan trng trong tp on danh s, tng vch mu git ng Trc. Tun c cng l mt trong hai ngi nhn ra To Tho sm nht (ngi kia l Kiu Huyn). V vy, Tun c va l s tc va l danh s. Nhng Tun c, mt ngi va l s tc va l danh s chy n vi To Tho. Hn na, trc Tun c cn ch Vin Thiu. Chng ta cn bit, ng li ca Vin Thiu l s tc Nho gia. ng li ca To Tho l Php gia hn tc. Tun c b Vin sang vi To, l chuyn khng bnh thng. Khng bnh thng hn na, Tun c sang vi To Tho vo nm S Bnh th II (Cng nguyn nm 191) thi Hn Hin . Lc ny Vin Thiu ot c a bn ca Hn Phc, l K chu mc, To Tho mi c Vin Thiu tin c l thi th ng qun, v c bn cha snh c vi Vin Thiu. Phn trc ni, trong chin dch Quan (Cng nguyn nm 200), To Tho phng thin t lnh k cha thn phc. Rt nhiu ngi cha bit n To Tho,

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u cho rng Vin Thiu s thng. Th m chn nm trc , Tun c b Vin Thiu, chng nh li l bnh thng? Vy, v sao Tun c li ri khi Vin Thiu, n vi To Tho? Tun c rng Thiu s khng hon thnh c vic ln. Vic ln ca Tun c l g? Ging nh Gia Ct Lng, l hng phc Hn tht. ng tic, s ch hu tham gia lin qun Quang ng khi u khng ng dng. Trong s c hai ngi hng hi v c iu kin nht l Vin Thiu v Vin Thut, nhng hai ngi ny li u mun lm hong v khng lm ni. V vy, Tun c mi bng lng n vi To Tho, khi cn cha c danh ting g. Thc t th To Tho l ngi gan d thao lc, sm biu hin ra. Lc ny Tho mi ch l trung thn vng triu ng Hn, mt anh hng qun mnh v t nc. Tun c k vng To Tho. Xem Long Trung i - Tun c bn thy r, Tun c nh gi To Tho nh th no? L Lng d lun bn vng tht, l c ch gip rp thin h Tun c a ra cng lnh chnh tr th no cho To Tho? Mt l Phng cha thng lng dn theo v hai l gi l ch cng hng kit phi thn phc, ba l cao ngha ln anh tun tm n. Ni nh vy l ht sc r rng. Vo nin hiu Kin An nm u (Cng nguyn nm 196), Tun c a ra cng lnh chnh tr . Mi my nm tri qua, vo nm Kin An th XVIII (Cng nguyn nm 212), tnh hnh thay i. To Tho khng cn l Lng d lun bn vng tht, cng khng cn l phng thin t lnh k cha thn phc, m l p thin t lnh ch hu, mun mnh c phong cng lp tc. y chnh l mt tn hiu nguy him. Vic pht trin bc sau s ngc li vi lng trung v l tng ca Tun c. V vy, Tun c khng th khng ngn. Nhng li khuyn ca Tun c chng c kt qu g. To Tho nh ngi bc ln thuyn gic, ch cn mt ng l i ti ti. Tun c nh phi chia tay vi To Tho, tm n ci cht. Tun c mun bng sinh mnh ca mnh chn vi l tng , cng mun bng sinh mnh ca mnh khuyn can To Tho ln cui. C nhiu nguyn nhn Tun c la chn nh vy. Nhng ni cho cng, Tun c c thn phn l danh s, c lp trng ca s tc v t tng Nho gia. Vng triu ng Hn ly danh gio dng nc, ly th gia i tc v Nho hc lp thn, quan nim trung qun gi nc l thm cn c , thay triu i i l vn nhy cm nht, thm ch tr thnh tiu chun ranh gii. Nh Trung Quc thng s ca ngi Phm Vn Lan phn s tc Trung Nguyn t tp Ha thnh hai phi, gip Hn v gip To, u l s tc c. Tun c thuc phi h gip To, nhng thc cht l gip Hn, r rng l ngi bn To, lng ch Hn. Chnh do mu thun ni ti ny nung nu v tr thnh bi kch ca Tun c. Khng nung nu thnh bi kch cng c, nh Trn Qun. Theo Tam quc ch Trn Qun truyn v li ch dn ca Bi Tng Chi, ng, cha v ch ca Trn Qun u

