4/25/2014

Student: Birgauan Catalin Alexandru

MSc in Civil Engineering | Universities at Medway (DHL

U!"#E$S" %& '( )$EE!*"

$"S+ "DE!%"("C,%"'! ,!D $E)"S%E$

Coursework Header Sheet 210243-26

Course Course+or! 1utor

CIVI1021: Analysis and Man of is! in C" Assign,ent 1 2 C$en

Course S#$ool%&e'el Assess,ent -eig$t Su3,ission 4eadline

"(%)* .0/000 2.%04%2014

Course+or! is re#ei5ted on t$e understanding t$at it is t$e student6s o+n +or! and t$at it $as not7 in +$ole or 5art7 3een 5resented else+$ere for assess,ent/ -$ere ,aterial $as 3een used fro, ot$er sour#es it $as 3een 5ro5erly a#!no+ledged in a##ordan#e +it$ t$e 8ni'ersity6s egulations regarding C$eating and )lagiaris,/

000624192 Tutor's comments

Grade Awarded___________ For Office Use Only__________ Moderation re uired! yes/no Tutor______________________

Final Grade_________ "ate _______________

Contents

Ai, 1$e ai, of t$is re5ort is to 5ro'ide an assess,ent of ris! ,anage,ent and related te#$ni:ues in t$e #ontext of #onstru#tion 5ro;e#t life #y#le/ Is not s5e#iali<ed on t$e ,at$e,ati#s of ris! analysis7 3ut it #an 3e used as a referen#e to tunnel #onstru#tion of #i'il engineering 5ro;e#ts/ Introdu#tion 1$e +ord =ris!> deri'es fro, t$e &atin risicare, =to dare>7 #learly ta!ing t$e ,essage t$at t$e ris! is a #$oi#e rat$er t$an a fate/ &oo!ing 3a#! into $istory7 around first ,illenniu, and 3eyond7 ,any 3elie'ed t$at t$e order of t$ings +as 5redestined and not$ing anyone did +ould #$ange +$at +as fated to $a55en/ ?ne of t$e funda,ental #on#e5ts of ris! ,anage,ent is t$at indi'iduals and t$eir de#isions t$ey ta!e do ,atter and do ,a!e a differen#e/ 1unnels are dug in ty5es of ,aterials 'arying fro, soft #lay to $ard ro#!/ 1$e ,et$od of tunnel #onstru#tion de5ends on su#$ fa#tors as t$e ground #onditions7 t$e ground +ater #onditions7 t$e lengt$ and dia,eter of t$e tunnel dri'e7 t$e de5t$ of t$e tunnel7 t$e logisti#s of su55orting t$e tunnel ex#a'ation7 t$e final use and s$a5e of t$e tunnel and a55ro5riate ris! ,anage,ent/ 1$ere are t$ree 3asi# ty5es of tunnel #onstru#tion in #o,,on use:

Cut-and-#o'er tunnels7 #onstru#ted in a s$allo+ tren#$ and t$en #o'ered o'er/ Bored tunnels7 #onstru#ted in situ7 +it$out re,o'ing t$e ground a3o'e/ 1$ey are usually of #ir#ular or $orses$oe #ross-se#tion/ I,,ersed tu3e tunnels7 sun! into a 3ody of +ater and sit on7 or are 3uried ;ust under7 its 3ed/

&oo!ing at t$e ,any #onstru#tion ty5es used in tunnel +or!s7 a ris! identifi#ation ,ust 3e #arried out in order to esta3lis$ t$e stages of ris! ,anage,ent t$at ,ust 3e underta!en/ 1$e identifi#ation list is usually #o,5iled fro, t$ree ,ain te#$ni:ues7 alt$oug$ ot$er 5ossi3ilities ,ay exist for t$e 5arti#ular 5ro;e#ts/ 1$erefore a tunnel 3oring ,a#$ines @1BMsA and asso#iated 3a#!-u5 syste,s are used to $ig$ly auto,ate t$e entire tunnelling 5ro#ess7 redu#ing tunnelling #osts and ris!s/ In #ertain 5redo,inantly ur3an a55li#ations7 tunnel 3oring is 'ie+ed as :ui#! and #ost effe#ti'e alternati'e to laying surfa#e rails and roads/ "x5ensi'e #o,5ulsory 5ur#$ase of 3uildings and land7 +it$ 5otentially lengt$y 5lanning in:uiries7 is eli,inated/ "'en +it$ t$is ,et$od ta!en on-3oard 5ossi3le sour#es of ris! are ine'ita3le/ An exa,5le of #$e#!list is gi'en 3elo+ 3y @S,it$7 2003A: Ma;or #ategories of sour#es of ris!s: Client%go'ern,ent% regulatory agen#ies Bunding% fis#al 4efinition of 5ro;e#t )ro;e#t organisation 4esign Constru#tion ,aterials Constru#tion la3our % #onstru#tion 5lant &ogisti#s "sti,ating 4ata Inflation ates

&o#al #onditions )er,anent 5lant su55ly Constru#tion #ontra#tors

"x#$ange ates Bor#e Ma;eure

4is#rete sour#es of ris! ,ostly arises during design 5ro#essC

13 23 13 23 ,de./acy t0 1eet need 23 E56erience/ c016etence 07 design 0rganisati0n 43 E77ectiveness 07 c00rdinati0n8 9etween design 077ices 9etween c0ntract0r:s design and client/ c0ns/lting designDegree 07 n0velty 13 ,66r06riateness 07 design8 23 %0 l0gistics and access 23 %0 cli1ate %0 1aintaina4ility %0 06era4ility $ealis1 07 de1ands 0n c0nstr/cti0n S 0/ndness 07 design data $ealis1 07 design 6r0gra11e8 "n relati0n t0 design res0/rces "n relati0n t0 c0nstr/cti0n needs "n relati0n t0 s6ecial re./ire1ents Li;eli<00d 07 design c<ange

Constru#tion ris! ele,ents &oo!ing a3o'e +e #an see t$at different #onstru#tion 5ro;e#ts $a'e 'arying degree of ris!s/ 1$erefore is t$e res5onsi3ility of t$e #onstru#tion 5ro;e#t tea, to identify t$e ris!7 to ty5e t$e ris!7 identify its o##urren#e7 i,5a#t7 se'erity7 its fre:uen#y7 and t$en to de'elo5 a ,itigation strategy to ,ini,i<e t$e i,5a#t of t$e e'ent/ In #on#lusion7 de'elo5ing a tunnelling #onstru#tion ris! ,anage,ent 5ro#ess ,ust $a'e a logi#al a55roa#$ in deter,ining exa#tly +$at t$e ris! e'ent is and $o+ it ,ay i,5a#t t$e #onstru#tion 5ro;e#t/ 1y5es of is! is! e'ents #an 3e di'ided into grou5s as 5re'iously de,onstrated/ Also t$ey #an 3e di'ided as 5ure or insura3le ris! in +$i#$ only a loss #an result7 and 3usiness ris! in +$i#$ 5rofit or loss #an result/ 4uring t$e identifi#ation of t$e ris!7 t$e ,anage,ent tea, ,ust #learly #lassify t$e #ategory of t$e ris! e'ent7 so 5ro5er ,itigation strategy is ado5ted on t$e 5ro;e#t/

