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(Marching army sings BabyIon Is FaIIen)
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BabyIon is faIIen
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Is faIIen, is faIIen
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BabyIon is faIIen to rise no more
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BabyIon is faIIen, is faIIen, is faIIen
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BabyIon is faIIen to rise no more
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Sound the trumpet in Mount Zion
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Christ is come a second time
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RuIing with a rod of iron
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AII who now as foes combine
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BabeI's garments we've rejected
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And our feIIowship is o'er
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BabyIon is faIIen, is faIIen, is faIIen
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BabyIon is faIIen to rise no more


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BabyIon is faIIen, is faIIen, is faIIen
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BabyIon is faIIen to rise no more
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(Distant orator)
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(Army shouts response)
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TROOPS: Praise the Lord!
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TROOPS: For God and ParIiament!
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Front ranks, present!
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PROKOFIEV: AIexander Nevsky
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(Shouted command)
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Draw your swords!
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Peregrinus, expectavi
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Pedes meos, in cymbaIis
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Peregrinus

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Expectavi
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Pedes meos, in cymbaIis
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Peregrinus, expectavi
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Pedes meos...
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(Shouts command)
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Peregrinus, expectavi
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Pedes meos, in cymbaIis
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Peregrinus
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Expectavi
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Pedes meos, in cymbaIis
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The first articIe of the Agreement of the PeopIe.
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That the people of England,
being very unequally distributed
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for the election of their deputies in Parliament...
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(Angry shouting)
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I wish you wouId not make the worId beIieve
we are for anarchy.
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(Dissenting voices)
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Show me what difference there is why
I may not, by the same right, take your property.
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(Laughter)
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I think that the poorest He that is in EngIand
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has a Iife to Iive as the greatest He.
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No person has a right to a share in the kingdom
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that has not a permanent fixed interest
in the kingdom.
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I wonder we soIdiers were so deceived.
51
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There are many in my condition.
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lt maybe little estate they have at present,
53
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but they have as much birthright as those two,
who are our Iawgivers, as any in this pIace.

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And now they demand the birthright
for which they fought!
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(Shouts of agreement)
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Peregrinus
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Expectavi
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Pedes meos, in cymbaIis
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(Gunfire)
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Aim!
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CoIoneI Rich.
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Remove those papers.
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Give fire!
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Recoveryourmuskets!
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Expectavi
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Pedes meos

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In cymbaIis
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Oh, England,
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l, Gerrard Winstanley,
am one of your sons by freedom,
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and l do truly love yourpeace
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but by your cheating sons
in the thieving art of buying and selling,
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l was beaten out ofboth estate and trade
in London,
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and forced to accept the goodwill
of my beloved friend William Everard,
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to live a country life.
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And there, likewise, by the burden of taxes
and much free quarter,
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my weakback found the burden
heavier than l could bear.
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Yet not a full year since, being quiet at my work,
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my heart was filled with sweet thoughts,

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and many things were revealed to me
which l never read in books
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nor heard from the mouth of any flesh.
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And when l began to speak of them,
some people could not bear my words.
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And amongst those revelations, this was one..
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That the earth shall be made a common
treasury of livelihood to the whole ofmankind,
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without respect of persons.
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And l had a voice within me
bade me declare it all abroad,
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which l did obey.
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Then l was made to write a little book,
called The New Law ofRighteousness,
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and therein l declared it.
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Yet my mind was not at rest,
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because nothing was acted
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and thoughts ran in me that words and writings
were all nothing, and must die,
92
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for action is the life of all,
93
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and if you do not act, you do nothing.
94
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All men have stood for freedom.
95
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Plenty of petitions and promises
have been made for freedom,
96
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and now the common enemy is gone
you are all like men in a mist,
97
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seeking for freedom,
and knowing not where, nor what it is.
98
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For freedom is the man
that will turn the world upside down.
99
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Therefore, no wonder he has enemies.
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We thank thee for thy Iife, heaIth,
peace and food
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and aII thy gIories given to us.
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Through Jesus Christ our Lord, Amen.
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Good day, Mistress PIatt.
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Have the chiIdren been fed?
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Yes, Mistress.
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(SIurps)
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Margaret, I am beset with troubIe.
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Margaret?
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Yes, John. I'm Iistening.
110
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You are not listening, you are reading.
And l know what you are reading.
111
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What have I done
that you are so IittIe wife to me?
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(Door sIams)
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The work we are going about is this 114
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to dig up Georges Hill
and the waste ground thereabouts,
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and to sow corn and eat our bread together
by the sweat of our brows.

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And the reason is this..
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that we may work in righteousness,
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and lay the foundation of making the earth
a common treasury for all,
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both rich and poor.
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That everyone that is born in the land
maybe fed by the earth, his mother,
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that brought him forth,
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according to the reason
that rules in the creation.
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Not enclosing any part into any particular hand,
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but all as one man,
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working together and feeding together
as sons of one father,
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members of one family,
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A sign? A sign of what, pray?
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Of God's mercy.
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Ah. I see, God is mercifuI.
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Let us pray that the AImighty
wiII grant us a better harvest.
131
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I doubt that the poor can endure
another year of ruin.
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Are the poor so Iarge in your thoughts,
then, Parson?
133
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I consider godIiness in poor men
a most estimabIe and usefuI quaIity.
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However, in men of substance,
it is more conspicuous.
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As Iord of the manor and parson,
you have much to thank God for.
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As Luther said, here I stand!
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This is my fIock!
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I am ordained.
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EngIand is infected with a pIague of ignorant,
ranting hedge-preachers.

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You have already seduced ten of my flock
from out of my church by your ravings.
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You unhinge minds aIready rendered weak
by poverty and ignorance.
142
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Then the fauIt Iies in poverty and ignorance!
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(Chatter and Iaughter)
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WOMAN: Mr WinstanIey?
I wouId speak with you.
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If I may be of service.
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PIease, enter.
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COACHMAN: Go on!
(Horse whinnies)
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I have read your book.
149
00:16:05,487 --> 00:16:08,487
I have read it so often I know it by heart.
150
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The voice of God speaks in you,
and through you.
151
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You cannot conceive the degree
of my suffering.

152
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There is a favour I must ask of you.
153
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One you cannot deny me before God.
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I shaII join your fIock.
155
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I, too, shaII dig.
156
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l am with child, but when...
157
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Our Iife is hard.
158
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(Bird caws)
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Ssh.
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(ChiId grizzIes)
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Friend, is this yours?
162
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I'm Gerrard WinstanIey.
163
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- You?
- Yes. I wrote it.
164
00:18:33,447 --> 00:18:36,447
Have you come to join the Diggers?
165

00:18:42,447 --> 00:18:45,447


You are most weIcome.
166
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True religion and undefiled is this.
167
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To let everyone quietly have earth to manure
168
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that they may live in freedom by their labours.
169
00:18:56,007 --> 00:18:58,966
Do not all strive to enjoy the land?
170
00:18:58,967 --> 00:19:01,967
The gentry strive forland,
the clergy strive forland,
171
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the common people strive for land.
172
00:19:04,647 --> 00:19:06,206
And buying and selling is an art
173
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where by people endeavour
to cheat one another of the land.
174
00:19:10,447 --> 00:19:13,447
Now, ifany can prove from
the Law ofRighteousness
175
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that the land was made peculiar to him,
and his successively,
176
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shutting out all others,
he shall enjoy it freely, for my part.
177
00:19:21,927 --> 00:19:24,526

But l affirm it was made for all,


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and true religion is to let everyone enjoy it.
179
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Therefore, you rulers of England,
180
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make restitution of the land
which the kingly powerholds from us.
181
00:19:34,087 --> 00:19:37,087
Set the oppressed free,
and come in and honour Christ,
182
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who is the restoring power,
183
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and you shall find rest.
184
00:19:52,167 --> 00:19:55,167
(Wood chopping)
185
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Skin and bone.
186
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Come on. We'II find you a house.
187
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(Sobs)
188
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PIease don't cry.
189
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You'II be weII Iooked after now.
190
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Aagh!
191
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(Laughter)
192
00:22:19,767 --> 00:22:22,767
(Curses)
193
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(Low chatter in distance)
194
00:22:53,447 --> 00:22:56,447
(Bird fIies up)
195
00:22:59,767 --> 00:23:02,767
(BattIe cries)
196
00:23:03,407 --> 00:23:06,407
(Screaming)
197
00:23:19,527 --> 00:23:22,527
(Screams)
198
00:24:43,807 --> 00:24:46,807
I have with me a justice ofthe peace.
199
00:24:52,127 --> 00:24:55,127
AIthough you have done serious wrong
in trespassing on another's Iand, common Iand,
200
00:24:57,167 --> 00:24:59,326
ownedby Francis Drake, Esquire,
201
00:24:59,327 --> 00:25:02,327
the action taken against you
was not in accordance with the Iaw,
202
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and consequently,
l have no alternative but to release you.
203

00:25:39,287 --> 00:25:42,086


Look! They Iive Iike pigs.
204
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(Distant shouting)
205
00:26:03,247 --> 00:26:06,247
Look, there.
206
00:26:37,247 --> 00:26:40,247
(Piper pIays)
207
00:27:01,767 --> 00:27:04,767
- You certainIy do, but I'm not going to teII him.
(Laughter)
208
00:27:22,967 --> 00:27:25,967
Let us give thanks.
209
00:27:47,807 --> 00:27:50,807
(ShriII whistIe)
210
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Come on! Hurry!
211
00:28:27,687 --> 00:28:29,086
Brothers!
212
00:28:29,087 --> 00:28:31,886
Brothers! You are weIcome!
213
00:28:31,887 --> 00:28:33,606
You have come to join us.
214
00:28:33,607 --> 00:28:36,486
l see it writplainly on yourfaces.
215
00:28:36,487 --> 00:28:39,366
- You have come to cast offthe...
- Who is Ieader here?
216

00:28:39,367 --> 00:28:40,606


I.
217
00:28:40,607 --> 00:28:43,607
This man we acknowIedge as our inspiration.
218
00:28:43,927 --> 00:28:46,927
I am here by command of Lord GeneraI Fairfax.
219
00:28:48,407 --> 00:28:50,246
You are trespassing.
220
00:28:50,247 --> 00:28:53,247
I have a warrant for your dispersaI
from the CounciI of State.
221
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Trespassing. Trespassing!
222
00:28:56,647 --> 00:28:59,647
We, the common peopIe,
trespassing on common Iand which we own?
223
00:29:01,327 --> 00:29:04,327
Is not the meaning of the word 'common' cIear?
224
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It beIongs to aII.
225
00:29:06,487 --> 00:29:09,487
But to Mr Francis Drake, in particuIar.
226
00:29:10,767 --> 00:29:13,767
Have you and I,
the common peopIe of EngIand,
227
00:29:14,127 --> 00:29:16,566
fought a bIoody war for nothing?
228
00:29:16,567 --> 00:29:19,567
Have we just served one Iot of gentry
against another?

229
00:29:22,167 --> 00:29:25,167
So, friends,
you wouId turn your sword bIades on us 230
00:29:26,167 --> 00:29:29,167
defenceIess men,
who fought by your sides in the war.
231
00:29:31,767 --> 00:29:34,767
So wouId you cut down poor women
and chiIdren?
232
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This is madness.
233
00:29:40,967 --> 00:29:43,967
Where are your crops?
234
00:29:44,207 --> 00:29:47,206
You'II not grow anything here. Not in this dust.
235
00:29:47,207 --> 00:29:50,046
Then Iet nature disperse us.
236
00:29:50,047 --> 00:29:53,047
We'II come to the GeneraI, Everard and I,
and expIain ourseIves to him.
237
00:30:08,207 --> 00:30:11,207
(Murmurs of approvaI)
238
00:30:47,087 --> 00:30:50,087
Good day, gentIemen.
239
00:30:53,527 --> 00:30:56,527
We observe you do not remove your hats
in the Lord GeneraI's presence.
240
00:30:57,167 --> 00:30:59,486
He is but a feIIow creature.

241
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Give honour where honour is due.
242
00:31:05,007 --> 00:31:07,166
WouId you kindIy expIain your mission?
243
00:31:07,167 --> 00:31:10,167
First we wiII have our hats.
244
00:31:12,127 --> 00:31:15,127
To keep our brains warm.
245
00:31:15,327 --> 00:31:18,327
HoId your tongue.
246
00:31:19,327 --> 00:31:21,726
Our hats.
247
00:31:21,727 --> 00:31:24,727
Return their hats.
248
00:31:30,967 --> 00:31:33,967
Now, gentIemen,
wiII you pIease come to the point?
249
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Sir, we vioIate no man.
250
00:31:37,607 --> 00:31:40,607
We dig upon the commons in peace.
251
00:31:41,247 --> 00:31:44,247
Many IocaI gentIemen and freehoIders
have compIained to the CounciI of State
252
00:31:45,407 --> 00:31:48,407
that you are tumuItuous,
and a danger to the county.
253
00:31:49,767 --> 00:31:52,526
You are cIearIy infringing the Iaws

and must disperse.


254
00:31:52,527 --> 00:31:55,527
The abomination ofthe Iaw
is dead with the King!
255
00:31:56,727 --> 00:31:58,766
Divide EngIand into three parts.
256
00:31:58,767 --> 00:32:01,767
Scarce one part is manured, so that here is Iand
enough to maintain aII her chiIdren.
257
00:32:04,487 --> 00:32:07,487
Yet many starve for want,
or Iive under a heavy burden aII their Iives.
258
00:32:09,447 --> 00:32:12,326
And this misery the poor have brought
upon themseIves
259
00:32:12,327 --> 00:32:15,327
through Iifting up particuIar interest
by their Iabours.
260
00:32:19,687 --> 00:32:22,366
Common Iand is for grazing cattIe,
261
00:32:22,367 --> 00:32:25,006
not pIoughing.
262
00:32:25,007 --> 00:32:28,007
As soon as one man digs, he digs for himself.
263
00:32:29,487 --> 00:32:32,206
CattIe, on the other hand, do not discriminate.
264
00:32:32,207 --> 00:32:34,846
The Iaw is perfectIy sensibIe.
265
00:32:34,847 --> 00:32:37,847
CommunaI Iiving is just an excuse for idIeness.

266
00:32:38,287 --> 00:32:41,287
Let a man work on his own behaIf,
then he'II work hard enough.
267
00:32:42,247 --> 00:32:45,247
But the rich, sir, the Iords and gentry,
they do no work.
268
00:32:45,767 --> 00:32:47,566
They Iive on rents.
269
00:32:47,567 --> 00:32:50,567
But they have to attain their position, damn it,
and hoId it.
270
00:32:51,927 --> 00:32:54,927
And that requires more skiII
than you can Iay cIaim to.
271
00:32:54,967 --> 00:32:57,967
Was the earth made to preserve a few covetous
and proud men to Iive at ease?
272
00:32:59,847 --> 00:33:02,847
To bag and barn up the treasures ofthe earth
from others,
273
00:33:03,007 --> 00:33:06,007
that these shouId beg and starve
in a fruitfuI Iand?
274
00:33:09,207 --> 00:33:12,207
So you wouId seize their property
and own it for yourseIf?
275
00:33:12,887 --> 00:33:15,887
We offer no offence to any, but do carry
ourseIves in Iove and peace toward aII,
276
00:33:18,527 --> 00:33:21,286
having no intent to meddIe with
any man's property,

277
00:33:21,287 --> 00:33:24,287
tiII it be freeIy given by themseIves to us.
278
00:33:24,727 --> 00:33:27,727
The earth, sirs, was made to be
a common treasury for aII.
279
00:33:33,127 --> 00:33:35,566
What do you propose to do?
280
00:33:35,567 --> 00:33:38,567
To earn our bread by the sweat of our brow.
281
00:33:44,247 --> 00:33:46,286
WeII...
282
00:33:46,287 --> 00:33:49,287
strive to preserve the peace.
283
00:33:50,407 --> 00:33:53,407
That is aII I charge you with.
284
00:33:54,727 --> 00:33:56,526
Thank you, sir.
285
00:33:56,527 --> 00:33:59,527
And when the Lord thy God shaII deIiver
mine enemies before thee,
286
00:34:01,287 --> 00:34:04,287
thou shaIt smite them and utterIy destroy them.
287
00:34:05,527 --> 00:34:08,527
Thou shaIt make no covenant with them,
nor show mercy unto them
288
00:34:10,727 --> 00:34:13,526
but thus shaII ye deaI with them.
289
00:34:13,527 --> 00:34:16,527

Ye shall destroy their altars


and cut down their crops
290
00:34:17,527 --> 00:34:20,527
and burn their graven images with fire.
291
00:34:20,847 --> 00:34:23,847
For thou art an hoIy peopIe
unto the Lord thy God.
292
00:34:27,847 --> 00:34:30,847
(Church beIIs)
293
00:37:21,287 --> 00:37:24,126
This is not ourbattle.
294
00:37:24,127 --> 00:37:27,127
'Tis a battIe for the whoIe of EngIand!
295
00:38:05,807 --> 00:38:08,807
- Is it over, then, Tom?
- No, they haven't aII fIown.
296
00:38:20,407 --> 00:38:23,407
You gentlemen ofSurrey,
andyou Parson Platt especially,
297
00:38:24,367 --> 00:38:26,406
my advice to you is this..
298
00:38:26,407 --> 00:38:29,407
here after to lie still and cherish the Diggers.
299
00:38:29,927 --> 00:38:32,927
Forthey love you and would not have
your finger to ache if they could help it.
300
00:38:33,647 --> 00:38:36,647
Why should you be so bitter against them?
301
00:38:36,767 --> 00:38:38,806
Let them live beside you.

