Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium Proceedings, KL, MALAYSIA, March 2730, 2012 1341

Eects of Microstrip Feed Line Width on 1 4 Rectangular Microstrip Antenna Array Electrical Parameters and Estimation with Articial Neural Networks
O. Dundar1 , D. Uzer2 , S. S. Gultekin2 , and M. Bayrak3 Electronic Communication Program Eregli Kemal Akman Technical Vocational School of Higher Education Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey 2 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Faculty of Engineering-Architecture, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey 3 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Mevlana University, Konya, Turkey
1

Abstract In this study, 1 4 rectangular microstrip array antennas are designed at 16 GHz
resonant frequency for KU Band usage on Duroid 5880 substrate that has a thickness of 0.254 mm and a dielectric constant of 2.2. Designs are simulated using HFSS v12. At these designs, by changing the feed line widths systematically, for each antenna, electrical parameters like S11 response, directivity, gain, radiation eciency etc. are investigated for 26 array antennas in simulation media. Also, directivity and gain values are predicted with an Articial Neural Network model. The network has four inputs as dielectric substrate thickness, resonant frequency and dielectric constant of the substrate and three outputs as directivity, gain and radiation eciency. Multilayer perceptron structure for Articial Neural Network model and LevenbergMarquart learning algorithm for training the network are used. The network model is trained with 20 of 26 design data and is tested with the rest 6 ones. It is seen that the results from simulations and the neural network model are compatible with similar studies in the literature. 1. INTRODUCTION

Microstrip antenna is simply a conductive radiating patch whose bottom surface covered with ground plane and between two conductive surfaces there is a dielectric substrate layer [1]. Although these types of antennas have lots of advantage and application areas, their electrical parameters are depend on antennas physical parameters. Thanks to microstrip antenna arrays lightness, low prole and cost, they generally use in Ku Band application like VSAT, Radiometric place based re sensation and microelectromecanic systems between a large space [2]. In this study, a single antenna was design by using formulas in literature used for classic rectangular microstrip antenna design then a 1 4 element patch array antenna was designed that between a 0.428 wavelength space with antenna elements [2].
2. ANTENNA DESIGN

A single antenna, seen in Figure 1, was designed on Duroid 5880 dielectric substrate that has a thickness of 0.254 mm and a dielectric constant of 2.2 with a length of 7.41 mm and a width of 6.2 mm using classic rectangular microstrip antenna design formulas in the literature [35]. From this single patch design, a 1 4 patch antenna array contained 4 same size elements was obtained like seen in Figure 2 and between these antenna elements there were 0.428 spaces.
3. EFFECTS OF FEEDLINE WIDTH ON ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS OF A 1 4 RECTANGULAR MICROSTRIP PATCH ARRAY

The feed line was connected to connector with a 50 coaxial cable. The patch side of the feed line had a 100 impedance. In literature a traditional quarter wavelength converter was applied between 100 patches and the feed line [1]. From dierent the literature, in this study the line width between 100 patch and 50 feed input was changed 0.2 to 0.7 mm. At total 26 antenna arrays were designed and these antennas were simulated by HFSS software. The simulation results are given in Table 1. From Table 1, it is seen that S11 response, directivity, gain and radiation eciency increase with the increased feed line widths. The largest S11 value is for values between 0.500.60 mm. It can be said that the most ecient values of S11 response, directivity, gain and radiation eciency are for No. 18 array with a 0.54 mm width. A comparison of S11 response,

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Figure 1: Single patch antenna.

Figure 2: 1 4 array antenna.

