100

PELAGIC 100 PRODUCTION CONTROL FLUIDS

Issue 09 (INTL): 23 January 2012
rd

pelagic

TECHNICAL PROFILE

pelagic
Supplied by

Niche Products
+44 (0) 8452 967751
N che
THE QUEENS AWARDS FOR ENTERPRISE: INNOVATION

+47 55 11 46 50 +1 713 467 4748

2012

tech@subseafluids.com www.subseafluids.com

DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY

Issue No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (INTL) 8 (INTL) 9 (INTL) Revision 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Issue Date 26/02/02 30/05/02 02/09/02 18/01/03 17/06/05 02/01/07 15/05/08 08/01/09 23/01/12 Authorised by Dean Askew Dean Askew Dean Askew Dean Askew Dean Askew Dean Askew Dean Askew Dean Askew David Gleeson Position Research Director Research Director Research Director Research Director Research Director Research Director Research Director Research Director R&D Manager

Please note that this document is subject to revision on a regular basis. Please ensure you have the latest revision before using this data in applications of a critical nature.

Pelagic 100 Production Control Fluids Technical Profile 2

Niche Products Ltd.

DOCUMENT BACKGROUND
This document summarises of some of the technical data gathered to date, both within Niche Product laboratories, and using independent third parties (including independent assessors), on Pelagic 100 Water Based Production Control Fluids. The Pelagic 100 product range consists of: Pelagic 100 (HC): Very High Glycol Version for use in extreme climates and for Hydrate Control (such as Arctic Circle). Pelagic 100 (H): High Glycol Version for use in cold climates (such as North Sea). Pelagic 100 (M): Medium Glycol Version for use in warmer climates (such as Australia and the Gulf of Mexico). The main chemical variation between the fluids is the level of Antifreeze (MEG). Unless otherwise stated, all data presented in this report is based on testing conducted on Pelagic 100 (H) Control Fluid. This document will provide a broad technical overview on the Technical Performance of Pelagic 100 Fluids and demonstrate our commitment to producing superior fluids that offer a technical advance for this market sector. Test methods used in the acquisition of the test data have been summarised as appropriate, with full test methods available on request.

10.0 Seawater Compatibility Test Data 11.0 Completion Fluid Compatibility Test Data 12.0 Environmental Profile 13.0 High Temperature Fluid Stability Testing 13.1 Test Method Summary 13.2 Results Summary 14.0 Anti-Bacterial Protection 15.0 Buffering Against Glycolic Acid 16.0 Fluid Cleanliness 17.0 Packaging Options 18.0 Fluid Maintenance 19.0 Contact Details
Information given in this publication is based on Technical Data gained in our own and other laboratories and is believed to be true. However, if the material is used in conditions beyond our control, we can assume no liability for results obtained or damaged incurred through the application of the data present herein.

18 19 19 20 20 20 21 21 22 22 22 22

Certified ISO 9001-2008

For the Development, Manufacture and Supply of Speciality Chemicals

Certificate No: 2906

Pelagic 100 Production Control Fluids Technical Profile 3

Niche Products Ltd.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 Pelagic 100 Technical Data Summary 2.0 Typical Physical Properties 3.0 Discussions with Equipment Manufacturers 3.1 Individual Metal Corrosion Test Data 4.0 Seawater Ingression Anti-Corrosion Testing 4.1 Modified IP287 Test Results 4.2 Individual Metal Seawater Compatibility 5.0 Galvanic Corrosion Protection 5.1 Results from Digi Galv Galvanic Corrosion Work 6.0 Seal and Elastomer Material Compatibility 6.1 Test Method Summary 6.2 Elastomer Compatibility Testing at High Temperatures 7.0 Umbilical Hose Lining Test Data 7.1 Steel Line Umbilical Test Data 7.2 Thermoplastic Umbilical Test Data 7.3 External Compatibility data on Nylon 11 Umbilical Hoses 8.0 Some Materials to Avoid 9.0 Lubrication & Anti-Wear Test Data 9.1 Falex Lubricity and Anti-Wear Test Data 9.2 4 Ball Test Method (IP239)

Page 4 5 6 6 8 8 8 10 10 11 11 13 14 14 14 15 15 16 16 18

Pelagic 100 Production Control Fluids Technical Profile 4

Niche Products Ltd.