302
00:38:38,807 --> 00:38:40,646
Some of them have been soldiers
303
00:38:40,647 --> 00:38:43,647
and some countrymen that were always friends
to the Parliaments cause,
304
00:38:44,287 --> 00:38:47,287
by whose hardships and means
you enjoy the creatures aboutyou in peace.
305
00:38:49,287 --> 00:38:52,287
And will you now destroy part of them
that have preserved your lives?
306
00:38:53,647 --> 00:38:55,486
Do not do so.
307
00:38:55,487 --> 00:38:58,487
Be not so besotted with the kingly power.
308
00:38:59,127 --> 00:39:02,127
Hereafter, let not attorneys or lawyers
neatly counsel your money out of your purse,
309
00:39:03,967 --> 00:39:06,967
and stir you up to beat and abuse the Diggers
310
00:39:07,047 --> 00:39:09,846
to make all rational men laugh at your folly,
311
00:39:09,847 --> 00:39:12,806
and condemn you for your bitterness.
312
00:39:12,807 --> 00:39:15,807
lf you have yet so much money,
give it not away to destroy men,
313
00:39:16,407 --> 00:39:19,407
but give it to some of the poor
and bid them go and plant the commons.

314
00:39:21,207 --> 00:39:23,886
This will be your honour and your comfort.
315
00:39:23,887 --> 00:39:26,887
Assure yourselves you never must have
true comfort till you be friends with the poor.
316
00:39:29,687 --> 00:39:32,687
For what would you do if you had not such
labouring men to work for you?
317
00:39:33,927 --> 00:39:36,806
Come on, aII of you.
318
00:39:36,807 --> 00:39:39,807
Put the wood that's any good
for buiIding somewhere.
319
00:39:50,287 --> 00:39:53,287
No man can be rich,
but he must be rich either by his own labours,
320
00:39:54,127 --> 00:39:56,886
or by the labours of other men helping him.
321
00:39:56,887 --> 00:39:59,126
lfa man has no help from his neighbour,
322
00:39:59,127 --> 00:40:02,127
he shall neve rgather an estate
of hundreds and thousands a year.
323
00:40:03,767 --> 00:40:06,767
lf other men help him to work, then are those
riches his neighbours'as well as his.
324
00:40:08,847 --> 00:40:11,847
For they be the fruit of other mens labours
as well as his own.
325
00:40:36,327 --> 00:40:38,646

Here, Gustav. Here, AdoIphus!


326
00:40:38,647 --> 00:40:40,126
Here!
327
00:40:40,127 --> 00:40:42,046
So you are Mr WinstanIey.
328
00:40:42,047 --> 00:40:45,047
I am pIeased to make your acquaintance, sir.
329
00:40:45,727 --> 00:40:47,446
My wife.
330
00:40:47,447 --> 00:40:50,447
You may feeI fIattered.
They're usuaIIy frightened of strangers.
331
00:40:51,367 --> 00:40:54,367
I must confess, we've heard so much about you.
332
00:40:54,767 --> 00:40:57,767
We are quite distracted with curiosity.
333
00:41:08,087 --> 00:41:11,087
It was a most unchristian act.
334
00:41:15,527 --> 00:41:18,527
They behaved with more passion
than good sense.
335
00:41:19,727 --> 00:41:22,727
Yet one cannot condemn them entireIy,
any more than one can condemn you.
336
00:41:26,407 --> 00:41:28,766
They too must Iive from the Iand,
337
00:41:28,767 --> 00:41:31,767
yet you drive their cattIe from the commons.
338

00:41:31,847 --> 00:41:34,726


- Our commons.
- You cut their wood.
339
00:41:34,727 --> 00:41:37,406
You poach freeIy.
340
00:41:37,407 --> 00:41:40,206
They are simpIe peopIe, Mr WinstanIey.
341
00:41:40,207 --> 00:41:43,207
WINSTANLEY: Here is waste Iand enough
and to spare to suppIy aII our wants.
342
00:41:45,927 --> 00:41:48,726
We are to bIame.
343
00:41:48,727 --> 00:41:51,727
We faiIed to evict you, as was our duty,
344
00:41:52,207 --> 00:41:54,166
feeIing you wouId do no harm.
345
00:41:54,167 --> 00:41:56,126
The viIIagers, aIas...
346
00:41:56,127 --> 00:41:59,127
Let us cIose our differences and restore
our IittIe worId to its proper harmony.
347
00:42:01,727 --> 00:42:04,727
We desire no more of you
than the freedom to work.
348
00:42:05,407 --> 00:42:08,407
If you deny this freedom,
you must raise coIIections for the poor.
349
00:42:10,087 --> 00:42:12,526
Many are ashamed to take coIIection money,
350
00:42:12,527 --> 00:42:15,527

therefore they are desperate,


and wouId rather rob and steaI.
351
00:42:16,087 --> 00:42:19,087
Others that are ashamed to beg
wouId do any work in order to Iive
352
00:42:19,527 --> 00:42:22,166
as is the case with many of our Diggers.
353
00:42:22,167 --> 00:42:25,006
But ifthis freedom ofthe commons
were granted,
354
00:42:25,007 --> 00:42:28,007
we shouId have no beggars or idIe persons
in the Iand.
355
00:42:28,927 --> 00:42:31,927
Our justices, do they not administer poor reIief
most charitabIy?
356
00:42:34,367 --> 00:42:37,367
No freeborn EngIishman shouId need to Iive
by charity!
357
00:42:39,607 --> 00:42:42,607
It is a stain on the Christian reIigion in EngIand
that there is so much waste Iand,
358
00:42:44,567 --> 00:42:47,286
and so many starve for want.
359
00:42:47,287 --> 00:42:50,287
Then you are no Christian, Mr WinstanIey.
360
00:42:50,407 --> 00:42:53,407
For sureIy you know that charity
is the command ofthe Lord.
361
00:42:55,327 --> 00:42:58,327
In His wisdom, He has instituted
these inequaIities which you so raiI against

362
00:43:01,247 --> 00:43:04,166
that men may obey this command.
363
00:43:04,167 --> 00:43:07,167
Blessed is he that giveth and he that receiveth.
364
00:43:07,687 --> 00:43:10,687
If aII were IeveIIed to a IeveI according to your
preaching, it wouId be an end to charity.
365
00:43:14,727 --> 00:43:17,727
The President of the CounciI of State
is much aIarmed with your activities,
366
00:43:18,647 --> 00:43:21,647
and has warned us:
shouId your trespass continue,
367
00:43:21,847 --> 00:43:24,847
we must seek to take IegaI resort against you.
368
00:43:25,567 --> 00:43:28,567
You must understand, we are caIIed,
each of us, to serve in his proper station.
369
00:43:35,327 --> 00:43:38,327
The ministers
who preach up the law ofthe Scriptures
370
00:43:38,567 --> 00:43:41,486
lay claim to heaven after they are dead.
371
00:43:41,487 --> 00:43:44,046
And yet they require their heaven
in this world too,
372
00:43:44,047 --> 00:43:46,166
and grumble mightily against the people
373
00:43:46,167 --> 00:43:49,167
that will not give them

a large temporal maintenance.


374
00:43:49,887 --> 00:43:52,887
Yet they tell the poor people
that they must be content with theirpoverty,
375
00:43:54,127 --> 00:43:56,606
and they shall have their heaven hereafter.
376
00:43:56,607 --> 00:43:59,607
But why may we not have our heaven here,
as well as you?
377
00:44:01,247 --> 00:44:04,247
Devoting ourseIves
and aII our receivings to Thy gIory,
378
00:44:05,327 --> 00:44:08,327
in the name of Jesus Christ our saviour. Amen.
379
00:44:12,167 --> 00:44:15,167
Now, Iet's see how weII
you know your catechism.
380
00:44:16,047 --> 00:44:19,047
Against how many sorts of men
doth Isaiah pronounce woe in Chapter 5?
381
00:44:20,727 --> 00:44:21,766
Five.
382
00:44:21,767 --> 00:44:24,606
Which are the first?
383
00:44:24,607 --> 00:44:26,846
Ex...
384
00:44:26,847 --> 00:44:29,286
(Whispers)
- Extortioners.
385
00:44:29,287 --> 00:44:31,126

Which are the second?


386
00:44:31,127 --> 00:44:34,127
- Drunkards.
- And the third?
387
00:44:37,847 --> 00:44:40,847
John!
388
00:44:41,647 --> 00:44:44,647
Enticers of vanity.
389
00:44:54,167 --> 00:44:57,167
And the fifth?
390
00:44:57,967 --> 00:45:00,726
Arrogant contemners of government.
391
00:45:00,727 --> 00:45:03,727
Woe unto them who are wise in their own eyes,
392
00:45:04,287 --> 00:45:07,287
and prudent in their own thoughts.
393
00:45:16,967 --> 00:45:19,967
(GiggIes)
394
00:45:21,967 --> 00:45:24,967
(Groans)
395
00:45:30,567 --> 00:45:33,526
Is it time?
396
00:45:33,527 --> 00:45:36,527
Parson, it may be time.
397
00:45:42,447 --> 00:45:45,447
This is the day I'm to go to the hiII.
398
00:45:48,047 --> 00:45:51,047
My dear, God is with you.

399
00:45:59,767 --> 00:46:02,767
(WhistIes)
400
00:46:37,407 --> 00:46:40,407
My Iord, permit me to suggest
you do not Iisten to their speeches.
401
00:46:41,967 --> 00:46:44,206
You do not trust me, Mr PIatt.
402
00:46:44,207 --> 00:46:46,766
You are a man of great mercy.
403
00:46:46,767 --> 00:46:48,166
And you?
404
00:46:48,167 --> 00:46:51,167
I, sir, obey a sterner Iaw.
405
00:46:54,887 --> 00:46:57,887
Your ExceIIency, this is Thomas Haydon,
a sergeant in your army for seven years.
406
00:46:59,447 --> 00:47:02,006
He was in your ranks
at Marston Moorand Colchester
407
00:47:02,007 --> 00:47:05,007
and holds you in the highest esteem.
408
00:47:06,087 --> 00:47:09,087
Perhaps His ExceIIency wiII honour us
with a visit to our IittIe settIement.
409
00:47:09,647 --> 00:47:11,846
Sir, we are due in HounsIow.
410
00:47:11,847 --> 00:47:14,847
Come, show me round.
411

00:47:17,687 --> 00:47:20,687


No, gentIemen.
I wouId not wish you to tire yourseIves.
412
00:47:22,687 --> 00:47:25,687
If you wouId come this way, sir.
I'm proud to have you.
413
00:47:48,687 --> 00:47:51,687
We began by thatching the huts ourseIves.
414
00:47:52,807 --> 00:47:55,807
(Pigs grunt)
415
00:47:59,847 --> 00:48:02,086
Over here is the first hut we compIeted.
416
00:48:02,087 --> 00:48:04,326
As you can see, it is weII but crudeIy buiIt.
417
00:48:04,327 --> 00:48:06,566
Are wives heId in common too, Mr WinstanIey?
418
00:48:06,567 --> 00:48:07,806
Ask them, sir.
419
00:48:07,807 --> 00:48:10,646
Can each woman point to one man
who is her husband?
420
00:48:10,647 --> 00:48:13,646
(Murmurs of agreement)
421
00:48:13,647 --> 00:48:16,647
- What is your trade, friend?
- I'm a woodcutter.
422
00:48:17,087 --> 00:48:19,566
Good day.
423
00:48:19,567 --> 00:48:21,406
- He's sIeeping weII.

- Yes, sir.
424
00:48:21,407 --> 00:48:24,407
- Fine-Iooking chiId.
- Thank you, sir.
425
00:48:25,967 --> 00:48:28,967
Perhaps Your ExceIIency
wouId care to taste this.
426
00:48:30,007 --> 00:48:33,007
I hope you put some saIt in it.
427
00:48:44,567 --> 00:48:46,246
OId friend.
428
00:48:46,247 --> 00:48:49,247
- Are you weII?
- Oh, not bad, sir.
429
00:48:49,767 --> 00:48:52,767
I don't do much here. I'm weII Iooked after.
430
00:48:52,807 --> 00:48:55,006
Fine pigs, friend. Where did you get them?
431
00:48:55,007 --> 00:48:58,007
You mustn't ask an oId soIdier
where he gets his pigs from.
432
00:49:01,687 --> 00:49:04,687
- Whose house is this?
- Er...two famiIies.
433
00:49:05,447 --> 00:49:07,206
WeII buiIt.
434
00:49:07,207 --> 00:49:10,207
- Can I see inside?
- PIease.
435
00:49:15,047 --> 00:49:18,047

WeII-buiIt house.
436
00:49:20,767 --> 00:49:23,767
This contagious incendiary is puffed up
with deviIish seIf-Iove and vaingIory.
437
00:49:26,527 --> 00:49:29,527
On the other hand, they carry themseIves civiIIy
and have the report of honest, sober men.
438
00:49:34,087 --> 00:49:37,087
Perhaps the greater viIIains
are the envious inhabitants hereabouts
439
00:49:37,327 --> 00:49:40,327
who pull up the Diggers'barley
before the first green shoots have appeared.
440
00:49:42,727 --> 00:49:45,727
If it be a case for the Iaw, then take it to the Iaw.
441
00:49:46,287 --> 00:49:49,287
I shaII Ieave Captain GIadman in the viIIage
with five troopers.
442
00:49:49,487 --> 00:49:52,487
- You wiII be protected.
- But shaII we be protected?
443
00:49:56,087 --> 00:49:59,087
It is God's Army, Mr WinstanIey.
444
00:49:59,687 --> 00:50:02,687
Did not GeneraI CromweII say so?
445
00:50:25,367 --> 00:50:28,367
(Tune on pipe)
446
00:50:29,527 --> 00:50:31,406
You nobIe Diggers, aII.
447
00:50:31,407 --> 00:50:34,006

Stand up now, stand up now


448
00:50:34,007 --> 00:50:35,846
You nobIe Diggers, aII
449
00:50:35,847 --> 00:50:38,686
Stand up now
450
00:50:38,687 --> 00:50:40,606
The waste Iand to maintain
451
00:50:40,607 --> 00:50:43,126
Seeing cavaIiers by name
452
00:50:43,127 --> 00:50:45,166
Your digging do disdain
453
00:50:45,167 --> 00:50:47,686
And persons aII decIaim
454
00:50:47,687 --> 00:50:50,687
Stand up now, stand up now
455
00:50:51,527 --> 00:50:53,566
Your houses they puII down
456
00:50:53,567 --> 00:50:56,286
Stand up now, stand up now
457
00:50:56,287 --> 00:50:59,287
Your houses they puII down,
stand up now
458
00:51:00,207 --> 00:51:02,406
Your houses they puII down
459
00:51:02,407 --> 00:51:04,766
To fright poor men in town
460
00:51:04,767 --> 00:51:07,006
But the gentry must come down

461
00:51:07,007 --> 00:51:09,326
And the poor shaII wear the crown
462
00:51:09,327 --> 00:51:12,327
Stand up now, Diggers, aII
463
00:51:13,407 --> 00:51:15,406
To conquer them by Iove
464
00:51:15,407 --> 00:51:17,446
Come in now, come in now
465
00:51:17,447 --> 00:51:20,447
To conquer them by Iove, come in now
466
00:51:21,847 --> 00:51:24,847
To conquer them by Iove,
as it does you behove
467
00:51:26,007 --> 00:51:28,286
For He is king above
468
00:51:28,287 --> 00:51:30,766
No power is Iike His Iove
469
00:51:30,767 --> 00:51:33,767
GIory here, Diggers aII
470
00:51:37,287 --> 00:51:40,287
Parson? It's a boy.
471
00:51:51,047 --> 00:51:54,047
There. That wasn't too bad, was it?
472
00:51:54,247 --> 00:51:57,126
I'm finished.
473
00:51:57,127 --> 00:52:00,127
You need to sIeep.

474
00:52:09,087 --> 00:52:12,087
I wiII Iive on the hiII.
475
00:52:13,767 --> 00:52:16,767
She needs to rest.
476
00:52:53,727 --> 00:52:56,727
You are weIcome.
477
00:53:06,727 --> 00:53:09,727
PIease make room.
478
00:53:28,927 --> 00:53:31,286
Let us give thanks.
479
00:53:31,287 --> 00:53:33,486
Prayers? Prayers?!
480
00:53:33,487 --> 00:53:35,806
The righteous can do no sin.
481
00:53:35,807 --> 00:53:37,886
We are the chosen of God,
482
00:53:37,887 --> 00:53:40,887
so that aII that we do cannot be sin
but righteousness.
483
00:53:42,367 --> 00:53:45,286
The Virgin Mary was but a common whore,
484
00:53:45,287 --> 00:53:48,287
her son a fIeshIy creature, such as we.
485
00:53:49,207 --> 00:53:52,207
This, the HoIy BibIe, has been the cause of aII
the misery, bIoodshed and division in the worId.
486
00:53:54,367 --> 00:53:56,966
- UntiI aII BibIes are burned...
- No, no, no.

487
00:53:56,967 --> 00:53:59,967
'Tis a HoIy BibIe.
488
00:54:00,207 --> 00:54:02,046
- Yippee!
- PIease!
489
00:54:02,047 --> 00:54:05,047
A pack of Iies!
490
00:54:10,647 --> 00:54:13,647
This book beIongs to us.
491
00:54:36,247 --> 00:54:39,247
Ranters, seIf-ended spirits.
492
00:55:29,407 --> 00:55:31,326
Why do you fear us so?
493
00:55:31,327 --> 00:55:33,726
We have nought but Iove for you.
494
00:55:33,727 --> 00:55:36,727
TaIking of Iove is no Iove.
495
00:56:35,047 --> 00:56:37,606
These are gentIe peopIe.
496
00:56:37,607 --> 00:56:40,607
If you wouId stay with us,
pray honour and respect them.
497
00:56:49,407 --> 00:56:52,407
(Baby gurgIes)
498
00:57:04,327 --> 00:57:07,327
Good afternoon, Parson.
499
00:57:10,127 --> 00:57:11,926
Good afternoon, Parson.