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ni ting thi . H u lm quan. Bn thn Trn Qun tng c Khng Dung chn c, Trn Qun va l s tc va l danh s. Nhng Trn Qun khng h phn i To Tho lp nc, thm ch cn hn vo, mun To Tho xng (ng nhin To Tho khng ng ). Nh vy, Trn Qun r rng l thuc phi gip nhng khi To Tho va mt, Trn Qun a php cu phm quan nhn ca mnh cho To Phi, v c thc hin lun. To Tho ot mt quyn li ca giai cp s tc, Trn Qun cng ly mt ng v ca h, ni xem Trn Qun thuc phi no? Thc t th Tun c v Trn Qun u khng phi phi gip To thc bng. Tun c ng h vng triu ng Hn sp dit vong; Trn Qun ng h giai cp s tc ang pht trin. Tun c thng minh, hiu r nu mun quy v mt mi m ch da vo hong l cha , chi c th da vo th lc tn Chung Qu l To Tho ui qu. C iu Tun c khng ng trong qu trnh Chung Qu ui qu th bn thn mnh bin thnh qu, v th Tun c phi ly thn tun o. Trn Qun cao minh, bit rng ngi ci chung phi l ngi buc chung, mun ly li quyn li ca giai cp s tc, trc ht phi nh gi c k ot quyn. V vy, Trn Qun Ly o ca ngi tr ngi. To Tho trm rng i ct, Trn Qun lin i ct trm rng. To Tho ging c gip Hn tim Hn, Trn Qun lin ging c gip To bin To. R rng, Tun c l cao thng, Trn Qun l cao minh. Lp trng ca Tun c khng phi l lp trng ca To Tho, lp trng ca L Tc li l lp trng ca Tn Quyn. V vy, kt cc ca L Tc tt hn nhiu, vn ca Tn Quyn cng n gin hn nhiu. Tn Quyn khng phi s tc. L Tc cng khng phi danh s, h khng phi chu mt p lc no. V vy, L Tc c th ni thng Hn tht khng th phc hng, Tn Quyn c th lc th phn To lc th hng To. ch Tn Quyn gip To hay phn To khng c mu thun, hng To v gip Hn cng khng c mu thun. Mun hng To (lc phi i ph vi Lu B) ch cn ni To Tho l Hn tng; mun phn To (lc lin hp vi Lu B) li ni To Tho l Hn tc. Mt in hnh ca ch ngha thc dng! ng Ng nh, e cng ch lm c nh vy. Tn Quyn cng khng th hin thn v l tng, v Tn Quyn cng khng h c l tng. V vy Tn Quyn kh thnh tho trong tr tr mt. Ni kh nghe th l la gi b thuyn, ni d nghe hn thc thi th mc tiu c bn l Lp hiu vng ly thin h. Nhng mun ly thin h l phi xng vng; mun xng vng phi vng Giang ng; mun vng Giang ng phi c s tc Giang ng ng h. V vy, Tn Quyn phi giao cho s tc Giang ng phn quyn lc tng i ln, Lc Tn v C Ung chia nhau nm gi qun quyn v chnh quyn, phn ln con em s tc v mc ph, chnh ph, thc hnh Ngi Ng tr Ng. Tn Quyn thc hin bn th ho v cng l s tc ho trong chnh quyn Tn Ng,

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chng khc g nhng vic To Phi ang lm Trung Nguyn, c th gi l mt bn nhng khc khc. Chng ta u bit, chnh quyn Tn th vn i lp vi s tc Giang ng. Lc ny Tn Quyn li bt tay vui v vi h, cn h tham gia chnh s. ng, ch c Ngi buc chung mi m c chung. C iu, ch To Phi th Trn Qun gip lm vic ny. Ngc li, Tn Quyn t mnh lm ly. V sao Tn Quyn li c th lm c nh vy? Tn Quyn l ngi khng theo mt l tng no c. Chnh xc hn, Tn Quyn ch c mc tiu khng c l tng. Bi vy, Tn Quyn khng ti vic vng triu ng Hn cn hay mt, khng xem To Tho l trung hay gian, m ch lo gi a bn. Thm ch cn chng xem chnh quyn thuc v giai cp no (s tc hay th tc) min l h Tn vn cn. Tn Quyn khng c mt gnh nng no c. iu phin h ch l Lu B v Gia Ct Lng vn cn . Lu B thn phn l tng tht. Thn phn khin Lu B thm d dng v cng thm gnh nng. Phn trc ni, sau khi Vin Thiu mt, s s tc v danh s gip Hn phn To ch cn bit k vng vo Lu B. Lu B ging cao ngn c thng cm Hn tht nghing , gian thn nm mnh, cha thng lao ao, mun ly tn ngha gip thin h. l vn ling chnh tr v ng thi cng l gnh nng v chnh tr ca Lu B. Lu B khng th tu c ng bin nh Tn Quyn, ch c th ging cao ngn c phn To hng Hn ti