Risk Importance
Llikelihood Fre uent 'ro&a&le Occasional (emote )m#ossi&le Consequence Scale . 4 3 2 1 Catastro#hic Critical . 4 2. 20 20 16 1. 12 10 D . 4 Serious 3 1. 12 E 6 3 Mar$inal 2 10 D 6 4 2 %e$li$i&le 1 . 4 3 2 1

)ro3a3ility ?n#e t$e ris! e'ent $as 3een identified a 5ro3a3ility of its o##urren#e ,ust 3e esta3lis$ed/ 1$e 5ro3a3ility #an 3e su3;e#ti'e o3;e#ti'ely #reated 3y t$e ris! e'aluators/ 1$e 5ro3a3ility #an 3e des#ri3ed in se'eral +ays/ 1$e s#ale also s$ould 3e used in deter,ining $o+ 5ro3a3ility #an7 and often does7 #$ange as t$e 5ro;e#t ,o'es t$roug$ its life #y#le/ 1$erefore

#ontinuous e'aluation of 5ro3a3ility is re:uired sin#e internal and external fa#tors related to t$e 5ro;e#t +ill influen#e t$e rating/

Typical scale for likelihood/ probability Description Frequent Probable Occasional Remote Impossible !/ "R #$#ILIT% Guidance &i!ely to o##ur fre:uently7 ,any ti,es during t$e 5eriod #on#ern7 e/g/ 5ro;e#t duration7 life of t$e 3uilding Se'eral ti,es in t$e 5eriod of #on#ern/ So,eti,e in t$e 5eriod of #on#ern/ 8nli!ely 3ut 5ossi3le in t$e 5eriod of #on#ern7 e/g/ on#e in ten ti,es t$e life of t$e 3uilding/ So unli!ely t$at it #an 3e assu,ed t$at it +ill not o##ur or it #annot o##ur LIKELIH Scale . 4 3 2 1 Probability 100%1 10%1 1%1 1%101 1%1001

Description Catastrophic Critical Serious Mar inal !e li ible

Typical scale for consequence C &SE'(E&CE Guidance 4eat$7 syste, loss7 #ri,inal guilt7 3an!ru5t#y ?##u5ation t$reatening in;ury or illness7 ,a;or da,age7 su3stantial da,ages7 di'idend at ris!/ &ost ti,e in;ury or illness da,age #ausing do+n ti,e of 5lant7 re:uires an insuran#e #lai, In;ury or illness re:uiring first aid at +or! only7 ,inor da,age t$at #an a+ait routine ,aintenan#e7 only re:uire an a5ology letter/ As ,inor as to 3e regarded as +it$out #onse:uen#e/

Scale . 4 3 2 1

Probability F100V F10V F1V FV%10 FV%100

I,5a#t After t$e e'ent is identified7 along +it$ a 5ro3a3ility of its o##urren#e7 t$e i,5a#t of t$e e'ent is t$en deter,ined/ Con#ei'a3ly t$ere ,ay3e nu,erous i,5a#ts to any one ris! e'ent/ "a#$ indi'idual i,5a#t ,ust 3e assessed and gi'en a le'el of i,5a#t rating to t$e 5ro;e#t/ )ro;e#t ris! i,5a#t ,ust t$oug$t of in ter,s of #ost i,5a#t7 s#$edule i,5a#t and :uality of +or! 5erfor,an#e/

Risk Cost
Llikelihood Fre uent 'ro&a&le Occasional (emote )m#ossi&le Consequence Catastro#hic Cost/"robability F100V 100%1 10000V%1 10%1 1000V%1 1%1 100V%1 1%101 10V%1 1%1001 V%1 Critical F10V 1000V%1 100V%1 10V%1 V%1 V%101 Serious FV 100V%1 10V%1 V%1 V%101 V%1001 Mar$inal FV%10 10V%1 V%1 V%101 V%1001 V%10001 %e$li$i&le FV%10 V%1 V%101 V%1001 V%10001 V%100001

Se'erity Based on t$e identified ris! e'ent its o##urren#e 5ro3a3ility7 and it>s 'arious 5ossi3le i,5a#tsC a 5ro;e#t se'erity rating is t$en #al#ulated for ea#$ ris! e'ent/ 1$e o'erall 5ro;e#t se'erity is t$en #al#ulated for ea#$ ris! e'ent/ 1$e o'erall 5ro;e#t se'erity le'el #al#ulation 'aries in a55li#ation $o+e'er7 t$e ,ost #o,,on #al#ulating 3eing a ,ulti5li#ation of t$e ris! ele,ent 5ro3a3ilities @5ro3a3ility of t$e e'ent o##urren#e ,ulti5lied 3y its i,5a#t rating G se'erity le'el to t$e 5ro;e#tA/

Mitigation In #onstru#tion industry ris! e'ents are identified and t$eir se'erity ran!ed fro, 3iggest to lo+est7 so ,itigation strategy are t$en de'elo5ed/ As a #o,,on rule7 t$ree ,itigation strategies are de'elo5ed for $ig$ ris! se'erity ris! e'ents7 t+o for ,ediu, ris! e'ents and at least one for a lo+-le'el ris! i,5a#t to t$e 5ro;e#t/ 1$ere a t$ree 3asi# ris! ,itigation strategies ignoring t$e #ase +ere no #onsideration is needed/

)iti*ation Strate*ies +Risk Responses, $d-ised

8na##e5ta3le 8ndesira3le A##e5ta3le (egligi3le Intolera3le7 ,ust 3e eli,inated or transferred 1o 3e a'oided if reasona3ly 5ra#ti#al7 detailed in'estigation needed/ Can 3e a##e5ted 5ro'ided t$e ris! is ,anaged (o furt$er #onsideration needed

1o a##e5t t$e ris! e'ent and its i,5a#t to t$e 5ro;e#t a is! In$erent 2eat Ma5 #an 3e 3uilt as follo+s:

Risk $cceptability
Catastro#hic Llikelihood Fre uent 'ro&a&le Occasional (emote )m#ossi&le 8na##e5ta3le 8na##e5ta3le 8na##e5ta3le 8ndesira3le 8ndesira3le Critical Serious Mar$inal %e$li$i&le 8na##e5ta3le 8na##e5ta3le 8ndesira3le 8ndesira3le 8na##e5ta3le 8ndesira3le 8ndesira3le A##e5ta3le 8ndesira3le 8ndesira3le A##e5ta3le A##e5ta3le 8ndesira3le A##e5ta3le A##e5ta3le (egligi3le A##e5ta3le A##e5ta3le (egligi3le (egligi3le

2a<ard Identifi#ation 1$e ,anage,ent of ris! 5ro#ess is initiali<ed 3y first identifying t$e 5ossi3le ris!s e'ent during #onstru#tion/ 1$e identifi#ation 5ro#ess s$ould 3e 5erfor,ed not only during t$e #on#e5tual 5$ase7 3ut it is an ongoing analysis t$oug$ t$e +$ole life #y#le of t$e 5ro;e#t/ It is ne#essary t$at all le'els of ,anage,ent s$ould $a'e t$e essential 3asi# #on#e5ts of t$e ris! ,anage,ent 5ro#ess and to a55ly t$is !no+ledge during e'ery 5$ase of t$e #onstru#tion 5ro;e#t/ Bro, 5reli,inary design to o5erational use of t$e 5ro;e#t all le'els of ,anage,ent ,ust #ontinually identify 5ossi3le ris! e'ents/ 1$e follo+ing 5age +ill #o,5rise t$e 5ossi3le $a<ards in tunnelling at different 5$ases of t$e #onstru#tion/