1.0 PELAGIC 100 TECHNICAL DATA SUMMARY

Pelagic 100 Subsea Control Fluids are low viscosity water based hydraulic fluids, specifically designed for operation in subsea production control systems. Pelagic 100 subsea fluids are the most environmentally acceptable, technicallycompetent water based production control fluids on the market today. Pelagic 100 subsea fluids demonstrate equal or better technical performance to the best in class control fluids across all technical performance areas. Pelagic 100 subsea fluids have an upper temperature capability in excess of 170C. Pelagic 100 subsea fluids have the best environmental profile of any subsea fluid on the market today. Pelagic 100 subsea fluids have >8 years positive field experience on >40 subsea fields and wells around the globe. Pelagic 100 subsea fluids offer >5 years mixed fluid compatibility data, extensive equipment and material compatibility and are extremely cost competitive. Pelagic 100 Control Fluids are available in varying glycol concentrations to suit global operational climates.

6B/6C/6D/6E/6F or better UV Tracer Dye and/or Pink Dye

Leak Tracing Ability Packaging Stock Locations

UV Tracer Dye and/or Pink Dye

UV Tracer Dye and/or Pink Dye

210kg Drums, 1050Kg IBCs and bulk. Manchester England, Aberdeen Scotland, Bergen Norway, Houston Texas, Vitoria Brazil, Singapore, Port Harcourt Nigeria, Perth Australia

Note: In the UK and Norwegian Sectors, Pelagic 100 (H) without the pink dye is referred to simply as Pelagic 100 (without any designation letter present).

Pelagic 100 Production Control Fluids Technical Profile 5

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2.0 TYPICAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Property Appearance Colour Viscosity (cSt) @ 0C Viscosity (cSt) @20C Viscosity (cSt) @40C Pour Point (C) Flash Point pH@ 20C Density @ 20C Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (1/C) Bulk Modulus -2 9 (Nm x 10 ) Particulate Cleanliness (NAS1638) Particulate Cleanliness (ISO 4406) Particulate Cleanliness (SAE AS4059)

Pelagic 100 (H) Clear Mobile Liquid Colourless/Pink 9.1 4.0 2.2 -30 N/A 9.5 1.052 0.00062

Pelagic 100 (M) Clear Mobile Liquid Colourless/Pink 6.1 2.8 1.8 -24 N/A 9.5 1.039 0.00059

Pelagic 100 (HC) Clear Mobile Liquid Colourless/Pink 15.4 7.4 3.7 <-50 N/A 9.5 1.08 0.00065

3.20

3.06

3.17

Class 6 or better

Class 6 or better

Class 6 or better

17/14/12 or better

17/14/12 or better

17/14/12 or better

6B/6C/6D/6E/6F or better

6B/6C/6D/6E/6F or better

A Pass indicates that the requirements of the specification were achieved. Incompatible means the material did not conform to the ISO 13628-6 requirements and we do not recommend this metal for use with the fluid. A table is provided overleaf which outlines the compatibility results for several commonly used metals. Please note that Niche Products Ltd has a large additional database of metal test results but we do not tend to publish this data directly for reasons of Client confidentiality. If therefore, you are interested in compatibility data for metals not shown overleaf please contact us and we can refer to our database for the outstanding data. Please also note that Niche Products are happy to test any metal components not currently on our database at no charge to the customer.

Pelagic 100 Production Control Fluids Technical Profile 6

Niche Products Ltd.

3.0 DISCUSSIONS WITH EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS

The first stage of the Niche Products test program involved discussions with major equipment suppliers to the industry to determine which metal and elastomer components are present in their systems. Once specific metal types have been identified, samples of the metals are requested from the relevant Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs), in the form individual machined components or metal samples for further test. If samples are not available from the OEM in question, Niche Products source the metals required where possible.