cng. Chnh v vy Lu B mi ly gn c mnh t phong thu p ca Lu Chng, tuy Lu Chng cng l tng tht. Lu B tng bc tng bc theo con ng dng nc ca To Tho, tuy Tho l Hn tc. C nhn vo cung cch lm n ca Lu B th thy r. To Tho xng Ngy vng, Lu B lin xng Hn Trung vng; To Phi xng Ngy , Lu B lin xng Hn . Chng trch trong Con ng dng nc ca Tn Ng, ngi in D Khnh ni v nc Thc Sao chp lch s, ging nh nc lng ging. Tm li, thi k u Thc Hn dng nc khng c phin h g, phin h l phn sau. C iu, khng cn l phin h ca Lu B, m l phin h ca Gia Ct Lng. Bi v, sau hai nm xng , Lu B phi ci hc ra i, Gia Ct Lng mi chnh thc tr l nc Thc. Chnh bi l tng chnh tr khin Gia Ct Lng gp phi phin h. L tng ca Gia Ct Lng l g? Mt l hng phc Hn tht, hai l y php tr nc. Vic trc quan h ti thin h, khng th thc hin c, khng cn bn tip; vic sau quan h ti t nc, l vic Gia Ct Lng nn lm v lm c, lm tt. Xin ni thm my cu, Gia Ct Lng mun y php tr nc, l mun xy dng mt x hi trong sch, cng bng, mt chnh ph lim khit mc cao. Ni nh Trn Th, trng thi x hi, chnh ph phi l khng c quan gian, phi t nghim khc, khng ri o c, mnh khng p yu, phong ho thong ng. Trn Th tng m t tnh trng nc Thc vi s tr l ca Gia Ct Lng. lm c nh vy, v Gia Ct Lng bit V

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v trm h, theo con ng ng, hn ch quan chc, tun theo quyn ch, mt lng thnh tm, ban b o l. Cng tc l tr nc theo php. Thc k l! Mt vic tt nh vy sao c th gy phin h? Rt n gin, v th gia i tc, v cng ho a phng khng vui. V nu mun cng bng th khng th thin lch s tc; mun cp cao phi xem xut thn; mun lim khit th khng dung tham lam; mun thanh cao khng cho b o. Tm li, nhng iu u ngc vi ba c im ln ca giai cp a ch s tc l Lng on quan trng. Khng ch d lun, tr thnh cng ho, l no li c bn h ng h? Hn na thc hin l tng hng phc Hn tht ca mnh, Gia Ct Lng khng th thc hin ci gi l ngi Thc tr Thc ging nh Tn Quyn thc hin ngi Ng tr Ng. V mt khi Thc Hn bn th ho th s tr thnh mt nc tm yn gi vng ni him yu. Ai ny yn tm vi thc ti, khng mun tin th, cn u tinh thn Bc tin Trung Nguyn? V l mt ngi lnh o chnh quyn t ngoi ti, Gia Ct Lng khng tin tng hon ton nhng ngi a phng. V vy, Gia Ct Lng khng ch khng th thc hnh ngi Thc tr Thc, ngi li cn khng ch v mt chnh tr, n nh v kinh t i vi s tc v cng ho vng ch chu. Cha ni ti ci khc, ring v qun ph to ln mi khi Bc pht u ly h, v h l con d mp. Thc t, nu Gia Ct Lng chp php cng bng, th ngi b tin ra nhiu chnh l h. Nu mun h khng on than, ch cn cch khng Bc pht na, khng ni ti cng bng na. Tic thay, tt c cc mc u lin quan ti l tng ca Gia Ct Lng. V vy, chng ta mi ni ti hai ch phin h, v l s phin h kt thnh khi, khng g ra c. Tc l Thc Hn ch c ngi buc chung, khng c ngi ci chung. Cui cng th ngi n ci chung l To Ngy. VI. Sng sau bin thnh sng trc Cui cng th To Ngy dit Thc Hn, ngi ngi cm thy nui tic, khng ni thnh li. Khng ch v, di s tr l ca Gia Ct Lng, Thc Hn l nc c nn chnh tr tt nht thi ; m cn v To Ngy tr thnh mt t nc khng theo l tng ca To Tho, ngc li t mt ngha no , Thc Hn ca Gia Ct Lng vn chp hnh ng li ca To Tho. Nhng Thc Hn chp hnh ng li ca To Tho li b dit bi To Ngy sm vt b con ng ca To Tho. u cng l tri, u phi mu ca con ngi? R rng y l vn ln. Trc lc tr li vn ny, chng ta cn phi lm r, Trn mt ngha no , Thc Hn ca Gia Ct Lng phi chng chp hnh ng li ca To Tho? Ti khng nh iu ny.