"lannin* Ris" Re# Short Description )1 )2 )3 )4 ). )6 )9 )D )E )10 )11 )12 )13 )14 )1. )16 )19 )1D Ad'an#e rate not a#$ie'ed Mo3ili<ation ti,e not a'aila3le Coal ,ines 2ealt$ and safety Constru#ta3ility )oor 5lanning egulations i,5osing te#$ni#al ,odifi#ations &ogisti#al li,itations ?3taining insuran#e &a#! of #o,,uni#ations 8nrealisti# s#$edule C$anges during t$e #ontra#t 4elays due to traffi# ,anage,ent and lane #losures )ro;e#t not fully funded )oliti#ally dri'en a##elerated s#$edule )er,it agen#y a#tions #ause unex5e#ted delays )u3li# o3;e#tions Inflation and ot$er ,ar!et for#es
41 42 43 44 4. 46 49 4D 4E 410 411 412 413 414 41. 416 419

!esi*n
Ris" Re# Short Description
&i,ited s$aft lay do+n areas Ade:uate nu,3er of s$afts and lo#ation Ade:uate s5a#e and #onditions for laun#$ing 5ad 2ealt$ and safety Contradi#tory or un#lear s5e#ifi#ations Co5y-5aste ,ista!es Inade:uate $andling of +ater #onditions 8na#$ie'a3le toleran#es Conser'ati'e design -rong design of soil su55ort syste,s -rong #on'ersion of units -rong te#$nology ado5ted In#o,5lete :uantity esti,ates Insuffi#ient design analysis Co,5lex $ydrauli# features Sur'eys in#o,5lete Ina##urate assu,5tions during t$e 5lanning 5$ase

Site in-esti*ation
Ris" Re# Short Description

S1 Met$ane S2 Misinter5retation of t$e geology Construction S3 Ar#$aeologi#al ,aterial found Ris" Re# Short Description S4 Bursting ground S. 2ealt$ and safety C1 A##ident to +or!ers S6 ?5en #ut sta3ility C2 &i,ited +or!ing areas inside tunnel S9 Conta,inated ground C3 Mu#! $andling and dis5osal/ SD Conta,inated ground+ater C4 2ealt$ and safety SE 4elay in o3taining utility sur'ey )ollution of ground+ater +it$ grouting o5eration or ot$er S10 4efining ground #onditions C. ,eans S11 2ea'y ground C6 Contra#tor ex5erien#e and #a5a3ility S12 "xisting utilities S13 Sur'ey error C9 )oor :uality #ontrol HA%HC S14 2a<ardous +aste CD 4elays in ,aterial su55ly and t$e 1BM CE )ro3le,s #o,5leting final interior lining peration C10 4elay in o3tain 5er,its Ris" Re# Short Description C11 e+or! ?1 2ealt$ and safety C12 oof #olla5se ?2 "n'irno,ental i,5a#t fro, usage C13 4iffi#ult ground #ontrol ?3 Ca'e-ins C14 "n'iron,ental i,5a#t fro, 3lasting +ere ne#essary ?4 *as ex5losions C1. Bire ?. Ve$i#le #ollisions C16 S+elling ground ?6 C$e,i#al lea!age C19 free flo+ of +ater ?9 "le#tro#ution C1D 1BM asse,3ly 5ro3le,s ?D Bires ?E Bloods C1E 1BM 3earing failure ?10 Bu,es C20 ina3ility to rea#t to unforeseen ground #onditions C21 &a3our dis5utes C22 8nanti#i5ated o3stru#tions C23 -ater inflo+s C24 &arger settle,ents t$an ex5e#ted

KE%. ")/"ro0ect )ana*er1 CT/Contractor1 !es/!esi*ner1 Client1 SC 2 subcontractor

$"S+ $E)"S%E$ = Undergr0/nd w0r; (%/nnel

4ate: 2. A5ril 2014 is! 4es#ri5tion e'ision: Birst Aut$ors$i5: Birgauan Catalin Alexandru A55ro'al: A55ro'ed

(o/

is! 4etails

Assess,ent

Assess,ent Binan#ial is!

?+ner 1

&i!ely Mitigation A#tion

Conse:

Assess Allo+ 100 #ontingen#y fee7 so t$at t$ere +ill 3e de,and in t$e ,ar!et at t$e ti,e of 3id/ 1$is a#tion s$ould 3e ta!en during t$e 5ro#ure,ent 5ro#ess 3y Client e5resentati 'e 8nderta!e standard 5ro#ure,ent 5ro#ess 3y ad'ertising t$e 5ro;e#t7 or $a'e an o5en 3id for 5arternes$i5s /

&i!ely

Conse:

Assess

>L,!!"!)
1ender a,ount 3y #ontra#tors in'ited for #onstru#tion is ,u#$ $ig$er t$an 5ro5osed 3udget of t$e #lient

1/1

1ender a,ount ex#eeding 5ro5osed 3udget

Client

. 100%1 Bre:/

4 F10V Criti#al

20 F1000V%1 8na##e5/

2 1%101 e,/

3 F1V Serious

6 FV%101 A##e5t/

Client

1/2

&a#! of ade:uate 3idders

&a#! of ade:uate 3idders resulting fro, i,5ro5er 5ro#ure,ent regulation

Client

4 100%1 Bre:

2 F10V Serious

D F1000V%1 8na##e5

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

2 F1I%1 A##e5t

Cont/% 2S"

1/3

I,5ro5er e'aluation of ris!

An internal @exe#uti'eA inde5endent te#$ni#al re'ie+ +as #ondu#ted and t$e ris! le'el +as rated $ig$/ It +ill re,ain at t$e ti,e of t$e 5ro5osal offering/ 4elays #an arise fro, la3our dis5utes 3et+een ad,inistratio n and a#tions 3y #i'il grou5s/ So,e delays #an deri'ed fro, #$anges in 5oli#y of #ontra#tors or #lients/

Client% Contr#/

4 100%1 Bre:

2 F10I Serious

D F1000!%1 8na##e5

4elays in starting 5ro;e#t 1/4

)M/

4 100%1 Bre:

2 F10I Serious

D F1000!%1 8na##e5

4eter,ine if ste5s #an 3e ta!en to redu#e t$e design ris!s/ 4e'elo5 #ontain,ent a#tions and o3tain senior ,anage,ent a55ro'al/ 4elay early 3id su3,ittal ris! fa#tor #$ange/ e,ind t$e 5ro;e#t tea, is not ,onitoring t$e s#$edule and re,ind t$e tea, t$e signifi#an#e of t$is a#ti'ity/ Senior 5ro;e#t ,anager s$ould 5erfor, a 5ro;e#t u5date +it$ all #ontra#ted 5arties to deter,ine 5ro;e#t status/ 4ee5 in'estigation

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

2 F1I%1 A##e5t

Cont/% 2S"

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

2 F1I%1 A##e5t

)M

1/. )oliti#al issues (e+ la+s affe#ting t$e

Client

4 100%1 Bre: 2 F10I

D F1000!%1 8na##e5

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

Client 2 F1I%1

de'elo5,ent of t$e 5ro;e#t

Serious

of #urrent and future la+s 3y a legal tea, igorous sele#tion of t$e 5ersonnel to sele#t a suita3le leader for t$e 5ro;e#t/ 1$is de#ision s$ould 3e ta!en during/ 4e'elo5 a state,ent of +or! +it$ t$e senior design ,anage,ent and t$en re'ie+ t$is do#u,ent +it$ t$e o+ner to o3tain a55ro'al/ 1$e S?s$ould 3e at ,ini,u, address ti,e7 #ost and :uality o3;e#ti'es/

A##e5t

)oor leaders$i5 of t$e 5ro;e#t leader

e5eated delays 3e#ause of de#isions not 3een ,ade on ti,e

1/6

)M

4 100%1 Bre:

2 F10I Serious

D F1000!%1 8na##e5

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

2 F1I%1 A##e5t

)M

S#o5e of +or!