Table 1: Electrical parameters variation against feed line lengths. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Thickness fr (t) (mm) (GHz) 0.20 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.30 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.38 0.40 0.42 0.44 0.46 0.48 0.50 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.68 0.70 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 f rHF SS (GHz) 16.34 16.31 16.35 16.32 16.29 16.28 16.09 16.14 16.10 16.07 16.05 16.06 16.00 16.05 16.03 16.03 16.00 16.00 16.02 15.97 15.99 15.80 15.80 15.82 15.84 15.81 S 11 (dB) 13.07 13.34 14.30 13.55 13.68 14.17 14.95 14.04 14.84 15.53 16.80 16.96 17.30 18.68 19.44 19.91 20.95 22.61 22.97 25.63 26.97 23.30 31.34 22.97 17.09 19.43 Directivity Gain (G ) (D ) (dB) (dB) 11.52 11.41 11.47 11.49 11.45 11.47 11.45 11.50 11.49 11.49 11.50 11.50 11.46 11.53 11.50 11.51 11.57 11.54 11.47 11.52 11.48 11.42 11.38 11.46 11.43 11.45 10.95 10.85 10.94 10.93 10.92 10.93 10.88 10.96 10.94 10.96 10.97 10.99 10.91 10.98 10.97 10.97 11.00 11.02 10.93 11.01 10.94 10.90 10.88 10.92 10.90 10.92 Radiation Eciency (Re) (dB) 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.89 0.89 0.88 0.88 0.89 0.88 0.88 0.89 0.88 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.88 0.89 0.89 BW (%) 3.31 3.56 3.62 3.94 4.06 4.31 4.27 4.44 4.44 6.75 4.19 4.37 4.30 4.19 4.19 4.36 3.94 3.88 4.26 3.81 3.87 1.88 2.13 1.94 1.56 1.75

directivity, gain and radiation eciency values between No. 18 design and the design in literature with quarter wavelength converter is given in Table 2 [2].

Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium Proceedings, KL, MALAYSIA, March 2730, 2012 1343 Table 2: Comparison of No. 18 design with [2]. S11 Response Simulation Frequency Directivity Gain Radiation Eciency 3.70 dB 16.10 GHz 11.52 dB 10.837 dB 0.85 22.61 dB 16.00 GHz 11.54 dB 11.02 dB 0,89

Antenna Parameters

1 4 Patch

1 4 Patch

Table 3: Train and test data set for ANN model and iteration results.
No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 fr (GHz) 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 Inputs t r (mm) 0.20 2.2 0.22 2.2 0.24 2.2 0.26 2.2 0.28 2.2 0.30 2.2 0.32 2.2 0.34 2.2 0.36 2.2 0.38 2.2 0.40 2.2 0.42 2.2 0.44 2.2 0.46 2.2 0.48 2.2 0.50 2.2 0.52 2.2 0.54 2.2 0.56 2.2 0.58 2.2 0.60 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.68 0.70 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 h (mm) 0.254 0.254 0.254 0.254 0.254 0.254 0.254 0.254 0.254 0.254 0.254 0.254 0.254 0.254 0.254 0.254 0.254 0.254 0.254 0.254 0.254 0.254 0.254 0.254 0.254 0.254 Simulation Outputs D G Re (dB) (dB) 11.5200 10.9500 0.8800 11.4100 10.8500 0.8800 11.4700 10.9400 0.8800 11.4900 10.9300 0.8800 11.4500 10.9200 0.8800 11.4700 10.9300 0.8800 11.4500 10.8800 0.8800 11.5000 10.9600 0.8800 11.4900 10.9400 0.8800 11.4900 10.9600 0.8800 11.5000 10.9700 0.8900 11.5000 10.9900 0.8900 11.4600 10.9100 0.8800 11.5300 10.9800 0.8800 11.5000 10.9700 0.8900 11.5100 10.9700 0.8800 11.5700 11.0000 0.8800 11.5400 11.0200 0.8900 11.4700 10.9300 0.8800 11.5100 11.0100 0.8900 11.4800 11.4200 11.3800 11.4600 11.4300 11.4500 10.9400 10.9000 10.8800 10.9200 10.9000 10.9200 0.8800 0.8900 0.8900 0.8800 0.8900 0.8900 ANN Outputs D AN N G AN N Re (dB) (dB) 11.5200 10.9500 0.8800 11.4100 10.8500 0.8800 11.4700 10.9400 0.8800 11.4900 10.9300 0.8800 11.4500 10.9200 0.8800 11.4700 10.9300 0.8800 11.4500 10.8800 0.8800 11.5000 10.9600 0.8800 11.4900 10.9400 0.8800 11.4900 10.9600 0.8800 11.5000 10.9700 0.8900 11.5000 10.9900 0.8900 11.4600 10.9100 0.8800 11.5300 10.9800 0.8800 11.5000 10.9700 0.8900 11.5100 10.9700 0.8800 11.5700 11.0000 0.8800 11.5400 11.0200 0.8900 11.4700 10.9300 0.8800 11.5100 11.0100 0.8900 11.5133 11.4479 11.3387 11.2747 11.2661 11.2655 11.0048 10.8504 10.6007 10.5991 10.5997 10.5997 0.8795 0.8592 0.8969 0.9949 1.0066 1.0074