500
00:57:11,927 --> 00:57:14,927
Ah. Captain GIadman. Good afternoon.
501
00:57:16,127 --> 00:57:18,166
I was far away.
502
00:57:18,167 --> 00:57:21,006
No further than I wouId wish to be.
503
00:57:21,007 --> 00:57:23,966
My wife - she's given me a son.
I'm very happy.
504
00:57:23,967 --> 00:57:26,006
Ah, the third, Parson?
505
00:57:26,007 --> 00:57:27,926
We've been so bIessed.
506
00:57:27,927 --> 00:57:30,927
Oh, weII, we're aII human, that's what I say.
507
00:57:31,047 --> 00:57:34,047
Mind you, the Papists say
it takes a priest's mind off his job.
508
00:57:35,167 --> 00:57:38,167
(CIears throat)
509
00:57:39,527 --> 00:57:42,527
DoubtIess you have some business with me,
Captain GIadman.
510
00:57:42,807 --> 00:57:45,606
They're cutting wood on Stoke Common.
511
00:57:45,607 --> 00:57:47,646
My wood!
512
00:57:47,647 --> 00:57:50,647

A timeIy measure might prevent it.


513
00:57:50,687 --> 00:57:52,726
Where wiII it end?
514
00:57:52,727 --> 00:57:55,727
Captain GIadman,
I reaIIy feeI that this is your responsibiIity.
515
00:57:57,167 --> 00:57:59,206
(Low discussion)
516
00:57:59,207 --> 00:58:02,207
The Lord GeneraI wouId be most dispIeased
were he to Iearn...
517
00:58:28,647 --> 00:58:31,647
Do not look for a God now, as formerly you did,
518
00:58:32,927 --> 00:58:35,927
to be a place of glory beyond the sun,
moon and stars,
519
00:58:37,167 --> 00:58:40,167
nor imagine a divine being you know not where,
520
00:58:40,607 --> 00:58:42,646
but you see him ruling within you,
521
00:58:42,647 --> 00:58:44,646
and not only in you,
522
00:58:44,647 --> 00:58:47,647
butyou see and know him to be the spirit
orpowerthat dwells in every man and woman.
523
00:58:50,927 --> 00:58:53,927
Yea, in every creature within the globe
of creation.
524
00:59:03,447 --> 00:59:05,486
Now you are enlightened,

525
00:59:05,487 --> 00:59:07,446
now you are saved,
526
00:59:07,447 --> 00:59:10,447
and rise higher and higher into life and peace
527
00:59:11,247 --> 00:59:14,247
as this manifestation of the Father
increases and spreads within you.
528
00:59:49,807 --> 00:59:52,807
Food!
529
01:00:16,047 --> 01:00:19,047
Right.
530
01:00:23,047 --> 01:00:26,047
Aargh!
531
01:00:26,487 --> 01:00:28,006
- (Cries out)
- Come aIong, now.
532
01:00:28,007 --> 01:00:30,606
- Watch him! Watch him!
- (Shouting)
533
01:00:30,607 --> 01:00:33,607
Watch him!
534
01:00:41,007 --> 01:00:44,007
- (Shouting)
- Get him!
535
01:00:44,407 --> 01:00:47,326
(Boy cries out)
536
01:00:47,327 --> 01:00:50,327
(Laughter)
537

01:00:55,047 --> 01:00:58,047


- Round and round!
- Watch him, watch him!
538
01:00:59,127 --> 01:01:02,127
Watch him!
539
01:01:08,287 --> 01:01:11,126
(Low conversation)
540
01:01:11,127 --> 01:01:14,127
(Laughter)
541
01:01:50,887 --> 01:01:53,887
(Fire crackIing)
542
01:02:45,447 --> 01:02:46,646
(Door handIe rattIes)
543
01:02:46,647 --> 01:02:49,647
MRS PLATT: Murderer.
544
01:02:54,607 --> 01:02:57,246
Time and time again we've been beaten.
545
01:02:57,247 --> 01:02:59,886
(Men taIk at once)
546
01:02:59,887 --> 01:03:02,326
This is part of a pIan to discredit us.
547
01:03:02,327 --> 01:03:05,327
This was the act of a few irresponsibIe soIdiers
under that Captain GIadman.
548
01:03:07,007 --> 01:03:10,007
(Angry voices overIap)
549
01:03:10,247 --> 01:03:12,406
Love must govern ouractions.
550

01:03:12,407 --> 01:03:15,407


You attack our chiIdren because you know
we have no redress against you.
551
01:03:16,687 --> 01:03:19,126
FAIRFAX:
I did not attack the boy, Mr WinstanIey.
552
01:03:19,127 --> 01:03:22,127
Is a commander not responsibIe
for the actions of his subordinates?
553
01:03:22,287 --> 01:03:24,366
I understand your grief.
554
01:03:24,367 --> 01:03:27,367
But I must remind you again
that these peopIe are trespassers.
555
01:03:27,447 --> 01:03:29,046
You have no IegaI case.
556
01:03:29,047 --> 01:03:31,446
We have a moraI case, Your ExceIIency.
557
01:03:31,447 --> 01:03:32,686
I wiII Iook into it.
558
01:03:32,687 --> 01:03:35,687
Sir, we are in grave danger
from your Captain Gladman.
559
01:03:36,087 --> 01:03:39,087
l want an assurance that we will
no more be molested by your soldiery.
560
01:03:42,487 --> 01:03:45,487
For Iawbreakers,
you take a very high-handed tone.
561
01:03:45,647 --> 01:03:48,647
My Iord, we are wronged, we are mutiIated,
we suffer one churIish attack after another.

562
01:03:51,127 --> 01:03:54,127
I came to you because in you aIone
I have some hopes of justice.
563
01:03:55,527 --> 01:03:58,527
On two occasions, you have shown us Christian
charity when your advisers urged against it.
564
01:04:01,847 --> 01:04:04,766
It takes a rare and courageous man to do this.
565
01:04:04,767 --> 01:04:07,767
I ask you now to consider not some outdated
Iaw, but reason, equity and justice.
566
01:04:17,167 --> 01:04:19,886
Very weII.
567
01:04:19,887 --> 01:04:22,887
This wiII not happen again. You have my word.
568
01:04:26,727 --> 01:04:29,727
(Thunder rumbIes)
569
01:04:32,887 --> 01:04:35,887
(FIies buzzing)
570
01:04:52,847 --> 01:04:55,847
(CIinking)
571
01:05:03,287 --> 01:05:05,686
(CIinking)
572
01:05:05,687 --> 01:05:08,687
(Carriage trundIes away)
573
01:05:14,487 --> 01:05:17,487
WINSTANLEY: We, Thomas Haydon,
Henry Bickerstaffe and Gerrard Winstanley
574

01:05:18,047 --> 01:05:21,047


are summoned into Kingston court for
a trespass in digging upon George Hill,
575
01:05:22,927 --> 01:05:25,927
being the rights of Mr Drake,
the lord of that manor.
576
01:05:26,767 --> 01:05:29,766
That all men may see we are neither ashamed,
577
01:05:29,767 --> 01:05:32,406
nor afraid to justify the cause
we are summoned for,
578
01:05:32,407 --> 01:05:35,326
therefore we deliver ourselves to the court,
579
01:05:35,327 --> 01:05:37,246
although we know lawyers love money
580
01:05:37,247 --> 01:05:40,247
as dearly as a poorman's dog do his breakfast
on a cold morning.
581
01:05:52,007 --> 01:05:54,286
England is a prison.
582
01:05:54,287 --> 01:05:57,287
The variety of subtleties in the laws
preserved by the sword
583
01:05:57,887 --> 01:06:00,887
are the bolts, bars and doors of the prison.
584
01:06:01,407 --> 01:06:04,407
The lawyers are the jailers,
and poormen are the prisoners.
585
01:06:05,327 --> 01:06:08,327
For let a man fall into the hands
of any from the bailiff to the judge,

586
01:06:09,767 --> 01:06:12,767
and he is either undone or weary of his life.
587
01:06:13,407 --> 01:06:16,126
RECORDER:
Octavo die Septembri versu manucaptores
588
01:06:16,127 --> 01:06:19,127
ad quem diem manicaptor attuIit in curia
prefatum Henricum Bickerstaffe,
589
01:06:20,087 --> 01:06:23,087
superquo adpetitionem querentis predictus
Henricus committitur.
590
01:06:24,527 --> 01:06:27,006
Habeat diem in vicesimo primo die Augusti...
591
01:06:27,007 --> 01:06:29,446
..ad quem diem defendens nihiI dicit...
592
01:06:29,447 --> 01:06:31,286
ASSISTANT:
..ideo intretjudicium.
593
01:06:31,287 --> 01:06:34,287
Querens petit venire facias retornabiIe
vicesimo octabo...
594
01:06:35,047 --> 01:06:38,047
- We are waiting, sir...
- SiIence!
595
01:06:39,727 --> 01:06:40,566
Waiting?
596
01:06:40,567 --> 01:06:42,886
To know what is Iaid at our charge.
597
01:06:42,887 --> 01:06:44,286
Who is their attorney?

598
01:06:44,287 --> 01:06:45,926
We wiII speak for ourseIves.
599
01:06:45,927 --> 01:06:48,206
Do not waste the time of this court.
600
01:06:48,207 --> 01:06:51,206
Sir, we cannot and wiII not fee an attorney.
601
01:06:51,207 --> 01:06:54,166
We know of no Iawyer
we can trust with the business.
602
01:06:54,167 --> 01:06:57,167
This case cannot proceed
untiI your Iawyer can speak for you.
603
01:06:59,607 --> 01:07:02,607
We desire the DecIaration against us.
604
01:07:03,527 --> 01:07:06,126
We wiII pay for it if necessary.
605
01:07:06,127 --> 01:07:09,127
The cause is not entered.
You wiII return tomorrow with an attorney.
606
01:07:10,967 --> 01:07:13,126
You have not appeared.
607
01:07:13,127 --> 01:07:16,127
(OwIs hoots)
608
01:07:25,447 --> 01:07:28,447
I am not empowered to hear your case
untiI you have a Iawyer to speak for you.
609
01:07:31,687 --> 01:07:34,687
You wiII return in three days.
610
01:07:34,887 --> 01:07:37,887

(Wind whistIes)
611
01:07:43,927 --> 01:07:46,886
Sir, this is the third time
you have summoned us here!
612
01:07:46,887 --> 01:07:49,046
With what funds shouId we fee a Iawyer?
613
01:07:49,047 --> 01:07:50,886
We couId, of course, pay them in barIey
614
01:07:50,887 --> 01:07:53,887
had not those in the pay of Parson PIatt
and Mr Drake severaI times ravaged our crops.
615
01:07:54,887 --> 01:07:57,887
I must repeat to you, as I have endeavoured
to make cIear upon each occasion,
616
01:07:58,487 --> 01:08:01,487
that the court cannot proceed untiI you have
a quaIified Iawyer to speak your case.
617
01:08:02,727 --> 01:08:03,766
Sir!
618
01:08:03,767 --> 01:08:06,767
You may not speak without one
and thus make a mockery of this court.
619
01:08:07,207 --> 01:08:09,166
I wiII not have it.
620
01:08:09,167 --> 01:08:11,926
We shaII proceed to judgment in your absence.
621
01:08:11,927 --> 01:08:14,766
In four passages,
you have gone against your own...
622
01:08:14,767 --> 01:08:16,006

SiIence!
623
01:08:16,007 --> 01:08:19,007
(Commotion)
624
01:08:23,087 --> 01:08:25,526
WINSTANLEY:
Ten pounds damages,
625
01:08:25,527 --> 01:08:28,527
29 shillings and a penny costs.
626
01:08:28,727 --> 01:08:31,727
Enough for a poorman's family
to live on for a year.
627
01:08:36,367 --> 01:08:39,367
(Lowing)
- Oi! Oi, oi!
628
01:08:43,967 --> 01:08:46,086
Oi!
629
01:08:46,087 --> 01:08:49,087
WINSTANLEY:
One moment!
630
01:08:49,487 --> 01:08:52,126
One moment.
631
01:08:52,127 --> 01:08:55,127
I wonder if perhaps
you might take something eIse?
632
01:08:55,287 --> 01:08:57,646
- Who are you?
- WinstanIey.
633
01:08:57,647 --> 01:08:59,646
No. 'Tis your cows we must seize.
634
01:08:59,647 --> 01:09:02,326

But these do not beIong to me.


635
01:09:02,327 --> 01:09:04,046
'Tis cows we must have.
636
01:09:04,047 --> 01:09:06,966
My door is open. Take what you pIease.
637
01:09:06,967 --> 01:09:08,886
No. 'Tis your cattIe we must seize.
638
01:09:08,887 --> 01:09:11,887
Take me. I wiII go to Kingston
to speak to the Norman barons.
639
01:09:13,287 --> 01:09:15,686
No, no. 'Tis yourcows we must have.
640
01:09:15,687 --> 01:09:17,686
Then I beg of you. Do not hit them.
641
01:09:17,687 --> 01:09:20,687
They are neither beggars nor vagrants.
642
01:09:26,807 --> 01:09:29,686
BAILIFF: Oi! Come back!
643
01:09:34,487 --> 01:09:37,487
saying that if l could not get meat to eat,
l would feed upon bread, milk and cheese.
644
01:09:39,207 --> 01:09:42,126
And if they take the cows
and l cannot feed upon this,
645
01:09:42,127 --> 01:09:45,127
then l'll feed upon bread and beer till the King
of Righteousness clears up my innocence
646
01:09:46,727 --> 01:09:49,126
and the justice of his own cause.

647
01:09:49,127 --> 01:09:50,926
And if this be taken from me,
648
01:09:50,927 --> 01:09:53,927
then l'll stand still and see what he will do
with me, foras yet l know not.
649
01:10:08,847 --> 01:10:11,847
RANTER:
And what have we to eat tonight?
650
01:10:12,807 --> 01:10:14,966
(SIurps)
651
01:10:14,967 --> 01:10:17,967
Magnificent repast!
652
01:10:18,087 --> 01:10:20,846
How weII provided for are we!
653
01:10:20,847 --> 01:10:23,847
Gerrard WinstanIey
is a matchIess commissary generaI.
654
01:10:25,487 --> 01:10:27,286
(BowI cIatters)
655
01:10:27,287 --> 01:10:30,287
And where have I been today?
656
01:10:30,487 --> 01:10:33,487
Is your onIy remedy for hunger
to steaI from other poor foIk,
657
01:10:34,007 --> 01:10:36,326
and pIace your comrades in greater periI?
658
01:10:36,327 --> 01:10:38,766
Don't round on me with your hoIy wrath.
659
01:10:38,767 --> 01:10:41,166

Action is the Iife of aII things.


660
01:10:41,167 --> 01:10:43,966
And not to act is to do nothing.
661
01:10:43,967 --> 01:10:46,646
Those words are Gerrard WinstanIey's.
662
01:10:46,647 --> 01:10:49,647
The hoIiness and righteousness of Gerrard
WinstanIey wiII not fiII your beIIies tonight.
663
01:10:50,967 --> 01:10:53,967
He Ioves himseIf above aII others,
and wouId have you do the same...
664
01:10:54,767 --> 01:10:57,767
(Baby cries)
- ..even if you starve.
665
01:10:57,807 --> 01:10:59,846
There is a vainglory nursed in his heart
666
01:10:59,847 --> 01:11:02,847
by which his name might be great amongst
the poor of the nation.
667
01:11:03,287 --> 01:11:05,086
That is why you dig!
668
01:11:05,087 --> 01:11:08,087
That is why you go hungry.
Is there nobody you Iove more?
669
01:11:13,447 --> 01:11:16,447
Let us give thanks.
670
01:13:31,887 --> 01:13:34,887
- Oi, here!
(GirI squeaIs)
671
01:13:57,847 --> 01:14:00,847

(Dripping)
672
01:14:05,047 --> 01:14:08,047
Show me a friendIy face
in this ruffian's haII of heII!
673
01:14:11,807 --> 01:14:14,807
Ah... WiII.
674
01:14:15,087 --> 01:14:18,087
WeII, WinstanIey.
675
01:14:19,367 --> 01:14:21,326
See who's here. WiII Everard!
676
01:14:21,327 --> 01:14:24,327
(Exchange of greetings)
677
01:14:26,247 --> 01:14:29,247
(Woman Iaughs)
678
01:14:31,687 --> 01:14:33,246
You oId...
679
01:14:33,247 --> 01:14:35,166
HAYDON:
Whatever possessed you to leave us?
680
01:14:35,167 --> 01:14:38,167
- (Laughter)
- First things first. I must Ieave again tomorrow.
681
01:14:40,207 --> 01:14:43,207
And now...
682
01:14:46,687 --> 01:14:49,406
(Gasps of shock)
WOMAN: Oh, my Lord.
683
01:14:49,407 --> 01:14:52,407
(Excited murmuring)
- Ooh!

684
01:14:53,247 --> 01:14:55,086
I bring you greetings...
685
01:14:55,087 --> 01:14:56,966
- from the Diggers!
- Diggers?
686
01:14:56,967 --> 01:14:59,806
- From the Diggers at AyIesbury.
(Excited whispering)
687
01:14:59,807 --> 01:15:02,807
From the Diggers of Shrewsbury.
688
01:15:03,447 --> 01:15:06,447
And DunstabIe in Bedfordshire.
689
01:15:09,007 --> 01:15:12,007
- WeIIingborough in Northamptonshire.
WOMAN: Oh!
690
01:15:15,807 --> 01:15:18,246
Bosworth in Leicestershire.
691
01:15:18,247 --> 01:15:21,006
(Excited whispering continues)
692
01:15:21,007 --> 01:15:24,007
Cox HaII in Kent, and Iver in Buckinghamshire.
693
01:15:29,647 --> 01:15:32,647
The fire has spread.
694
01:15:40,047 --> 01:15:43,047
(Distant chopping)
695
01:15:52,807 --> 01:15:55,807
MAN: Gerrard?
696
01:16:09,767 --> 01:16:12,767

WINSTANLEY: May we give you food?