A state,ent of +or! @S?-A des#ri5tion of ser'i#es does not exist

1/9

)M

4 100%1 Bre:

2 F10I Serious

D F1000!%1 8na##e5

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1V Marg

2 F1V%1 A##e5t

)M

Co,,uni#at ion 5lan +it$ #lient

1/D

1$e #lient $as ,ulti5le di'isions and% or de5art,ents in'ol'ed in t$e 5ro;e#t7 $o+e'er o'erall 5ro;e#t #lient o+ners$i5 is not #lear/

)M

4 100%1 Bre:

2 F10V Serious

D F1000V%1 8na##e5

e:uest a ,eeting +it$ all 5ossi3le ,e,3ers of t$e #lient>s ,anage,ent tea, and esta3lis$ #lient o+ners$i5/ "nsure t$e o+ner>s staff is a##ounta3le7 $as re5os a3ility for de#ision,a!ing and $as a3ility to a#t on #lient>s 3e$alf/ Constant #olla3orati'e +or! 3et+een t$e #lient and t$e 5lanning tea,/ Condu#t a 5ro5osal ris! assuran#e and do#u,ents t$e results/ Condu#t a :uality assess,ent

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1V Marg

2 F1V%1 A##e5t

)M

8nex5e#ted #$anges to t$e 5ro;e#t 1/E

)ro;e#t ,anager not a3le to understand t$e re:uire,ents of t$e #lient A 5re #ontra#t 5ro5osal ris! assuran#e re'ie+ +as not 5erfor,ed 3y t$e 5ro;e#t tea,

)M

4 100%1 Bre:

2 F10V Serious

D F1000V%1 8na##e5

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1V Marg

2 F1V%1 A##e5t

)M

1/10

is! assess,ent analysis J also a55li#a3le for insuran#e 5ur5oses/

)M

4 100%1 Bre: 2 F10V Serious

D F1000V%1 8na##e5

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1V Marg

)M 2 F1V%1 A##e5t

or a55ro'ed 3y senior ,anage,ent and7 t$e 5ro;e#t $as 3een a##e5ted/

re'ie+ of t$e 5ro;e#t/ 4o not exe#ute any 5art of t$e #ontra#t until t$e ris! 5ro5osal assuran#e re'ie+ $as 3een #o,5leted and re'ie+ 3y senior design ,anage,ent and insuran#e #o,5any/ ?3tain an international ex5ert7 or fir,7 to 'erify design re:uire,ents / Verify t$at any international su3#ontra#t to aid t$e design tea, $as a55ro5riate li#en#e% 5er,its used in international design/

4esign 5erfor,an#e issues

1/11

"x5orting design re:uire,ents are un#lear or $a'e not 3een re'ie+ed 3y a 5rofessional in international design

)M

4 100%1 Bre:

2 F10V Serious

D F1000V%1 8na##e5

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1V Marg

2 F1V%1 A##e5t

)M

S"%E "!#ES%"),%"'!
1/4a,age to tunnel lining 2/Colla5s of tunnel 3/4a,age to B" 4/Interru5ton of +or! 1/Surfa#e run off 2/4y!e le'el &1 design flood -& 3/Bailure of dy!e 4/(o early +arning syste, ./Insuffi#ient e,ergen#y res5onse and res#ue 1/Sand lenses or sandy layers +it$ lo+ or no #o$esion at to5 of tunnel ex#a'ation 2/(on #o$esi'e loose soil 3/Co$esi'e soil +it$ $ig$ s+elling 1/Seis,i# design 2/",ergen#y res5onse 5lan 3/",ergen#y e'a#uation drill 4/Insuran#e 1/I,5le,ent Blood is! Control Measures 2/C$e#!%,ai ntenan#e of ris! #ontrol ,easures 3/A+areness 4/ /",ergen#y e'a#uation drills 1/A'oid se,i-o5en ,ade +it$in non-#o$esi'e soil 2/*round and to5 treat,ent 3/Measures of settle,ent redu#tion 4/ ealation 3t+ #utter $ead rotation and 'elo#ity

2/1

"art$:ua!e

Client

4 100%1 Bre:

2 F10I Serious

D F1000!%1 8na##e5

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

2 F1I%1 A##e5t

Contr% su3#on

2/2

Blooding inside tunnelling due to #lose +ater ta3le

Client

3 10%1 )ro3

3 F100I Crit#

E F1000!%1 8na##e5

1 0/1%1 e,

1 F1I Marg

1 F0/1I% 1 A##e5t

Client% Cont/

2/3

Soil )ro3le,s

Client %

3 10%1 )ro3

4 1000I Catas

12 F10000! %1 8na##e5

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

2 F1I%1 A##e5t

Cont/% Client

index 4/Ba#e #o,5letely in soft ground ./Mixed fa#e #onditions 6/Signifi#ant strengt$ differen#e 3t+ ,aterials at ex#a'ation fa#e

of stro!e ./Condition of soil +it$in #utter $ead #$a,3er 6/4e#rease of fa#e 5ressure 9/1reat,ent in #ase of 'ery unfa'oura3le ground #onditions D/Controlla3l e o'er #utter "xtensi'e sur'eying of t$e in$a3itants of t$e #o,,unities 5rior +or!s start/

2/4

&o#al #o,5laining due en'iron,ent al issues 3roug$t 3y 5ro;e#t

&o#al #o,,unities o55osition to t$e #onstru#tion 5lans due en'iron,ent al #on#erns

Client

3 10%1

2 1V

6 10V%1

2 1%1

1 1V%10

2 V%101

4uring Site In'estigation

2/. 2ealt$ 5ro3le,s due $ar,ful #onta,inants 8n!no+n 5olluted air% +ater or ground in t$e #onstru#tion site

Contr

4 100%1 Bre:

2 F10I Serious

D F1000!%1 8na##e5

Site in'estigators ,ust a55roa#$ t$e site at first ti,e +it$ #aution and 5rote#ti'e e:ui5,ent/ 1$e rig$t #aution ,et$ods

1 1%101

1 1V%10

1 V%1001

4uring Site In'estigation

,ust 3e ado5ted for safe re,o'al and dis5osal of #onta,inants / Misinter5ret ation of t$e geology % +rong geote#$ni#al data 8se of ex5erien#ed geote#$ni#al engineers +it$ ade:uate e:ui5,ent and training/ 8se tea,s t$at +or!ed 3efore in 5re'ious #ases/ Ma!e sure so,e feed3a#! is o3tain fro, 5re'ious #lients/ In-dee5 site in'estigation if sus5i#ion of near3y $istori#al <ones/

":ui5,ent used not t$e ade:uate for t$e assess,ent of t$e land/ Contr 4 100%1 Bre: 2 F10I Serious D F1000!%1 8na##e5