3.1 INDIVIDUAL METAL CORROSION TEST DATA Tests are carried out in the neat fluid and aged for 3 weeks, 6 weeks and 12 weeks following the methodology laid out in ISO 16328-6 Annex C Protocol with the following deviations/extensions.
? Test pieces were aged at 70C, which is more severe than that required in

ISO 13628-06. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA:

? No substantial visible corrosion products or attacks on any of the metals, ? No significant amounts of deposits (particles or sludge) in the fluid at the end of the test. ? Corrosion rates shall show a clear declining tendency with time. ? Corrosion rate of the carbon steel shall < 10 m/year (12 w result). ? Corrosion rate AISI 316 <5 m/year (12 w result). Maximum depth of

local attacks < 25 m.

? Corrosion rate 17-4-PH <5 m/year (12 w result). Maximum depth of

local attacks < 25 m.

? Corrosion rate of electroless nickel < 2 m/year (12 w result)

KR16 MP35N Nibron Special Nitronic 50 Silicon Nitride Balls SS304 SS316 / A4-80 Steel 416/S21 Steel 431 Super Duplex Super Duplex HM8831 Super Duplex S32750 Super Duplex S32760 Titanium Tungsten Carbide with 6% Ni Toughmet 3 AT110 (UNS C72900) Zirconia

OEM OEM OEM OEM OEM Niche Niche Niche Niche OEM Niche OEM OEM Niche OEM OEM OEM

Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

Pelagic 100 Production Control Fluids Technical Profile 7

Niche Products Ltd.

3.12 Tabulated Results for Metal Testing

Test Metal 13 Chromium 17-4-PH (UNS S17400)Z50000 9Cr 1 Mo Alloy 18/22C AISI 4140 AISI 430 FR AISI 440C Alloy K400 Alloy 450 UNS545000 Alloy K500 Alloy K500 RND Aluminium Bronze (UNS C63000) AMS 5630 ASTM-A789 Becol (UNS C17200) Carbon Steel EN 10025 Grade S235 DGS 1043 Duplex 9490 Electroless Nickel Coated Steel Elgiloy Galvanised Umbilical Inconel 625 Inconel 718 Inconel 725 Inconel 825 Metal ISO 13628-6 Visual Metal Visual Fluid Source Overall Result Result Result Niche OEM OEM OEM OEM OEM OEM OEM OEM OEM OEM OEM OEM Niche OEM OEM OEM OEM OEM OEM Niche OEM OEM Niche Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Corrosion Rate Result Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

In addition to the general seawater compatibility testing conducted in section 4.1, a more extensive investigation into the ability of Pelagic 100 fluids to protect individual metals from seawater corrosion was conducted on a cross section of metals commonly used in subsea systems. This data was compiled using the test protocols employed in section 3.1 above with quantities of 0%, 2%, 5% and 10% seawater added to the test samples and the results are tabulated overleaf.

Pelagic 100 Production Control Fluids Technical Profile 8

Niche Products Ltd.

4.0 SEAWATER INGRESSION ANTI-CORROSION TESTING

In addition to the extensive individual metal corrosion testing outlined in section 3.0, a detailed investigation into the ability of Pelagic 100 fluids to withstand the corrosive effects of seawater has also been employed. This testing began with a general test on high quality cast iron chips (modified IP287), as shown below, and was extended to cover a range of individual metals as outlined in section 4.2. 4.1 MODIFIED IP287 TEST RESULTS
Percentage Seawater Added To Test Fluid Product 0% Seawater 5% Seawater 10% Seawater 25% Seawater 50% Seawater

Pelagic 100

From this testing we can see that Pelagic 100 Production Control Fluids offer excellent corrosion protection, both as a neat product and after significant levels of seawater ingression.

4.2 INDIVIDUAL METAL SEAWATER COMPATIBILITY

KR16 MP35N Nitronic 50 Silicon Nitride Balls SS304 SS316 / A4-80 Steel 416/S21 Steel 431 Super Duplex Super Duplex HM8831 Super Duplex S32750 Super Duplex S32760 Titanium Tungsten Carbide with 6% Ni Toughmet 3 AT110 (UNS C72900) Zirconia

OEM OEM OEM OEM Niche Niche Niche Niche OEM Niche OEM OEM Niche OEM OEM OEM

Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

From this testing we can again see that Pelagic 100 Production Control Fluids offer excellent corrosion protection, both as a neat product and after significant levels of seawater ingression.