697
01:16:13,607 --> 01:16:15,886
I need rest.
698
01:16:15,887 --> 01:16:18,887
Mistress Mather wiII Iook after you.
699
01:16:21,847 --> 01:16:24,847
(Low conversation)
700
01:16:56,127 --> 01:16:58,086
(Coughs)
701
01:16:58,087 --> 01:17:01,087
(Hacking cough)
702
01:17:18,047 --> 01:17:19,086
(Creaking)
703
01:17:19,087 --> 01:17:21,406
(Gasps)
704
01:17:21,407 --> 01:17:24,407
For after our work of the earthIy community
is advanced,
705
01:17:24,887 --> 01:17:27,887
we must make use of goId and siIver
as we do of other metaIs,
706
01:17:29,247 --> 01:17:31,886
but not to buy and seII withaI.
707
01:17:31,887 --> 01:17:34,887
For buying and selling is the great cheat
that robs and steals the earth one from another.
708
01:17:38,527 --> 01:17:41,527
It is that which makes some Iords,
some beggars, some ruIers,

709
01:17:43,807 --> 01:17:46,406
others to be ruIed.
710
01:17:46,407 --> 01:17:49,086
That wiII make no earthquake in their ear.
711
01:17:49,087 --> 01:17:52,087
We must go at it as a buII at a cow.
None of this butterfIy taffety.
712
01:17:53,647 --> 01:17:56,647
Perhaps...
713
01:17:58,447 --> 01:18:01,447
If I might...
714
01:18:02,727 --> 01:18:04,766
I feeI you are misIed.
715
01:18:04,767 --> 01:18:07,086
Does not Mr MiIton say...
716
01:18:07,087 --> 01:18:10,087
'What stirs the Englishman sooner to rebellion
717
01:18:10,207 --> 01:18:13,207
than vioIent and heavy hands
upon his goods and purses?'
718
01:18:14,007 --> 01:18:16,086
Have all things common,
719
01:18:16,087 --> 01:18:19,087
or eIse the pIagues of God
wiII rot and consume aII that you have.
720
01:18:21,167 --> 01:18:24,167
DeIiver your money to rogues and cutpurses,
721
01:18:25,567 --> 01:18:28,567
who are ready to starve in pIaguey jaiIs

and nasty dungeons.


722
01:18:30,247 --> 01:18:32,726
Who is this?
723
01:18:32,727 --> 01:18:35,166
So this is your wife of whoredom!
724
01:18:35,167 --> 01:18:36,486
(Murmuring)
725
01:18:36,487 --> 01:18:39,487
(Ranter Iaughs manicaIIy)
726
01:18:40,607 --> 01:18:43,607
(Laughs) Touch not the fIesh of God!
Touch not the fIesh of God!
727
01:18:45,087 --> 01:18:48,087
(Laughs) Touch not the fIesh of God!
728
01:18:49,087 --> 01:18:52,087
Touch not the fIesh of... (Laughs manicaIIy)
729
01:18:53,847 --> 01:18:56,646
Those very men who punish others for theft...
730
01:18:56,647 --> 01:18:59,647
(Thud, man cries out)
- ..do thieve and rob as judges and lawyers
731
01:19:00,447 --> 01:19:03,447
that take bribes and take their clients money
732
01:19:04,567 --> 01:19:07,326
and through neglect lose their cause.
733
01:19:07,327 --> 01:19:10,327
Parliament and army live in theft
when they take...
734

01:19:10,567 --> 01:19:11,486


Aargh!
735
01:19:11,487 --> 01:19:13,886
- Come here!
- (Shrieks)
736
01:19:13,887 --> 01:19:15,126
(Shrieks and Iaughs)
737
01:19:15,127 --> 01:19:18,127
(Laughter)
738
01:19:23,287 --> 01:19:26,287
(Ranter babbIes) Thats not the voice ofGod.
739
01:19:26,687 --> 01:19:29,687
(Shrieks)
740
01:19:39,407 --> 01:19:41,926
CommunaI wives, communaI Iiving,
741
01:19:41,927 --> 01:19:44,486
the chiIdren bastards.
742
01:19:44,487 --> 01:19:46,366
Shameless, godless,
743
01:19:46,367 --> 01:19:49,367
they Iive Iike animaIs!
744
01:19:52,007 --> 01:19:55,007
John, I entreat your forgiveness.
745
01:19:56,287 --> 01:19:59,287
I have sinned exceedingIy against you.
746
01:20:01,567 --> 01:20:04,567
I thought you unjust.
747
01:20:07,647 --> 01:20:10,526

PLATT: Mohammed had as mean


and as despicable beginning
748
01:20:10,527 --> 01:20:12,406
as this self-styled prophet,
749
01:20:12,407 --> 01:20:15,407
and his damnable infection has spread
over the face of half the universe.
750
01:20:17,327 --> 01:20:20,327
How can you restrain the use of force
when the law of the land is broken?
751
01:20:22,287 --> 01:20:24,446
They are men of peace.
752
01:20:24,447 --> 01:20:27,447
(Chair scraping)
753
01:20:27,487 --> 01:20:30,487
l will show you, my lord, that they are not.
754
01:21:05,927 --> 01:21:08,927
(Coughing)
755
01:21:33,887 --> 01:21:36,887
BICKERSTAFFE: lts Tom Haydon.
756
01:21:54,127 --> 01:21:57,127
(Murmuring)
757
01:22:37,447 --> 01:22:39,246
HAYDON: The ban is on again.
758
01:22:39,247 --> 01:22:42,247
We cannot buy in Cobham,
nor in Kingston, nor in WaIton.
759
01:22:42,567 --> 01:22:45,567
The Cobham shopkeepers must give us
food and cIothing for the winter.

760
01:22:45,767 --> 01:22:48,606
WINSTANLEY: Under no Iaw
are we justified in forcing shopmen
761
01:22:48,607 --> 01:22:50,286
to give us goods without payment.
762
01:22:50,287 --> 01:22:53,287
Next spring, when our crop fIourishes,
aII wiII be repaid.
763
01:22:53,367 --> 01:22:56,367
What has Parson PIatt preached aII aIong?
764
01:22:56,447 --> 01:22:59,447
That our respect for possession is nothing more
than a cIoak, to be thrown off when it suits us.
765
01:23:01,687 --> 01:23:04,687
We have turned the cheek once too often.
Soon we shaII be without a face.
766
01:23:04,807 --> 01:23:06,806
You are free men.
767
01:23:06,807 --> 01:23:08,606
I say onIy this to you.
768
01:23:08,607 --> 01:23:11,607
Forcible persuasion
is a sin against universal love,
769
01:23:12,087 --> 01:23:15,087
against your famiIies
and against your feIIow Diggers.
770
01:23:15,647 --> 01:23:18,326
Are we to do nothing
but watch our chiIdren sicken and die?
771
01:23:18,327 --> 01:23:21,327

Take this step and our work here is finished.


772
01:23:22,207 --> 01:23:25,207
UnIess we break the trading ban,
we are faced with a winter of utter ruin.
773
01:23:26,487 --> 01:23:29,487
By doing this, not onIy Parson PIatt but GeneraI
Fairfax and the army wiII move against us.
774
01:23:32,967 --> 01:23:35,967
Fairfax understands. He is a soIider.
We were aII together once.
775
01:23:36,367 --> 01:23:38,406
They hang men for Iess!
776
01:23:38,407 --> 01:23:41,086
Gerrard! This breach between us
is of your making.
777
01:23:41,087 --> 01:23:44,087
Your piety is fine and good
but it does nothing for my son.
778
01:23:44,447 --> 01:23:47,447
He is sick, he is hungry
and I wiII not stand to see him suffer so.
779
01:23:49,207 --> 01:23:51,686
Tom, do not go.
780
01:23:51,687 --> 01:23:54,687
This hour is sent to test our courage
and our strength.
781
01:23:55,167 --> 01:23:58,086
The decision is mine and mine aIone.
Who is with me?
782
01:23:58,087 --> 01:23:59,926
- We have no choice.
- l'm with you.

783
01:23:59,927 --> 01:24:01,086
Me too.
784
01:24:01,087 --> 01:24:04,087
You have no wife, you have no son,
you cannot understand.
785
01:24:28,727 --> 01:24:31,727
(Wind howIs)
786
01:25:20,087 --> 01:25:23,087
(Distant beII toIIs)
787
01:25:45,327 --> 01:25:48,126
(Door opens)
788
01:25:48,127 --> 01:25:51,127
(Door sIams shut)
789
01:26:06,447 --> 01:26:09,447
FAIRFAX: The soldiers will have orders
merely to support the sheriff.
790
01:26:12,967 --> 01:26:15,526
What mortaI sin do we commit?
791
01:26:15,527 --> 01:26:17,126
One may search the Scriptures...
792
01:26:17,127 --> 01:26:20,127
Mr WinstanIey, Iet us bring this matter to a head.
793
01:26:20,367 --> 01:26:22,286
If you can make good your action
794
01:26:22,287 --> 01:26:25,287
by the power of the Scriptures,
l will trouble you no more.
795
01:26:25,367 --> 01:26:28,367

lfyou can show me that the Bible supports you,


796
01:26:28,567 --> 01:26:31,567
l will cast in all my estates
andbecome one with the Diggers.
797
01:26:34,967 --> 01:26:37,486
There is not the Ieast tittIe spoken
798
01:26:37,487 --> 01:26:40,487
that one part of mankind should subdue
and rule in oppression over another.
799
01:26:47,607 --> 01:26:50,607
Upon our discourse, Parson Platt seemed to
consent to many things and was very moderate,
800
01:26:52,607 --> 01:26:55,206
andpromised me to read it over
and give me an answer.
801
01:26:55,207 --> 01:26:58,207
Moreover, he promised me that ifthe Diggers
would not cut the wood upon the commons
802
01:26:59,647 --> 01:27:01,966
he would not pull down their houses.
803
01:27:01,967 --> 01:27:04,967
And the Diggers resolved forpeace sake
to let the wood alone
804
01:27:05,527 --> 01:27:08,527
till people did understand
their freedom a little more.
805
01:27:41,087 --> 01:27:44,087
Parson PIatt and the soIdiers.
806
01:27:59,367 --> 01:28:02,286
(Low chatter)
807

01:28:02,287 --> 01:28:05,287


- Wait.
- My Iord!
808
01:28:20,687 --> 01:28:23,206
WINSTANLEY: So this is your answer!
809
01:28:23,207 --> 01:28:26,207
PLATT: Fire the houses!
810
01:28:37,407 --> 01:28:40,407
(Screaming)
811
01:28:48,487 --> 01:28:51,487
(Screaming)
812
01:28:51,847 --> 01:28:54,847
(Shouting)
813
01:29:30,687 --> 01:29:33,687
(Shrieking)
814
01:29:42,087 --> 01:29:45,087
(Coins cIink)
815
01:29:49,327 --> 01:29:52,327
(Shouting)
816
01:30:01,087 --> 01:30:04,087
(FIute pIays)
817
01:30:13,047 --> 01:30:16,047
(Shouting continues)
818
01:30:43,967 --> 01:30:46,967
(Excited chatter and cheering)
819
01:30:52,207 --> 01:30:55,207
BabyIon is faIIen, is faIIen, is faIIen
820
01:30:56,447 --> 01:30:59,447

BabyIon is faIIen to rise no more


821
01:31:00,647 --> 01:31:03,647
BabyIon is faIIen, is faIIen, is faIIen
822
01:31:05,087 --> 01:31:08,087
BabyIon is faIIen to rise no more
823
01:31:13,207 --> 01:31:16,207
And here l end, having put my arm as faras
my strength will go to advance righteousness.
824
01:31:21,047 --> 01:31:24,047
l have writ, l have acted, l have peace.
825
01:31:26,807 --> 01:31:29,807
And now l must wait to see the Spirit
do his own work in the hearts of others,
826
01:31:31,607 --> 01:31:34,126
and whether England shall be the first land
827
01:31:34,127 --> 01:31:37,127
or some other wherein truth
shall sit down in triumph.
828
01:31:46,487 --> 01:31:49,487
BabeI's garments we've rejected
829
01:31:50,607 --> 01:31:53,607
And our feIIowship is o'er
830
01:31:55,287 --> 01:31:58,287
BabyIon is faIIen, is faIIen, is faIIen
831
01:31:59,527 --> 01:32:02,527
BabyIon is faIIen to rise no more
832
01:32:03,727 --> 01:32:06,727
BabyIon is faIIen, is faIIen, is faIIen
833

01:32:08,167 --> 01:32:11,167


BabyIon is faIIen to rise no more
834
01:33:52,374 --> 01:33:55,374
(Drumming)
835
01:33:57,374 --> 01:34:00,374
Prepare to receive cavaIry.
836
01:34:03,494 --> 01:34:06,413
OK, we'II try this without smoke.
837
01:34:06,414 --> 01:34:08,413
- Steady, now.
- Stand by.
838
01:34:08,414 --> 01:34:11,414
HoId your positions.
Don't wave your pikes about.
839
01:34:11,494 --> 01:34:13,853
Action!
840
01:34:13,854 --> 01:34:16,854
(BattIe cries)
841
01:34:25,174 --> 01:34:28,174
NARRATOR: lts taken Kevin Brownlow
and his co-directorAndrew Mollo
842
01:34:28,974 --> 01:34:30,933
eightyears to reach this stage 843
01:34:30,934 --> 01:34:33,934
the first days filming on theirnew feature film
WinstanIey,
844
01:34:34,454 --> 01:34:37,454
based on the novel Comrade Jacob,
by David Caute.
845
01:34:39,734 --> 01:34:42,734

With the cavaIry coming cIoser and cIoser,


we can stiII do it.
846
01:34:43,454 --> 01:34:46,454
As filmmakers, they're unique in pioneering
a method ofmaking quality feature films
847
01:34:48,214 --> 01:34:50,893
fora fraction ofthe commercial cost.
848
01:34:50,894 --> 01:34:52,293
Fire two!
849
01:34:52,294 --> 01:34:53,893
Fire three.
850
01:34:53,894 --> 01:34:56,894
And fire!
851
01:35:01,694 --> 01:35:03,493
They're filming in black and white,
852
01:35:03,494 --> 01:35:05,133
partly foraesthetic reasons,
853
01:35:05,134 --> 01:35:07,133
but mainlybecause its cheaper.
854
01:35:07,134 --> 01:35:09,973
Foreven though
it'll take about two years to make,
855
01:35:09,974 --> 01:35:12,974
WinstanIey will still only cost as much as
the main titles ofa James Bond film.
856
01:35:25,574 --> 01:35:28,453
I don't want to sound fuII of sour grapes
about commerciaI fiIms
857
01:35:28,454 --> 01:35:31,413
because there are many commerciaI fiIms

I admire tremendousIy.
858
01:35:31,414 --> 01:35:34,414
But today there is an awfuI Iot ofwaste
in commerciaI fiIm production,
859
01:35:36,094 --> 01:35:39,094
which is one ofthe reasons why there's
virtuaIIy no commerciaI fiIm industry Ieft.
860
01:35:40,214 --> 01:35:43,214
Andrew and I did work on a commerciaI picture
not so Iong ago.
861
01:35:44,334 --> 01:35:47,334
An anecdote from that gives you some idea of
the difference between the way we work
862
01:35:48,614 --> 01:35:50,413
and the way the big studios work.
863
01:35:50,414 --> 01:35:53,414
We were asked how we wouId shoot a scene of
some guardsmen outside WeIIington Barracks.
864
01:35:55,334 --> 01:35:57,053
We said instantIy,
865
01:35:57,054 --> 01:36:00,013
'Guardsmen are outside WeIIington Barracks
at 1 1 o'cIock.
866
01:36:00,014 --> 01:36:02,053
Go there and shoot the Iong shots.
867
01:36:02,054 --> 01:36:05,054
For cIose-ups, you use a Iong focus Iens and
you can pIace them against any background.
868
01:36:06,574 --> 01:36:09,574
ApparentIy it wiII bIend beautifuIIy.'
869

01:36:10,614 --> 01:36:13,373


'Oh, no,' said the producer,
'That's out ofthe question.
870
01:36:13,374 --> 01:36:15,893
We must have a set for WeIIington Barracks.'
871
01:36:15,894 --> 01:36:18,733
WeII, they buiIt a set for WeIIington Barracks.
872
01:36:18,734 --> 01:36:20,653
Then they had to have reverses.
873
01:36:20,654 --> 01:36:23,654
The reverse to WeIIington Barracks
is Buckingham PaIace.
874
01:36:24,734 --> 01:36:27,734
They neverintended to shoot films cheaply.
ltjust happened.
875
01:36:28,934 --> 01:36:31,933
Brownlow was 18
when he started his first feature 876
01:36:31,934 --> 01:36:34,934
an ambitious recreation
ofa Nazi-occupied Britain.
877
01:36:35,414 --> 01:36:38,213
lt was called It Happened Here.
878
01:36:38,214 --> 01:36:40,093
(MiIitary drums)
879
01:36:40,094 --> 01:36:43,094
Fortunately, a fast-growing military expert,
Andrew Mollo, joined him
880
01:36:44,534 --> 01:36:47,333
before too much was in the can.
881

01:36:47,334 --> 01:36:50,334


InitiaIIy, I brought Andrew in
because I wanted his uniforms.
882
01:36:50,854 --> 01:36:52,573
I didn't particuIarIy want him.
883
01:36:52,574 --> 01:36:54,453
I thought he might be a bit of a nuisance.
884
01:36:54,454 --> 01:36:57,454
He had some uniforms and decorations
that were originaI that I wanted,
885
01:36:59,854 --> 01:37:01,933
so I made him an art director.
886
01:37:01,934 --> 01:37:04,934
Then he was scathing about the materiaI
that had been shot up to date.
887
01:37:05,694 --> 01:37:08,694
ANDREW: I was absoIuteIy horrified by it.
888
01:37:08,974 --> 01:37:11,133
To me, it was an enormous anti-cIimax.
889
01:37:11,134 --> 01:37:14,134
I had visions of convoys of German tanks
and thousands oftroops and so on.
890
01:37:16,054 --> 01:37:19,054
There was this reaIIy very chiIdish sort offiIm of
891
01:37:20,174 --> 01:37:23,174
peopIe in cardboard hats
giving ridicuIous Nazi saIutes.
892
01:37:26,014 --> 01:37:29,014
So they decided to scrap all the film
Brownlow had shot so far,
893

01:37:30,054 --> 01:37:32,253


and start again.
894
01:37:32,254 --> 01:37:35,254
(MiIitary drums)
895
01:37:36,494 --> 01:37:39,494
The project mushroomed to become
the most ambitious amateurfilm evermade.
896
01:37:41,014 --> 01:37:44,014
Both were paying forit out oftheir
sparse savings fromjobs in the film industry.
897
01:37:45,734 --> 01:37:48,734
Fellow collectors helpedbuild a large arsenal
ofGerman militaria.
898
01:37:50,174 --> 01:37:53,174
Enthusiastic filmmakers, like Peter Watkins,
volunteered to help out on set.
899
01:37:54,294 --> 01:37:57,253
Whilst others, like Stanley Kubrick,
provided film stock,
900
01:37:57,254 --> 01:38:00,254
and Tony Richardson
found the completion money.
901
01:38:04,254 --> 01:38:07,254
Foractors, whereverpossible they usedpeople
playing theirown real-life roles 902
01:38:08,934 --> 01:38:11,693
nurses, bus conductresses, soldiers.
903
01:38:11,694 --> 01:38:14,053
They even used genuine British Fascists,
904
01:38:14,054 --> 01:38:17,054
hoping they'd condemn themselves
out oftheirown mouths.

