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In English, the type of verb that we will be using in a sentence is determined by the
Subject –either it is singular or plural (see the Subject topic). In other words, Verbs must
agree with their Subjects in number. Singular verbs are used with singular subjects and
plural verbs go with plural subjects.
Verbs are also determined by the Adverb of Time and Adverb of Frequency ( see the
Adverb Topic).
The Adverb of Time that is associated with the Past Tenses will be:
yesterday, last (week, month, night, year, Monday, etc), ago, a while ago, just
now
The Adverb of Time that is associated with the Present Tenses will be:
today, right now, every (day, year, month, week, Monday, etc) , at this moment.
We will also use the Adverb of Frequency like always, seldom, usually, frequently with
the Present Tenses.
The Adverb of Time that is associated with the Future Tenses will be:
tomorrow, tonight, next (day, year, month, week, Monday, etc).
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SIMPLE PAST TENSE
When do we use the Simple Past tense?
• To show a completed past action when the time of the action is stated
or known.
Example: I saw them yesterday.
She cooked dinner for her family last night.
• BOTH SINGULAR AND PLURAL SUBJECTS will use the past tense form
of verb except when using ‘to be verb’. (see the chart below)
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Past Tense Verbs
Infinitive Verbs
singular subject plural subjects
eat ate ate
find found found
feed fed fed
freeze froze froze
gather gathered gathered
go went went
hide hid hid
jump jumped jumped
kick kicked kicked
laugh laughed laughed
marry married married
note noted noted
push pushed pushed
question questioned questioned
rest rested rested
swim swam swam
talk talked talked
wave waved waved
drive drove drove
study studied studied
sweep swept swept
dream dreamt dreamt
fly flew flew
buy bought bought
bring brought brought
leave left left
try tried tried
give gave gave
run ran ran
draw drew drew
do did did
prepare prepared prepared
catch caught caught
burn burnt burnt
type typed typed
cry cried cried
• we will use the word ‘did not’ and the verb is change to bare infinitive
Example: She worked in Dr Lim’s clinic last year. (positive)
She did not work in Dr Lim’s clinic last year (negative)
Note: Bare infinitive means that the verb will not have any suffixes
like -s , -ed, -en, or –ing
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EXERCISE – Simple Past Tense
Rewrite these sentences in the negative.
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PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
When do we use the Past Continuous tense?
Note: We also used this tense with words like while, when and as.
Note: We use a Past Continuous tense (for the action that was still
happening) and a Simple Past tense (for the completed
action)
• To show two separate actions happening at the same time in the past.
Example: Susan was singing while Mei Ling was playing the piano.
I was washing the dishes while my sister was dusting the
furniture.
• SINGULAR SUBJECT
was + present participle
Example: She was staying at her grandmother’s house while on
vacation.
• PLURAL SUBJECTS
were + present participle
Example: It started to rain when we were playing football.
They were preparing for their exams all day yesterday.
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EXERCISE – Past Continuous Tense
Fill in the blanks with the Past Continuous tense of the verbs in the brackets.
1. “what........... you...............(do) all yesterday afternoon?
2. She said that she.................(not imagine) things.
3. They...................(dance) while the music ..................(play).
4. He...............(take) his bath when he heard someone call him.
5. He said that he....................(paint) the walls.
6. The train...............just (pull) out from the station when we arrived.
7. The boy jumped down from the bus while it................(move).
8. Both of them..............(run) round the field. When we saw them
they ................(chase) each other.
9. The baby...................(cry) all yesterday morning and no one know how to
comfort it.
10. They ...................(whisper) to each other while the teacher...............(teach).
11. We...............busy................(prepare) dinner when he came.
12. As he...................(enter) the house, someone hit him on the head.
13. While I.................(work), my sister..................(sleep) in the room.
14. We...............(have) dinner when the lights went out.
15. He..................(wash) the car while the gardener.....................(mow) the lawn.
16. He.................(tap) his finger softly on the table as he.................(think)
17. “What.............. you................. (say) just now?” he asked. “I’m sorry I ..............
(not listen).”
18. The scouts .................. (camp) on the beach when one of them fell ill.
Fill in the Past Continuous or Simple Past tense of the verbs in the brackets.
1. A boy...................(snatch) her bag while she................(shop).
2. It....................(drizzle) when I ................... (wake) up.
3. While the boys.....................(watch) television, we............... (go) for a walk.
4. The film...........just .................(start) when I ..............(enter).
5. He..............(fall) into the sea as he................ (lean) out of the boat.
6. As they............... (pass) by the market, they.............(see) two women
quarrelling.
7. Dawn................ (break) when they .............. (come) back.
8. He ................. (recognize) me even though he.................(not wear) his
spectacles.
9. I ............. (doze) off when I ........... (feel) something cold on my hand.
10. He ............... (prepare) for bed when he .............(hear) a knock on his door.
11. As we............... (stroll) on the beach, we .............. (meet) a sailor.
12. A few boys................. (fly) kites while some................ (catch) grasshoppers in
the field.