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4.21 Results of Testing

Test Metal

Metal Source Niche OEM OEM OEM OEM OEM OEM OEM OEM Niche OEM OEM OEM OEM OEM OEM Niche OEM OEM Niche

Results with 0, 2, 5 and 10% Sea Water ISO 13628-6 Visual Metal Visual Fluid Overall Result Result Result Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Corrosion Rate Result Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

13 Chromium 17-4-PH (UNS S17400)Z50000 9Cr 1 Mo Alloy 18/22C AISI 410 AISI 440C Alloy K400 Alloy K500 Alloy K500 RND Aluminium Bronze (UNS C63000) Becol (UNS C17200) Carbon Steel EN 10025 Grade S235 DGS 1043 Duplex 9490 Electroless Nickel Coated Steel Elgiloy Galvanised Umbilical Inconel 625 Inconel 718 Inconel 725 Inconel 825

1A

1A

0.5

0.5

0 AISI 4140 Inconel 625 316SS Steel 440c Monel K400 Al Bronze-C -0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

0 AISI 4140 Inconel 625 316SS Steel 440c Monel K400 Al Bronze-C -0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 -0.4

-0.5

-0.5

-1

-1

In general, any figure below 5A is acceptable for any single metal in the cell and considered to represent insignificant galvanic interaction. From the data it is therefore clear that insignificant galvanic effects will be encountered when using these Pelagic 100 control fluids.

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5.0 GALVANIC CORROSION PROTECTION

In addition to the single metal and general corrosion data covered elsewhere in this report, Pelagic 100 Production Control Fluids have also been subjected to extensive Galvanic Corrosion analysis using cells of metal tested in line with TP013 (A), and also on the Digi Galv Corrosion analyser which is a standard test method used in the development of water based subsea control fluids. The Digi Galv Corrosion Analyser is a chemical electronics technique that allows the measurement in real time of the galvanic interaction of several metals in a cell. This test is generally conducted at room temperature but can be conducted at higher and lower temperatures if required. Niche Products have manufactured their own test head for this technology, using metals commonly found in subsea hydraulic systems, and this test head has been used to examine galvanic interactions of 6 metals commonly used in subsea systems, both on the neat fluid and on the neat fluid with 10% Seawater added.
Metals Present in Galvanic Test Head AISI 4140 Steel AISI 440C Steel Aluminium Bronze Monel K400 Inconel 625 316 Stainless Steel

5.1 RESULTS FROM DIGI GALV GALVANIC CORROSION WORK The galvanic results achieved for Pelagic 100, both with and without 10% seawater added are shown below. Pelagic 100 with 0% Seawater Pelagic 100 with 10% Seawater

Important Notes:
? Results are based on a median of the 3 elastomeric materials tested. ? In cases where insufficient quantities of seals to conduct testing in triplicate and/or in

both vapour and liquid phase exist, priority is given to liquid phase testing.
? Under circumstances where seal types submitted by OEM's are not sufficiently large to

gain an accurate Shore Hardness reading, the results for shore hardness are stated as 'Non Measurable'. 6.1.1 Elastomer Compatibility at 70C Pelagic 100 has been shown to be compatible with a wide range of elastomeric materials in accordance with ISO 13628-6 which are summarised overleaf. Please note that Niche Products Ltd has a large additional database of elastomer test results but we do not tend to publish this data directly for reasons of Client confidentiality. If therefore, you are interested in compatibility data for elastomers not shown overleaf please contact us and we can refer to our database for the outstanding data.

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Pelagic 100 Production Control Fluids Technical Profile

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6.0 SEAL AND ELASTOMER MATERIAL COMPATIBILITY

The first stage of this test programme involved discussions with major equipment suppliers to the industry to determine which elastomer components are present in their systems. Once specific elastomeric materials have been identified, samples are requested from the relevant OEMs for testing. If samples are not available from the OEM in question, Niche Products source the materials required where possible. General seal compatibility testing is then conducted internally in our laboratories as outlined below. 6.1 TEST METHOD SUMMARY Tests are carried out in the neat fluid at a moderate 70C and high temperature (maximum plus 10C), respectively depending on the type of elastomer in question using the procedure laid out in ISO 13628-6 which is based on ASTM D1471 without tensile testing. The test specimens are weighed in air and in water and the Shore A or D hardness is measured on three replicate samples which are then exposed in separate vessels in the fluid at the required temperature. The same samples are, by re-exposure, used for the exposure periods of 1 week, 1 month and 3 months, respectively. Volume change and change in hardness are measured for each sample after each testing period. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA:
? No visible effect of the tested polymers on the appearance of the fluid. ? The appearance of the polymer materials shall not change during the test (some

staining by the fluid is permitted for materials which tend to discolour).

