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she heard of the work being done by Jesuits in Kurseong near Darjeeling. She became a nun and had a year's training in dublin. She learnt english and came to calcutta in 1929. She worked as a geography teacher. She was a principal for many years in St. Mary's high school She was going to Darjeeling to make her retreat. It was 10th september, 1946, while travelling by train, she heard the call of Jesus Christ so give up all and follow him to the slums to serve him among the poorest of the poor. She received intensive training in nursing and in the year 1948 opened her first slum school in a private house given to her. A new order, the missionaries of charity, was instituted in Calcutta. The male branch, missionary brothers of charity, was set up many years later in march 1963. The four vows taken by her order were justified by mother teresa. 1) The vow of poverty 2) The vow of chastity 3) The vow of obedience. 4) The vow of whole hearted free service to the poor. The last vow has special significance. According to this vow the sisters should not serve the rich. They should serve the poor without accepting any remuneration. The dress she had prescribed for her order was designed to hide any female charms that might attract attention. When the author asked her the reason for her special interest in the dying she said that it was a vocation, a call. She wanted such people who are unwanted by others. She started the house for the dying when she was moved by the sight of a woman lying infront of a hospital, half eaten up by rats and maggots. She was there till the woman died. Mother Teresa liked Calcutta so much because the people of calcutta had a warmth which could not be seen any where else. Regarding the financial assistance she told that money was not a great problem and god gave through his people. Regarding the work, she said that what ever she did was only a drop in the ocean, but if that drop was not in the ocean, the ocean would be less because of that missing drop. She was not concerned with the dimension of the work but the work itself. She started Nirmala Sishu Bhavan for a practical demonstration of what love meant for the unwanted. She said that being unwanted was the worst disease. She received Raman Magasaysay award. Pope John XXIII peace prize. Kennedy. Jr. Foundation award etc. The money she got was spent for lepers and opening leper colonies. 34. Conviction=firm belief, assurance, confidence, faith, creed, principle 35. The scripture=the bible, holy book 36. capitalize=make important, use to one's advantage, flip over, invert 37. providence=god'scare, Divine intervention, fate, fortune 38. Escort=accompany, go with, protection, keep an eye on, look after 39. Crumble=break into pieces 40. Expansive=willing to talk, unreserved, communicative, friendly, extrovert 41. proceed=go on, continue, carry on, move forward, grow 42. Elucidate=explain, make clear 43. Confer= to give 44. Chandeliered=with chandeliers(hanging lights) 45. Humility =being humble 46. Restrain=prevent, control, stop, govern, regulate 47. Raffle=a kind of lottery, prize 48. Spastic=suffering from a kind of paralysis 49. Rely=depend, lean on, have confidence in 50. Elite=most important 51. Fore go=forgo, give up, abandon, omit, sacrifice 52. Afford=be able to, bear, sacrifice, enough, provide 53. Dimension=extent 54. Demonstrate=show 55. Fend=look after, support oneself, survive 56. Cherish=like 57. Encomiums=words of high praise 58. Apostle=supporter of a noble cause, one of the twelve followers of Jesus Christ 59. Merge=unite, mix, blend, combine, mingle 60. Recount=memorise, describe, recite, report 61. Clad= to wear, drape, dress, wrap up 62. Thoroughfare= a road or path open for traffic 63. Unique=unequalled, only one, peculiar 64. Adopt=accept, appropriate, choose, take up 65. Xenophobia=unreasonable hatred towards foreigners or strangers, strong dislike Vow of chastity: We should give our heart complete and undivided to Jesus christ. Vow of obedience: We have to take all the other vows according to obedience. Vow of giving whole - hearted free service to the poor: The significance of the special vow is they cannot work for the rich neither they accept any money for the work they do. Theirs has to be a whole - hearted free service to the poor. 6) What reason does mother Teresa give for her special interest in the dying? A. Mother Teresa said that nobody takes care of the dying, the diseased, the sick and the crippled. Nobody wants the unwanted. Nobody loves or cares. She also said that giving a special interest in the dying was a vocation, a call. One day Mother Teresa saw a woman lying infront of a hospital half - eaten by rats and maggots. She looked after her until her derth. From then, Mother Teresa gave special interest in dying. 7) ''Mother Teresa, there are too many poor and destitute in the world today. How much can you do for them? The author asked mother. What was her reply? What was important to her? A. When the author asked Mother Teresa how much she could do for the too many poor and destitute in the world, she replied that her work might be a drop in the ocean, but if that drop was not in the ocean, the ocean would be less because of that missing drop. The dimension of the work was not important for her. 8) What does Mother Teresa think is the worst disease that any human being can ever experience? How does the Nirmal Shishu Bhavan demonstrate this idea? A) Mother Teresa thought that being unwanted is the worst disease that any human being can ever experience. She thought that there are medicines for all diseases like leprosy, TB etc. But there is no medicine for being un wanted. In Nirmal Shishu Bhavan abandoned children and prematurned babies will be looked after whole - heartadly. This Shishu Bhavan is a practical demonstration of the meaning of love to the unwanted. 3) Why are the birds said to have endless leisure? Is the poet being ironical? A. The birds are said to have endless leisure because they are dead and hung on a dead oak tree branch flapping in the sun and in the wind. The poet is ironical in saying so because one enjoys pleasure and suffers pain only when one is alive. There is neither work nor leisure for the dead. 4) Of all the birds and beasts the keeper had shot, only three are specially mentioned? What does each of them represent? A. Of all the birds and beasts the keeper had shot only three are specially mentioned. Each of them has their own nature and habits. The weasel was a fierce rather cruel animal. It kills other animals. The crow is a cunning bird. It steals things and kills small animals and insects. The magpie is an enchanting bird. It picks up bright objects and takes them to his nest.