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Vi nhiu ngi, To Tho v Gia Ct Lng khng ch i din cho tp on chnh tr khc nhau m c bn cn l nhng ngi khng cng ng. Ni vy l c l. Cha ni ti Hnh tng vn hc v Hnh tng dn gian, h khc nhau mt tri mt vc, m ngay c Hnh tng lch s, cng c khc bit ln, khin cho trong tc phm vn hc, hay truyn thuyt dn gian, h bin thnh khng cng tn ti vi Hn tc trong hai th sc nhn i nhau. Nhng nu chng ta tm thi vt b s tranh ginh v v ci gi l vng triu truyn thng, tm thi khng nh gi phm cht, o c tng c nhn m ch nhn vo lp trng giai cp v ng li chnh tr, th chng kh khn g thy ngay, h c nhng im tng ng n d s. Tc l, nim chp chnh v con ng lp nc ca h khc hn vi ng li Nho gia s tc ca Vin Thiu. Khng phi ni nhiu v bin php ca To Tho, hy ni v ng hng ca Lu B v Gia Ct Lng. Phn trc ni, ngi ch cht ca Tam Quc u khng phi s tc, v tnh hnh ca Lu B l tng i c bit, ting l tng tht, nhng thc l hn mn. Theo Tam quc ch - Tin ch truyn, Lu B l Dng di ca Trung Sn Tnh vng, chu xa ca Hn Cnh , v th mi qu; nhng t b cng m lm ngh dt chiu, li l ngho. V vy, Lu B xut thn khng bn tin cng khng ph qu, c th ch hp vi hai ch bn qu. Mt ngi xut thn nh vy l c y hai thn phn, nn c hai mt s tc v hn mn u hoan nghnh. Nhn li th ng l Lu B c nhn ho - Theo ti, Lu B sng nh vy l hay, nht l vic dt chiu bn chiu. Vi cuc sng tng y x hi , Lu B hiu c ni kh trong dn gian, cng hiu c tnh cch ca con ngi. V mt ny thc ging nh To Tho. Mt ngi nh Lu B, xut thn bn hn ging nh To Tho xut thn ni vn c, h u khng thch danh s v s tc, nht l nhng k lun h trng thanh th t cho mnh l thanh cao. C hai ngi nguyn chung sng vi hn tc vi th dn. Thc t th nhng thnh vin ht nhn trong tp on Lu B thi k u u khng xut thn t danh mn vng tc nh Quan V v Trng Phi. Nht l Quan V, lun xem thng s tc, danh s v s i phu (Trng Phi th ngc li, xem Tam quc ch - Trng Phi truyn). V sao To Tho li tn thng Quan V n nh vy, theo ti, v mt nguyn nhn kh ni nn li, tc l Quan V cn mit th s tc hn c To Tho. Cn Lu B th sao? Lu B i vi cc danh s c phn khch kh hn. Nhng t trong xng tu m ni, v tt Lu B thch h. Nh danh s Trng D trong Thc, ch v mt cu ni khng khim tn b Lu B git. Theo Tam quc ch - Chu Qun truyn, lc nh Lu B ni, ngay c hoa lan i na, c vng ca l hu (hoa lan vng ca, khng th khng cuc i)! Khu kh chng khc g khu kh ca To Tho. V phn mnh, Gia Ct Lng c phn ng tnh vi danh s hn. Lc Lu B git Trng D, Gia Ct Lng c n cu, nhng tic l khng cu c. Sau khi Gia Ct Lng tip qun chnh quyn Thc Hn, my danh s trong Thc nh Vi, Tiu

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Chu c i i kh hn (v vy Tiu Chu phn Thc Hn, khng phn Ct Lng). Khng c g l l, bi Gia Ct Lng cng l s nhn, cng l Bc s lu vong nh Php Chnh, Trng Chiu, L Tc (Bng Thng l danh s Kinh chu). Nhng Gia Ct Lng khng ch n thun l s nhn m cn l tha tng Thc Hn. Thn phn v chc tc nh vy ng nhin l cng quan trng. V vy, khi m li ni v vic lm ca cc danh s nguy hi n chnh quyn Thc Hn, Gia Ct Lng s khng khch kh thm ch s tr ti v li ni nh To Tho. Liu Lp Ngi ti ca S b ph lm th dn vi ti danh ph bng tin , trch hch qun thn. Lai Mn Danh tc Kinh S cng b ph lm th dn vi ti danh lon qun. Danh s ch chu Bnh Dng b x ti cht lc 37 tui. Ci cht ca Bnh Dng tng t nh ci cht ca Khng Dung v N Hnh. Ti danh ca Bnh Dng nh l sch ng mu phn lt chnh quyn, tng