Answers to Selected Problems

Chapter 1
1.
3.
5.
7.
9.
11.
13.
15.
17.
19.
21.
23.
25.

27.
29.
31.
33.
35.
37.

39.
41.

43.
45.
47.
49.
51.
53.
55.
57.
59.
61.
63.
65.

124 m 2
10 159 m
0.75 m 2 /s
2.0 magnums
29.6 mL
[M]/[T] 2
70.8 km, 23.3
0.49 m
54.1 m
35.3
1.2  10 2 m
(a) 551 newtons, 36.1 north of west
(b) 551 newtons, 36.1 south of west
smallest
magnitude:
B
B
F1  F3  10.0 newtons, due east;
largest
magnitude:
B
B
F3  F4  70.0 newtons, due west
(a) 1580 m
(b) 15 south of east
(a) 45.6 cm
(b) 39.4 cm
(a) 5600 newtons
(b) along the dashed line
(a) 78 newtons
(b) 34
B
(a) C has the largest x component.
(b) A has the largest y component.
(a) 45
(b) 31
(c) 59
222 m, 55.8 below the x axis
B
B
Vectors A and C are equal. Each has a
magnitude of 100.0 m, and each is
oriented at an angle of 36.9 above
the x axis.
(a) 25.0 above the x axis.
(b) 34.8 newtons
7.1 m, 9.9 north of east
4790 newtons, 67.2 south of east
1.12 km, 63
(a) 2.1 km
(b) 73.4
6.88 km, 26.9
(a) 178 units
(b) 164 units
(a) 64 m
(b) 37 south of east
(a) 15.8 m/s
(b) 6.37 m/s
(a) 164 km
(b) 59.9 km
(a) 11.7 ft
(b) 64.9
(a) 10.4 units
(b) 12.0 units

A-16

67. (a) 142 newtons, 67 south of east

(b) 142 newtons, 67 north of west
69. x component: 288 units
y component: 156 units

Chapter 2
1. 9.1
3. 5  10 4 yr
5. (a) 8.0 m/s
(b) 8.0 m/s
(c) 2.0  10 1 m/s
7. 28 m
9. 52 m
11. (a) 2.67  10 4 m
(b) 6.74 m/s, due north
13. 2.1 s
15. (a) 0 m/s 2
(b) 16 m/s 2
17. (a) 4.0 s
(b) 4.0 s
19. (a) 18 m/s
(b) 6.0 m/s
(c) 6.0 m/s
(d) 18 m/s
21. 8.18 m/s 2
23. 8.0 m/s (Cycle A was initially traveling
faster.)
25. (a) 1.5 m/s 2
(b) 1.5 m/s 2
(c) Car travels 76 m farther.
27. (a) 1.7  10 2 cm/s 2
(b) 0.15 s
29. 2.9 m/s 2
31. 1.3 m/s 2
33. 39.2 m
35. 52.8 m
37. 0.87 m/s 2, in the same direction as
the second cars velocity
39. 25.7 m
41. 14 s
43. 44.1 m/s
45. d1  0.018 m, d 2  0.071 m,
d 3  0.16 m
47. 6.12 s
51. (a) 7.9 m/s
(b) 3.2 m
53. 1.1 s
55. 4.39 m
57. 0.767 m/s
59. (a) 3H
(b) The answer to part (a) would be
the same.
61. 0.55 s
63. 10.1 m/s
65. (a) positive for segments A and C, negative
for segment B, zero for segment D

67.
69.
71.
73.

75.
77.
79.
81.
83.
85.
87.

(b) 6.3 km/h for segment A, 3.8 km/h

for segment B, 0.63 km/h for
segment C, 0 km/h for segment D
1.9 m/s 2 for segment A, 0 m/s 2 for
segment B, 3.3 m/s 2 for segment C
8.3 km/h 2
(a) 6.6 s
(b) 5.3 m/s
(a) 9.80 m/s 2 (The pebble is not
decelerating.)
(b) 5.7 m
0.74 m/s
2.4 min
6.0 m/s 2
7.2  10 3 m
18 s
11.1 s
Car A wins the race by 0.15 s.

Chapter 3
1.
3.
5.
7.
9.
11.
13.
15.
17.
19.
21.
23.

27.
29.
31.
33.
35.
37.
39.
41.
43.
45.
47.
49.
51.
53.

2.8 m
12 m/s, 10 m/s
9.8  10 2 m
x  75.3 km, y  143 km
(a) 2.47 m/s 2
(b) 2.07 m/s 2
(a) 2.99  10 4 m/s
(b) 2.69  10 4 m/s
13 m/s
(a) 2.8 m
(b) 2.0 m
9.4 mm
(a) 4.37 s
(b) 93.5 m
18 m/s
(a) 239 m/s, 57.1 with respect
to the horizontal
(b) 239 m/s, 57.1 with respect
to the horizontal
58.7 m
0.844 m
(a) 1.77 s
(b) 2.18 s
5.2 m
33.2 m
(a) 1505 m
(b) 66.0 below the horizontal
56 m
14.7 m/s
42
21.5 m/s, 31.3
0.141 and 89.860
D  850 m, H  31 m
8.79 m/s, 81.5
(a) 2.0  10 3 s
(b) 1.8  10 3 m

Answers to Selected Problems A-17

55. (a) The answer is a drawing.
(b) 38 m/s
57. 9.0 m/s, 19 north of east
59. (a) 38 m/s due east
(b) 38 m/s due west
61. 2.4 m/s
63. 5.2 m/s, 52 west of south
65. 4.60 m/s
67. 6.2 m/s
69. (a) 1.49 s
(b) 20.8 m/s
71. 14.1 m/s
73. 6.41 s
75. 14.9 m
77. 5.79 m/s
79. 25.0, 72.1

Chapter 4
1. 93 N
3. (a) 6 N
(b) 24 N
(c) 9.0 N
7. 3560 N
9. (a) 3.6 N
(b) 0.40 N
11. 30.9 m/s 2, 27.2 above the x axis
13. 10.3 m/s 2, 21.9 above the horizontal
15. 1.20 m/s 2, directed straight upward
17. 39 s
19. 18.4 N, 68 north of east
21. (a) 3.75 m/s 2
(b) 2.4  10 2 N
23. (a) 5.1  106 N
(b) 5.1  106 N
25. 7.1  109 N
27. 0.223 m/s 2
29. (a) 5.67  105 N directed to the right
(b) 3.49  105 N directed to the right
(c) 9.16  105 N directed to the left
31. 1.76  10 24 kg
33. 1.05
35. 178
37. x  0.366 L
39. (a) 447 N
(b) 241 N
41. (a) 0.97
(b) 0.82
43. (a) 1.6  10 4 N
(b) 4.3  10 3 N
45. (a) 24.3 N
(b) 27.3 N
(c) 21.3 N
47. (a) 390 N
(b) 7.7 m/s, directed toward
second base
49. 34.7 N
51. 68
53. 1.00  10 2 N, 53.1 south of east
55. 11.6 N
57. 83 kg
59. 9.70 N
61. 73 N

63.
65.
67.
69.
71.
73.
75.
77.
79.
81.
83.
85.
87.
89.
91.
93.
95.
97.