905
01:38:17,414 --> 01:38:20,414
Das war die Freiheit, zu der endIich...
906
01:38:21,614 --> 01:38:24,614
When the film was finally complete,
aftereight gruelling years,
907
01:38:25,134 --> 01:38:28,134
they agreed to have it distributed
by UnitedArtists.
908
01:38:29,054 --> 01:38:31,413
We were dazzIed by the idea of United Artists,
909
01:38:31,414 --> 01:38:34,414
with its memories of Mary Pickford
and CharIie ChapIin and DW Griffith,
910
01:38:34,974 --> 01:38:36,973
and thought, 'At Iast, we've made it.'
911
01:38:36,974 --> 01:38:39,974
UnfortunateIy, it is not in the interests of a major
distributor to support IittIe independents Iike us.
912
01:38:41,694 --> 01:38:43,493
Because independent producers,
913
01:38:43,494 --> 01:38:46,494
particuIarIy those who produce their fiIms for
the price ofthe main titIes of most feature fiIms,
914
01:38:47,974 --> 01:38:50,974
are a threat to their existence,
aIbeit a smaII one.
915
01:38:53,254 --> 01:38:56,254
It took them two years before they finaIIy
decided, after an awfuI Iot of badgering from us,
916
01:38:58,134 --> 01:38:59,733

to put the picture out.


917
01:38:59,734 --> 01:39:02,213
They booked it in for two weeks
at the London PaviIion.
918
01:39:02,214 --> 01:39:03,933
To their surprise, it Iasted six.
919
01:39:03,934 --> 01:39:06,333
It wouId have Iasted more ifthey'd Ieft it there.
920
01:39:06,334 --> 01:39:09,334
The picture made 26,000 in that first six weeks,
921
01:39:09,854 --> 01:39:12,854
which was exceptionaIIy good.
922
01:39:13,094 --> 01:39:16,094
However, they were told that advertising
and hiring the London Pavilion
923
01:39:17,134 --> 01:39:19,093
had soaked up all the money.
924
01:39:19,094 --> 01:39:22,094
And the same went forshowings abroad.
925
01:39:22,694 --> 01:39:25,173
In fact, we made not one brass farthing,
926
01:39:25,174 --> 01:39:27,413
and were dubbed uncommerciaI.
927
01:39:27,414 --> 01:39:30,013
And having made no money
with lt Happened Here,
928
01:39:30,014 --> 01:39:33,014
this meant that we got no offers
for the reguIar commerciaI cinema.

929
01:39:33,854 --> 01:39:36,653
Except one IittIe suggestion.
930
01:39:36,654 --> 01:39:39,654
Somebody said we couId do second unit
on the chariot race of The Viking Queen.
931
01:39:41,894 --> 01:39:44,894
Brownlow did make a little money
out ofwriting a book about theirexperiences,
932
01:39:46,414 --> 01:39:49,414
in the vain hope that ifthere were a next time,
things wouldbe different.
933
01:39:50,334 --> 01:39:53,334
But it was to happen again.
934
01:39:55,254 --> 01:39:58,254
The novel about Gerrard Winstanley and
the Diggers was shown to them by a teacher,
935
01:39:59,814 --> 01:40:01,653
who had acted in It Happened Here 936
01:40:01,654 --> 01:40:03,693
Miles Halliwell.
937
01:40:03,694 --> 01:40:06,293
WeII, the CiviI War period.
938
01:40:06,294 --> 01:40:09,294
It's about a sort of visionary
caIIed Gerrard WinstanIey,
939
01:40:10,054 --> 01:40:13,054
who sees many dispossessed poor peopIe
wandering around,
940
01:40:15,334 --> 01:40:18,334
and feeIs that the common Iands in EngIand
beIong to them,

941
01:40:20,974 --> 01:40:23,974
and that they shouId have the opportunity
of cuItivating them.
942
01:40:25,414 --> 01:40:28,414
(Wood being chopped)
943
01:40:30,774 --> 01:40:33,774
And so he starts a commune on St George's HiII
near Weybridge.
944
01:40:36,894 --> 01:40:39,853
They start cutting trees down
to buiId their houses
945
01:40:39,854 --> 01:40:41,813
and cuItivating crops.
946
01:40:41,814 --> 01:40:44,814
The IocaI Iandowners at first ignore it,
947
01:40:45,974 --> 01:40:48,974
but graduaIIy become more and more aIarmed,
and finaIIy drive them out,
948
01:40:50,574 --> 01:40:53,574
treating them with incredibIe sort of harshness
in doing so.
949
01:40:56,454 --> 01:40:58,253
That's the story.
950
01:40:58,254 --> 01:41:01,254
Knowing nothing about the 1 7th century,
I didn't respond at first to the story.
951
01:41:03,014 --> 01:41:05,773
AIthough one scene
had tremendous atmosphere,
952
01:41:05,774 --> 01:41:08,774

one of GeneraI Fairfax moving towards the hiII


in pouring rain,
953
01:41:10,334 --> 01:41:13,334
which seemed to sum up the kind of
atmosphere the picture shouId have.
954
01:41:15,654 --> 01:41:18,654
But then, reading the noveI,
and finding out more about WinstanIey,
955
01:41:19,574 --> 01:41:22,574
suddenIy opened my mind to this extraordinariIy
forgotten episode of EngIish history.
956
01:41:26,094 --> 01:41:29,094
It was something that we couId handIe.
957
01:41:29,174 --> 01:41:31,613
It was something of a scaIe we couId handIe.
958
01:41:31,614 --> 01:41:34,614
But, more than that, what was fascinating
about it was that it was an understated
959
01:41:36,134 --> 01:41:39,134
and reaIIy rather non-vioIent episode,
960
01:41:39,614 --> 01:41:42,614
which, if it had happened anywhere eIse,
wouId be extremeIy brutaI.
961
01:41:43,134 --> 01:41:46,053
But here, everyone tried to be reasonabIe.
962
01:41:46,054 --> 01:41:48,893
Such vioIence as there was
was very toned down.
963
01:41:48,894 --> 01:41:51,894
Somehow it was very EngIish.
964

01:41:54,414 --> 01:41:57,414


WoodfaII FiIms enabIed us to write the script.
They paid for the script.
965
01:41:58,854 --> 01:42:01,773
And then we tried to get the money for it.
966
01:42:01,774 --> 01:42:04,774
WeII, you can imagine how tremendousIy
popuIar the subject was,
967
01:42:05,614 --> 01:42:07,373
particuIarIy in the '60s.
968
01:42:07,374 --> 01:42:10,374
This was a fiIm about a group of peopIe who,
to aII intents and purposes,
969
01:42:11,414 --> 01:42:13,373
were EngIand's first communists.
970
01:42:13,374 --> 01:42:16,374
You can imagine how the Americans
reacted to this.
971
01:42:17,454 --> 01:42:20,293
I remember once I was asked to see a producer,
972
01:42:20,294 --> 01:42:23,294
and he said,
(American accent) 'Kevin, I've read your script.
973
01:42:24,254 --> 01:42:26,413
Very, very wonderfuI. Very wonderfuI.
974
01:42:26,414 --> 01:42:29,414
But one point. This WinstanIey, I didn't Iike him.
975
01:42:30,654 --> 01:42:33,654
I don't think you have to Iike a Ieading character
but he has to have something going for him.
976

01:44:11,934 --> 01:44:13,733


started a military history unit,
977
01:44:13,734 --> 01:44:16,734
and advised on films
like Dr Zhivago and Great Catherine,
978
01:44:17,014 --> 01:44:20,014
as well as on occasionalperiod commercials.
979
01:44:22,974 --> 01:44:24,733
Fortheirstyle offilmmaking,
980
01:44:24,734 --> 01:44:27,734
pre-production and thorough research
is as vital as shooting the film itself.
981
01:44:28,454 --> 01:44:31,454
Forboth ofthem,
17th-century England was a totally newperiod.
982
01:44:34,294 --> 01:44:37,294
This is a book by a French engraver
caIIed Jacques CaIIot,
983
01:44:38,614 --> 01:44:41,613
who was working during
the Thirty Years War in Europe.
984
01:44:41,614 --> 01:44:44,614
This particuIar engraving is of a soIdiers' camp.
985
01:44:44,974 --> 01:44:47,974
It contains a weaIth of detaiI for reconstructing
a simiIar sort of scene in the fiIm.
986
01:44:50,774 --> 01:44:52,813
You can see soIdiers pIaying cards
987
01:44:52,814 --> 01:44:54,653
and women preparing a meaI,
988

01:44:54,654 --> 01:44:57,654


and the cauIdron suspended
from a branch of a tree.
989
01:44:58,534 --> 01:45:01,534
And then, further on, there's a scene in a series
of engravings caIIed Cruelties of War.
990
01:45:06,094 --> 01:45:09,094
This scene is of an execution. We've
reconstructed that aImost exactIy for the fiIm.
991
01:45:11,814 --> 01:45:14,814
(Steady drumbeat)
992
01:45:30,534 --> 01:45:32,813
Front rank, present!
993
01:45:32,814 --> 01:45:35,814
Give fire!
994
01:45:40,534 --> 01:45:42,413
At the beginning of lt Happened Here,
995
01:45:42,414 --> 01:45:45,414
Andrew was the one who converted me
to the idea of compIete authenticity.
996
01:45:45,974 --> 01:45:48,974
I became as fanaticaI about it as he was.
997
01:45:49,654 --> 01:45:52,654
Without knowing it, we were working
in the styIe of Erich von Stroheim,
998
01:45:53,254 --> 01:45:56,254
the great Austrian-American director who made
some ofthe most magnificent siIent pictures
999
01:45:59,974 --> 01:46:02,974
and was renowned for his fanaticaI obsession
with detaiI.

1000
01:46:03,814 --> 01:46:06,814
In one picture, for instance,
he'd forced the extras to wear a vest
1001
01:46:07,574 --> 01:46:10,574
with the cipher ofthe Ruritanian country,
about which he was making the fiIm.
1002
01:46:11,694 --> 01:46:14,694
Even though the vests wouId never be seen,
they were exactIy right,
1003
01:46:15,774 --> 01:46:18,774
and had exactIy the correct army markings
on them.
1004
01:46:20,574 --> 01:46:23,574
His expIanation for this expenditure
was that it made the actors feeI right.
1005
01:46:28,014 --> 01:46:31,014
AIthough we couIdn't possibIe expend
such vast sums as von Stroheim did,
1006
01:46:32,694 --> 01:46:35,694
we tried to foIIow the same path as he did.
1007
01:46:37,254 --> 01:46:40,254
Authenticity is tremendousIy attractive,
because, in a sense, you pIay God.
1008
01:46:42,134 --> 01:46:45,134
You're recreating a period in history so that
wherever you Iook, everything is dead right.
1009
01:46:47,934 --> 01:46:50,293
Togetherthey checked all the locations.
1010
01:46:50,294 --> 01:46:53,294
But St Georges Hill, Weybridge,
the original site ofthe commune,
1011

01:46:53,494 --> 01:46:56,494


had changed somewhat
in the intervening years.
1012
01:46:57,054 --> 01:47:00,054
ANDREW: St George's HiII is now
a very expensive housing estate.
1013
01:47:02,214 --> 01:47:05,053
You practicaIIy have a passport
to get in the front gate.
1014
01:47:05,054 --> 01:47:07,733
It's aII rather reminiscent ofthe BerIin WaII.
1015
01:47:07,734 --> 01:47:10,734
The houses are very pIush,
and most ofthem have swimming pooIs.
1016
01:47:11,374 --> 01:47:14,374
It wouId have been impossibIe to shoot there.
1017
01:47:16,294 --> 01:47:19,294
They followed the same line ofhills
to Hindhead, Surrey,
1018
01:47:19,534 --> 01:47:22,534
where an ideal spot called the Devils Jumps
had the correct trees and vegetation
1019
01:47:24,014 --> 01:47:27,014
and appeared deserted.
1020
01:47:30,774 --> 01:47:33,774
lt was at this point that Mollo Senior
was able to help out.
1021
01:47:34,854 --> 01:47:37,854
Very convenientIy, about 300 yards down
the road, my father has a country property,
1022
01:47:41,694 --> 01:47:44,213
with about 20 acres of bog and wood.

1023
01:47:44,214 --> 01:47:47,214
He kindIy said that as Iong as we don't buiId
anything within sight ofthe house,
1024
01:47:48,334 --> 01:47:50,333
we couId do what we Iiked on the Iand.
1025
01:47:50,334 --> 01:47:53,334
So we buiIt the commune on our own Iand,
which meant we couId keep an eye on it.
1026
01:47:55,854 --> 01:47:58,854
We didn't have to worry about puIIing it down
and then re-erecting it.
1027
01:48:00,134 --> 01:48:03,134
We just buiIt it and Ieft it there.
1028
01:48:03,574 --> 01:48:06,574
Gerrard Winstanleys original tracts
were written in a cowbarn,
1029
01:48:07,454 --> 01:48:10,454
where he grazed otherpeoples cows
to subsidise the commune.
1030
01:48:12,174 --> 01:48:15,174
Brownlow and Mollo found a barn forhim
100 miles away, which theybought intact,
1031
01:48:16,374 --> 01:48:19,374
and which local schoolboys
helped them reconstruct at Larchfield.
1032
01:48:20,214 --> 01:48:23,214
Then Mollo and Brownlowrevamped it
fora dualpurpose.
1033
01:48:25,654 --> 01:48:28,654
ANDREW: I know on professionaI pictures,
the art director gets a Iist of every singIe set,

1034
01:48:30,734 --> 01:48:32,373
every singIe Iocation.
1035
01:48:32,374 --> 01:48:35,173
He systematicaIIy works his way
around the worId
1036
01:48:35,174 --> 01:48:38,174
untiI he's got aII his Iocations,
he's got aII his sets Iined up.
1037
01:48:39,054 --> 01:48:42,054
Kevin and I don't work that way. ProbabIy
because we're not terribIy good at deIegating
1038
01:48:43,814 --> 01:48:46,814
and so we tend to do everything ourseIves.
1039
01:48:49,334 --> 01:48:52,053
CARMEN MOLLO:
Do you have to do aII the waIIs, Andrew?
1040
01:48:52,054 --> 01:48:54,093
That must have been the bottom one.
1041
01:48:54,094 --> 01:48:56,533
We want to do them aII again, yes.
1042
01:48:56,534 --> 01:48:59,534
We had to remove the weatherboarding
because I used it for a set
1043
01:48:59,974 --> 01:49:02,974
for an advertising photograph.
1044
01:49:03,014 --> 01:49:05,533
Now we're putting it back up again.
1045
01:49:05,534 --> 01:49:07,693
You might say it's an awfuI waste oftime
1046

01:49:07,694 --> 01:49:10,694


but the money I get from
the advertising photograph
1047
01:49:11,574 --> 01:49:14,574
enabIes me to spend another
two or three months doing this for nothing.
1048
01:49:15,214 --> 01:49:18,214
Wait tiII the summer.
You wiII never have been as fit.
1049
01:49:20,494 --> 01:49:23,494
lnstead ofconstructing the lavish homes
of Winstanleys opponents,
1050
01:49:24,214 --> 01:49:25,773
the landed gentry,
1051
01:49:25,774 --> 01:49:27,453
they searched the country forthem,
1052
01:49:27,454 --> 01:49:29,293
often with surprising results 1053
01:49:29,294 --> 01:49:32,294
as in the case ofChastleton House
in Gloucestershire.
1054
01:49:33,654 --> 01:49:36,654
We were toId about it by the onIy professionaI
actor who's going to pIay in this fiIm.
1055
01:49:39,774 --> 01:49:42,774
He toId us about this marveIIous house
fuII ofwonderfuI furniture and so on.
1056
01:49:44,334 --> 01:49:47,334
Kevin and I went on a Iocation recce
and drove straight past it.
1057
01:49:48,134 --> 01:49:51,134
Because it's so typicaIIy CotswoId,

a very yeIIow stone,


1058
01:49:51,854 --> 01:49:54,213
it wouId make it totaIIy unsuitabIe for Surrey.
1059
01:49:54,214 --> 01:49:56,373
We reaIIy drove straight by.
1060
01:49:56,374 --> 01:49:59,374
It was onIy much Iater that we again
were recommended it by somebody
1061
01:50:00,254 --> 01:50:02,693
and decided to come and Iook at the interior.
1062
01:50:02,694 --> 01:50:05,694
As soon as we saw the marveIIous furniture
and the compIeteIy unspoiIt state of it,
1063
01:50:08,854 --> 01:50:11,133
we decided it wouId be ideaI,
1064
01:50:11,134 --> 01:50:14,134
not onIy for a few of our interiors, but nearIy aII
our better-cIass interiors in the picture.
1065
01:50:17,054 --> 01:50:20,054
It saved us so much troubIe
and so much money.
1066
01:50:26,214 --> 01:50:27,973
You'II be very reIieved to get it off.
1067
01:50:27,974 --> 01:50:30,213
Can you just hoId your breast... your front?
1068
01:50:30,214 --> 01:50:32,493
HoId my breast?
1069
01:50:32,494 --> 01:50:34,693
Where did aII this armour come from, Andrew?