2/6

4uring Site In'estigation

1%101 1V%10 V%1001

2/9

Ar#$aeologi #al ,aterial found

Ar#$eologi# al ite,s lo#ated during t$e ex#a'ation 5ro#ess #ausing t$e a#ti'ities to sto5

Contr

4 100%1 Bre:

2 F10I Serious

D F1000!%1 8na##e5

1 1%101

2 1V

2 V%101

4uring Site In'estigati

4elays due dangerous ex5losi'es fro, 5ast +ars on t$e ex#a'ation site/ 2/D Buried ex5losi'es Contr

4 100%1 Bre:

2 F10I Serious

D F1000!%1 8na##e5

1$oroug$ site $istory re'ie+ and on site in'estigation to a55ro'e t$at t$e site is safe to +or! on it/ 8se trained s5e#ialists to deter,ine t$e li!eli$ood of finding ex5losi'es on site/

2
4uring Site In'estigation

1%101

1V

V%101

2/E

2ealt$ and safety

2ealt$ and safety of sur'eyors #ould 3e at ris! +$en tou#$ing #onta,inate d land or +ater/ 2a<ardous +aste #ould 3e in t$e ground +$i#$ +ould trigger diseases/

Contr

4 100%1 Bre:

2 F10I Serious

D F1000!%1 8na##e5

Site in'estigators ,ust a55roa#$ t$e site at first ti,e +it$ #aution and 5rote#ti'e e:ui5,ent/ Huantitati'e sa,5les +ould 3e raised fro, t$e ground to esta3lis$ any #onta,inatio n in t$e ground

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

2 F1I%1 A##e5t

Cont/% Client

DES")!
1$e 5ro;e#t design lead7 +$i#$ is t$e 5erson res5onsi3le for t$e dayto-day ,anage,ent of t$e 5ro;e#t 7 is unassigned at ti,e of a+ard of design tea, ?3tain #o,,it,ent fro, senior ,anage,ent to assign an ex5erien#ed 5ro;e#t design leadi,,ediately/ 4o#u,ent +$o +ill identify resour#es and +$en t$ey +ill 3e a55lied to t$e 5ro;e#t/ e'ie+ +it$ t$e o+ner t$eir res5onsi3iliti es in identifying s#o5e of +or! and t$e 5ro;e#t assu,5tions and de5enden#ie s to+ard a su##essful #onstru#tion 5ro;e#t/ Condu#t an o+ner readiness assess,ent/ S$are t$e results +it$ t$e o+ner

3/1

Internal ex5erien#e of design tea,

Client

4 100%1 Bre:

2 F10I Serious

D F1000!%1 8na##e5

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

2 F1I%1 A##e5t

Client

3/2

4ra+ings and s5e#ifi#ation s de'elo5,ent 5erfor,an#e

1$e design 3eing 5ro5osed ,ay re:uire ,a;or #$anges after #onstru#tion installation to ,at#$ user>s ,ode of ,ode of o5erational use/ 1$e design tea, 3elie'es t$at t$e o+ner does not ta!en ste5s7 or a55re#iates t$e existing design/

4es

4 100%1 Bre:

2 F10I Serious

D F1000!%1 8na##e5

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

2 F1I%1 A##e5t

4es

and t$e o+ner>s end users7 and o3tain agree,ent on $o+ to 5ro#eed +it$ t$e design/ )ro;e#t dra+ings are out of s#ale 3e#ause of la#! of infor,ation s$aring 3et+een designers and engineers/ )ro;e#t dra+ings do not refle#t +$at is on site 3e#ause designers are not fa,iliar +it$ t$e real life #onstru#tion site7 redesign li!ely to o##ur In#o,5ati3il ity of soft+are used 3et+een different de5art,ents #ould ,a!e #$anges in 8se of a data #o,,on en'iron,ent 3y t$e designers li!e BIM @3uilding infor,ation ,odellingA/

3/3

4es

4 100%1 Bre:

2 F10I Serious

D F1000!%1 8na##e5

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

2 F1I%1 A##e5t

4es

3/4

4es

4 100%1 Bre:

2 F10I Serious

D F1000!%1 8na##e5

4esigners ,ust 'isit t$e #onstru#tion site toget$er +it$ t$e site in'estigators 3efore ne+ se#tion is 3eing 3uild/ ",5at$i<e t$e use of t$e sa,e file for,ats % soft+are/ "nfor#e a t$ird 5arty to #$e#! t$e :uality of

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

2 F1I%1 A##e5t

4es

3/.

4es

4 100%1 Bre:

2 F10I Serious

D F1000!%1 8na##e5

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

2 F1I%1 A##e5t

4es

t$e files for,ats% s#ales +it$ 5ossi3le data loss #ausing delays in deli'ery/ )ro;e#t do#u,entati on #ontrol $as not 3een agreed to as to roles and res5onsi3iliti es Client

dra+ings 3efore $and o'er to #ontra#tors "sta3lis$ a #lear 5ro;e#t #ontrol ,anage,ent 5ro#edure/ 4o not exe#ute a #ontra#t until ter,s for #olle#tion7 re'isions and ,aintenan#e do#u,entati on $as 3een #learly esta3lis$ed/ &egally 3ind for infor,ation use and s$aring/ 8se of redundant syste,s and data storage or #loud ser'i#es/

3/6

4o#u,entati on #ontrol issues

4 100%1 Bre:

2 F10I Serious

D F1000!%1 8na##e5

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

2 F1I%1 A##e5t

3/9

I,5ortant data loss due to $ard+are and soft+are #riti#al errors #ausing t$e loss of 5ro;e#t infor,ation @e/g/ dra+ings7 3udgets7 #ost

4es

4 100%1 Bre:

2 F10I Serious

D F1000!%1 8na##e5

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

2 F1I%1 A##e5t

4es

of ,aterialsA

3/D

Stru#tural #o,5ati3ility of design

1$e ele,ents of te,5orary +or!s used for 3ra#ings ,ade of steel are under designed #ausing failure of tunnel +alls/

4es

4 100%1 Bre:

2 F10I Serious

D F1000!%1 8na##e5

A se#ond tea, ,ust 3e enfor#ed to 5ro'ide #$e#!s and ,a!e sure t$at t$e designed stru#tural ele,ents +ill su55ort t$e 3earing #a5a#ity as t$e soil +ill 3e re,o'ed/

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

2 F1I%1 A##e5t

4es

C'!S%$UC%"'!
8nderlying +or!,en $ealt$ 5ro3le,s -or!,en getting 5re'ious in;uries aggra'ated during t$e #onstru#tion -or!ers de,anding 3etter +or!ing #onditions refusing to "sta3lis$ #o,5ulsory $ealt$ #$e#! 5oli#y

4/1

C1

4 100%1 Bre:

2 F10I Serious

D F1000!%1 8na##e5

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

2 F1I%1 A##e5t

)rior Constru#tion start

4/2 Stri!e 3y +or!ers

C1

4 100%1 Bre:

2 F10I Serious

D F1000!%1 8na##e5

8se of trans5arent and legally 3inding

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

2 F1I%1 A##e5t

)rior Constru#tion

+or!

