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Environment and Ecology

Ecology is the scientific study of the distribution and abundance of organisms


and their interactions with their environment. The environment of an organism
includes all external factors, such as climate and geology, and including
members of the same species and other species that share a habitat. If the
general life science of biology is viewed as a hierarchy of levels of organization,
from molecular processes, to cells, tissues and organs, and finally to the
individual, the population and the ecosystem, then the study of the latter three
levels belongs within the field of ecology.
Examples of ecological study include: Population processes, including
reproductive behavior, mortality and migration.
Aside from pure scientific inquiry, ecology is also a highly applied science. Much
of natural resource management, such as forestry, fisheries, wildlife
management and habitat conservation is directly related to ecological sciences
and many problems in agriculture, urban development and public health are
informed by ecological considerations.
The term ecology has also been appropriated for philosophical ideologies like
social ecology and is sometimes used as a synonym for the natural
environment. Likewise ecological is often taken in the sense of
environmentally friendly.
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Deforestation is the logging and burning of trees in a forested area. There are
several reasons for doing so: trees or derived charcoal can be sold as a
commodity and are used by humans while cleared land is used as pasture and
human settlement. The removal of trees without sufficient reforestation has
resulted in damage to habitat, biodiversity loss and aridity. Also deforested
regions often degrade into wasteland.
In many countries, deforestation is an ongoing issue which is causing
extinction, changes to climatic conditions, desertification and displacement of
indigenous people.
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Afforestation is the process of establishing a forest on land that is not a


forest, or has not been a forest for a long time by planting trees or their seeds.

The term reforestation generally refers to the reestablishment of the forest


after its removal or planting more trees. Since the industrial revolution many
countries have experienced centuries of deforestation, and some governments
and non-governmental organizations directly engage in programs of
afforestation to restore forests and assist in preservation of biodiversity.

Environment and Ecology


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Ecology

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Ministry of Environment affairs


Ecosystem
Ecosphere
Ecoclimate
Ecodevelopment
Ecologist
Ecology
Earth Charter
Earth Day
Abyssal environment
Aquatic life
Affordable water

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Running water
Underground/groundwater
subterranean
Coastal Zone/area
Coastal water(s)
Ocean floor
Sea bed
Fisheries
Shellfishery
Fish shoal
Juvenile fish
Juvenile water
River-borne sediments
Climatology
Agro-climatology
Ambient air
Ambient temperature









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Flora and fauna


Forestry
Cultivable land
Seasonal crops
Vegetarian
Glaciology
Ice cap
Ontology

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Biodiversity
Metabolism
Acclimatization
Wild animals
Wild life
Captive animals
Semi-captive animals
Cattle grazing
Sedimentary Rock




) (

B.

Climate Changes

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Global climate changes


Cyclone
Hurricane
Smog
Dust storm
Sand storm
Wind storm
Easterlies
Westerlies
Monsoon winds
Equator
Dew
Humidity
Mist

C.

Conservation of the
Environment

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Egyptain Environmental Affairs


Agency
Ecofriend
Greenbelt

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Conservation of nature
Clean technology
Clearing up pollution
Air quality control
De-pollution
Desalination
Detoxication
Disaster management
Pollution control
Restoration of soil
Afforestation
Ozone hole
Ozone-friendly technology

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Energy conservation
Green car
Biofuel
Smokeless fuel
Zero Emission Vehicle

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Collection of household refuse


Storing of refuse
Sanitary landfill
Rational Waste Management
Hygienic waste disposal

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Rationalization of hunting animals


Hazard rediction

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Natural phenomena

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Age-old forests
Air current
Beach erosion
Land erosion
Coral reefs
Deglaciation
Desertification
Ebb & tide
Swamps/marshland
Pristine area
Quick sand

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Sand dunes
Sand flats
Uplands
Vortex
Waterfalls/cataracts

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Natural Disasters

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biodeterioration
Bush fire
Conflagration
Disaster-prone area
Disaster stricken area
Distressed area
Drought-prone area
Endangered natural resources

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Endangered species

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Extinct species
Famine

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Environmental Abuse

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Environment degration
Agrochemicals
Deforestation
Soil degradation
Over grazing
Over cropping
Over fertilization

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Over fishing/over hunting


Air pollution load



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Airborne contaminant=Air pollutant

Airborne emissions
Airborne particles
Air pollutants
Air pollution
Breakdown of wastes
Build up of pollutants
Disposal of wastes

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Dump
Dumping at sea

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Effluent discharge
Incineration of wastes
Refuse collection
Pollutant

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Contaminated food
Dust deposit
Emission trading
Energy-intensive technology
Noxious emissions
Off-gases
Off-odor
Exhausts
Fossil fuel
Fumes
Fumigation
Fumes/vapors
Global warning
Greenhouse effect
Greenhouse gases
Radiation
Carcinogen
Carbon release
Cement plants
Combustion residue
Depletion of Ozone Layer
Sanitary drainage
Sewer
Toxics
Thermal pollution
Marine pollution
Oil spill







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G.

Miscellaneous

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Pumping station
Organic elements
Hygiene

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