99.
101.
103.
105.

107.
109.
111.

113.
115.
117.

119.

1.9  10 2 N
0.141
246 N
0.29
4290 N
18.0 m/s 2, 56.3 above the x axis
(a) 1.0  10 2 N
(b) 38 N
190 N
6.6 m/s
2730 N
(a) 3.51 m/s 2
(b) 346 N
6.7  103 m/s 2
847 N
7.66 s
(a) 13.7 N
(b) 1.37 m/s 2
1.2 s
216 N, directed straight upward
(a) 1.10  10 3 N
(b) 931 N
(c) 808 N
47 N
29 400 N
1730 N, directed due west
(a) weight  1.13  10 3 N,
mass  115 kg
(b) weight  0 N, mass  115 kg
(a) 4.25 m/s 2
(b) 1080 N
141 N
(a) TA  0 N, TB  7.2 N,
TC  0 N
(b) TA  0 N, TB  0 N,
TC  4.7 N
0.78 m, 21 south of east
4.4 s
(a) 0.60 m/s 2
(b) 104 N (left string),
230 N (right string)
1.65 m/s 2, 34.6 above the x axis

Chapter 5
1.
3.
5.
7.
9.
11.
13.
15.
17.
19.
21.
23.
25.
27.
29.

0.86 m/s 2
61
170 s
6.9 m/s 2
332 m
10 600 rev/min
(a) 1.2  10 4 N
(b) 1.7  10 4 N
22 m/s
594 N
(a) 88 N
(b) 181 N
3500 N
(a) 3510 N
(b) 14.9 m/s
39
28 m/s
2.54  10 6 N

31. 7690 m/s (satellite A),

7500 m/s (satellite B)
33. 1.33  10 4 m/s
35. 3.25  10 3 m/s
37. 2.2 m/s
39. (a) 4.65  10 31 kg
(b) 3.07 yr
41. (a) 1.70  10 3 N
(b) 1.66  10 3 N
43. 17 m/s
45. 18 N (twelve oclock),
22 N (six oclock)
47. 21.0 m/s
49. 606 N
51. 3600
53. 1/27
55. 15.7 m/s
57. (a) 3.0  10 5 m/s 2
(b) 3.1  10 4 g
59. 15
61. 23 N (speed  19.0 m/s),
77 N (speed  38.0 m/s)

Chapter 6
1. 2.2  10 3 J
3. 3.4  10 6 J (The work is
negative because the retarding
force points opposite to the trucks
displacement.)
5. 42.8
7. (a) More net work is done during
the dive.
(b) 6.8  10 7 J
9. 25
11. 256 N
13. 2.5  10 7 J
15. 1450 kg
17. 3.2  10 3 J
19. (a) 2.3  10 3 J
(b) 2.3  10 2 J
21. (a) 4.5  10 11 J
(b) 2.5  10 5 N
23. 2.5  10 11 J
25. 14%
27. 5.4  10 2 J
29. 5.24  10 5 J
31. (a) 27 J
(b) 36 J
(c) 8.8 J
(d) The change in gravitational potential
energy is 27 J  W, where W is
the work done by the weight.
33. (a) 3.0  10 4 J
(b) The resistive force is not a conservative
force.
35. (a) 1086 J
(b) The skater is 2.01 m below the starting
point.
37. 6.6 m/s
39. (a) 27.3 m/s
(b) 27.3 m/s
(c) 27.3 m/s

A-18 Answers to Selected Problems

41. (a) 54.9 J
(b) 49.4 m/s
43. 0.60 m
45. 1.7 m/s
47. 27.8 m/s
49. 18 m
51. (a) 22.5 m
(b) 6.2 N
53. 3.61 m
55. 1.21  10 6 J
57. 3.7 m/s
59. 2450 N
61. 12.2 m
63. (a) 5.48  10 6 J
(b) 1.31  10 3 nutritional calories
65. (a) 3.3  10 4 W
(b) 5.1  10 4 W
67. (a) 1.0  10 4 W
(b) 13 hp
69. 6.7  10 2 N
71. (a) Bow 1 requires more work.
(b) 25 J
73. (a) 54%
(b) 46%
75. 7.07 m/s
79. 1.20  10 4 J
81. 35 N
83. (a) 2.8 J
(b) 35 N
85. 6.33 m
87. 3.40  10 2 N

Chapter 7
1. 130 N, directed opposite to the skaters
velocity
3. 1.8 N, directed straight downward
5. 8.7 kg m/s
7. (a) 2.2  10 3 N
(b) 4.4  10 3 N
9. 2.1  10 7 kg m/s
11. 4.7 m
13. 397 kg m/s, 15 north of east
15. 344 N
17. (a) 7.5 kg m/s
(b) 3.3 m/s
19. (a) 1.5 m/s
(b) 1.1 m/s
21. 4400 m/s
23. (a) 0.14 m/s
(b) 6.9  103 m/s
25. m 1  1.00 kg,
m 2  1.00 kg
27. 547 m/s
29. (a) 4.89 m/s
(b) 1.22 m
31. 9.3 m/s
33. (a) 0.270 m/s (5.00-kg ball),
1.73 m/s (7.50-kg ball)
(b) 0.800 m/s (both balls)
35. 7.4%
37. 12.1 m/s

39. 0.062 kg
41. (a) 73
(b) 4.28 m/s
43. 2.175  103
45. (a) 5.56 m/s
(b) 2.83 m/s (1.50-kg ball),
2.73 m/s (4.60-kg ball)
(c) 0.409 m (1.50-kg ball),
0.380 m (4.60-kg ball)
47. 8 bounces
49. (a) 1.0 m/s
(b) 1.0 m/s
(c) equal to
51. 1.51  10 30 kg
53. 96 kg
55. (a) 7.00 m/s
(b) 2.30 m/s
57. 18 ms
59. 6.46  1011 m
61. 1.87  103 kg
63. 0.707
65. 0.11 m