#ontra#ts and good negotiation s!ills

&ig$t e:ui5,ent failure 4/3

Minor delays due lig$t ex#a'ation e:ui5,ent not +or!ing 5ro5erly #ausing 5rodu#ti'ity loss Se'ere delays due $ea'y ex#a'ation e:ui5,ent not +or!ing 5ro5erly #ausing 5rodu#ti'ity loss 1/4iffusion of gases fro, ground 2/S5reading of gases 3/&a#! of dete#tion%ala r, 4/"x5losion ./Bire 6/Burn

C1

4 100%1 Bre:

2 F10I Serious

D F1000!%1 8na##e5

e5la#e,ent lig$t ex#a'ation e:ui5,ent stored or on stand-3y to 3e used +$en needed e5la#e,ent $ea'y ex#a'ation e:ui5,ent stored or on stand-3y during i,5ortant a#ti'ities 1/Sur'ey for gases 2/1BM gas dete#tion syste, 3/Additional gas dete#tion syste, 4/Alar, le'els for #riti#al #on#entratio ns ./Suffi#ient

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

2 F1I%1 A##e5t

4uring Constru#tion

2ea'y e:ui5,ent failure 4/4

C1

4 100%1 Bre:

2 F10I Serious

D F1000!%1 8na##e5

4 100%1 Bre:

2 F10I Serious

D F1000!%1 8na##e5

4uring Constru#tion

4/.

1oxi#%"x5los i'e *ases or C$e,i#als

Client% geology

3 10%1 )ro3

3 F100I Crit#

E F1000!%1 8na##e5

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

2 F1I%1 A##e5t

geology

4/6

(oise

1/"x#essi'e noise at site 2/la#! of noise #ontrol 3/+or!ing long duration at noise site 4/&ose of $ear ./)sy#$ologi #al effe#t

Contr

4 100%1 Bre:

2 F10I Serious

D F1000!%1 8na##e5

'entilation syste, 6/S5e#ial ))" ,as!s 9/Birst aid%oxygen 3ottle D/Medi#al #are E/Bire fig$ting 10/"'a#uatio n 5lans 1/ I,5le,ent t$e )lan and )ro#edure/ 2/ "ar5lug7 "ar ,uff/ 3/ A'oid noisy +or!/ 4/ Control noise le'el/ ./ "x#$ange #re+/ 6/ 1i,e 3rea! to #re+/ 9/ (oise do<e ,easure,ent / D/ 1esting%,ain tenan#e of e:ui5,ent/ 10/ A+areness/

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

2 F1I%1 A##e5t

Cont/% 2S"

4/9

Bire

1/Co,3usti3 les ,aterials 2/Bla,,a3le s 3/Ignition sour#es 4/&o+ #ontrol ,eans ./&oss of ti,e 6/"#ono,i# loss

Contr% Su3#on

3 10%1 )ro3

2 F10I Serious

6 F100I%1 undes

1/I,5le,ent Bire is! Control Manage,ent 2/2ig$ se#urity ,easures 3/Ins5e#tion of #ontrol ,eans 4/Bire tig$tening e:ui5,ent ./Birefig$tin g drills 6/",ergen#y e'a#uation drills 1/I,5le,ent )ro#ure,ent )ro#edure 2/Co,5lian# e +it$ t$e re:uire,ents 3/":ui5,ent %5rodu#t #ertifi#ates 4/1ests%ins5e #tion ./1e#$ni#al S5e#ifi#ation s

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

2 F1I%1 A##e5t

Cont/% Su3#ont

4/D

All ":ui5,ent%1 ools% Materials

1/8nsuita3le e:ui5,ent%to ols Materials 2/&a#! of ,aintenan#e and re5air 3/In#orre#t o5eration 4/Ina55ro5ri ate o5eration #onditions ./Su3standar d e:ui5,ent%to ols%,aterials

Contr% Su3#on

3 10%1 )ro3

4 1000I Catas

12 F10000! %1 8na##e5

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

2 F1I%1 A##e5t

Contr% Su3#ont

4/E

All ?5erations

1/&a#! of o5eration #ontrol 2/&a#! of 5ro#ess #ontrol 3/&a#! of 1as! s5e#ifi# 2S" 5lan 4/&a#! of 5er,it to +or!

Contr% Su3#on

3 10%1 )ro3

3 F100I Crit#

E F1000!%1 8na##e5

4/10

Colla5se

1/&a#! of s!ills%#o,5et en#y% A+areness 2/":u5,ent failure 3/8n#ontroll ed 'e$i#le 4/Insuffi#ient su55ort for tunnel

Cont/% su3#on

3 10%1 )ro3

3 F100I Crit#

E F1000!%1 8na##e5

4/11

Me#$ani#al -or!s

1/ u5ture of 5i5e%5u,5%5l ant 2/Bailure%,o 'e,ent of 5arts 3/Cra#$ed%! no#!ed do+n 4/&a#! of

Const

3 10%1 )ro3

2 F10I Serious

6 F100I%1 undes

1/I,5le,ent t$e o5eration7 2S" 5ro#ess #ontrol and 5er,it to +or! 5ro#edure 2/Manage,e nt%su5er'isio n%,onitoring 3/S!ill%#o,5 eten#y%a+are ness 4/Co,,uni# ation 1/Su55ort ex#a'ation ?5erations 2/Constru#ti on ,a#$ines e:ui5,ent and ,a#$ine guard )ro#edure 3/1est%ins5e# tion of e:ui5,ent 4/Certified o5erator ./A+areness 1/I,5le,ent instru#tion 2/Su5er'isio n 3/1est%ins5e# tion of e:ui5,ent 4/ egular ,aintenan#e ./Certified

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

2 F1I%1 A##e5t

Contr% Su3#ont

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

2 F1I%1 A##e5t

Cont/

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

2 F1I%1 A##e5t

Contr

s!ills%#o,5et en#y% a+areness

,e#$ani#al

4/12

"le#tri# -or!s

4/13

Align,ent Confli#ts

1/"le#tri# s$o#! 2/Burn 3y ar#$ing 3/&i'e 5o+er lines 4/4ire#t #onta#t ./+or! near3y $ig$ 'oltage 1/Mo'e,ent of 3ase 5oint 2/Mis-sur'ey 3/4e'iation fro, align,ent 4/Corre#ti'e +or! ./&oss of ti,e 6/"#ono,i# loss

Cont% su3#on

3 10%1 )ro3

4 1000I Catas

12 F10000! %1 8na##e5

Cont% su3#on

3 10%1 )ro3

3 F100I Crit#

E F1000!%1 8na##e5

1/"le#tri# safety 5ro#edure 2/Su5er'isio n 3/1est%ins5e# tion of e:ui5,ent 4/Certified ele#tri#ian ./A+areness 1/)rote#tion of 3ase 5oints 2/Cross #$e#! of sur'ey syste, 3/)eriodi#al #ali3ration of e:ui5,ent 4/2ig$ 5re#ision sur'ey ./More fre:uent sur'ey 6/Monitoring of tunnel defor,ation

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

2 F1I%1 A##e5t

Const

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

2 F1I%1 A##e5t

"ng

4/14

C$anging of Cutting 1ools

1/"ntry into #utting $ead #$a,3er 2/C$anging fro, 3a#!side is not 5ossi3le 3/"ntry into front s5a#e 4/Sensiti'e stru#tures a3o'e tunnel ./$ig$ fa#e 5ressure a3o'e tunnel 6/C$ange of #utting tools under 5ressure 9/Sudden de#o,5ressi on

Const

3 10%1 )ro3

2 F10I Serious

6 F100I%1 undes

4/1.