ni vi M Siu Khanh ngoi, ta trong, nh thin h. Nhng Bnh Dng li gii thch, l mun M Siu lp v cng ngoi, bn trong mnh s ph t Lu B, cng nhau nh To, khng c mu phn. Theo ti, vic ny cn kh m h. Bnh Dng l ngi tnh tnh kiu ngo, xem thng ht thy, mt danh s hng u, ni nng bt chp hu qu. Nh trc , c ln Bnh Dng ni vi M Siu, Lu B gi ri ht tc dng. V sau, lc trong ngc li dng th ni, cha cng thc cha gi, thn ch v ru m nh li. R rng Bnh Dng quen nt n ni lung tung. Lc ny cng vy, m ming ni ba. Nhng Bnh Dng tuy khng c mu phn, nhng b nghi l mu phn, v vy Gia Ct Lng c th git Bnh Dng. Tam quc ch - Bnh Dng truyn ni rt r, b ngoi Gia Ct Lng khch kh vi Bnh Dng (b ngoi tip i), thc t th khng thch (bn trong th ght), nhiu ln nhc nh ring Lu B (nhiu ln mt bo tin ch), ni khng th trng dng Bnh Dng (Dng tm rng ch ln, kh m yn c). Ln ny l c hi tt, cuc b hoa lan vng ca. C cng mt nguyn nhn Gia Ct Lng ght Bnh Dng, To Tho ght N Hnh, Khng Dung. My danh s ny thng b mi ngi ght b, h l nhng k giao tip ph hoa. Loi danh s ny c c im, danh kh ln tnh kh cng ln, hc vn nhiu nhu cu nhiu, thch th bn lun, m ming ni ba, thnh th t bi th nhiu. Theo Hu Hn th - Khng Dung truyn, trc lc git Khng Dung, To Tho c th cho Khng Dung ni, To m ta tuy tin, cha lm tt c vic trong nc, thoi, cha c c cha c lng ngi, nhng nui dng chin s, st thn v nc, ta c tha sc chnh tr nhng k giao tip ph hoa. Suy ngh ca Gia Ct Lng cng tng t nh vy. Lc ph Lai Mn, Gia Ct Lng ni: Lai Mn lon qun, cn hn c Khng Vn C. R rng, Lai Mn l Khng Dung ca nc Thc, Bnh Dng li l N Hnh ca nc Thc. Nhng ngi nh vy, bt lun l To Ngy hay Thc Hn u khng c hoan nghnh.

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Gia Ct Lng v To Tho l nh nhau, u l nhng ngi rt thc t. Khng tin th c xem Long Trung i ca Gia Ct Lng, liu c cu no so rng khng? Khng. Cc biu chng, bn tu, hiu lnh, phong cch khc ca Gia Ct Lng u l nh vy. Ngy th Xun Thu ni, lc cn trong qun, Gia Ct Lng thng t ch tr (t lm ly) nhng ln pht t hai mi gy tr ln. Khng ai tin l thc hoc ni vy l chng minh Gia Ct Lng khng bit qun l. ng vy, thn l tng quc li h mnh n nhng y, ng nhin khng tin c hoc khng th tha nhn. Nhng theo ti, lm g c kh nng thng xuyn n hin trng ch tr hnh pht, cn nh thnh thong mi n th hon ton c kh nng. V khng th th khng th hin c mu mc, khng th th khng nghim minh php k, khng ngn cm bn quan li vi phm php quy, bt chp php lut. Gia Ct Lng th hin mt tinh thn thc tin nh vy. Nhng ngi thc t sao c th thch th nhng danh s hay khoa trng, ch bit ni m khng bit lm? C iu, To Tho git Khng Dung, Lu B git Trng D, Gia Ct Lng git Bnh Dng, khng hon ton xut pht t suy ngh tt xu ca c nhn, m xut pht t nhu cu chnh tr v cng khng n thun l nhu cu cng c chnh quyn, m nhu cu c quan h ti ng li chnh tr ca h. Thc t, th t lc ng Trc no lon thin h, th hu ht nhng ngi c ch c hiu bit u ngh phi xy dng li trt t x hi. Phn trc chng ta ni, ng Trc l k ph hoi trt t c, Vin Thiu l ngi ng h trt t c. To Tho l ngi xy dng li trt t mi. Thc ra th Gia Ct Lng cng l ngi xy dng li trt t mi. Hn na, Vin Thiu v To Tho u cho rng cn phi xy dng li trt t, cn xy dng nh th no th c im khc nhau. Theo cch ni trong bi To Vin tranh ginh v th gia i tc ca ngi in D Khnh th im khc nhau l, Vin Thiu mun th gia i tc dt dn theo ng c ca ng Hn; To Tho mun c ci cch, a th gia i tc