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EKT313 ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS

FREQUENCY MODULATOR/ DEMODULATOR PROJECT

FREQUENCY MODULATION/ DEMODULATION


1.0 PROJECT OBJECTIVES

At the end of the project: Students being able to design an individual circuit or device that make up of FM modulation/ demodulation systems and understand the function of each subsystem Students being able to construct and test their designed modulator/ demodulator circuit Students become familiar with the use of design and simulation tools in design process

2.0

INTRODUCTION

In this project, students are required to design a complete modulator and demodulator circuit of frequency modulation (FM) systems. The circuit comprises of individual FM modulator and demodulator is needed to be design, construct and test. The integration of individual circuit for complete FM modulation systems is expected to be carried out at the final stage of the project. The use of deign and simulation tools such as ORCAD is recommended at the early stage of design process.

3.0

THEORY

Frequency Modulation Frequency modulation (FM) is the standard technique for high-fidelity communications as is evident in the received signals of the FM band (88-108 MHz) vs. the AM band (4501650 KHz). The main reason for the improved fidelity is that FM detectors, when properly designed, are not sensitive to random amplitude variations which are the dominant part of electrical noise (heard as static on the AM radio). Frequency modulation is not only used in commercial radio broadcasts, but also in police and hospital communications, emergency channels, TV sound, wireless (cellular) telephone systems, and radio amateur bands above 30 MHz.

EKT313 ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS

FREQUENCY MODULATOR/ DEMODULATOR PROJECT

The basic idea of an FM signal vs. an AM signal is shown in Fig. 1. In an FM signal, the frequency of the signal is changed by the modulation (baseband) signal while its amplitude remains the same. In an AM signal, we now know that it is the amplitude (or the envelope) of the signal that is changed by the modulation signal. The FM signal can be summarized as follows:

Figure 1: FM representation vs. AM representation. The amplitude of the modulation signal determines the amount of the frequency change from the center frequency. The frequency of the modulation signal determines the rate of the frequency change from the center frequency. The amplitude of the FM signal is constant at all times and is independent of the modulation signal.

EKT313 ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS

FREQUENCY MODULATOR/ DEMODULATOR PROJECT

4.0

PROJECT METHODOLOGY & INSTRUCTIONS 1. The project will be divided into 3 mini-project: Project 1: Design, construction and testing of FM modulator circuit Project 2: Design, construction and testing of FM demodulator circuit Project 3: Circuits integration of modulator and demodulator. Testing of complete FM modulation systems 2. Students will be divided into group of two per group and each group is required to define their own project specifications and each specification should be different from other group. Remarks: Your specification is the frequency in which your modulator/ demodulator will operate i.e. carrier and modulating frequency 3. A circuit diagram with some missing components parameters will be given. Students are required to study the circuit and do their own analysis on the design. By referring to the given sample of circuit diagram as an example, each group is required to design their own circuit with reference to the specifications. 4. Finally, the designed and constructed circuit needs to be tested and verified. The circuit must be able to demonstrate a good workable modulator/ demodulator with less noise or distortion. 5. At each phases, the use of design and simulation tools such as ORCAD or others is recommended. 6. At the end of every phase, students are required to prepare and submit a formal report.

5.0

RECOMMENDED REFERENCES 1. R. Dennis, C. John, Electronic Communications, Fourth Edition, Prentice Hall, 1995 2. Joseph J. Carr, RF Circuit Design, Third Edition, McGraw Hill, 2001 3. B. Roy, Electronic Communication Systems, Second Edition, Delmar, 2001

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