13. At 9 o’clock last night they................ (enjoy) themselves at the party.
14. The children............... (make) a lot of noise while I ................... (try) to
concentrate on my work.
15. His shoe............... (fall) off as he..................... (kick) the ball.
16. I................ (unpack) my suitcase when I suddenly....................... (remember)
I had forgotten something.
17. When we ............... (see) them, they................. (ride) their bicycle towards
the school and ............... (seem) to be in a hurry.
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PAST PERFECT TENSE
When do we use the Past Perfect tense?
Note: We also use this tense with words like after, before, when.
We will use a Past Perfect tense for the completed first action and
a Simple Past tense for the second completed action.
Example: When + the Past Perfect tense + the Simple Past tense
After
OR
• To replace the Simple Past tense or the Present Perfect tense in Indirect
Speech.
Example: direct: He said, “I found it yesterday.”
indirect: He said he had found it the day before.
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EXERCISE – Past Perfect Tense
Fill in the blanks with the Past Perfect tense of the verbs in brackets.
Fill in the correct tense of the verbs in the brackets. Use either the Past Perfect
tense or the Simple Past tense.
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18. If you ....................(invite) her, she would have come to the party last night.
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
When do we use the Past Perfect Continuous tense?
• To show an action which was happening at a certain time in the past
and suddenly stopped because of another action was being introduced.
1. I had been driving a Toyota Corolla until I bought a new Nissan Sentra.
2. Few years ago, the farmers had been using the old methods until new
technology was introduced to them by the Agriculture Department.
1. Mr Rama .................. (take) the antibiotics for years until the doctor
prescribed him with a different medication.
2. John’s uncle................. (stay) in Australia for a decade until he moved back
to Malaysia in 1999.
3. The students ................. (use) the old computers until the school bought new
ones last month.
4. The talented artiste .................... (perform) in the show until the theatre
closed down to make way for the new building.
5. The poor people .................(live) in the squatters’ area until they were forced
to move from that place by the authority.
6. We....................... (vote) for the Independence Party for the last few years
until we knew that some party members had misused the funds and decided
to change our votes to a different party.
7. Rashid ................... (work) for a telecommunications company until he
opened his own company.
8. The engine................(operate) well for sometimes until if finally broke down
last week.
9. Mrs Indra......................(teach) at this school until she retired last month.
10. Nora.....................(support) her own niece until she got married last May.
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SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
When do we use the Simple Present tense?
• To express future action after the words ‘when’ , ‘if’ and ‘unless’.
Example: 1. When he comes tomorrow, tell him I want to see him
2. If you see him next week, give him the money please.
3. I shall not go unless they go as well.
• SINGULAR SUBJECT
Add the suffix ‘s’ or ‘es’ to the verb.
• TO BE VERB
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EXERCISE – Simple Present tense
Fill in the blanks with the Simple Present form of the verbs in brackets.
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PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
When do we use the Present Continuous tense?
• To show an action in the near future or a future action which has been
planned in advanced.
Example: He is coming back to school next week.
They are leaving for Manila tomorrow afternoon.
• NOTE:
Important verbs which are not normally used in a continuous form
include the following:
Verbs of thinking: think, know, believe, expect, forget, feel, mean,
mind, realize, recollect, understand, suppose.
Verbs of liking: like, dislike, want, wish, desire, love, hate, adore
Example:
Wrong: I am seeing a bird.
Correct: I see a bird.
• SINGULAR SUBJECT
is + present participle
Example: The child is laughing loudly.
• PLURAL SUBJECTS
are + present participle
Example: The school children are standing at the bus stop waiting
for their bus.
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EXERCISE – Present Continuous tense
Give the Present Continuous form of the verbs in the brackets.
1. The dog ................ (bark) at the two strangers who ....................... (walk)
towards the house.
2. Mr Smith ................. (smoke) a pipe while Mrs Smith .................... (clear) the
table.
3. She..................... (sew) a dress. Her sister............... (help) her.
4. I.................. (join) the Red Crescent at the beginning of next month.
5. “Which one of you................. (play) against Tom in the first match?”
6. The holidays.................... (approach). Our class.................... (organize) a trip
to Singapore.
7. My uncle................ (arrive) by plane tomorrow. We................(go) to meet him
at the airport.
8. “................ Peter and Yoke Keong ..................(take) part in the Big Walk?”
9. Your little brother ............... always .............(ask) questions.
10. The sun............. (rise). The fishermen ................ (return) to the shore with
their catch.
11. The bird ............. (hop) from branch to branch. Look! It............. (fly) away
now.
12. .............. he............. (meet) us at Rudy’s house tomorrow?
13. It............ (rain). Everyone .............. (run) for shelter.
14. Cheng Yong ............... (knit) a sweater while she...................(wait) for her
taxi.