Chapter 8
1. 21 rad
3. (a) 7.3  105 rad/s
(b) 2.0  107 rad/s
5. 63.7 grad
7. (a) 0.75 rad/s 2
(b) 0.75 rad/s 2
(c) 1.0 rad/s 2
(d) 2.0 rad/s 2
9. 15 s
11. 128 s
13. 940 s
15. 336 m/s
17. (a) 1.56  102 s
(b) 4.00  102 s
19. 1.43  101 m/s
21. 0.125 s
23. (a) 117 rad/s
(b) 140 s
25. (a) 8.71 s
(b) 2.87 rad/s 2
27. 267 rad
29. 8.46  10 4 rad
31. 2.1 rev
33. 7.37 s
35. (a) 1500 rad/s
(b) 4.2  103 s
37. 0.20 m
39. 0.62 m
41. 5.01 m/s
43. (a) 2.80 rad/s
(b) 3.92 rad/s 2
45. (a) 7.03 m/s 2
(b) radially inward
47. (a) 1.99  107 rad/s
(b) 2.98  10 4 m/s
(c) 5.94  103 m/s 2, directed toward the
center of the orbit

49. 0.577
51. (a) 2.4  10 5 m/s
(b) 5.3  10 20 N
53. 8.71 rad/s 2
55. 693 rad
57. (a) 1.1 rad/s 2
(b) 41 rad
59. 2.10  10 6 rev
61. 974 rev
63. 1.47 rad/s
65. (a) 1.9 m/s 2
(b) 2.4 m/s 2
67. 145 rad/s
69. 22 rev/s
71. (a) 1.25 m/s
(b) 7.98 rev/s
73. (a) 8
(b) 5
75. 25 rev

Chapter 9
1. 843 N
3. 2.1  10 2 N
5. (a) 13 500 N m
(b) 132 000 N m
7. (a) FL
(b) FL
(c) FL
9. 36.9
11. 1.04 m
13. (a) 2704 N
(b) 2590 N
(c) 2180 N
15. 1200 N, to the left
17. 29 m/s
19. (a) 1.60  10 5 N
(b) 4.20  10 5 N
21. V  170 N, P  270 N,
H  210 N
23. 43.3
25. (a) 2260 N
(b) horizontal component: 1450 N
vertical component: 1450 N
27. (a) 1.6  10 4 N
(b) 2.2  10 4 N
29. 1.7 m
31. 9.8  104 N m
33. 0.027 kg m 2
35. hoop: 0.26 N m
disk: 0.13 N m
37. (a) 4.72 rad/s 2
(b) 35.0 N
39. 0.230 kg m 2
41. 1.6 s
43. (a) system A: 229 kg m 2
system B: 321 kg m 2
(b) system A: 1270 N m
system B: 0 N m
(c) system A: 27.7 rad/s
system B: 0 rad/s
45. 0.78 N

Answers to Selected Problems A-19

47. 1700 N m
49. (a) object 1: 12.0 m/s
object 2: 9.00 m/s
object 3: 18.0 m/s
(b) 1.08  10 3 J
(c) 60.0 kg m 2
(d) 1.08  10 3 J
51. 6.1  10 5 rev/min
53. 2/7
55. 8.6 m/s
57. 1.3 m/s
59. 4.4 kg m 2
61. 28 kg
63. 0.47 rad /s
65. 5%
67. 0.573 m
69. (a) 27 N m
(b) 34
71. 7.3 kg
73. 0.50 rad /s 2
75. 1400 N
77. 34 m/s
79. 51.4 N

Chapter 10
1. 237 N
3. 650 N/m
5. (a) 9.1  10 4 N/m
(b) 460 N
7. 1.4 kg
9. 0.224 m
11. 1.13  103 m
13. (a) 0.407 m
(b) 397 m
15. (a) 740 Hz
(b) 15.3 m/s 2
17. (a) 9.84 N
(b) 10.5 rad /s
(c) 1.26 m/s
(d) 13.2 m/s 2
19. 6.0 rad/s
21. 4.3 kg
23. (a) 2.66 Hz
(b) 0.0350 m
25. 0.012 J
27. (a) 83.3 N/m
(b) 12.8 rad /s
29. 0.045 m or 4.5 cm
31. 14 m/s
33. 7.18  102 m
35. 0.59 m/s
37. 40.3 rad /s
39. (a) amplitude  3.59  102 m
frequency  4.24 Hz
(b) amplitude  5.08  102 m
frequency  4.24 Hz
41. 2.20  10 3 N/m
43. 0.46 s
45. (a) 3.5 rad/s
(b) 8.6  102 J
(c) 0.27 m/s

47. (a) 1.64 s

(b) 1.64 s
49. 0.54 s
51. 5.2  104 m
53. 260 m
55. 2.6  102 m
57. (a) 4.9  10 6 N/m 2
(b) 6.0  106 m
59. 1.6  10 5 N
61. 1.4  106
63. 6.6  10 4 N
65. 1.2  10 11 N/m 2
67. (a) 2.5  104
(b) 9.1  105 m
69. 8.6  104
71. 12 m
73. 4.4  105
75. (a) 0.500 m
(b) 3.81 rad/s
(c) 1.91 m/s
77. 61 kg
79. 0.50 m
81. 0.44 m/s
83. 140 N/m
85. 1.25 m/s (11.2-kg block),
0.645 m/s (21.7-kg block)
87. 1.10  103
89. 2.1  105 m
91. (a) 0.25 s
(b) 0.75 s

Chapter 11
1.
3.
5.
7.
9.
11.
13.
15.
17.
19.
21.
23.
25.
27.
29.
31.
33.
35.
37.
39.
41.
43.
45.
47.
49.
51.