1unnel installation

1/"le#tri#al installation 2/&ig$ting syste, 3/-ater su55ly syste, 4/Ventilation syste, ./Co,,uni# ation syste,

Cont% su3#on

3 10%1 )ro3

3 F100I Crit#

E F1000!%1 8na##e5

1/C$ange under less ris!y soil #ondition 2/1reat,ent of ground 3/Se,i-#lose ,ode if 5ossi3le 4/))" for +or! under 5ressure ./*radual 5ressure #$ange 6/Co,5resse d air e:ui5,ent 9/)ro5er and regular ,aintenan#e of #utting tools D/Safe lo#ation for sto55age of 1BM to 3e defined in ad'an#e 1/Instal suita3le syste, 2/Battery &ig$ts in tunnel 3/4iesel set in o5eration 4/-ater storage tan!s ./Air du#ts #lose to fa#e

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

2 F1I%1 A##e5t

Const

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

2 F1I%1 A##e5t

Const

6/Blas$ing +arning lig$ts at dangerous lo#ations 9/",ergen#y lig$t D/5eriodi#al #$e#! of e:ui3,ent 1/Burn 2/Brea!do+ n of e:ui5,ent 3/Misus of e:ui5,ent 4/&a#! of 5ro5er ))" 1/-elding Cutting and *rinding )ro#edure 2/))" 5ro#edure 3/1est%ins5e# tion of -elding 4/Certified +elder ./A+areness 1/I,5le,ent Instru#tions 2/1est ins5e#tion of e:ui5,ent 3/S!illed +or!ers

4/16

2ot +or!

Client

3 10%1 )ro3

2 F10I Serious

6 F100I%1 undes

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

2 F1I%1 A##e5t

Contr% su3#on

4/19

Cold -or!

/ Stru#!%Crus$ ed 2/Brea!do+ n of e:ui5,ent 3/Misus of e:ui5,ent 4/&a#! of s!ill%#o,5et en#y

Const

3 10%1 )ro3

2 F10I Serious

6 F100I%1 undes

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

2 F1I%1 A##e5t

Contr

4/1 D

?'er Cutting

4/1 E

All ",5loyee

1/Side +all #olla5se of t+in 1unnels 2/Insuffi#ient side +all 3et+een tunnels 3/"x#essi'e ground defor,ations 4/Interru5tion of tunnelling 1/Mental and 5$ysi#al insuffi#ien#y of e,5loyee 2/A##idents 3/In#reasing 4AB-@day a+ay fro, +or! #aseA 4/4e#reasing 5rodu#ti'ity

Cont% su3#on

3 10%1 )ro3

3 F100I Crit#

E F1000!%1 8na##e5

1/Controled #utting 2/Ade:uate #o'er and o'er3urden 3/Ba#!fill grouting 5arallel to ex#a'ation 4/Measure for settle,ent redu#tion ./Monitorig tunnel defor,ation 6/A55li#ation of trigger le'els 1/ I,5le,ent t$e )lan and )ro#edure/ 2/ Medi#al #$e#!s at re#ruit,ent/ 3/ )eriodi#al ,edi#al #$e#!s/ 4/ 2ygiene ins5e#tions/ ./ Medi#al a55li#ation as re:uired/ 6/ A+areness/

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

2 F1I%1 A##e5t

Const

Contr

3 10%1 )ro3

2 F10I Serious

6 F100I%1 undes

1 0/1%1 e,

1 F1I Marg

1 F0/1!%1 A##e5t

Const% 2S"

4/2 0

?+n ",5loyee% Su3#ontra#tors

1/la#! of s!ill and #o,5eten#y 2/la#! of a+areness 3/&a#! of 5ro5er ))"

Su3#o n

3 10%1 )ro3

2 F10I Serious

6 F100I%1 undes

1/ I,5le,ent t$e ))" @5ersonal 5rote#ti'e e:ui5,entA )ro#edure/ 2/ Sele#tion of e,5loyees% Su3#ontra#tor/ 3/ 2S" @$ealt$ safety and en'iron,entA indu#tion to all e,5loyees/ 4/ Syste,%te#$ni#al%e,ergen#y training/ ./ A+areness/ 6/ Co,,uni#ation/ 1/ I,5le,ent t$e )lan and )ro#edure/ 2/ Additional ,easures if re:uired/ 3/ 2ea'e duty 3arrier and guardrail around s$aft/ 4/ Ins5e#tion/ ./ Indu#tion to 'isitors/ 6/ A##o,5anying 'isitors/ 9/ A+areness/

1 0/1%1 e,

1 F1I Marg

1 F0/1!%1 A##e5t

Contr% Su3#ont% 2S"

4/21

Area % S$aft Se#urity

1/&a#! of se#urity ,easures 2/Se#urity in#idents 3/8naut$ri<ed entry%trans 5ass 4/&a#! of a+areness

Contr

3 10%1 )ro3

3 F100I Crit#

E F1000!%1 8na##e5

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

2 F1I%1 A##e5t

Const%2S"

4/22

",ergen#y Situations

1/&a#! of e,ergen#y res5onse )lan 2/&a#! of res#ue 5lan 3/la#! of s!ill%#o,5eten#y%a+areness 4/&a##! of liaison +it$ Aut$orities 1/Crus$ed%1ra55ed 2/4a,aged tra#!s 3/4efor,ation of rolling sto#! 4/4erailing of rolling sto#! ./?'ers5eeding 1/Ball do+n 2/Stru#! 3y falling o3;e#ts 3/Stru#! 3y ot$er e:ui5,ent 4/Bailure of 5latfor, ./8nsafe 5latfor,

Cont% su3#on

3 10%1 )ro3

3 F100I Crit#

E F1000!%1 8na##e5

1/Site s5e#ifi# e,ergen#y res5onse 5lan 2/ e'i+ t$e 5lan 3/"arly +arning 4/S!ill%#o,5eten#y%a+areness ./Co,,uni#ation%&iaison +it$ Aut$orities 1/Certified o5erators 2/Maintenan#e%re5air tra#!s 3/S5eed li,it 4/S5eed alar,

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

2 F1I%1 A##e5t

Const

4/23

1unnel 1rans5ort

Cont% su3#on

3 10%1 )ro3

3 F100I Crit#

E F1000!%1 8na##e5

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

2 F1I%1 A##e5t

Const% Su3#on

4/24

-or!ing at 2eig$t

Cont% su3#on

3 10%1 )ro3

3 F100I Crit#

E F1000!%1 8na##e5

1/I,5le,ent +or!ing at $eig$t and s#affolding 5ro#edure 2/Su5er'ision 3/1est%ins5e#tion 4/Hualified +or!er ./A+areness In'estigation of t$e site 5ersonnel 5ast ;o3s and +or!s to assess t$eir #$ara#ter and +or!s et$i#s/ Inde5endent se#urity fir, in #$arge of t$e ,aterials safety/

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

2 F1I%1 A##e5t

Const% Su3#on

4/2.