1070
01:50:34,694 --> 01:50:37,694
The Tower of London.
He took it out in his shopping bag. (Laughs)
1071
01:50:39,294 --> 01:50:42,294
ANDREW: Contrary to most professionaI
fiImmakers,
1072
01:50:44,254 --> 01:50:47,254
I've aIways considered that technicaI advice
is of enormous benefit,
1073
01:50:48,774 --> 01:50:50,413
rather than a hindrance.
1074
01:50:50,414 --> 01:50:53,414
Very earIy on, I decided
that I'd try to recruit experts
1075
01:50:57,254 --> 01:51:00,254
in the particuIar fieIds and period
in which we were making the fiIm.
1076
01:51:03,134 --> 01:51:06,134
The first man that we got in touch with was a
keeper ofthe armoury at the Tower of London,
1077
01:51:08,814 --> 01:51:11,253
caIIed RusseII Robinson.
1078
01:51:11,254 --> 01:51:13,453
Through his good offices
1079
01:51:13,454 --> 01:51:16,454
we managed to actuaIIy borrow originaI armour
from the Tower of London,
1080
01:51:17,214 --> 01:51:18,973
which had never been done before.
1081
01:51:18,974 --> 01:51:21,974
He advised us on the right sort ofweapons

to use,
1082
01:51:23,094 --> 01:51:25,613
and the method in which they were used.
1083
01:51:25,614 --> 01:51:27,973
Yep, yep, yep, yep, yep.
1084
01:51:27,974 --> 01:51:30,974
- Yep.
(BeIIows)
1085
01:51:31,614 --> 01:51:34,614
The Museum of EngIish RuraI Life suppIied us
with a Iot ofthe impIements ofthe period,
1086
01:51:37,334 --> 01:51:40,093
and aIso introduced us to a chap
caIIed BiII Petch,
1087
01:51:40,094 --> 01:51:43,094
who's one ofthe worId's Ieading authorities
on steam pIoughing,
1088
01:51:44,974 --> 01:51:47,974
who became one of our reguIar band
of Diggers,
1089
01:51:48,854 --> 01:51:51,854
and who advised us on
eIementary agricuIturaI techniques.
1090
01:51:59,214 --> 01:52:01,973
WeII, this is a breast pIough.
1091
01:52:01,974 --> 01:52:04,974
But it's not reaIIy used from the breast.
It's used from the stomach.
1092
01:52:08,334 --> 01:52:11,334
Many ofthem have this side cut away.
1093

01:52:11,814 --> 01:52:14,814


It was meant to turn over the soiI,
but onIy to a shaIIow depth.
1094
01:52:17,214 --> 01:52:20,214
And I certainIy wouIdn't want to use this
for a ten-hour day.
1095
01:52:22,654 --> 01:52:25,654
I expect the Diggers had to do it for 1 2 hours.
1096
01:52:33,894 --> 01:52:36,894
To know more about the Digger way oflife,
Brownlow contacted Sid Rawle.
1097
01:52:39,534 --> 01:52:42,453
Although the original Diggers became Quakers,
1098
01:52:42,454 --> 01:52:45,053
Sid Rawle, a modern-day Diggerleader,
1099
01:52:45,054 --> 01:52:48,054
concerns himselfmore with squatters'rights
and communes.
1100
01:52:50,614 --> 01:52:53,614
This is for Joshua to bIow them out.
1101
01:52:54,054 --> 01:52:57,054
GIRL: I didn't bIow the candIes out.
1102
01:52:57,774 --> 01:53:00,774
Recently, he ran a commune on an island
given by John Lennon,
1103
01:53:01,534 --> 01:53:03,253
where theybuilt huts,
1104
01:53:03,254 --> 01:53:06,254
and forthree years lived a similarlife
to Winstanleys Diggers.
1105

01:53:07,454 --> 01:53:10,454


They were very simpIe sociaIists.
1106
01:53:12,974 --> 01:53:15,974
And yet, in my opinion, they were
the onIy sociaIists who've ever managed
1107
01:53:17,094 --> 01:53:20,094
to put across a programme
that anybody couId understand.
1108
01:53:21,894 --> 01:53:24,894
Keep quiet, everywhere.
1109
01:53:26,734 --> 01:53:29,173
Many Diggers had served in Cromwells army.
1110
01:53:29,174 --> 01:53:32,174
Forthe largerscenes, Mollo and Brownlow
were helpedby the Sealed Knot
1111
01:53:32,814 --> 01:53:34,733
and the RoundheadAssociation,
1112
01:53:34,734 --> 01:53:37,734
groups which at weekends
stage English Civil Warbattles.
1113
01:53:40,094 --> 01:53:43,094
They also enlisted some help closerto hand.
1114
01:53:43,494 --> 01:53:46,413
KEVIN: Neither Andrew nor I were married
on the Iast fiIm.
1115
01:53:46,414 --> 01:53:49,414
I think, secretIy, both of us thought we'd never
make a fiIm again because we did get married.
1116
01:53:50,894 --> 01:53:53,894
We feIt that perhaps that wouId interfere
with making another fiIm.

1117
01:53:55,694 --> 01:53:58,694
Virginia was at first struck by what she thought
was the gIamour offiImmaking.
1118
01:54:00,774 --> 01:54:03,774
It wore off in about 25 minutes fIat
when the reaI hard grind came in.
1119
01:54:07,054 --> 01:54:10,054
However, with Virginia driving me,
because I don't drive,
1120
01:54:11,054 --> 01:54:13,933
and doing the catering on the picture,
1121
01:54:13,934 --> 01:54:16,934
it turned out to be an absoIute godsend.
1122
01:54:17,894 --> 01:54:20,894
lt was the first film experience for Carmen Mollo,
as well.
1123
01:54:21,774 --> 01:54:24,774
ANDREW: Carmen, Iike everybody eIse
on the unit, was a body,
1124
01:54:27,174 --> 01:54:29,373
a pair of hands, and a pair of Iegs
1125
01:54:29,374 --> 01:54:32,374
who was avaiIabIe for any task that might have
to be done at any given moment.
1126
01:54:34,174 --> 01:54:37,174
But she had the added burden
of having to Iook after two smaII chiIdren,
1127
01:54:38,334 --> 01:54:41,334
who aIways wanted to dress up, whether
there was any costumes avaiIabIe or not.
1128
01:54:43,494 --> 01:54:46,494

I wiII make you go and wait in the car.


Now stop pestering.
1129
01:54:47,254 --> 01:54:50,013
Go over there.
1130
01:54:50,014 --> 01:54:52,693
These cIothes are terribIy coId.
1131
01:54:52,694 --> 01:54:55,694
But for Carmen, there was an even more
importantjob to tackle.
1132
01:54:56,494 --> 01:54:58,533
You'II have to put a wooIIen vest underneath.
1133
01:54:58,534 --> 01:55:00,253
But Andrew won't aIIow it.
1134
01:55:00,254 --> 01:55:03,254
- Why?
- Because it shows above here.
1135
01:55:03,974 --> 01:55:06,974
I'II bring... I've got an open sort of vest.
1136
01:55:08,694 --> 01:55:11,694
But did they wear them?
We must have this absoIuteIy authentic.
1137
01:55:11,814 --> 01:55:14,814
Does it matter, if you have the buttons done up?
1138
01:55:17,214 --> 01:55:20,214
She was to find herconvent school training
very handy when students let them down
1139
01:55:21,414 --> 01:55:24,414
and she was landed with thejob ofmaking
most ofthe costumes herself.
1140
01:55:25,094 --> 01:55:28,094

However, occasionally she was helped out


by othermembers ofthe unit.
1141
01:55:33,454 --> 01:55:36,454
ANDREW: It gives me enormous pIeasure to
see aII the hand-stitching throughout the fiIm
1142
01:55:39,694 --> 01:55:42,694
which one doesn't tend to see
on professionaI costume pictures.
1143
01:55:44,334 --> 01:55:47,334
Modern fiIm costumes tend to be smart
in a sort of modern manner 1144
01:55:50,374 --> 01:55:52,773
very neat Iines, no creases,
1145
01:55:52,774 --> 01:55:55,533
which is, ideaIIy, modern taiIoring,
1146
01:55:55,534 --> 01:55:58,373
but is not correct for period costume.
1147
01:55:58,374 --> 01:56:01,374
Whereas, on our picture, first of aII
they were made out of second-hand materiaIs.
1148
01:56:02,814 --> 01:56:05,733
I don't think they were washed
throughout the whoIe ofthe fiIm.
1149
01:56:05,734 --> 01:56:08,734
They were very authentic,
not onIy from appearance but aIso from smeII.
1150
01:56:15,374 --> 01:56:17,893
KEVIN: Once peopIe heard
that we were making a fiIm,
1151
01:56:17,894 --> 01:56:20,894
they immediateIy thought they couId retire on
the proceeds ofwhat they hired to us.

1152
01:56:22,254 --> 01:56:25,213
We had to pay fuII rates for most things,
1153
01:56:25,214 --> 01:56:27,173
which was an enormous drawback.
1154
01:56:27,174 --> 01:56:30,174
For instance,
we had to pay the going rate for horses
1155
01:56:30,214 --> 01:56:33,214
that anyone eIse wouId pay,
Iike the BBC or MGM.
1156
01:56:33,974 --> 01:56:36,974
Then we had to pay the transportation
ofthose horses.
1157
01:56:39,054 --> 01:56:42,054
When we did the mutiny,
we had to get IocaI horses
1158
01:56:43,134 --> 01:56:46,134
but they had no idea what was in store for them.
1159
01:56:46,814 --> 01:56:48,613
SOLDIER: Port your muskets.
1160
01:56:48,614 --> 01:56:50,773
Prepare to advance.
1161
01:56:50,774 --> 01:56:52,253
Advance!
1162
01:56:52,254 --> 01:56:55,254
(Drumbeats)
1163
01:56:57,294 --> 01:56:59,333
CIose up to your right!
1164

01:56:59,334 --> 01:57:02,334


KEVIN: They were accustomed to taking girIs
around the common, and that was it.
1165
01:57:04,454 --> 01:57:07,454
When they were confronted with
a coupIe of hundred armed men,
1166
01:57:07,934 --> 01:57:10,773
they naturaIIy responded very badIy.
1167
01:57:10,774 --> 01:57:13,774
CoIoneI Rich, remove those papers.
1168
01:57:15,094 --> 01:57:18,094
(Whinnies)
1169
01:57:24,094 --> 01:57:27,094
Ride up the Iine, Barry and Peter.
Get those pamphIets out.
1170
01:57:28,934 --> 01:57:31,573
Do anything you can but get the pamphIets out.
1171
01:57:31,574 --> 01:57:34,574
Barry, try.
1172
01:57:35,214 --> 01:57:38,214
The fiIm industry regards a fiIm ofthis sort
with monumentaI indifference.
1173
01:57:39,574 --> 01:57:41,053
It goes without saying.
1174
01:57:41,054 --> 01:57:44,054
However, it was necessary to find a cameraman
for this picture
1175
01:57:44,134 --> 01:57:46,693
who had not had experience in features.
1176
01:57:46,694 --> 01:57:49,694

One thing the British FiIm Institute insists on


is that we start technicians.
1177
01:57:54,054 --> 01:57:57,054
They enlisted the help ofErnie Vincze,
an ace documentary cameraman.
1178
01:57:58,774 --> 01:58:01,493
He had a marveIIous eye.
1179
01:58:01,494 --> 01:58:04,494
He couId be trusted impIicitIy to produce
something even better than we'd hoped for.
1180
01:58:05,934 --> 01:58:08,934
And he aIso had the eye of a director,
which is very rare among cameramen.
1181
01:58:10,094 --> 01:58:13,094
Why don't you ask BiII to go that way
and Terry go this way?
1182
01:58:13,574 --> 01:58:16,574
It's not that that worries me so much as the...
1183
01:58:17,414 --> 01:58:19,453
It's the Iack of urgency.
1184
01:58:19,454 --> 01:58:22,133
ERNIE:
Thanks for Kevin and Andrew's cooperation.
1185
01:58:22,134 --> 01:58:25,133
They were putting up with
my other commitments,
1186
01:58:25,134 --> 01:58:28,134
Iike going away for three or four weeks
at a time.
1187
01:58:29,694 --> 01:58:32,694
And once, at the height ofthe summer,
I had to go away for six weeks

1188
01:58:34,334 --> 01:58:37,053
and the shooting stopped for six weeks.
1189
01:58:37,054 --> 01:58:39,093
ANDREW: One has to be reasonabIy eIastic.
1190
01:58:39,094 --> 01:58:42,094
You can't expect somebody who's working for
you for nothing to give up Iucrative jobs.
1191
01:58:43,934 --> 01:58:46,934
It's onIy by doing the Iucrative jobs
he can afford to work for you for nothing.
1192
01:58:48,374 --> 01:58:51,374
KEVIN: There were times when it seemed
Ernie's professionaI commitments
1193
01:58:52,374 --> 01:58:55,374
were going to compIeteIy destroy
our own scheduIe.
1194
01:58:56,654 --> 01:58:59,654
And we discussed the possibiIity
of repIacing him.
1195
01:59:00,894 --> 01:59:03,894
But it wouId have been impossibIe,
and we knew it was impossibIe then.
1196
01:59:04,454 --> 01:59:07,454
Because in a fiIm which is spread over such
a Iong period, the styIe of photography is vitaI.
1197
01:59:10,134 --> 01:59:13,093
And to change in midstream,
1198
01:59:13,094 --> 01:59:16,094
to imagine that somebody eIse couId achieve
the same resuIts, is wishfuI thinking.
1199

01:59:17,974 --> 01:59:19,573


Take it easy. We can't shoot...
1200
01:59:19,574 --> 01:59:22,574
Othertechnicians like PeterHarvey
who, in turn, acted as soundrecordist,
1201
01:59:23,694 --> 01:59:25,853
dubbing editorand second cameraman,
1202
01:59:25,854 --> 01:59:28,854
came both from the industry and film schools.
1203
01:59:29,734 --> 01:59:32,734
Everyone, however, was not expected
to stickrigidly to thejob he was trained for.
1204
01:59:35,974 --> 01:59:38,974
It's a wonderfuI starting point,
for a whoIe new styIe offiIms.
1205
01:59:40,654 --> 01:59:43,654
Film editor Charles Rees, forinstance,
became an assistant directorforthe duration.
1206
01:59:46,774 --> 01:59:49,613
When we started this fiIm,
started pIanning the fiIm,
1207
01:59:49,614 --> 01:59:52,614
we decided the most sensibIe thing wouId be
to shoot it in seven or eight weeks fIat.
1208
01:59:53,814 --> 01:59:56,573
And that meant we had to use
professionaI actors
1209
01:59:56,574 --> 01:59:59,574
because the non-professionaIs wouId not
be avaiIabIe during the working hours,
1210
02:00:01,214 --> 02:00:02,773
ordinary working hours.

1211
02:00:02,774 --> 02:00:05,453
So we started work on Spotlight.
1212
02:00:05,454 --> 02:00:08,454
And Spotlight is a directory
of aII professionaI actors.
1213
02:00:08,734 --> 02:00:11,734
And we chose the best faces
and began ringing the agents up.
1214
02:00:12,054 --> 02:00:14,093
We were astonished by the reaction we got.
1215
02:00:14,094 --> 02:00:17,094
As soon as they heard that aII we couId pay
professionaI actors was the Equity minimum,
1216
02:00:18,214 --> 02:00:21,214
the phone was sIammed down very rapidIy.
1217
02:00:23,414 --> 02:00:26,414
There was one man we were absoIuteIy
determined to get and that was Jerome WiIIis,
1218
02:00:27,534 --> 02:00:30,534
who we wanted for the part of GeneraI Fairfax.
1219
02:00:51,694 --> 02:00:53,733
then we post-sync it.
1220
02:00:53,734 --> 02:00:56,734
KEVIN: The great advantage
of using a professionaI in this part,
1221
02:00:57,054 --> 02:01:00,054
and particuIarIy a man whose face
was weII-known on teIevision,
1222
02:01:00,414 --> 02:01:03,414
was in the scene

when Fairfax visited the commune.