1.9  10 4 lb
317 m 2
7.0 102 m
1.9 gal
4240 s
1.0  10 3 N
27
32 N
2400 Pa
0.95 N
10.3 m
(a) 1.00  10 5 Pa
(b) 17.9 m
0.50 m
(a) 2.45  10 5 Pa
(b) 1.73  10 5 Pa
0.74 m
2.1  10 8 N
3.8  10 5 N
(a) 93.0 N
(b) 94.9 N
8.50  10 5 N m
108 N
120 N
200 kg/m 3
390 kg/m 3
20
0.20 m
7.6  102 m

53. 5.28  102 m (inner),

6.20  102 m (outer)
55. 4.5  105 kg /s
57. (a) 0.14 m
(b) 0.11 m
59. 2  10 9
61. 46 Pa (Air enters at B
and exits at A.)
63. 1.92  10 5 N
65. 96 Pa
67. 3.0  10 5 Pa
69. (a) 14 m/s
(b) 0.98 m 3/s
71. 1.81  102 m 3/s
73. 35 m/s
75. 7.78 m/s
77. 0.5 m/s
79. 1.19
81. 1.7 m
83. 6.25
85. 2.5  10 4 Pa
87. 4.93 m
89. 8750 N (The bed should
not be purchased.)
91. 3.91  106 m 3
93. 6.4  10 5 Pa
95. (a) 1.6  104 m 3/s
(b) 2.0  10 1 m/s
97. 7.9  104 m 3
99. 31.3 rad/s
101. 78.4 gal/min
103. 1120 N

Chapter 12
1. (a) 56 F
(b) 31 K
3. (a) 102 C (day), 173 C (night)
(b) 215 F (day), 2.80  10 2 F (night)
5. (a) 196 C
(b) 321 F
7. 44.0 C
9. TR  TF  459.67
11. 0.084 m
13. (a) The radius will be larger.
(b) 0.0017
15. 1.7  105 (C)1
17. 9.3 m
19. 49 C
21. 2.0027 s
23. 43 C
25. 31.7 C (arrangement A),
34.1 C (arrangement B),
30.4 C (arrangement C)
27. 26 C
29. 1.0  106 m 3
31. 3.1  103 m 3
33. 7.3  106 m 3
35. 0.33 gal
37. 1.2  106 m 3
39. 45 atm
41. 6.9

A-20 Answers to Selected Problems

43.
45.
47.
49.
51.
53.
55.
57.
59.
61.
63.
65.
67.
69.
71.
73.
75.
77.
79.
81.
83.
85.
87.
89.
91.
93.
95.
97.
99.
101.

43.0 C
19 C
21.03 C
940 C
598 W
4.4  10 3 N
0.011 C
2.2  10 5 J
(a) 2.4  10 6 J
(b) 5.3 C
1.85  102 kg
0.16 kg
66 C
2.6  103 kg
1.9  10 4 J/kg
3.50  10 2 m/s
(a) 3.0  10 20 J
(b) 2.7 years
5.5
87%
4.3  10 5 J
39%
28%
25 C
3.8  103 kg
57 C
230 C
1.4  103 m
0.223
1.3  102 kg
4.6  10 5 J
32.1 C

Chapter 13
1.
3.
5.
7.
9.
11.
13.
15.
17.
19.
21.
23.
25.
27.
29.
31.
33.
35.
37.
39.
41.
43.

1.5 C
8.0  10 2 J/s
10 J
17
287 C
85 J
(a) 3300 J
(b) 0.39 C
101.9 C
(a) 101.6 C
(b) 114.1 C
4.5
5800 K
(a) 4.7 J/s
(b) 3.6 J/s
1.2  10 4 s
299 W
(a) 67 W
(b) 58 food Calories
0.11 kg
12
1.5  103 m
14.5 d
0.70
0.40 m
(a) 2.0
(b) 0.61

Chapter 14
1.07  1022 kg
aluminum
1.00  102 g
(a) 2.5  10 3 mol
(b) 1.4  10 27
9. 11
11. 1.5 g
13. (a) 201 mol
(b) 1.21  10 5 Pa
15. 2.5  10 21
17. 12
19. 2.8 kg/m 3
21. 39
23. 0.171
25. 5.9  10 4 g
27. 1.04
29. 0.090%
31. 301 K
33. 1.1  1015 kg
35. 4.1  10 5 J
37. (a) 46.3 m 2/s 2
(b) 40.1 m 2/s 2
39. 1.73
41. 2820 m
43. (a) 165 N (assuming the bullets travel
in the  direction)
(b) 165 N
(c) 5.5  10 5 Pa
45. 0.14 kg/m 3
47. (a) 2.1 s
(b) 1.6  105 s
(c) because the diffusional path is zigzag
and not straight-line
49. 5.07  103 m 2
51. (a) The answer is a derivation.
(b) 31 s
53. 304 K
55. 761 K
57. 327 m/s
59. 67.0 m 3
61. 343 m/s
63. 7.23  1020 J
1.
3.
5.
7.

Chapter 15
1. (a) 1.6  10 4 J
(b) 4.2  10 4 J
(c) 2.6  10 4 J
3. (a) 101 J
(b) 87 J
5. (a) 1.2  10 5 J
(b) 5.9  10 5 J
7. (a) 5.03  10 5 J
(b) 1.20  10 2 nutritional Calories
9. 1.2  10 7 Pa
11. 1.3  10 5 Pa
13. (a) 3.0  10 3 J
(b) Work is done by the system.
15. 0.16 m
17. 3.1  10 5 Pa

19. 4.99  106

21. (a) 5.0  10 3 J
(b) 5.0  10 3 J
23. 4700 J
25. 1.81
27. 19.3
29. A to B: U  4990 J, W  3320 J,
Q  8310 J
B to C: U  4990 J, W  0 J,
Q  4990 J
C to D: U  2490 J, W  1660 J,
Q  4150 J
D to A: U  2490 J, W  0 J,
Q  2490 J
31. (a) 8.00  10 4 J
(b) Heat flows out of the gas.
33. (a) 477 K
(b) 323 K
35. (a) 1.1  10 4 J
(b) 1.8  10 4 J
37. 45 K
39. (a) 1.75  10 2 K
(b) 6.56  10 3 J
(c) 2.91  10 3 Pa
41. 0.137 m
43. 2.38  10 4 J
45. (a) 4.6  10 5 J
(b) 4.1  10 5 J
47. 65 J
49. 0.75
51. 256 K
53. (a) 1260 K
(b) 1.74  10 4 J
55. 1090 K
57. lowering the temperature of the cold
reservoir
59. 1.23
61. The answer is a proof.
63. 21
65. 13
67. 284 K
69. 271 K
71. 3.8  10 4 J
73. (a) 2.0  10 1
(b) 1.1  10 4 J
75. engine I: 0.4 J/K (irreversible,
could exist)
engine II: 0 J/K (reversible)
engine III: 1.0 J/K (irreversible,
could not exist)
77. (a) 3.68  10 3 J/K
(b) 1.82  10 4 J/K
(c) The vaporization process creates more
disorder.
79. (a) 8.0  10 2 J/K
(b) The entropy of the universe increases.
81. (a) 1.74 J/K
(b) 811 J
(c) 546 J
83. (a) 2.1  10 2 K
(b) decrease
85. 4.5  103 m 3

Answers to Selected Problems A-21

87. (a) reversible
(b) 125 J/K
89. 5.63  10 5 J
91. (a) 0 J
(b) 2.1  10 3 J
(c) 1.5  10 3 J
93. (a) 24.4 J
(b) 37.3 J/(mol K)
95. 75 K
97. 44.3 s
99. e  e1  e2  e1e2