? Volume change shall not exceed the range -5 % to + 10 % at either temperature. ? The development in volume and hardness change with time shall show a clear

tendency to stabilization.

POM PTFE PTFE Carbon - Filled PVDF Silicone Turcon T19 Turcon T40 Turcon T46 Umbilical Hose Liner Viton Viton V747-75 Viton KFM-FR 10/80 Viton Extreme Zurcon Z80

OEM OEM OEM OEM Niche OEM OEM OEM OEM OEM Niche OEM Niche OEM

Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

None None None None None None None None None None None None None None

Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

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Pelagic 100 Production Control Fluids Technical Profile

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6.1.2 Summary of Results

Seal/ Elastomer Type Aflas Arlon 1000 Chemraz EPDM Flourel FKM FR10/80 FKM V1238-95 HNBR90 453702 HNBR H9T40 Hytrel 6356 NBR90 N552-90 NBR70 N674-70 NBR N7022 NBR70 N7083 NBR90 N9002 Nylon 11 PEEK 450G Polyamide Imide Polyurethane Source OEM OEM OEM Niche OEM Niche OEM OEM OEM Niche OEM OEM OEM OEM OEM Niche Niche OEM OEM % Swell Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Hardness change Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Any ISO 13628-6 issues? None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

Seal Swell Hardness Change ISO 13628-6

Pass Pass Pass

Pass Pass Pass

Pass Pass Pass

Three Months Results from Test Data at 170C Changes Observed Fluid Appearance Solids Present Macro Seal Change Micro Seal Change Seal Swell Hardness Change ISO 13628-6 PEEK No change No change No change No change Pass Pass Pass Chemraz No change No change No change No change Pass Pass Pass PTFE No change No change No change No change Pass Pass Pass

This data clearly shows that Pelagic 100 fluids have the ability to operate at extremely high temperatures without adverse effects on the seal media types stated.

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Pelagic 100 Production Control Fluids Technical Profile

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6.2 ELASTOMER COMPATIBILITY TESTING AT HIGH TEMPERATURES

In addition to the 70C data outlined in the previous section, Pelagic 100 control fluid has also been tested at higher temperatures for prolonged periods of time with several seal types commonly used in hydraulic systems. 6.2.1 Results Summary
One Week Results from Test Data at 170C Changes Observed Fluid Appearance Solids Present Macro Seal Change Micro Seal Change Seal Swell Hardness Change ISO 13628-6 PEEK No change No change No change No change Pass Pass Pass Chemraz No change No change No change No change Pass Pass Pass PTFE No change No change No change No change Pass Pass Pass

One Month Results from Test Data at 170C Changes Observed Fluid Appearance Solids Present Macro Seal Change Micro Seal Change PEEK No change No change No change No change Chemraz No change No change No change No change PTFE No change No change No change No change

The results of this test data are outlined overleaf: As we can see from the data, Pelagic 100 fluids were found to be compatible with all the grades of potential umbilical manufacture material tested. Please also note that while Niche Products are satisfied of base compatibility with the tested materials, compatibility in service is dependent on factors such as operating temperature/pressure and service life.