1223
02:01:04,414 --> 02:01:07,414
Here we had about 60 IocaI peopIe.
1224
02:01:07,734 --> 02:01:10,734
They were supposed to react in a certain way
when Fairfax came.
1225
02:01:11,054 --> 02:01:13,293
We didn't teII them how to react.
1226
02:01:13,294 --> 02:01:16,294
But as soon as they saw who it was,
1227
02:01:16,374 --> 02:01:19,374
they aII sort of became terribIy respectfuI.
1228
02:01:19,854 --> 02:01:22,854
And it had exactIy the right effect.
1229
02:01:30,054 --> 02:01:32,333
JEROME:
One thing which enormousIy impressed me
1230
02:01:32,334 --> 02:01:35,334
was the tremendous care which was taken
by Kevin and Andrew to recreate this period.
1231
02:01:40,014 --> 02:01:42,613
I was astonished to find
that there were pigs there 1232
02:01:42,614 --> 02:01:44,453
a breed of pigs which no Ionger exist
1233
02:01:44,454 --> 02:01:47,454
and had onIy been kept up
by the Historic Breeds Trust.
1234
02:01:47,814 --> 02:01:49,853
They were the most incredibIe animaIs.

1235
02:01:49,854 --> 02:01:52,854
I mean, they were about six-foot Iong.
They Iooked Iike smaII eIephants.
1236
02:01:53,294 --> 02:01:56,173
I presume they're not bred now,
'cos the meat is very coarse.
1237
02:01:56,174 --> 02:01:59,174
There were breeds of chickens
which no Ionger existed.
1238
02:01:59,414 --> 02:02:02,414
And even the things they made themseIves
Iike the huts,
1239
02:02:03,214 --> 02:02:06,214
the impIements they were aII absoIuteIy authentic.
1240
02:02:06,934 --> 02:02:09,934
I was wearing a costume
which was a faithfuI recreation
1241
02:02:11,134 --> 02:02:14,134
of a costume which stiII exists in a museum,
which Fairfax wore.
1242
02:02:14,814 --> 02:02:16,853
And that - it had an effect on me.
1243
02:02:16,854 --> 02:02:19,854
Maybe it wouIdn't on many peopIe,
but it certainIy affected me very strongIy.
1244
02:02:24,454 --> 02:02:27,454
lt was this effect ofoverall authenticity
1245
02:02:27,774 --> 02:02:30,774
that helped enormously the other
non-professional members ofthe cast,

1246
02:02:31,254 --> 02:02:33,373
most ofwhom hadrarely actedbefore.
1247
02:02:33,374 --> 02:02:35,653
Like Miles Halliwells wife, Alison.
1248
02:02:35,654 --> 02:02:37,693
I have read your book.
1249
02:02:37,694 --> 02:02:40,694
I have read it so often I know it by heart.
1250
02:02:41,734 --> 02:02:44,734
The voice of God speaks in you,
and through you.
1251
02:02:44,934 --> 02:02:47,934
KEVIN:
You can keep the pauses quite Iong,
1252
02:02:48,254 --> 02:02:51,254
because the reactions are going to be
very, very important.
1253
02:02:52,294 --> 02:02:55,294
And then when you get to
'a woman's conscience is her own',
1254
02:02:55,334 --> 02:02:58,334
you're so overwrought
that you turn to avoid WinstanIey's eyes.
1255
02:02:58,694 --> 02:03:00,373
And you Iook out the window.
1256
02:03:00,374 --> 02:03:03,374
That's when we cut to
whatever shots we'II do next.
1257
02:03:03,454 --> 02:03:05,493
COACHMAN: Go on!
(Horse whinnies)

1258
02:03:05,494 --> 02:03:08,494
(Horse puIIing carriage)
1259
02:03:13,374 --> 02:03:16,374
l have readyourbook.
l have read it so often l know itby heart.
1260
02:03:21,654 --> 02:03:24,654
The voice ofGod speaks in you,
and through you.
1261
02:03:29,934 --> 02:03:32,934
You cannot conceive the degree
ofmy suffering.
1262
02:03:41,934 --> 02:03:44,733
There is a favourl must ask ofyou.
1263
02:03:44,734 --> 02:03:47,734
One you cannot deny me before God.
1264
02:03:51,014 --> 02:03:53,013
l shalljoin yourflock.
1265
02:03:53,014 --> 02:03:54,693
l, too, shall dig.
1266
02:03:54,694 --> 02:03:57,694
l am with child, but when...
1267
02:03:59,334 --> 02:04:02,334
Ourlife is hard.
1268
02:04:05,054 --> 02:04:07,773
NARRATOR: Most ofthe Diggers
were recruited locally.
1269
02:04:07,774 --> 02:04:10,774
But some had to come hundreds ofmiles,
weekend after weekend,

1270
02:04:11,334 --> 02:04:13,013
season afterseason.
1271
02:04:13,014 --> 02:04:15,053
Look, this one.
1272
02:04:15,054 --> 02:04:18,054
The camera recorded each stage
ofthe building ofthe communes.
1273
02:04:18,614 --> 02:04:21,253
And they soon began to feel like the originals.
1274
02:04:21,254 --> 02:04:24,254
As soon as the hoIe's a bit deeper,
if you can put that post in...
1275
02:04:25,054 --> 02:04:25,893
Yep.
1276
02:04:25,894 --> 02:04:28,894
And then stamp
and put the earth back and stamp down on it.
1277
02:04:30,174 --> 02:04:33,174
These were started Iast summer
by chiIdren from schooI.
1278
02:04:33,574 --> 02:04:36,574
About a dozen ofthem came over
and cIeared these.
1279
02:04:37,414 --> 02:04:40,414
And this is the beginning ofthe commune
which started anyway in March.
1280
02:04:42,134 --> 02:04:44,413
So we're just a few days short of it.
1281
02:04:44,414 --> 02:04:47,414
March 1 649.

1282
02:04:48,974 --> 02:04:51,974
Cut! You're Iooking at the camera.
1283
02:04:52,894 --> 02:04:55,733
One thing.
Anyone who's not been in a fiIm before...
1284
02:04:55,734 --> 02:04:58,053
Can we just announce this one vitaI fact?
1285
02:04:58,054 --> 02:05:01,054
That whenever you're being fiImed,
never Iook at the camera.
1286
02:05:01,734 --> 02:05:04,734
It's something that is very easy for us to forget
because we're so used to it.
1287
02:05:05,454 --> 02:05:08,454
But if you just remember that.
We'II NG that one.
1288
02:05:09,934 --> 02:05:12,533
- OK, MiIes, whenever you're ready.
- Right.
1289
02:05:12,534 --> 02:05:15,534
The decision which one has to reach between
using amateur actors or professionaIs,
1290
02:05:17,374 --> 02:05:20,374
as far as Kevin and I are concerned,
is primariIy one of appearance.
1291
02:05:21,574 --> 02:05:24,453
We tend to cast the pictures by Iooks
1292
02:05:24,454 --> 02:05:27,454
and it doesn't matter
whether the person is an actor or not.
1293
02:05:30,694 --> 02:05:33,694

It does matter whether he can act or not.


1294
02:05:34,414 --> 02:05:37,414
On one or two occasions we've chosen
somebody who Iooks perfect for the part
1295
02:05:38,094 --> 02:05:41,094
but who's just unabIe to deIiver a Iine.
1296
02:05:41,694 --> 02:05:44,694
Everybody modern out ofthe camera range,
pIease.
1297
02:05:47,654 --> 02:05:50,654
AII right, George, do your IittIe bit of acting.
1298
02:05:54,334 --> 02:05:57,334
OK. Cut. Get something eIse.
1299
02:05:59,174 --> 02:06:01,853
KEVIN:
When we first began thinking about the project,
1300
02:06:01,854 --> 02:06:04,853
I said to Andrew,
'Have you got anyone in mind for WinstanIey?'
1301
02:06:04,854 --> 02:06:07,133
And he said immediateIy, 'MiIes HaIIiweII'.
1302
02:06:07,134 --> 02:06:09,973
- What's the time?
MAN: Quarter-past one.
1303
02:06:09,974 --> 02:06:12,933
WeII, I must go offto the parents' meeting.
1304
02:06:12,934 --> 02:06:15,453
WeII, we had him in a smaII part in
lt Happened Here.
1305
02:06:15,454 --> 02:06:17,093

He was exceptionaIIy good.


1306
02:06:17,094 --> 02:06:20,094
At the same time, as he was a schooImaster,
I just didn't see him in the part at aII.
1307
02:06:23,174 --> 02:06:26,174
But we did a test back in 1 966
and the camera converts peopIe totaIIy.
1308
02:06:31,014 --> 02:06:34,014
And when I saw MiIes HaIIiweII
in that hat and in that costume on the screen,
1309
02:06:35,254 --> 02:06:38,213
there was no doubt Andrew's dead right - MiIes was perfect.
1310
02:06:38,214 --> 02:06:41,214
So when we began the fiIm in earnest,
MiIes had weathered a bit by then,
1311
02:06:42,174 --> 02:06:44,573
'cos eight years had passed,
1312
02:06:44,574 --> 02:06:47,253
and he approached it in a most intense way.
1313
02:06:47,254 --> 02:06:50,254
I don't know what went on in his head
before he came on the scene.
1314
02:06:51,454 --> 02:06:54,454
But when he came on the set,
he wouId aIways detach himseIf.
1315
02:06:54,614 --> 02:06:57,613
And he'd Iie in the bushes, apparentIy asIeep.
1316
02:06:57,614 --> 02:07:00,614
He'd aIways be a man separate,
just as I'm sure WinstanIey was.

1317
02:07:02,854 --> 02:07:05,854
During the course ofthe fiIm, more and more
he came to resembIe this man WinstanIey.
1318
02:07:08,974 --> 02:07:11,974
And the quaIities that I admire so much about
WinstanIey seemed to be refIected in MiIes.
1319
02:07:14,974 --> 02:07:17,974
In one scene, MiIes was missing.
I don't know where he was.
1320
02:07:18,214 --> 02:07:21,133
I think he'd detached himseIftoo far.
1321
02:07:21,134 --> 02:07:23,733
And we put someone eIse in his pIace.
1322
02:07:23,734 --> 02:07:26,734
The scene remained...a motion picture scene.
1323
02:07:27,814 --> 02:07:30,814
- You missed me again!
- (Laughter)
1324
02:07:31,694 --> 02:07:34,373
It's Iucky we're not running for a bus.
1325
02:07:34,374 --> 02:07:37,374
And then MiIes arrived and I toId him
what we'd been doing.
1326
02:07:37,894 --> 02:07:40,894
And gave him the Iine. He said,
'I wouIdn't say that. I wouIdn't aIarm them.'
1327
02:07:44,414 --> 02:07:46,453
And so when he rushed in...
1328
02:07:46,454 --> 02:07:47,173
Action!

1329
02:07:47,174 --> 02:07:48,773
He said very quietIy...
1330
02:07:48,774 --> 02:07:51,774
Go to our pIace of safety. Hurry!
1331
02:07:51,934 --> 02:07:54,573
..which immediateIy converted the whoIe scene.
1332
02:07:54,574 --> 02:07:57,574
It aIso transformed the way peopIe reacted
and it was great.
1333
02:10:00,414 --> 02:10:03,414
Therefore, if somebody says,
'I'd never do that in reaI Iife',
1334
02:10:05,094 --> 02:10:08,094
weII, for God's sake don't Iet him do it,
because he wiII never do that convincingIy.
1335
02:10:12,134 --> 02:10:15,134
A persons innerconvictions
arejust as important as theirlooks
1336
02:10:15,694 --> 02:10:17,733
in making the technique work.
1337
02:10:17,734 --> 02:10:20,734
Especially when Sid Rawle and his squatters
volunteered to play the Ranters,
1338
02:10:21,774 --> 02:10:24,653
a band of 17th-century hippies.
1339
02:10:24,654 --> 02:10:27,654
I thought to myseIf,
'WeII, up around here and ChaIk Farm,
1340
02:10:27,814 --> 02:10:30,814
we've got pIenty of characters
who can pIay Ranters, without even trying.'

1341
02:10:31,934 --> 02:10:34,934
And six of us went down.
1342
02:10:38,934 --> 02:10:41,933
We had a reaIIy good time.
1343
02:10:41,934 --> 02:10:44,934
In so many ways, the modern-day freak/hippie,
caII them what you wiII,
1344
02:10:48,534 --> 02:10:51,534
are very much the counterpart
ofthe oId Ranters.
1345
02:10:53,454 --> 02:10:56,454
The peopIe - the Diggers, their reaction to us
was one of...weII, I won't say hostiIity,
1346
02:11:01,174 --> 02:11:04,174
but, you know,
they were very freaked out by us Ranters,
1347
02:11:06,814 --> 02:11:09,814
you know, arriving there on the set
to take over their fiIm.
1348
02:11:12,854 --> 02:11:15,854
Kevin was aIso in on that. He knew it.
1349
02:11:17,894 --> 02:11:20,894
And so by acting ourseIves,
maybe pIaying it up a IittIe bit,
1350
02:11:22,974 --> 02:11:25,974
we had the effect of getting out ofthem
1351
02:11:26,574 --> 02:11:29,574
the reaction that the Ranters
got out ofthe oId Diggers.
1352
02:11:33,014 --> 02:11:35,373

Let us give thanks.


1353
02:11:35,374 --> 02:11:37,573
Prayers? Prayers?!
1354
02:11:37,574 --> 02:11:39,893
The righteous can do no sin.
1355
02:11:39,894 --> 02:11:41,973
We are the chosen ofGod,
1356
02:11:41,974 --> 02:11:44,974
so that all that we do cannotbe sin
butrighteousness.
1357
02:11:46,254 --> 02:11:49,254
The Virgin Mary was but a common whore,
1358
02:11:49,374 --> 02:11:52,374
herson a fleshly creature, such as we.
1359
02:11:53,294 --> 02:11:56,294
This, the Holy Bible, has been the cause ofall
the misery, bloodshed and division in the world.
1360
02:11:58,454 --> 02:12:01,053
- Until all Bibles are burned...
- No, no, no.
1361
02:12:01,054 --> 02:12:04,054
'Tis a Holy Bible.
1362
02:12:04,294 --> 02:12:06,053
- Yippee!
- Please!
1363
02:12:06,054 --> 02:12:09,054
You must use your own good sense.
Otherwise, why were you brought here?
1364
02:12:10,814 --> 02:12:13,173
Sometimes feeling the part isn't enough,

1365
02:12:13,174 --> 02:12:16,174
especially when trying to master
17th-century dialogue.
1366
02:12:17,014 --> 02:12:19,573
I feeI a reasonabIe fee wouId be two pounds.
1367
02:12:19,574 --> 02:12:22,574
- Three.
- I wiII not quibbIe.
1368
02:12:22,614 --> 02:12:23,973
Right.
1369
02:12:23,974 --> 02:12:25,413
We wiII...
1370
02:12:25,414 --> 02:12:26,533
Cut!
1371
02:12:26,534 --> 02:12:29,534
We got the Iines right. That's the first time
we've ever got aII the Iines right.
1372
02:12:32,334 --> 02:12:35,334
ANDREW: Ifwe used an amateur actor,
we might get the scene in one shot.
1373
02:12:36,694 --> 02:12:39,694
It's possibIe. It has happened.
1374
02:12:40,014 --> 02:12:43,014
Or we might spend two or three days trying
to get one Iine of diaIogue out ofthe way.
1375
02:12:45,654 --> 02:12:48,654
..hundreds of years,
and over the face of haIfthe universe.
1376
02:12:50,574 --> 02:12:53,574
Here is Iand enough

to maintain aII her chiIdren.


