Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
(17.4)
When the bow is rising, the reaction couple is clockwise on viewing from
top and thus the ship would move towards right or starboard side. Similarly,
when the bow is lowered, the ship turns towards left or port side [Fig. 17.7(c)].
Angular acceleration = jw
2
0
sin w
0
t (17.5)
Maximum angular acceleration = jw
2
0
(17.6)
Cyrcsccpic ffect cn RcIIing
As the axes of the rolling of the ship and of the rotor are parallel, there is no
precession of the axis of spin and thus, there is no gyroscopic effect.
In the same way, the effects on steering, pitching or rolling can be observed
when the plane of spin of the rotating masses is horizontal but along the
longitudinal axis of the vessel or when the axis is vertical.
ampIe !1.4 The turbine rotor of a ship has a mass of 2.2 tonnes and rotates at
1800 rpm clockwise when viewed from the aft. The radius of gyration of the rotor is
320 mm. Determine the gyroscopic couple and its effect when
(a) The ship turns right at a radius of 250 m with a speed of 25 km/h.
(b) The ship pitches with the bow rising at an angular velocity of 0.8 rad/s
(c) The ship rolls at an angular velocity of 0.1 rad/s.
5KJE
m = 2200 kg, R = 250 m, N = 1800 rpm, k = 0.32 m,
v = 25 km/h =
25 1000
3600
= 6.94 m/s
I = mk
2
= 2200 (0.32)
2
= 225.3 kg.m
2
w =
2 1800
60
p
= 188.5 rad/s
w
p
=
6.94
250
v
R
= = 0.0278 rad/s
Gyroscope 3
(i) C = I ww
p
= 225.3 188.5 0.0278 = 1180 N.m
The effect is to lower the bow (fore) and raise the stern (aft) when the ship turns
right [Fig. 17.7(b)].
(ii) w
p
= 0.8 rad/s
C = I ww
p
= 225.3 188.5 0.8 = 33 972 N.m
The effect of the reaction couple when the bow is rising, is to turn the ship
towards right or towards starboard.
(iii) w
p
= 0.1 rad/s
C = 225.3 188.5 0.1 = 4246.5 N.m
As the axis of spin is always parallel to the axis of precession for all positions,
there is no gyroscopic effect on the ship.
ampIe !1.5 The rotor of the turbine of a ship has a mass of 2500 kg and
rotates at a speed of 3200 rpm counter-clockwise when viewed from stern. The rotor
has radius of gyration of 0.4 m. Determine the gyroscopic couple and its effect when
(i) the ship steers to the left in a curve of 80 m radius at a speed of 15 knots (1 knot
= 1860 m/h)
(ii) the ship pitches 5 degrees above and 5 degrees below the normal position and
the bow is descending with its maximum velocity. The pitching motion is
simple harmonic with a periodic time of 40 seconds.
(iii) the ship rolls and at the instant, its angular velocity is 0.4 rad/s clockwise when
viewed from stern.
Also find the maximum angular acceleration during pitching.
5KJE
m = 2500 kg, N = 1800 rpm, k = 0.4 m,
v =
15 1860
3600
= 7.75 m/s
I = mk
2
= 2500 (0.4)
2
= 400 kg.m
2
w =
2 3200
60
p
= 335 rad/s
(i) R = 80 m
w
p
=
7.75
80
v
R
= = 0.97 rad/s
C = 400 335 0.097 = 12 981 N.m
The effect is to lower the bow and raise the stern [Figs 17.8 (a) and (b)].
(ii) j = 5 = 5
180
p
= 0.0873 rad
T = 40 s
\ w
0
=
2
40
p
= 0.157rad/s
w
p
= j w
0
= 0.0873 0.157 = 0.0137 rad/s
C = I ww
p
= 400 335 0.0137 = 1837.5 N.m
As the bow descends during pitching, the ship would turn towards right or star-
board [Figs 17.8(a) and (c)].
4 Theory of Machines
lig. !1.8
(iii) w
p
= 0.04 rad/s
C = 400 335 0.04 = 5360 N.m
No gyroscopic effect is there as discussed earlier.
Maximum Angular Acceleration during Pitching
a
max
= jw
2
0
= 0.0873 (0.157)
2
= 0.00 215 rad/s
2