Train Set

Test Set

4. ESTIMATION OF DIRECTIVITY, GAIN AND RADIATION EFFICIENCY WITH AN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK MODEL

Directivity, gain and radiation eciency of the designed a 1 4 array patch antenna was estimated with a four input-three output ANN model for constant width, frequency thickness and dielectric value [7, 8]. The ANN model had a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) structure and for training the structure, Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm was used [710]. MLP structure and ANN model are given in Figure 3. Train and test data set for ANN model and iteration results are given in Table 3. In Table 3, given ANN inputs are resonant frequency (fr ), feed line width (t), dielectric constant of the substrate (r ) and dielectric substrate thickness (h), while outputs are directivity (D), gain (G) and radiation eciency (Re ). ANN-LM network has a 4 9 10 3 structure and epoch number is 205. Train performance of the network is 2,34.1031. Train and test graphics obtained from train results are given in Figure 4.

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(a)

(b)

Figure 3: Multilayer perceptron structure and ANN model structure.

Figure 4: Train and test graphics obtained from iterations. 5. CONCLUSION

In this study, 26 1 4 patch antenna arrays were designed. When the electrical parameters of these antennas were investigated, it was shown in Table 1 that No. 18 design had the best performance compared to the literature from Table 2. This study was presented as an alternative of traditional quarter wavelength converters in the literature. Also, the obtained antenna parameters were used for an ANN model testing and it was seen from the graphics, directivity, gain and radiation eciency values were estimated. It is observed from the results that this estimation is enough successful.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This study is supported by Scientic Research Project Oce of Selcuk University.

REFERENCES

1. Garg, R., P. Bhartia, I. Bahl, and A. Ittipiboon, Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook, 293 296, Artech House, 1995. 2. Khan, O. M., Z. Ahmad, and Q. Islam, Ku band microstrip patch antenna array, IEEE, 1-4244-1494-6/07, 2007. 3. Balanis, C. A., Antenna Theory Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition, Chapter 14, Wiley, 1997. 4. James, I. J. and P. S. Hall, Handbook of Microstrip Antennas, Vol. 1, Peter Peregrinus Ltd., 1989. 5. Green, D. W., Broadbanding of microstrip antenna, www.cwnp.com/learning center/search details. php?doc id=jbM80iLL-12k, 2002.

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6. HFSS v 12, http://www.ansoft.com/products/hf/hfss. 7. Rumelhart, D. E. and J. L. McClelland, Parallel Distributed Processing, Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition, The MIT Press, Cambridge, 1986. 8. Haykin, S., Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation, Macmillan College Publishing Company, 1994. 9. Levenberg, K., A method for the solution of certain non-linear problems in least squares, The Quart. Appl. Math., Vol. 2, 164168, 1944. 10. Marquardt, D., An algorithm for least-squares estimation of nonlinear parameters, SIAM J. Appl. Math., Vol. 11, 431441, 1963.