Chapter 16
1. 5.50  10 14 Hz
3. (a) 8 s
(b) 0.125 Hz
(c) 30 m
(d) 3.8 m/s
(e) It is not possible to determine
the amplitude.
5. 0.25 m
7. 0.20 m/s
9. 6.6  10 1 s
11. (a) 1.09 m/s
(b) 6.55 m
13. 8.68  103 kg /m
15. 7.7 m/s 2
17. (a) 2.0  10 1 m/s
(b) 1.4  10 1 m/s
19. (a) 2.0 m (wave A), 4.0 m (wave B)
(b) 6.0 Hz (wave A), 3.0 Hz (wave B)
(c) 19 m/s (wave A), 4.7 m/s (wave B)
21. m 1  28.7 kg, m 2  14.3 kg
23. 3.26  103 s
25. y  (0.37 m) sin[(8.2 rad /s)t 
(0.68 m1)x]
27. y  (0.25 m) sin[(63 rad /s)t 
(12 m1)x]
29. (a) 4.2 m/s
(b) 0.35 m
(c) y  (3.6  102 m) sin[(75 rad/s)t 
(18 m1)x]
31. 131 m
33. 28.8 K
35. 1730 m/s
37. 690 rad/s
39. 61 m
41. (a) first in metal, second in water,
third in air
(b) Second sound arrives 0.059 s later,
and third sound arrives 0.339 s later.
43. 650 m
45. tungsten
47. 8.0  10 5 m
49. 57% argon, 43% neon
51. 0.404 m
53. 11 W
55. 1.4  105 W/m 2
57. 1.07%
59. 7.6  10 3 W/m 2
61. 9.9  10 2 s

63. (a) 8.0  104 W/m 2

(b) 89 dB
65. 6.0
67. 6.0 dB
69. 0.316 W/m 2
71. 79 400
73. 0.84 s
75. 2.39 dB
77. 110 m/s
79. 1.054
81. 326 Hz
83. 22 m/s
85. 1.5 m/s 2
87. (a) 1570 Hz
(b) 1590 Hz
89. 3.02  106 W/m 2
91. 2.06
93. 64 N
95. 10000
97. 170 cm
99. 3.4 m/s
101. 1.0  10 2
103. 2.6
105. (a) v  v yg
(b) 2.2 m/s at y  0.50 m,
4.4 m/s at y  2.0 m
107. 153 N
109. 239 m/s

Chapter 17
1. 8.42 m
3. The answer is a series of drawings.
5. (a) 13.3 mm
(b) 48.8 mm
7. 3.89 m
9. 33 Hz and 50 Hz
11. 3.90 m, 1.55 m, 6.25 m
13. 12.9
15. (a) 53.8
(b) 23.8
17. 3.7
19. 8 Hz
21. 437 Hz
23. 263 Hz
25. 8 Hz
27. 2.21  103 s
29. 171 N
31. 3.93  103 kg/m
33. (a) 180 m/s
(b) 1.2 m
(c) 150 Hz
35. 0.485
37. 0.075 m
39. 17 Hz
41. 3.0  10 3 Hz
43. 1.90 m
45. 0.30 m
47. (a) 3
(b) 0.57 m
49. 6.1 m
51. 0.557 m
53. 0.28 m

55.
57.
59.
61.

5.06 m
2.92
90 Hz
(a) destructive interference
(b) constructive interference
63. 20.8 and 53.1

Chapter 18
1. 3.04  1018 C
3. (a) 1.6 C
(b) 1.0  10 13 electrons
5. (a) 1.5q
(b) 4q
(c) 4q
7. (a) 3.35  10 26 electrons
(b) 5.36  10 7 C
9. 8 electrons
11. (a) 2.64 N
(b) attractive
15. (a) the same algebraic signs, both positive
or both negative
(b) 1.7  1016 C
17. (a) 4.56  108 C
(b) 3.25  106 kg
19. 7.19  10 23 m/s 2
21. (a) 0.166 N directed along the y axis
(b) 111 m/s 2 directed along the y axis
23. 1.96  1017 J
25. 3.3  106 C
27. (a) 15.4
(b) 0.813 N
29. 1.37
31. 1.8 N due east
33. 24 N/C
37. 0.16 N m
39. 4.9  10 3 N/C directed downward
41. 1.81  10 2 N/C in Figure 18.21a and
3.11  10 2 N/C in Figure 18.21b
43. 3.3  10 5 N/C directed along the x axis
45. 3.9  10 6 N/C directed along the y axis
47. 1.9  102 m
49. 1.3  10 7 m/s
51. 61
53. 3.25  108 C
55. (a) 350 N m2/C
(b) 460 N m2/C
57. 70
59. The answer is a proof.
61. (a) The flux through the face in the x, z plane
at y  0 m is 6.0  10 1 N m2/C.
The flux through the face parallel to
the x, z plane at y  0.20 m is 6.0 
10 1 N m2/C. The flux through each of
the remaining four faces is zero.
(b) 0 N m2/C
63. The answer is a drawing.
65. q on the interior surface and 3q on the
exterior surface
67. (a) 3.1  10 7 N/C directed along the
x axis
(b) 7.0  10 8 N/C directed along the
x axis

A-22 Answers to Selected Problems

69.
71.
73.
75.

3.8  1012 electrons

q1  0.716 q and q2  0.0895 q
2.5  10 4 N/C
0.76

Chapter 19
1.
3.
5.
7.
9.
11.

13.
15.
17.
19.
21.
23.
25.
27.
29.
31.
33.
35.
37.

39.

41.

43.
45.
47.
49.
51.
53.
55.
57.
59.
61.
63.
65.
67.

5.1  1011 J
1.1  1020 J
67 hp
26 m/s
339 V
(a) 3.0  10 10 J
(b) 7.4  10 3 m/s
(c) 7.2  10 4 kg
4.05  10 4 V
3.5
9.4  10 3 V
7.8  10 6 V
4.6  106 C
0.746 J
5.00  1015 m
0.0559 m
1.41  102 m
1.1 m
8.8  10 6 V/m
2.8  10 4 V
(a) 198 V
(b) 171 V
(c) 180 V
(a) 0 V/m
(b) 1.0  10 1 V/m
(c) 5.0 V/m
(a) 0 V
(b) 290 V
(c) 290 V
1.1  10 3 V
(a) 33 J
(b) 8500 W
4.0
(a) 1.3  1012 C
(b) 8.1  10 6 ions
52 V
7.7 V decrease
2.77  10 6 m/s
2  108 F
88 V
5.40  105 C
0.032 m
1.9  104 C
The answer is a proof.