15. The ants ............... (crawl) up the wall. They ............. (carry) a small crumb of
bread.
Fill in the blanks with the Present Continuous tense of the verbs in brackets.
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PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
When do we use the Present Perfect tense?
• To show an action that has taken place recently. It is used with adverbs
like just and recently.
• SINGULAR SUBJECTS
has + past participle
Example: It has been a great day.
She has worked here for 5 years.
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9. “It’s too late. I.................. already................ (send) the letter,” he said.
10. “Who.............(call) since I was out?”
11. He.............. not............. (say) a word since he came in.
He................always............... (be) a very talkative person.
12. “.............you................. (notice) any change in her lately?”
13. I.............. (meet) him several times but I............... never.............. (speak) to
him.
14. “Look! Someone ............. (enter) our compound and ............. (leave) the gate
open.”
15. ............... she................ (throw) the book away? I................. (not see) it for a
long time.
16. They............... recently............. (visit) Thailand but they........... not...........
(tour) Malaysia yet.
17. “The room ................ (be ransacked). Someone.............. (steal) all my
savings!” he wailed.
18. She............. never.............. (taste) mangoes. Neither .............. she...........
(see) one before.
19. The sun................just...............(set).
20. The dishes................. (not be washed) yet.
21. “.............. he.............. (return) your book?”
22. Mrs Tan .............. just................ (ring) up to say her car .............. (break)
down.
23. “What..............they.............(bring)?”
24. The table ................ (be pushed) to that corner.
25. The letter............... (be written) but she.................(not post) it yet.
26. “............... you.................(see) Mary anywhere? I...............(look) everywhere
but I can’t find her.”
27. He.............. (be) late for work every day for the past week.
28. The price of flour................(go) down since May last year.
29. “Which of you............... (do) this?” he asked.
30. ............... the floor................(be swept) yet?
31. Mr Fisher.................. (brush) his teeth but he............... (not shave) yet.
32. He.............. never.............(eat) curry before. He.............. just (taste) it and he
likes it.
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PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE
When do we use the Present Perfect Continuous tense?
• SINGULAR SUBJECT
has been + present participle
Example: He has been painting since breakfast.
16
SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
When do we use the Simple Future tense?
• ‘Going To’ form is used to show a future action which has been planned
in advance.
Example: I am going to wear my new blue dress tomorrow.
They are going to study in Australia this month.
• ‘Going To’ form is also used to show a future action that is certain to
happen.
Example: The sky is dark. It is going to rain soon.
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13. She............. (bake) a cake for the party tomorrow.
FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
When do we use the Future Continuous tense?
• To show a future action without intention, an action that has Not been
specially planned.
Example: That tree will be bearing fruit soon.
• To show an action that began from the past and continue on until it is
completed at a given time in the future.
Example: By 2005 I will have been teaching for fifteen years.
Mr Lim will have been managing the company for ten
years this coming March.
Rose will have been directing the play for exactly a year
on this coming December 15th.
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Example: By 2003 the company will have been using all new
equipment.
EXERCISE – Future Continuous and Future Perfect Tenses
Fill in the blanks with the Future Continuous or the Future Perfect tense.
1. He................. (pass) this way again, but you.................. (leave) by the time
he does.
2. Ah Chong............. (go) to the cinema when you reach his house.
3. By the time I return home, the house............. (be cleaned).
4. I............. (visit) you when I am free.
5. All our things............... (be) packed by the time you come to drive us to Aunt
Nora’s house.
6. He.............. (mend) your bicycle by the time you come for it.
7. I............... (complete) the exercise by nine o’clock tonight.
8. We................ (pant) for breath by the time we reach the top of the hill.
9. By noon I.............. (sew) the whole dress.
10. At this time tomorrow they................ (come) back from Australia.
11. I............. (return) home by the time she arrives.
12. Tuck Heng .............. (play) for our team in future.
13. The little boy............... (learn) to read soon.
14. By tomorrow morning we ............... (arrive) at Ford City.
15. I............. (type) all the letters by the time the bell rings.
16. John ............... (wait) for Kenny but Kenny .............. (reach) home by then.
17. Her mother ................ (stay) up all night till she returns.
18. I................. (paint) the fence while you............. (enjoy) yourself at the fair.
19. He............... (drive) to Port Leon tonight.
20. While they are fixing the roof, I ................ (paint) the fence.
21. By the time you wake up, I................. (work).
22. You will notice her easily. She .............. (wear) a bright red dress.
23. The show...............(end) by the time we decide to go.
24. By the end of the term we................ (complete) our work.
25. The race................. (finish) before you even switch on the television.
26. When we reach the summit, we.................(climbing) a thousand feet.
27. When I finish reading this book, I ............. (complete) reading the whole
series.
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28. She will come in the evening. She ............. (have) a good rest by then.
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