i theo. V vn ny, Gia Ct Lng v Vin Thiu khc nhau, vi To Tho nh nhau, khng theo ng c ca ng Hn. ng c ca ng Hn l tip tc th gia i tc lng on quan trng, khng ch d lun, tr thnh cng ho. Gia Ct Lng khng theo ng c m kin tr St c ch thi u nh Hn, khng s tc lng on ng lm quan; Gia Ct Lng git Bnh Dng, ph Lai Mn, ph Liu Lp, s tc ht khng ch d lun. Chnh sch ca Gia Ct Lng i vi cng ho l hai ch: c ch. Thc tnh th Gia Ct Lng v To Tho l nh nhau, h va l ngi xy dng trt t mi, va l ngi ci cch ch c. Trung Quc thng s ca ngi Phm Vn Lan ni, To Tho min Bc, Gia Ct Lng nc Thc u vt b s c chnh ca ng Hn. My vn v To Tho ca ngi in D Khnh ni, To Tho B ph hoa, sch li tr, ch ho cng, hnh thnh mt ci g mi m so vi Vin

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Thiu, ch c Gia Ct Lng c th cng nh Tho. y chnh l li bn trung thc ca cc s gia. R rng Gia Ct Lng thi hnh ng li To Tho khng c To Tho hoc ng li To Tho phn li To Tho. Hn th, Gia Ct Lng cn i xa hn. Con ngi To Tho c l tng nhng khng c s thit k. To Tho ch bit khng nn i theo ng c ca ng Hn, nhng khng bit con ng mi s phi i nh th no. i vi con ng mi bn thn phi i, To Tho khng c nim g, khng c lng tin tuyt i, nn thng phm sai lm hoc chn bc. To Tho git Bin Nhng, lm c thnh T chu, ra oai vi th gia i tc, li ting xu mun i. To Tho u Vin Thiu, nh Hon, nhng ch khng kin nh bng Tun c, Quch Gia, thm ch n pht cht mi ginh c thng li. Chnh sch quan trng nht ca To Tho - c ti l dng, cng mi ti nm Kin An th XV (Cng nguyn nm 210) mi c xut. Lc ny l sau trn chin Xch Bch, To Tho 56 tui. R rng To Tho c phi d ng m i, sai lm, ri sa sai ri li sai lm. Ngay nh ng li Php gia Hn tc cng phi tng bc, tng bc m mm m thnh. Gia Ct Lng th khng th, Gia Ct Lng va c l tng va c s thit k. C xem Gia Ct Lng tr Thc, c th c t, c ng c hng, nim r rng. Tc l Gia Ct Lng c nim chp chnh v ng hng dng nc r rng. Thm ch chng ta c th ni, trn c s tng kt c mt v chnh tr ca Lng Hn, Gia Ct Lng xy dng nn mt ch quc gia mi. T thc tin ca Gia Ct Lng, chng ta c th khi qut ch mi bng tm ch: Vua h tng thc, tr nc theo php. Phn sau To Tho cng lm, nhng Gia Ct Lng lm tt hn. Php tr ca To Tho cn nhum mu ngi tr, Gia Ct Lng th tun ty hn, cng bng hn. Chnh ph ca To Tho vn cn tham nhng. Ch Gia Ct Lng th lim khit hn nhiu. Thc t th iu ny b chi phi bi iu kin v cc th. To Tho b s tc v danh s bao vy, To Tho cn phi da vo h, nn khng th khng nhng b t nhiu. Thc t ng nh trong L Nghim hng ph v Gia Ct dng ngi ca ngi in D Khnh, c rt nhiu s vic trong hai nc Ngy Thc khng th ni cng ngy. To Ngy Trung Nguyn, Trung ng, s tc ng c, l cc din ln; Thc Hn ch chu, a phng, danh s khng nhiu, cc din b nh. Cng l mt s kin, ch To Ngy s ni ln mt ln sng ln, Thc Hn ch l nhng ln sng ln tn. Nh Gia Ct Lng git Bnh Dng, khng c nh hng ln nh To Tho git Khng Dung, thm ch c t ngi bit. y khng c bin h cho To Tho, ch mun ni r, phm vic g cng phi l vn c th, phn tch c th. To Tho cng tr nc theo php, ring vua h tng thc c th ch l l tng chnh tr ca Gia Ct Lng. T thc t chng ta thy, To Tho l tng, Gia Ct Lng l tng, khng c khc bit, u l tha tng nm trn quyn ln, hong