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18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32.
27) Pathetic = pitiful, sorrowful, painful, heart breaking, tragic 28) Apathetic = Indifferent, lacking interest, dull, un ambitious 29) Decree = command, order, decide, judgement, declaration 30) Nonplussed = surprised, bewildered 31) Chortle = give a laugh of pleasure, huge laugh 32) Pre occupied = with mind fixed on some thing 33) Triumph = success, victory, accomplishment, celebration 34) Applaud = praise, approve, cheer, congratulate, acclaim 35) Vivid = clear, detailed, intense, strong 36) Somer sault = doing some feats like turning head over heel 37) Tumbling = rolling, drop, fall, dis arrange 38) Brooch = ornamental jeweled safety pin
Scarlet=bright red Hang on=pay attention,listen carefully Striped=with long narrow hands Alibi=excuse, defence for an accused, apology, explanation Acquit=set a prisoner free from court of law, release Wedge=unable to move Bang out=move out noisily Squeal=shrill cry, shout Vengeance=revenge propose=put forward Stout= fat, heavy, well built, massive Admit=agree, accept Divine=godly, from heaven, immortal, religious Crown counsel=prosecution lawyer Dome=rounded vault as roof
Lesson -5
Poem-2
The Gallows
Summary
his poem is written by Edward Thomas. Once there was a weasel which used to kill small animals. The keeper had killed him and hung on a dead oak tree branch. The weasel was hung there without pain and pleasure. There was a crow in the same place. As the crow was a thief and a murderer, the keeper had killed him also. The crow was hung on the dead oak tree branch. There was a magpie, a beautiful, noisy bird in the same place. Though he could sing and talk, he was also killed and hung on the branch. Many other beasts and birds were also killed and hung on the dead oak tree branch. All those were hanging and swinging in the sun and in the snow without pain and pleasure. The keeper had killed all those because all the animals were killing smaller ones. But the keeper had done a great injustice by killing the animals because the animals had a legitimate right of preying on small animals.
Meanings
1. Clue=indicator 2. Notorious=ill famed, known for bad, in famous, disgraceful 3. cluster=small group of people, crowd, assembly, collection 4. Mobile=movable 5. Dangle=hang loosely, depend, sway 6. Chapel=a small church 7. Foregather =come together, assemble 8. Enormous=very big, huge, gigantic 9. Innumerable=too many, countless, uncountable, untold 10. Destitute=poor, without any possessions, homeless, poverty, penniless 11. Dormitory= a large room with many beds 12. Await=wait for 13. Sparsely= with a little, thin, scarce, scattered 14. Sparing=using or giving a little 15. clasp=interlace one's fingers, brooch, buckle, clip, grasp 16. Homely=simple, plain, austere, comfortable, unsophisticated 17. Charisma=special charm 18. Vulgar=mean, paltry, drawing the attention too noticeably, offensive 19. Celebrity=a famous person, public figure, VIP, worth 20. Austere=simple, ascetic, without ornament, modest, unfury 21. Lilt=sing song, rhythmic 22. Cloistered=isolated, shut away from the world 23. Calling=profession, vocation, occupation, trade, career 24. Retreat=prayer period, retirement, departure 25. Vie with =Compete against 26. Erstwhile=previous, former, departed, late 27. Chastity =purity, virginity, innocence, maiden hood, sinlessness 28. Congregation= a religious group 29. Whence=from what cause 30. Cripple=handicap, disabled 31. Obvious=clear,evident, noticeable, prominent 32. Assiduous=with careful and constant attention, showing thoroughness 33. squat= to sit, crouch
Meanings
1. 2. 3. 4. Bough=branch Flap=hang, swing, sway, wave about Avail= to be of use Feast=grand meal
Meanings
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. Batter=strike hard, beat out of shape, disfigure Jury=lawyer, judge Mute=silent, deaden the sound Bulge=swell, come out, expand, enlarge Villa=a house in the out skirts with own garden Dock=enclose in the court Laurel= ever green shrub Fatal= deadly, dangerous, likely to cause death, incurable,malignant Expose=make known, uncover, reveal, display Suffuse=spread over, swell, increase, bulge Brutal=cruel, barbaric, merciless Astonish=greatly surprised, amaze, startle Verdict=judgement, decision, conclusion, opinion Daze= confuse, bewilder, puzzle Formal=usual, natural Accent=way of speaking, pronunciation, intonation Malice=ill will, harming nature,viciousness, hatred
Lesson -4
Mother Teresa
Summary
M other Teresa was born on 27th August 1910 in Skopje, Yugoslavia. Her interest in missionary activity began at 12 when