Stolen ,aterials ne#essary and a#:uire on 3e$alf of #lient

Su55lies 3een sold 3y t$e site engineer% +or!ers to t$ird 5arties/

Client

3 10%1 )ro3

3 F100I Crit#

E F1000!%1 8na##e5

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

2 F1I%1 A##e5t

Client

'>E$,%"'!
1raffi# and ,a#$inery ,o'e,ents Collision or entra5,ent Bire and res#ue 5ersonnel )u3li# ?t$er agen#ies 4 100% 1 Bre: 2 F10I Serious D F1000!%1 8na##e5 oad #losure%fending off 5ro#edures S$ut do+n and isolation of ,a#$inery% auto,ated e:ui5,ent estri#ted a##ess/ Isolation7 3onding to eart$ and testing to ensure ele#tri#al safety 4 100% 1 Bre: 2 F10I Serious D F1000!%1 8na##e5 Ad'i#e fro, internal and%or external s5e#ialists eg ta#ti#al ad'isors and utility #o,5any re5resentati'es 2 1%1 ?## 1 F1I Marg 2 F1I%1 A##e5t )rior Constru #tion 2 1%1 ?## 1 F1I Marg 2 F1I%1 A##e5t )rior Constru #tion start

./1

"le#tri#ity ./2

"le#tro#ution of t$e tunnel users/

Bire and res#ue 5ersonnel )u3li# ?t$er agen#ies

&ig$t e:ui5,ent failure

./3

Minor delays due lig$t e:ui5,ent not +or!ing 5ro5erly #ausing te,5orary #losure of t$e tunnel/

Client

4 100% 1 Bre:

2 F10I Serious

D F1000!%1 8na##e5

e5la#e,ent lig$t s$ould 3e design for easy a##ess/ ":ui5,ent stored or on stand-3y to 3e used +$en needed/ ",ergen#y lig$ts s$ould 3e 5ro'ided to aid ,ini,u, lig$ting 3y t$e ti,e ,ain lig$t +ill 3e #$anged/ -ater safety arrange,ents7 in#luding $ig$ flo+ 5u,5s/

2 1%1 ?##

1 F1I Marg

2 F1I%1 A##e5t

Client

-ater Bloodings

4ro+ning Biologi#al agents Sli5s and fall Bire and res#ue 5ersonnel )u3li# ?t$er agen#ies 4 100% 1 Bre: 2 F10I Serious D F1000!%1 8na##e5

./4

8ni'ersal $ygiene 5ro#edures% 3iologi#al filters s$ould 3e 5ro'ided for 5u,5s A55ro5riate 5ersonal 5rote#ti'e e:ui5,ent for exa,5le dry suits7 5ersonal floatation de'i#es/ ",ergen#y e'a#uation 5ro#edure/

4 100%1 Bre:

2 F10I Serious

D F1000!%1 8na##e5

?5er

2eat7 s,o!e7 s,o!e tra'el and fire ./.

A fire #ould start as 'e$i#les #ollides or infla,,a3le ,aterial are set on fire on different tunnel stru#tures

Bire and res#ue 5ersonnel )u3li# ?t$er agen#ies 4 100% 1 Bre: 2 F10I Serious D F1000!%1 8na##e5

"x#essi'e noise

(oise Bire and res#ue 5ersonnel

S#ene%site lig$ting 1raining and a+areness Birefig$ting 5ersonal 5rote#ti'e e:ui5,ent en#losed in +alls at inter'als/ Control of 'entilation syste,s and s5rin!lers if 5ro'ided 3y design/ Ino+ledge of 5re'ailing +ind #onditions Control of +ater run-off/ &i,it ex5osure Cre+ rotation

4 100%1 Bre:

2 F10I Serious

D F1000!%1 8na##e5

?5er

./6

)u3li# ?t$er agen#ies

4 100% 1 Bre:

)ro'ision of $earing 5rote#tion 2 F10I Serious D F1000!%1 8na##e5 A+areness 2ealt$ ,onitoring )ro'ide noise a3sor5tion 5anels to redu#e in tunnel noise 5rodu#ed 3y e#$oes and #ars/ 4 100%1 Bre: 2 F10I Serious D F1000!%1 8na##e5 ?5er

C0ncl/si0n
is! ,anage,ent is still e'ol'ing7 yet t$e de,and for #o,5lex a55li#ation #ontinues to gro+/ 1$e in#reasing de,and for infrastru#ture 5ro;e#ts re:uires t$at i,5ro'e,ents of #o,,uni#ation at all ,anage,ent le'els li!e 5lanningC site in'estigations7 design7 #onstru#tion and o5eration s$ould o##ur/ 1$is is re:uired 3e#ause it is only t$roug$ i,5ro'ed understanding of t$e 5ro;e#ts and t$e ris!s t$at a 3etter 5ro;e#t de#isions #an 3e ,ade to,orro+/ 1$e identifi#ation of ris! resulting fro, early stages of 5ro;e#t 5lanning it is an essential ste5 +$i#$ s$ould 3e #learly esta3lis$ed 3y t$e o+ner/ A #onstru#tion ris! 5oli#y ,ay indi#ate: t$e s#o5eC ris! o3;e#ti'es and t$e ris! ,anage,ent strategy/ An o'er'ie+ of t$e ris! ,anage,ent a#ti'ities as seen fro, o+ners 5ers5e#ti'e are re5resented in Big/ 1/

Figure Risk management activity flow for owner and contractor S. Degn Eskesen et al. / Tunnelling and Underground Space Tec nology !" #$%%&' $!()$*(

is! if #an>t 3e da,aged7 a ,itigation o5tion s$ould 3e 5utted in 5la#e +ere 5ossi3le/ As a #i'il engineer graduate7 during t$is 5ro;e#t I o3ser'ed t$at is 'ery useful to understand t$e li!eli$ood and #onse:uen#es 3roug$t 3y ris!s7 so an a55ro5riate res5onse #an 3e ta!en 3efore ,ore da,age is #reated to t$e stru#ture or its users/ After t$is 3e$a'iour is understood a ris! register is #reated so all i,5ortant infor,ation t$at are needed are easy to a##ess 3y all 5ro;e#t sta!e$olders/ &oo!ing at today +orld 3iggest dri'er +$i#$ is t$e #ontinuous ad'an#ed te#$nologi#al #$anges due to #o,5uting 5o+er is easy to understand t$at soon ris! ,anage,ent +ill 3e de'elo5ed to t$ose 5arts in'ol'ed in 5ro;e#t de#isions +$i#$ are +or!ing full ti,e7 t$erefore a real-ti,e analysis is #o,5uted/ 1$e role of s5e#ialist analysis is li!e to dissol'e as 3etter de#ision-,a!ing is li!ely to in#lude o5ti,al use of $u,an ex5erts7 #onsideration of sustaina3ility issues and 3etter understanding of engineering 5ro;e#t ,anage,ent/ Is :uite diffi#ult to t$in! if a 5erfe#t ris! ,anage,ent syste, li!e t$e ris! registers is 5ossi3le to 3e i,5ro'ed 3ut for t$e foreseea3le future as a 3est solution7 t$erefore t$e ,ain fa#tor to #$ange its s5e#ifi#ation +ill 3e e'aluated on $o+ ,u#$ 5ositi'e i,5a#t #ould 3ring to t$e 5ro;e#t7 $o+ faster #an a 5ro;e#t #ould 3e finis$ed on ti,e7 +it$in t$e 3udget/ Co,5lex s5e#ifi#ation li!e in #ase of a tunnel +ill en:uire relian#e on i,5ro'ing syste,s of 5ro;e#t ris! ,anage,ent/

9i4li0gra6<y
S1it<? !3 @3? 20023 Appraisal, Risk and Uncertainty. 1st ed3 L0nd0n8 %<01as %el70rd3