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Pelagic 100 Production Control Fluids Technical Profile

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7.0 UMBILICAL HOSE LINING TEST DATA

Niche Products have conducted a detailed compatibility programme on umbilical hose linings to ensure maximum compatibility with Pelagic 100 Production Control Fluids in service. 7.1 STEEL LINE UMBILICAL TEST DATA Steel Line umbilical compatibility testing has been conducted on components submitted by OEM steel line umbilical manufacturers Nexans Norway AS and Kvaerner Oilfield Products (Moss) AS. This testing was conducted under the metal compatibility test protocol outlined in section 3.0, with an additional test conducted on one metre sections of each umbilical for visual examination of both fluid and metal. Testing was conducted on 3 differing diameter umbilical lines from each manufacturer and all test data showed a grade 1 pass in all test criteria. As a result of this testing, Niche Products is satisfied that Pelagic 100 Production Control Fluids show basic compatibility with submitted materials from both Umbilical Manufacturers (under normal operating conditions). 7.2 THERMOPLASTIC UMBILICAL TEST DATA 7.21 In-House Compatibility Data This test data was compiled using the elastomer test method outlined in section 6.0, on hose linings submitted by Nexans Norway AS and on commerciallyobtained materials used in Umbilical manufacture such as Nylon 11 and several Hytrel Grades potentially used in the past.

Listed below are several materials that have the potential to be incompatible with water glycol hydraulic fluids in general.
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

Cadmium and Zinc Plating Aluminium and Aluminium rubbing contacts Some Zinc & Aluminium Alloys -samples should be submitted for further test. Electroplated components -samples should be submitted for further test. Copper Metal -samples should be submitted for further test. Viton Impregnated Cotton Porous seal materials and gaskets (e.g. paper or cork) Impregnated paper type Filter Elements Paint coatings -samples should be submitted for further test

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7.22 In-House Umbilical Material Compatibility Data

Hardness change Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

Seal/Elastomer Nylon 11 Bar Hytrel 6356 Hytrel 7246 Hytrel 5056 Hytrel 5556 Umbilical Liner

Source Niche Niche Niche Niche Niche OEM

% Swell Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

Noted issues ISO 13628-6 None None None None None None Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

7.3 EXTERNAL COMPATIBILITY DATA ON NYLON 11 UMBILICAL HOSES Pelagic 100 Production Control Fluid has undergone independent thermoplastic umbilical compatibility testing at NEL Laboratories in Glasgow. This test programme was conducted using industry test protocols specified within API 17E and was performed on Umbilical Hoses supplied by DUCO, who were also being provided with a copy of this independent test report. This testing involved two separate test temperatures and times (70C for 3 months and 40C for 12 months). Results from this testing conclude that Pelagic 100 is compliant with the API 17E protocols employed and this fluid range is therefore considered compatible with Nylon 11 Thermoplastic umbilical liners.

8.0 SOME MATERIALS TO AVOID

Torque (Lb.ln)

4 2 0 100 200 300 400 500

Load (Lbs)

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Pelagic 100 Production Control Fluids Technical Profile

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9.0 LUBRICATION & ANTI-WEAR TEST DATA

9.1 FALEX LUBRICITYAND ANTI-WEAR TEST DATA Lubrication testing on Pelagic 100 Production Control Fluids was conducted using Falex Lubricity Test equipment. All testing was conducted independently on samples submitted by Niche Product Laboratories. The Falex tester measures the torque experienced on a rotating test pin submerged in the test fluid, as it is subjected to increasing load. The load on the pin is increased at 100lb increments and the torque measured at each load increment. On reaching 500lb load, the load is held for 30 minutes and the level of wear on the test pin recorded in units of 'wear teeth'. A good lubricant is one that shows comparatively low torque and a low number of wear teeth. 9.11 Results of Testing

Pelagic 100 Lubricity Profile

14 12 10 8 6 Pelagic 100 Competitor Product

Wear Teeth & Torque (Lb.ln)

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Pelagic 100 Production Control Fluids Technical Profile

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Wear Teeth and Torque after 30 minutes at 500lb Load

30 25 20 15 10 5 0

Wear Teeth Torque after 30 minutes at 500 lb

Pelagic 100

Competitor Product

9.12 Results Discussion From the data above, we can conclude that Pelagic 100 Production Control Fluids shows excellent torque reduction potential and excellent wear characteristics. Please note that several manufacturers, who supply equipment used in Subsea production control systems, have tested the lubricity parameters of Pelagic 100 with no adverse issues identified.