Chapter 20
1. (a) 3.6  102 C
(b) 2.3  10 17 electrons
3. 9.1  10 5 J
5. (a) 1.5  1011 A
(b) 4.7  10 7 ions
7. 19
9. (a) 7.0  10 13 protons
(b) 25 C

11.
13.
15.
17.
19.
21.
23.
25.
27.
29.
31.
33.
35.
37.
39.

41.
45.
47.
49.
51.
53.

55.
57.
61.
63.
65.
67.
69.
71.
73.
75.
77.
79.

81.
83.
85.
87.
89.
91.
93.
97.
99.
101.
103.
105.
107.
109.

0.21
0.0050 (C)1
1.64
9.3%
70
39.5 C
6.0  10 2 W
$5.9  10 6
7.9 h
3.12  104 m
250 C
(a) 670 W
(b) 1340 W
150 W
21 V
(a) 50.0 Hz
(b) 2.40  10 2
(c) 60.0 W
(a) 145
(b) 74 V
10 V
(a) 15.5 V
(b) 14.2 W
(a) 35
(b) 5.0  10 1
288 (50.0-W filament) and
144 (100.0-W filament)
(a) 65.0
(b) 38.8
(c) 1.25 W
(d) 2.09 W
(a) 4.00 A
(b) 1176 W
190
2.81  108 m2
11 A
4.6
42
6.00 , 0.545 , 3.67 , 2.75 ,
2.20 , 1.50 , 1.33 , 0.833
25
30 bulbs
12.0 V
24.0 V
(a) 0.38 A
(b) 2.0  10 1 V
(c) Point B is at the higher potential.
0.73 A to the left
6.0 A (left to right) in the 2.0- resistor,
2.0 A (left to right) in the 8.0- resistor
1.82 A (downward) in the 4.00- resistor
4.36 A
30.0 V
820 and 8.00  103 A
7.7 V
2.0 F
The answer is a proof.
11 V
4.1  107 F
1.2  102 s
0.29 s
39 F

82
34.6 C
0.0835
(a) .69
(b) 114 V
121. 279
111.
113.
115.
119.

Chapter 21
1.
3.
5.
7.
9.
11.
13.
15.
17.
19.

21.
23.
25.
27.
29.
31.
33.
35.
37.

39.
41.
43.
45.
47.
49.
51.
53.
55.
57.
59.
61.
63.
65.
67.
69.
71.
73.

1.3  10 13 m/s 2
4.1  103 m/s
58
1.1  102 N
1.3  1010 N, directed out of the page
(a) due south
(b) 2.55  10 14 m/s2
0.14 T
(a) negative
(b) 2.7  103 kg
0.338 T
(a) 1.08  107 m/s
(b) 7.60  1012 N
(c) 0.102 m
1.63  102 m
0.16 T
8.7  103 s
(a) 3.6  103 N
(b) 1.2  104 C
1.8  10 5 m/s
5.1  105 T
5.17  103 T
3.0 m
(a) 0 N (side AB), 24.2 N (side BC,
directed perpendicularly out of
the paper), 24.2 N (side AC,
directed perpendicularly into the
paper)
(b) 0 N
44
14 A
2.2 A
4.19  103 N m
1.27
(a) 170 N m
(b) 35 angle increases
8.3 N
(a) downward
(b) 3.1  104 T
2.8  10 4 turns/m
7.6  105 T
(a) 4.3  105 T
(b) 5.3  105 T
8.6 A in a direction opposite to the current
in the inner coil
between the wires and 0.800 m from wire 1
1.04  102 T
361 A
(a) 9.6  106 T
(b) 4.2  106 T
The answer is a proof.
19.7

Answers to Selected Problems A-23

75.
77.
79.
81.

0.062 m
0.20 N
1.8  103 N
(a) 0
(b) 0.29 m
83. 0.030 m
85. 1.9  105 A m 2

Chapter 22
3. 7800 V
5. rod A: emf  0 V; rod B: emf  1.6 V,
with end 2 being positive; rod C:
emf  0 V
7. 25 m/s
9. 240 m
13. 70.5
15. 2.2  103 Wb
17. both triangular ends: 0 Wb; bottom surface:
0 Wb; 1.2 m  0.30 m surface: 0.090 Wb;
1.2  0.50 m surface: 0.090 Wb
19. 0.25 V
21. 1.3  106 T
23. (a) 0.38 V
(b) 0.43 m2/s
25. 0.14 V
27. (a) 7.8  103 V
(b) The area of the loop must be shrunk
at a rate of 4.3  103 m2/s.
29. 0.84 A
31. 2100 rad/s
33. When the loop is viewed from above, the
external magnetic field is directed toward
the viewer.
35. (a) clockwise in loop A
(b) counterclockwise in loop B
37. There is no induced current.
39. (a) location I: x : y : z
location II: z : y : x
(b) location I: z : y : x
location II: x : y : z
41. 0.150 m
43. 4.3  10 5
45. 38 m
47. 15.4 V
49. 1.1  10 9 J
51. 2.5  10 2 H
53. 1.4 V
55. 220 turns
57. 0.033 m
59. M  0 N1 N2 R 22 /(2R1)
61. 1.0  10 1 W
63. 0.25
65. 0.20 A
67. (a) 7.0  10 5 W
(b) 7.0  10 1 W
69. The answer is a proof.
71. (a) 11 V
(b) 720 Hz
73. (a) clockwise
(b) clockwise

75. 0.86 A
77. 0.050 V
81. 2.6  10 5 A

Chapter 23
1.
3.
5.
7.
9.
11.
13.
15.

17.
19.
21.
23.
25.
27.
29.
31.
33.
35.
37.
39.
41.
43.
45.
47.
49.
51.