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ch l ci ting. Hn Hin ch l con ri, Lu A u c quyn hnh g? Con ngi Gia Ct Lng n chc v cng ht nh To Tho, u l tha tng khai ph, u c phong l huyn hu (To Tho V Bnh hu, Gia Ct Lng V Hng hu), u l chu mc (To Tho l K chu mc, Gia Ct Lng l ch chu mc). Nhng, v sau To Tho cn c phong l Ngy cng, lp Ngy quc, xng Ngy vng, To Phi cn ot v. Gia Ct Lng khng lm nhng vic . y l im khc nhau. Khc nhau nhng g? Ai cng c th nhn ra, To Tho thc hin Vua h tng thc sau ny s Tim v ot quyn, Gia Ct Lng khng nh vy. V Gia Ct Lng khng phong cng, khng lp nc, khng xng vng g g v sau khi qua i cng khng truyn li tng v cho con. C th khng nh, Gia Ct Lng thc hin vua h tng thc l cng tm. Nhng nh vy th c khng t ngi thy kh hiu. l trung qun i quc, nu khng c bng tim nghch, th v sao li cho hong khng c quyn hnh g? Nhng ngi mun bo v danh d cho Gia Ct Lng th khng khng cho rng do Lu Thin km v tr lc. Mt s hc gi c kh nng tng r v Lu Thin khng khi nghi ng Gia Ct Lng mun c quyn ln, mun tim quyn. Chng ta c th bn bc v hai cch ni trn. Vi tt c thin ch ca mnh, ti cho rng, Gia Ct Lng thc hin Vua h tng thc l mun ci cch ch , hong l nguyn th quc gia trn danh ngha, tng trng cho ch quyn v s thng nht t nc; tha tng l u no ca chnh ph lm nhng vic thc t, ph trch vic nh ra v thi hnh cc chnh sch. Thi u nh Ty Hn l nh vy, v r rng l ch tt nht. Nc Thc ca Gia Ct Lng c th coi l c khu chnh tr thi . Tic rng vic ch c thc tin, khng c l lun, va khng hnh thnh php lut, va khng tr thnh mt ch chnh thc. Hn na, Gia Ct Lng qua i lc cn y nhit huyt, v th l ht tt c, ngi ngi ly lm thng tic. Nhng y cha phi l iu bt hnh ca Gia Ct Lng. iu bt hnh l khng c my ngi hiu r nhng suy ngh ca Gia Ct Lng, thm vo l t nc li b dit vong sm nht. Gia Ct Lng qua i, thc nghim ca Gia Ct Lng cng ngng; nc Thc mt, l tng ca Gia Ct Lng mt theo. Ngay c nhng ngi sng bi thng tic Gia Ct Lng cng ch ngh ti hng phc Hn tht, canh cnh bn lng xut s cha thnh, khng h nhc ti Tr nc theo php v vua h tng thc l nhng iu c ngha nht, l no li khng l bt hnh? C ngi ni, nhn vt v i thng u c c. Tin rng Gia Ct Lng l nh vy. L no To Tho khng nh vy! Hng ngn nm nay, c th To Tho l nhn vt s mt lch s c bn ti nhiu nht, n nay ngi ngi vn cn tranh lun, vinh khp thin h v ph bng cng khp thin h. Nhng c c bao ngi thc s hiu v To Tho? Nhng li nh gi khch quan, cng bng v su sc m Tho nhn c c

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bao nhiu? iu m ti nghe c ch l nhng li phn n v o ngha. Nhng Engels li khng cho l vy (xem Li ta xut bn ln th ba ca Engels vit nm 1885 cho cun Ngy mi tm thng sng m Louis Bonaparte ca K.Marx. Chng c cch g nh gi, phn tch y v To Tho (vi Gia Ct Lng cng vy), ch mun a ra vi cch suy ngh n gin, cha tht chn vi bn thn. Theo ti, cng trng ch yu ca To Tho khng phi thng nht, vn ca To Tho cng khng phi gian tr v tn khc. Thng nht khng phi c quyn ca To Tho, cng khng phi vic ca mt ngi. Lu B v Tn Quyn u c t cch thng nht thin h, c s chun b v cng hin cho s thng nht sau ny. Cn nh gian tr v tn khc th ng l c v khng cn phi thanh minh hoc che du bt cho To Tho. Nhng phi ni, s gian tr v tn khc b ni khng ln nhiu, v iu ny, t lu c nhiu s gia nh chnh, khng phi ni thm. To Tho mun xy dng mt trt t mi, theo ti, y mi l iu ng khng nh nht. Ni v quan h giai cp th trt t mi chnh l th tc; ni v hnh thi thc l php gia. V vy, iu ny v c nhn To Tho phi c nh gi r rng. Lch s chng minh, a ch th tc v giai cp thng tr thch hp nht thi quc; v t tng php gia khng phi