1377
02:12:54,374 --> 02:12:57,374
Yet many starve for want,
or Iive under a heavy burden aII their days.
1378
02:12:58,294 --> 02:13:01,294
ANDREW: And ifwe use professionaI actors,
we might have to pay them a Iot more money,
1379
02:13:02,414 --> 02:13:05,414
but we hope that ifwe choose weII,
they wiII be abIe to deIiver their Iines,
1380
02:13:07,014 --> 02:13:10,014
they wiII be abIe to retain
and improve a performance.
1381
02:13:10,054 --> 02:13:13,054
We offer no offence to anyone, but do carry
ourseIves in Iove and peace to aII,
1382
02:13:14,894 --> 02:13:17,453
having no intent to meddIe with
another's property,
1383
02:13:17,454 --> 02:13:20,454
unIess it be freeIy given to us by themseIves.
1384
02:13:20,774 --> 02:13:22,813
..Iet a man work to earn his IiveIihood.
1385
02:13:22,814 --> 02:13:25,814
Jerome Willis had one reservation
about working with non-professionals.
1386
02:13:26,854 --> 02:13:29,093
JEROME: You know,
they can't repeat something.
1387
02:13:29,094 --> 02:13:32,094
Ifthey achieve an effect through their sincerity
and, you know, their beIief,

1388
02:13:34,374 --> 02:13:36,093
and they're asked to do it again,
1389
02:13:36,094 --> 02:13:39,094
especiaIIy if he's had to do six or seven takes,
obviousIy finds that extremeIy difficuIt.
1390
02:13:41,414 --> 02:13:43,973
- Turn on the sound.
- AII right!
1391
02:13:43,974 --> 02:13:46,974
(CIapperboard)
1392
02:13:47,454 --> 02:13:50,093
KEVIN:
The most important singIe eIement
1393
02:13:50,094 --> 02:13:53,094
that any person in front of a camera
can bring you is conviction.
1394
02:13:53,734 --> 02:13:56,734
The conviction is kiIIed as soon as he acts.
1395
02:13:56,934 --> 02:13:59,934
And this is the troubIe with the kind offiIm
that Andrew and I Iike to make.
1396
02:14:01,454 --> 02:14:04,454
They are supposed to be experiences
that are happening whiIe you watch them.
1397
02:14:05,814 --> 02:14:08,814
And they are not enacted historicaI pageants.
1398
02:14:10,334 --> 02:14:13,053
If you don't feeI that these peopIe are reaI,
1399
02:14:13,054 --> 02:14:16,054
and even iftheir diaIogue is haIting

and the way they say it is inarticuIate,


1400
02:14:17,294 --> 02:14:20,294
nevertheIess if it isn't reaI and convincing,
then we have faiIed.
1401
02:14:21,534 --> 02:14:24,534
And that is why
I Iike to use non-professionaI actors.
1402
02:14:28,974 --> 02:14:31,053
Wouldyou kindly explain yourmission?
1403
02:14:31,054 --> 02:14:34,054
First we will have ourhats.
1404
02:14:36,014 --> 02:14:39,014
To keep ourbrains warm.
1405
02:14:39,214 --> 02:14:42,214
Holdyourtongue.
1406
02:14:43,214 --> 02:14:45,613
Ourhats.
1407
02:14:45,614 --> 02:14:48,614
Return theirhats.
1408
02:14:54,854 --> 02:14:57,854
Now, gentlemen,
willyou please come to the point?
1409
02:14:58,094 --> 02:15:01,094
I think, on the whoIe,
professionaIs take short cuts
1410
02:15:01,254 --> 02:15:03,853
because they are concerned with cost.
1411
02:15:03,854 --> 02:15:05,733
ObviousIy, cost is important,

1412
02:15:05,734 --> 02:15:08,734
and if you're baIancing cost
against an aesthetic consideration,
1413
02:15:10,534 --> 02:15:12,853
you know, cost wins every time with pros.
1414
02:15:12,854 --> 02:15:15,373
It must do. You're in it to make money.
1415
02:15:15,374 --> 02:15:18,374
But if you're working as Kevin and Andrew work,
then the first consideration is getting it right.
1416
02:15:20,014 --> 02:15:23,014
And that's marveIIous, actuaIIy.
1417
02:15:23,814 --> 02:15:26,814
Right, gentIemen,
wouId you Iine up behind me, pIease?
1418
02:15:27,134 --> 02:15:30,134
Now we're going...
we're going over the hiII, chaps.
1419
02:15:33,214 --> 02:15:36,133
Action! Action!
1420
02:15:36,134 --> 02:15:39,134
(CIapperboard)
1421
02:15:41,134 --> 02:15:43,693
To get itright means the long, tortuous business
1422
02:15:43,694 --> 02:15:46,694
ofkeeping everyones enthusiasm going
month aftermonth,
1423
02:15:47,094 --> 02:15:50,094
with the end only dimly in sight.
1424

02:15:59,654 --> 02:16:02,173


PIease take sheIter whenever you can
1425
02:16:02,174 --> 02:16:05,174
because you are going to be thoroughIy soaked
by the end ofthe day.
1426
02:16:24,854 --> 02:16:26,933
Is it a shot you wanted to do in sunIight?
1427
02:16:26,934 --> 02:16:29,934
The thing bowIing aIong... Iow angIe.
1428
02:16:31,534 --> 02:16:34,534
- Can't we do that?
- (Sighs)
1429
02:16:42,214 --> 02:16:45,214
Quarter-past nine in the morning
and one trooper. That's fiImmaking.
1430
02:16:45,414 --> 02:16:48,414
HeIIo, Andrew. Are you receiving me? Over.
1431
02:16:50,614 --> 02:16:53,293
OK. Right.
1432
02:16:53,294 --> 02:16:56,294
WeII, we've got three peopIe in costume so far
and we're just sorting out the remaining two.
1433
02:16:59,974 --> 02:17:02,974
Over.
1434
02:17:26,334 --> 02:17:29,334
Look!
1435
02:17:30,774 --> 02:17:33,774
There's Mike. You want to see a picture of Mike.
1436
02:17:34,134 --> 02:17:36,533
That's marveIIous.

1437
02:17:36,534 --> 02:17:39,534
..He has instituted these inequalities...
1438
02:17:48,454 --> 02:17:51,454
(Laughter)
1439
02:17:56,614 --> 02:17:59,614
KEVIN: I don't think we'II resurrect
the British fiIm industry by making fiIms this way,
1440
02:18:00,694 --> 02:18:03,694
aIthough it is surprising
how many remarkabIe independent fiIms
1441
02:18:04,254 --> 02:18:06,093
are being made in this fashion,
1442
02:18:06,094 --> 02:18:09,094
many ofthem through the British FiIm Institute
Production Board.
1443
02:18:09,174 --> 02:18:12,174
But the experience is extraordinary.
1444
02:18:12,574 --> 02:18:14,933
The peopIe one works with are extraordinary.
1445
02:18:14,934 --> 02:18:17,934
And it's given us a tremendous distrust
ofthe waste of so many commerciaI pictures.
1446
02:18:19,814 --> 02:18:22,814
And one exampIe that sticks in my mind
is the spectacuIar that was made in Africa.
1447
02:18:25,014 --> 02:18:27,853
They were bringing
a number oftechnicians back,
1448
02:18:27,854 --> 02:18:30,854
and they aII decided they had to traveI

first cIass, as the union stipuIates.


1449
02:18:32,854 --> 02:18:35,854
So they aII cIimbed into the first-cIass
compartment, and the pIane couIdn't take off.
1450
02:18:37,814 --> 02:18:40,814
They asked them to spread themseIves out
in the aeropIane - 'Oh, no! First cIass.'
1451
02:18:42,174 --> 02:18:45,174
So the aeropIane stayed Iike this
and they had to wait for other fIights,
1452
02:18:47,894 --> 02:18:49,773
before they couId move.
1453
02:18:49,774 --> 02:18:52,774
And it is this kind of compIete madness
that one finds in miniature
1454
02:18:53,574 --> 02:18:55,373
in so many commerciaI pictures.
1455
02:18:55,374 --> 02:18:57,293
And which we fight against tremendousIy,
1456
02:18:57,294 --> 02:19:00,213
in making the kind of pictures
that we want to make.
1457
02:19:00,214 --> 02:19:02,893
Here we go.
Run out ofthe way, Jeff. That's gonna go.
1458
02:19:02,894 --> 02:19:05,894
OK! Turn over.
1459
02:19:09,054 --> 02:19:12,054
Amazingly, they've reached theirfinal session
without majormishap, and on budget.
1460

02:19:13,894 --> 02:19:16,894


lfyou add up all the shooting days,
its only taken seven weeks.
1461
02:19:18,214 --> 02:19:21,214
This time, they hope to distribute it themselves.
1462
02:19:21,374 --> 02:19:24,253
No doubt they'll make no money
with this film either.
1463
02:19:24,254 --> 02:19:27,254
But thats really not the object ofthe exercise.
1464
02:19:27,974 --> 02:19:30,974
They've proved
theirextraordinary capabilities twice now.
1465
02:19:31,934 --> 02:19:34,934
Lets hope it won'tbe anothereightyears
before it happens here again.
1466
02:19:35,934 --> 02:19:38,934
(Shouting and screaming)
1467
02:19:42,934 --> 02:19:44,813
More behind the fIames!
1468
02:19:44,814 --> 02:19:47,693
Behind the fIames! Look where we're pointing.
1469
02:19:47,694 --> 02:19:50,333
CIoser to the fIames.
1470
02:19:50,334 --> 02:19:53,253
And the other side ofthem from us.
1471
02:19:53,254 --> 02:19:56,253
Keep cIose to the fIames!
1472
02:19:56,254 --> 02:19:58,773
Come here with that!

1473
02:19:58,774 --> 02:20:00,813
That's about it, I think.
1474
02:20:00,814 --> 02:20:03,814
(Piper pIays)
1475
02:20:10,374 --> 02:20:13,374
(Birdsong)
1476
02:20:40,861 --> 02:20:43,861
The very Iast journey
through unfamiIiar streets,
1477
02:20:44,821 --> 02:20:47,821
past St Pancras, departure point for GIasgow,
1478
02:20:47,941 --> 02:20:50,941
bound for the Science Museum, Kensington.
1479
02:20:51,661 --> 02:20:54,660
London is seeing its first tramcar for a decade.
1480
02:20:54,661 --> 02:20:57,661
For, whiIe other cities scrap their trams,
GIasgow buiIt new ones.
1481
02:20:58,381 --> 02:21:01,340
No-one ever thought they wouId go.
1482
02:21:01,341 --> 02:21:02,980
The tramcar, in its heyday,
1483
02:21:02,981 --> 02:21:05,981
was responsibIe for pushing Victorian cities
further and further into the countryside.
1484
02:21:07,781 --> 02:21:10,500
No more ambitious network existed
than in GIasgow,
1485

02:21:10,501 --> 02:21:13,220


where trams ran 20 miIes or more,
1486
02:21:13,221 --> 02:21:16,221
where you couId traveI on from
the smoke of CIydebank to Loch Lomond itseIf.
1487
02:21:19,461 --> 02:21:22,461
GIasgow, September 1 962.
1488
02:21:22,581 --> 02:21:24,580
There's an impending sense of Ioss,
1489
02:21:24,581 --> 02:21:27,260
of desoIation in the air.
1490
02:21:27,261 --> 02:21:30,261
The tramcar is dead.
1491
02:21:42,021 --> 02:21:45,021
Over the stone setts at CopIawhiII repair works
waIk the craftsmen who buiIt the trams.
1492
02:21:48,261 --> 02:21:50,500
The men behind the scenes.
1493
02:21:50,501 --> 02:21:53,501
The men who fashioned an era.
1494
02:21:55,381 --> 02:21:58,381
Rush hour and a No.9 demonstrates
why the tram couId not survive.
1495
02:21:59,701 --> 02:22:01,460
The cars interrupt traffic fIow
1496
02:22:01,461 --> 02:22:04,461
and passengers frequentIy risked their Iives
on sIippery setts and cobbIes.
1497
02:22:05,581 --> 02:22:08,580
But the city is Iosing more than

a method oftransport.
1498
02:22:08,581 --> 02:22:10,620
It's Iosing a way of Iife.
1499
02:22:10,621 --> 02:22:13,621
For the peopIe of GIasgow,
the tram is a symboI ofthe hard years.
1500
02:22:15,461 --> 02:22:18,060
It was one ofthe few amenities
they couId afford,
1501
02:22:18,061 --> 02:22:21,061
and one ofthe few pIeasant memories
they retain.
1502
02:22:21,181 --> 02:22:24,181
Now prosperity chokes the streets
with private cars.
1503
02:22:24,701 --> 02:22:27,701
Chain stores and supermarkets
repIace IocaI industry and the IittIe shops.
1504
02:22:29,221 --> 02:22:32,221
GIasgow enters the 1 960s
at the expense of its character.
1505
02:22:37,701 --> 02:22:40,701
The Corporation
once made its own cheap eIectricity.
1506
02:22:40,781 --> 02:22:43,260
But, Iike everything eIse, running costs went up.
1507
02:22:43,261 --> 02:22:46,261
Then the onsIaught ofthe motorcar
reduced the 40 tram routes to one.
1508
02:22:48,341 --> 02:22:51,341
DieseI and troIIeybuses took over.

1509
02:22:56,941 --> 02:22:58,580
Now it's Friday night.
1510
02:22:58,581 --> 02:23:01,581
The shipyards on the CIyde
are cIosing for the weekend.
1511
02:23:02,221 --> 02:23:05,221
When the workers return,
they'II be traveIIing by bus.
1512
02:23:06,941 --> 02:23:09,820
What was the attraction ofthe tramcar?
1513
02:23:09,821 --> 02:23:12,660
The smooth, straight raiIs
gave a sense of security
1514
02:23:12,661 --> 02:23:15,100
no other vehicIe on the road couId provide.
1515
02:23:15,101 --> 02:23:17,140
A sense of cosiness, too,
1516
02:23:17,141 --> 02:23:20,141
as the passengers rattIed home
in a warm atmosphere of steamed-up windows,
1517
02:23:20,861 --> 02:23:23,861
of damp coats and mackintoshes.
1518
02:23:24,861 --> 02:23:27,861
This feeIing of home
was heightened by the friendIiness ofthe crew.
1519
02:23:28,141 --> 02:23:30,380
Some ofthe drivers were women.
1520
02:23:30,381 --> 02:23:33,220
Many cities recruited women for tram work
in the Great War.

1521
02:23:33,221 --> 02:23:36,221
GIasgow aIone retained them to the end.
1522
02:23:40,621 --> 02:23:43,621
(Roar of engine)
1523
02:23:49,141 --> 02:23:51,180
Trams came into their own at night,
1524
02:23:51,181 --> 02:23:54,020
when conventionaI traffic thinned out.
1525
02:23:54,021 --> 02:23:57,021
This is the time their crews wiII miss the most.
1526
02:24:03,461 --> 02:24:05,780
The fares were among the cheapest
in the worId,
1527
02:24:05,781 --> 02:24:08,500
and you couId traveI an amazing distance
for twopence
1528
02:24:08,501 --> 02:24:11,501
right up to the end.
1529
02:24:11,581 --> 02:24:14,581
One ofthe originaI First War women drivers
returns to the depot for a Iast visit.
1530
02:24:16,781 --> 02:24:19,260
She joined the Corporation in 1 91 6.
1531
02:24:19,261 --> 02:24:22,261
Now 73, she's stiII part of
the tramway community.
1532
02:24:25,661 --> 02:24:28,661
In 1 962, TeIstar was spinning overhead
and on the jukebox turntabIes ofthe worId.
1533

02:24:30,981 --> 02:24:33,981


TeIstar - symboI of an age
which has no pIace for the tramcar.
1534
02:24:34,861 --> 02:24:37,861
THE TORNADOS: TeIstar
1535
02:27:02,941 --> 02:27:05,740
AuchenshuggIe - the end ofthe Iine.
1536
02:27:05,741 --> 02:27:08,260
The destination bIind is changed,
1537
02:27:08,261 --> 02:27:10,780
the points are switched,
1538
02:27:10,781 --> 02:27:13,540
the seats are reversed
1539
02:27:13,541 --> 02:27:16,060
and the bow coIIector swung over the roof.
1540
02:27:16,061 --> 02:27:19,061
No.9 is ready for the return to DaImuir West.
1541
02:27:19,421 --> 02:27:21,220
Cameras Iine the route,
1542
02:27:21,221 --> 02:27:24,221
recording the moments in which the mundane
becomes the historic.
1543
02:27:30,741 --> 02:27:33,741
At the changeover point,
where the branch Iine Ieads offto the depot,
1544
02:27:34,261 --> 02:27:37,261
the crews are switched, to give them a break.
1545
02:27:37,701 --> 02:27:40,701
This may be the Iast day,
but procedure is as usuaI.

1546
02:27:44,901 --> 02:27:47,620
The badge of GIasgow Corporation Transport.
1547
02:27:47,621 --> 02:27:50,621
Now it's the turn ofthe inspectors
to be inspected.
1548
02:27:52,701 --> 02:27:55,701
The tram enthusiast was not known
in the tram's heyday.
1549
02:27:55,741 --> 02:27:58,741
He onIy attends its funeraI.
1550
02:28:00,381 --> 02:28:03,381
Lined up here are trams dating from 1 91 0.
1551
02:28:04,101 --> 02:28:07,101
For this is the nucIeus ofthe GIasgow
Corporation's Transport Museum.
1552
02:28:11,621 --> 02:28:14,621
Lined up eIsewhere
are trams destined for a different fate.
1553
02:28:15,621 --> 02:28:18,621
The scrap yards cut them down to
singIe-deckers and strip them before burning.
1554
02:28:20,061 --> 02:28:22,300
Not even the metaI is worth preserving.
1555
02:28:22,301 --> 02:28:25,301
(MiIitary-styIe drums)
1556
02:28:26,421 --> 02:28:29,421
(BeII cIangs)
1557
02:29:07,901 --> 02:29:09,980
What was the attraction ofthe tramcar?

1558
02:29:09,981 --> 02:29:12,220
A sense of cosiness
1559
02:29:12,221 --> 02:29:15,221
as the passengers rattIed home
in a warm atmosphere of steamed-up windows,
1560
02:29:16,381 --> 02:29:19,381
of damp coats and mackintoshes.
1561
02:29:20,061 --> 02:29:23,061
And this feeIing of home was heightened
by the friendIiness ofthe crew.
1562
02:29:26,221 --> 02:29:29,221
In the rest room the professionaIs stay aIoof,
disguising their feeIings,
1563
02:29:30,981 --> 02:29:33,981
for they regard themseIves as the eIite
among transport workers.
1564
02:29:34,781 --> 02:29:37,620
They have their own code,
their own set of road signaIs.
1565
02:29:37,621 --> 02:29:40,621
They wear their hats Iike guardsmen
to subtIy distinguish them from mere busmen.
1566
02:29:48,141 --> 02:29:50,260
The women have most to Iose,
1567
02:29:50,261 --> 02:29:53,261
for the Corporation
does not empIoy women bus drivers.
1568
02:29:54,061 --> 02:29:57,020
Tonight wiII bring the end oftheir worId,
1569
02:29:57,021 --> 02:30:00,021
the worId ofthe eIectric car,

bounded by the tram raiIs.


1570
02:30:02,061 --> 02:30:05,061
For beyond the depot gate
is a worId with the frontiers of space.
1571
02:30:05,901 --> 02:30:08,901
THE TORNADOS: TeIstar
1572
02:30:42,301 --> 02:30:44,780
The Iast tram out to DaImuir West.
1573
02:30:44,781 --> 02:30:47,781
Extra poIice move onto the streets.
1574
02:30:55,421 --> 02:30:58,421
At DaImarnock depot,
the tram crews are hoIding a funeraI wake.
1575
02:30:59,141 --> 02:31:02,141
(LiveIy music)
1576
02:31:09,021 --> 02:31:12,021
(Accordion drowns out speech)
1577
02:31:24,581 --> 02:31:27,581
The Iast tram.
1578
02:32:02,141 --> 02:32:05,141
(BIows horn)
1579
02:32:10,661 --> 02:32:13,460
(CommunaI singing)
1580
02:32:13,461 --> 02:32:16,461
Tonight the tram crews enjoy themseIves.
1581
02:32:16,581 --> 02:32:16,580
Tonightthetramcrewsenjoythemselves

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