10.0 SEAWATER COMPATIBILITY TEST DATA

Pelagic 100-seawater mixtures were exposed for 4 weeks at low (5C), ambient (20C) and moderate (70C) temperatures. The fluids were mixed with 5, 10 and in steps of 10 up to 50% artificial seawater (ASTMD1141-98). The pH-value of each mixture was measured. The mixtures were then exposed at 5, 20 and 70C for 4 weeks. The appearance of the fluid was observed and compared with the neat fluid, any solid matter was filtered off and the final pH values was measured. No precipitation or separation was observed with up to 10% Seawater after 1 month at 5C, 20C and 70C. No fluid separation was observed with 20-50% seawater contamination although Fine 'flowable' precipitates were present. Note also that no precipitation or separation was observed with up to 10% Seawater after 6 months at temperatures as high as 170C, under the test criteria outlined in section 15.0.

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Pelagic 100 Production Control Fluids Technical Profile

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9.2 4 BALL TEST METHOD (IP239) 9.21 Test Method Summary This testing was carried out in line with IP239 under two main areas: (a) Weld point test gives an indication of load carrying capability. The steel ball is loaded and rotated against 3 fixed steel balls for 10 seconds. A rotation speed of 1460 is used. At the end of each 10 second run, a further weight is loaded onto the balls, and the test re-run using fresh fluid. The test stops when the balls weld together. The weld point is the load at which this occurs. (b) 1 hour wear test gives an indication of the prevention of metal wear. The load and speed of rotation is fixed at the start of the test. Fresh fluid is added and the test run for 1 hour. After test, the scars on the 3 fixed balls are measured and an average taken. This is the Mean Wear Scar Diameter (MWSD). 9.22 Results Summary
Test Weld Point 1hr Wear 30kg 1 hr Wear 45lbf 1 hr Wear 65lbf Rev/Min 1460 1460 1800 1460 Specification >120Kg min <1.2mm MWSD Max 1.5mm Max 1.7mm Pelagic 100 400 0.853 0.900 0.886 Pelagic 100 + 5% SW aged 4 months @ 170C 280 1.033 Not Required Not Required

The results show that Pelagic 100 fluid passes this specification as a raw fluid and on contamination with 5% seawater aged at 170C for 4 months.

Pelagic 100 fluids do not contain any component within the formulation that has a biodegradation in sea water of less than 20% and the majority of the formulation contains components that exceed the upper 60% level and/or are considered to be PLONOR (Pose Little Or NO Risk to the environment) and do not require testing under OSPAR legislation. Overall, the environmental profile of Pelagic 100 Production Control Fluids meet the demanding environmental profile required under OSPAR legislation not onlyfor today, but also for the foreseeable future. This environmental profile makes the products suitable for discharge in Norway, UK and Netherlands, along with all other OSPAR countries. In addition Pelagic 100 Fluids are also fully compliant with EPA environmental legislation covering the Gulf of Mexico, with all toxicity results falling well within the required limits for discharge.

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Pelagic 100 Production Control Fluids Technical Profile

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11.0 COMPLETION FLUID COMPATIBILITY TEST DATA

Pelagic 100 control fluid was mixed with the following completion fluids in the mixing ratios 99.5:0.5, 99:1, 98:2, 95:5, and 90:10. Calcium chloride (CaCl2), calcium bromide (CaBr2), zinc bromide (ZnBr2), Potassium formate (K-formate) and caesium formate (Cs-formate). The actual brines were selected from commercially available products. Each test was conducted at 5C and 20C, and samples were exposed undisturbed for 4 weeks. The appearance of the mixtures was observed instantly after mixing, after 1 hour, 1 day, 1 and 4 weeks. The pH-value of each mixture was measured before and after exposure and compared with the pH of the pure control fluid. From the data set achieved, it was concluded that: Pelagic 100 fluids are fully compatible with Caesium and Potassium Formates. A flowable precipitate is observed with Calcium Chloride, Calcium Bromide and Zinc Bromide. As these precipitates are flowable, they would not be expected to be problematic in service.

12.0 ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE

Pelagic 100 Production Control Fluids have been tested in line with OSPAR legislation and are believed to be among the most environmentally acceptable Production Control Fluids ever developed, with superior biodegradation, low toxicity and no tendency to bioaccumulate in marine species.