l hnh thi thc thch hp nht vi quc. ng li chnh tr t sau i Ty ng va khng phi l Nho gia s tc ca Vin Thiu va khng phi php gia th tc ca To Tho m l nho gia th tc. Nhng tn sau khi Ngy Tn Nam Bc triu sa sai vo nm 369, iu mi c thc hin, dng chnh quyn s tc vi T M gia tc lm i biu cng l mt tt yu trong lch s. To Tho va vt thi gian va sai lm, l no li khng tht bi? Lc ny chng ta bit, v sao giai cp a ch s tc li xa ri To Tho n nhng y. Bi v To Tho ngn ng h, lm nh thi gian ca h. Phn trc ni, vo nhng nm cui thi ng Hn, s tc l lc lng ch yu ca tp on thng tr. H mun tr thnh giai cp thng tr, c th c hai loi phng thc. Mt l qu ha bnh, hai l u tranh v trang. ng Trc vo kinh; s dng phng thc trc v khng xong; sau trn chin Quan , li s dng phng thc sau, cng tr thnh o nh. Lc ny ch c qun phit, khng xut thn t s tc, mi c th ot c chnh quyn. Hn na, ch c tm thi vt b ng li nho gia s tc m Vin Thiu l i biu th h mi c th thnh cng. l nguyn nhn Lu B, Tn Quyn v nhng ngi khc thng li sau thi k Vin Thiu. S qun phit khng s tc c l mt, s chnh quyn khng s tc c th, ni r ra v trc c xe, sau c vt, nh c tc dng dn u ca To Tho. V vy giai cp a ch s tc mi khng nh phi trt ht mi phn n ln ngi To Tho, m mi th khc ct ghi xng, coi Tho l yu ma ha. Thm vo , nhiu ln To Tho bt ngha, nn khng trnh khi t anh hng tr thnh gian hng.

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Hung chi bn thn To Tho li b ngi khc nm chui. Sai lm ln nht ca To Tho l chun b iu kin sau ny To Phi xng . D lch s khng th l gi, nhng chng ta c coi l gi, nh To Tho khng xng Ngy vng, thm ch khng phong Ngy cng, khng lp nc Ngy, th d To gia i i c lm tng, chc s vic khc. ng tic l To Tho b th quyn lc ti cao lm cho l ln, ri t mnh vc p vo chn mnh. Nh nm , khi Louis Bonaparte pht ng chnh bin ging nh ngi bc Napoleon, Mc tng d on: nu nh hong bo c khoc ln ngi Louis Bonaparte, th pho tng ng ca Napoleon s b y nho t nh tr trn vn Vendome xung. Chng ta cng c th ni mt cu: Khi To Phi khoc ln mnh tm hong bo, To Tho ch c th ch c v thnh mt b mt trng bch. Lc To Tho bc vo a ngc, Gia Ct Lng cng bc ln thin ng. Khng th ph nhn, trn ngi Gia Ct Lng lun ta sng nh ho quang. Gia Ct Lng mt lng v thin h, lo cho dn cho nc, cc cung tn ty, lin kt thn trng, khp mnh trong nguyn tc, l mt mu mc ngn i. Nhng Gia Ct Lng thnh thn tin khng hon ton v nhng ci . Nguyn nhn ch yu v x hi cn c in hnh. Ngi thng tr quc cn mt trung thn, trm h cn mt thanh quan, vn nhn s i phu cn mt ngi pht ngn. cng l o l khin To Tho bin thnh qu. X hi khng ch cn in hnh chnh din v cng cn c in hnh phn din. Theo ti, Gia Ct Lng v To Tho, hai nhn vt lch s, chng qua ch l con sng trc con sng sau ca Trng Giang; l hnh tng dn gian, hnh tng vn hc, Gia Ct Lng v To Tho ch nh hai mt ca ng tin. ng tin l hai mt ca nhn chnh. Ngi, mt na l thin s, To Tho ch c th l ma qu. Gia Ct Lng c coi l con sng sau, vy, To Tho con sng trc, nh phi cht trn bi ct. y khng phi l hy vng ca chng ta. Chng ta hy vng con sng sau ca Trng Giang y sng trc, sng trc khng ngng bin thnh sng mi. Nhng, ng l sng di lch s c th nh vy sao? Li sau cng Hn mt nm tri qua nhanh chng, cui cng bn tho hon thnh. Li cha ht v cng khng th ni ht c, vn phi ni li mt cu: Biu dng ph bnh, u rt hoan nghnh; hiu v ti, tr ti ti, xin ty cc v! Ngy 8 thng 3 nm 2007 DCH TRUNG THIN