9470 Hz
36
2.7  106 F
(a) 6.4  106 F
(b) 9.0  104 C
0.44 A
24.6
169 mH
(a) 1.11  10 4 Hz
(b) 6.83  109 F
(c) 6.30  10 3
(d) 7.00  10 2
83.9 V
(a) 0.925 A
(b) 31.8
(a) 359
(b) 51.3
38 V
110 Hz
(a) 21.7 V
(b) 0.143 A
72
2.2  105 H
(a) 275 Hz
(b) 17.0 A
0.81 W
(a) 1.3  103 H
(b) 8.7  106 F
8 additional capacitors
1.1%
5.00  102 s
resistor: 10.5 V, capacitor: 19.0 V,
inductor: 29.6 V
8.0  10 1 Hz
0.075 A
(a) 2.08  103 H
(b) 6.05
(c) 0.281

Chapter 24
1. 2.73  10 12 m
5. (a) 2.4  10 9 Hz
(b) 0.063 m
7. 11.118 m
9. 4.4  10 8 Hz
11. 1.93  10 12
13. 4.500  10 7 Hz
15. 6.4  10 18 m
17. 1.3  10 6 m
19. 77.7 m/s
21. 8.75  10 5 times
23. (a) 6.81  10 5 N/C
(b) 2.27  103 T
25. 0.07 N/C
27. 2.7  10 11 W

29. 3.93  10 26 W
31. 920 W
33. (a) 2.1  10 4 W/m2
(b) 1.1  10 2 W
(c) 53 s
35. (a) receding
(b) 3.1  10 6 m/s
37. (a) 6.175  10 14 Hz
(b) 6.159  10 14 Hz
39. (a) 1.10 W/m2
(b) 7.4  102 W/m2
41. 21.5
43. 22 W/m2
45. 206 W/m2
47. 21 analyzers
49. (a) 473 nm
(b) 606 nm
51. 1.5  104 H
53. (a) 162 N/C
(b) 5.40  107 T
55. increased by an additional 9.3
59. 7.50  109 J
61. 5600 W

Chapter 25
1. Image 1: x  2.0 m, y  1.0 m
Image 2: x  2.0 m, y  1.0 m
Image 3: x  2.0 m, y  1.0 m
3. 7.2 m
5. 55
7. only the arrow A
9. (a) 0.0670
(b) 7 m
11. (a) 70.6
(b) 62.1
13. The image is 6.4 cm behind the mirror.
15. (a) The image is 28 cm behind the mirror.
(b) The image is 7.6 cm tall.
17. (a) The image is 22.2 cm behind the mirror.
(b) The image is 6.67 cm tall.
19. 16 cm
21. (a) 290 cm
(b) 8.9 cm
(c) upside down
23. 9.80 cm, concave
25. (a) 3.9 m
(b) 0.35
27. (a) convex
(b) 30.0 cm
29. 42.0 cm
31. (a) 82 m
(b) 11 m
33. 56 cm
35. (a) 1.07  10 5 m
(b) 1420 m/s
37. 14 cm
39. (a) 0.91 m
(b) 0.85 m
41. (a) R
(b) 1
(c) inverted

A-24 Answers to Selected Problems

43. 1.2 m/s pointing in the x direction
45. 4
47. 2.16

Chapter 26
1.
3.
5.
7.
9.

11.
13.
15.
17.
19.
21.
23.
25.
27.
29.
31.
33.
35.
37.
39.
41.
43.
45.
47.
49.
51.
53.

55.
57.

59.
61.
63.
65.
67.
69.

71.

2.0  1011 s
1.90  10 8 m/s
ethyl alcohol
1.82
(a) 46
(b) 50
(c) 69
(d) 0
0.7
1.92  10 8 m/s
2.46  10 8 m/s
1.65
2.0 m
1.59 mm
The answer is a derivation.
3.04 cm
65.1 (The ray of light will not enter
the water.)
(a) 1.50
(b) 1.18
(a) point B
(b) point A
1.35
0.813
1.37
30.0
(a) 60.1
(b) 1.74
0.86
0.35
45.7 (red), 48.6 (violet)
d i  18 cm
(a) 0.00535 m
(b) 0.0271 m
(a) 3.78 m
(b) width  8.40  10 2 mm
height  1.26  10 3 mm
2.8
(a) 204 cm
(b) real
(c) 17.1 cm
(a) 4.52  104 m
(b) 4.89  102 m
42 cm
33.8 cm and 96.2 cm
5.6 cm
12 cm
(a) 4.00 cm to the left of the diverging lens
(b) 0.167
(c) virtual
(d) inverted
(e) smaller
(a) 18.1 cm
(b) real
(c) inverted

75. 12 m
77. 28.1 cm
79. 0.19 diopters (right eye),
0.15 diopters (left eye)
81. (a) 4.5 m
(b) 0.50 m
83. 18
85. (a) 7.19 cm
(b) 3.48
87. 13.7 cm
89. 15.4
91. 0.59 cm
93. 0.86 cm
95. (a) 30.0
(b) 4.27 cm
(c) 4.57
97. 1.3 m
101. (a) 210
(b) 8.4  105 m
(c) 1.80  10 6 m
103. (a) 1.482 m
(b) 0.018 m
105. (a) d i  75 cm, m  2.5
(b) d i  75.0 cm, m  2.50
107. 1.51
111. 6.2  103 rad
113. 34.3
115. (a) 34.6 cm
(b) 32.4 cm
117. (a) 8.6 cm
(b) 2.2 mm
119. (a) converging lens
(b) 2 f
(c) 2 f
121. (a) 11.8 cm
(b) 47.8 cm
123. 184
125. (a) 22.4 cm
(b) 28.4 cm

Chapter 27
1. (a) 11
(b) 22
(c) 34
(d) 48
3. (a) Destructive interference occurs.
(b) 3.50 m and 1.00 m from one of
the sources
5. 4.9  107 m
7. 8 (version A), 6 (version B)
9. 0.0256 m
11. 487 nm
13. 102 nm
15. 6.12  107 m
17. 1.18
19. 115 nm
21. 0.0280 m
23. (a) 1.1
(b) 3.0  105 m
25. (a) 0.21
(b) 22

27.
29.
31.
33.
35.
37.
39.
41.
43.
45.
47.
49.
51.

53.
55.
57.
59.
61.
63.
65.

0.752 m
3.18 cm
10
1.8  10 18 m
1.0  10 4 m
(a) 9.7 mm
(b) The hunters claim is not reasonable.
2.3 m
(a) 1.22
(b) shorter wavelength
644 nm
551 nm
3.0  106 m
585 nm and 439 nm
(a) violet light:  9.1
red light:  15
(b) violet light:  18
red light:  31
(c) violet light:  28
red light:  50
(d) The second and third orders overlap.
(a) 2
(b) m B  4, m A  2 and m B  6, m A  3
571 nm
6.0  105 m
1.6 mm
0.75
2.0  105 m
2.18 m

Chapter 28
1. (a) 4.9  109 s
(b) 1.5 m
3. 0.999 95c
5. 2.12 s
7. 16
9. 2.60  10 8 m/s
11. 8.1 km
13. 1.8
15. 40.2
17. 3.0 m  1.3 m
19. 7.5  1019 kg m/s
21. 1.1 m
23. 2.0 m/s
25. 1.8  1012 J
27. 5.3  10 6 mi
29. (a) 1.0
(b) 6.6
31. 1.1  10 24 kg/s
33. 1.8  10 7 kg m/s
35. 0.31c
37. 0.80c
39. These answers assume that the direction of
the cruiser, the ions, and the laser light is
the positive direction.
(a) c
(b) 0.993c
(c) 0.250c
(d) 0.243c
41. (a) 2.82  10 8 m/s
(b) 1.8  1016 kg m/s

Answers to Selected Problems A-25

43.
45.
47.
49.