6 month result 1 month result 3 month result 6 month result 1 month result 3 month result 6 month result

0% 5% 5% 5% 10% 10% 10%

Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

Key: Pass indicates that the fluid passed all test criteria after the relevant test time. Additional testing has also been conducted which proves Pelagic 100 Fluids fit for purpose at temperatures up to 190C under certain conditions.

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Niche Products Ltd.

13.0 HIGH TEMPERATURE FLUID STABILITY TESTING

13.1 TEST METHOD SUMMARY All high temperature testing conducted at Niche Product laboratories utilises high temperature Stainless Steel autoclaves, heated to the appropriate temperature, with samples periodically removed at 1, 3 and 6 month intervals. All samples removed from the test programme are examined against the unheated product, with particular attention paid to the following parameters: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Signs of wide variations in colour and general appearance. Signs of precipitation/solid formation, both on removal and over time. Signs of crystal growth over time. Signs of cloudiness, both initially and over time. Signs of fluid layer separation. pH variation. Large variations in viscosity.

13.2 RESULTS SUMMARY Based on the test data outlined below, Pelagic 100 fluids are specified as fit for purpose at temperatures up to at least 170C, both with and without the presence of up to 10% Seawater.
Test Temperature 150C Pass Pass 170C Pass Pass

Length of Test 1 month result 3 month result

% Seawater 0% 0%

10 9.5 9 Pelagic 100 Transaqua EE1

pH Value

8.5 8 7.5 7 6.5 6 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

Glycolic Acid Addition %

21

Pelagic 100 Production Control Fluids Technical Profile

Niche Products Ltd.

14.0 ANTI-BACTERIAL PROTECTION

Pelagic 100 Control Fluids do not contain a conventional organic biocide that is consumed under prolonged bacterial and fungal attack. Instead, Pelagic 100 fluids optimised formulation prevents bacteria and fungus growing, rather than killing cultures as they grow. This technology has an advantage in that it is not consumed as part of its protective mechanism, leaving it better able to defend the fluid in the longer term. In addition, this technology also helps to minimise the risk of employee sensitisation as witnessed with many conventional biocidal additives. Niche products have several independent reports outlining the bacterial resistance of Pelagic 100 fluids and these are available on request.

15.0 BUFFERING AGAINST GLYCOLIC ACID

Water based production control fluids operating at high upper temperatures can be affected by the formation of Glycolic acid, a strong acid that forms from the breakdown of Monoethylene Glycol. As a result, it is critical that high temperature production control fluids are able to buffer against the formation of this acid in operation. During the Pelagic 100 development process, great care was taken to ensure that Pelagic 100 offered the best buffering action possible in line with other performance attributes and this is clearly demonstrated in the chart below.

Glycolic Acid Buffering of Control Fluids

Please feel free to contact our Technical or Sales Department at: Niche Products Ltd Walter Leigh Way Moss Industrial Estate Leigh, Lancashire WN7 3PT, UK Telephone: +44 (0) 8452 967751 Facsimile: +44 (0) 8452 967752 Email: tech@subseafluids.com Website: www.subseafluids.com

22

Pelagic 100 Production Control Fluids Technical Profile

Niche Products Ltd.

16.0 FLUID CLEANLINESS

Pelagic 100 Production control fluids are filtered to NAS 1638 Class 6 (ISO 4406 17/14/12) during manufacture and great care is taken during filling to ensure minimum particulate contamination.

17.0 PACKAGING OPTIONS

Pelagic 100 fluids are available for purchase in the following pack sizes:
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210 Kilo UV Resistant plastic drums. 1050 Kilo UV Resistant IBC containers (palletised). 2,200 Litre Bulk 'Tote' Tanks suitable for transport offshore. Bulk Road Tanker.

18.0 FLUID MAINTENANCE

Niche Products operate a fluid sampling system, where purchasing assets are encouraged to submit regular fluid samples to our laboratories for analysis of fluid properties and advice on fluid integrity. Niche Products can offer advice on sampling on board and can also offer free sample bottles and labels for this purpose. Niche Products can also offer a fluid management system to customers which is designed to clean, circulate and monitor fluid integrity on board. Please contact our technical department for further information.

19.0 CONTACT DETAILS