2.3 light-years
65 h
56 m
(a) 4.3 years
(b) the twin traveling at 0.500c is older

Chapter 29
1. (a) 1.63  10 7 m
(b) 1.84  10 15 Hz
(c) ultraviolet region
3. 7.0 eV
5. 310 nm
7. 1.20 eV
9. 73 photons/s
11. 162 nm
15. (a) 5.4  10 12 Hz
(b) infrared region
17. 75
19. 4.569  1024 kg m/s
21. 9.50  1017 m
23. 3.22  10 6 m/s
25. 1  1018 m
27. (a) 3.81  1036 m/s
(b) 8.32  10 27 years
29. 7.38  1011 m
31. 2.5  1010 m
33. 1.10  10 3 m/s
35. 6.01  10 11 m
37. (a) 2.1  10 35 kg m/s
(b) 4.7  10 34 m/s
(c) 2.3  10 5 m/s
39. 7.1  106 m/s
41. 8.0%
43. 2.10  10 3 m/s
45. 7.77  1013 J
47. A  2.75  107 m and
B  3.35  107 m
49. 2.68  10 4 V
51. (a) 5.0  10 18 photons/s
(b) 4.4 W/m2

Chapter 30
1. (a) 6.2  1031 m3
(b) 4  1045 m3
(c) 7  1013%
3. 2 miles
5. 8.9  1014 m
7. n  3
9. 16
11. 1.98  1019 J
13. 6.56  107 m and 1.22 
107 m
15. 13.6 eV, 3.40 eV, and 1.51 eV
17. n i  6 and n f  2
19. The answer is a proof.
21. (a) vn  (2ke2 Z)/(n h)
(b) 2.19  10 6 m/s

23.

25.
27.
29.
31.

(c) 1.09  10 6 m/s

(d) Yes.
(a) 1.51 eV
(b) 2.58  1034 J s
(c) 2.11  1034 J s
0.378 eV
1.732
0.544 eV, 0.378 eV, and 0.278 eV
(a)
ms
n

(b)

2
2

0
0

0
0

1/2
1/2

ms

2
2
2
2
2
2

1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
0
0
1
1

1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2

33. 50
35. (a) not allowed
(b) allowed
(c) not allowed
(d) allowed
(e) not allowed
37. carbon (Z  6)
39. 6.83  1011 m
41. Z  32 (germanium, Ge)
43. 21 600 V
45. 2.9  10 17 photons
49. 2.8  10 16 photons
51. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6
5s2 4d10
53.
ms
n

m
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

3
3
2
2
1
1
0
0
1
1
2
2
3
3

1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2

55. (a) 7458 nm

(b) 2279 nm
(c) infrared region
57. (a) Bohr model: L  h/(2),
quantum mechanics: L  0 J s
(b) Bohr model: L  3h /(2),
quantum mechanics: L  0 J s,
L  12 h /(2), and L  16 h /(2)
59. 6
n i
19
61. 30.39 nm

Chapter 31
1. (a) 1.31  10 17 C
(b) 126
(c) 208
(d) 7.1  10 15 m
(e) 2.3  10 17 kg/m3
3. (a) 117 neutrons, platinum (Pt)
(b) 16 neutrons, sulfur (S)
(c) 34 neutrons, copper (Cu)
(d) 6 neutrons, boron (B)
(e) 145 neutrons, plutonium (Pu)
5. (a) 92 protons
(b) 122 neutrons
(c) 41 electrons
7. 42 He
9. 1.1  10 4 m
11. 39.25 MeV
13. (a) 0.008 285 u
(b) 0.009 105 u
(c) More energy must be supplied to 31 T
than to helium 32 He.
15. (a) 1.741 670 u
(b) 1622 MeV
(c) 7.87 MeV/nucleon
17. 1.003 27 u
19. (a) 189 F : 188 O  10 e
(b) 158 O : 157 N  10 e
21. 0.313 MeV
23. 4.87 MeV
25. (a) 238
92 U
(b) 24
12 Mg
(c) 136 C
27. 1.61  10 7 m/s
29. 0.072 MeV (thorium atom) and
4.2 MeV (alpha particle)
31. 1.82 MeV
33. f  1/16
35. 387 yr
37. 63 disintegrations/min
39. 8.00 days
41. 1.5  10 13 Bq
43. 1.43  103 g
45. 7.23 days
47. 2.2  10 3 yr
49. (a) 0.999
(b) 1.36  109
(c) 0.755
51. age  6900 yr, maximum error  900 yr
53. 2.28  1028 kg
55. 4.88  1010 yr
57. (a) 
(b) 
(c)
(d)
59. 4 782 969 electrons
61. 212
84 Po

Chapter 32
1. 12
3. (a) 14 Gy
(b) 2.5 J

A-26 Answers to Selected Problems

2.4  10 4 rem
6.9  10 4 C
3.1  10 11 s1
1.6  10 9
 178 O 9: 126 C  42 He  10 n
(a) A  233, Z  90, thorium 233
90 Th
(b) A  233, Z  92, uranium 233
92 U
17. (a) sulfur 31
16 S
(b) proton 11 H
(c) potassium 41
19 K
(d) neon 20
10 Ne
19. 13.6 MeV
21. 9.0  104
5.
7.
9.
11.
13.
15.

23.
25.
27.
29.
31.
33.
35.
37.

54 collisions
232.7851 u
160 MeV
4600 kg
4.03 MeV
3.3 MeV
1.3  104 kg
(a) 1.0  10 22 deuterium atoms
(b) 9.1  10 9 kg
39. 33.9 MeV
41. (a) The K  particle does not contain u, c,
or t quarks.

43.
45.
47.
49.
51.
53.

(b) The K  particle does not contain d , s,

or b antiquarks.
(a) 2.7  1020 kg m/s
(b) 2.5  1014 m
0.18 MeV
The three possibilities are (1) u, d, s;
(2) u, d, b; (3) u, s, b.
184 MeV
1.0 gallon
(a) 8.2  10 10 J
(b) 0.48 g