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1
C
2 Vrms
0.52 Irms
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
For applied sinusoidal voltages (8)
) <3kV
A C value of 450 can be used where the relay operate voltage is less than 100V, a C value of 1000 is
recommended for settings above 100V. These values have a negligible effect on the relay circuit operate
current.
Metrosil short time power rating must;
Be sufficient to dissipate the heat created by the flow of maximum secondary internal fault current. The
Metrosil is chosen so that it can withstand IFint for the maximum fault clearance time. For a failed circuit
breaker condition the back up protection clearance time must be considered typically a one second
rating is sufficient.
P1SEC
K F
V T I
4
(10)
Technical Guidance Notes - Restricted Earth Fault Protection
2012 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Page 12 of 40
2.2.5 Resistors
When the relay circuit operates for an internal fault the circuit breakers are opened and the flow of fault current
ceases. Where a CB fails to trip then fault current will flow in the high impedance circuit until the fault is cleared by
the operation of CB fail or back up protection. The fault clearance time for failed CB conditions should be
considered when specifying the thermal rating of the relay circuit components.
Alternatively the high impedance circuit can be arranged to short circuit the external components after operation.
The resistor continuous power rating must:
Be sufficient for continuous operation at the circuit operate voltage (Vs) and/or operate setting:
PCONT >=I
2
x R or PCONT >=Vs
2
/R
Short time rated to withstand IFint for the maximum fault clearance time. For a failed circuit breaker
condition the back up protection clearance time is considered typically a one second rating is sufficient.
R
V
P
2
Fint
1SEC > Where: 1.3 x ) I x R x (V V
4
Fint
3
K Fint > (11)
Where IFint is not known, the breaking capacity current of the Circuit Breaker can be used.
As stated in section 2.2.3 the 7SR relays have a stabilising resistor connected in series with the REF
current input. 7PG23 relays use a shunt connected resistor to increase the operate current where
required.
Technical Guidance Notes - Restricted Earth Fault Protection
2012 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Page 13 of 40
3. 7SR Relays: Example Calculations
Figure 3-1 AC Connections Balanced/Restricted Earth Fault Protection
Figure 3-2 Calculation Procedure 7SR Series Relay
Technical Guidance Notes - Restricted Earth Fault Protection
2012 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Page 14 of 40
3.1 7SR Relay: Balanced EF Protection - 3 Wire System
Figure 3-3 Example System Balanced Earth Fault Protection
Line CT (LCT) and Connecti on Details
Turns ratio (T) 1/200
Voltage Knee Point (VK) 120V
Magnetising Current (Imag) @ VK 30mA
CT secondary resistance (RCT) 2.5 Ohms
CT lead loop resistance (RL) 0.15 Ohms max.
Settings Requirements
Rated current =VA / (3 x VL)
Rated current =10 x 10
6
/ (3 x 33000) =175A
Assigned through fault current (rated stability limit) =16 x rated current =2.8kA. See section 2.2.1
Required Primary Operate Current
Typically 10 25% of protected winding rated current (Irated), or as specified by the user.
POCprov (10 25% of Irated) =17.5 43.8A. Say 20A. (0.1A secondary). See section 2.2.2
Technical Guidance Notes - Restricted Earth Fault Protection
2012 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Page 15 of 40
Cal culati on of Requi red Stabil ity Voltage Limits
The assigned through fault current is 2800A.
With reference to section 2.2.1
, )
60 Vs 37.1
V 60
2
120
2
V
V
37.1V 0.15 2.5
200
2800
T ) R (R I V
K
S
L CT F S
< <
= = s
= + = + >
Cal culati on of Stabil i si ng Resi stor Val ue
The required relay setting (Is) can be calculated from:
POC =( 3(IMAGLCT) +Is ) / T
Therefore: Is =POC x T 3(IMAGLCT) =20/200 3(IMAGLCT)
Is =0.1 3(IMAGLCT)
Say Vsprov =50V (from requirement 37.1 <Vs <60)
From CT magnetising curve (see appendix) : At 50V IMAGLCT =8mA
Is =0.1 3(0.008) =0.076A say 0.08A
Rstab =50/.08 =625 Ohms (Say 600 Ohms giving Vs =600 x 0.08 =48V)
Metrosi l Speci fi cati on
With reference to section 2.2.4
C Value
Vs =48V (i.e. <100V) so a C value of 450 is chosen
Short Time Power Rating
From equation 10:
W 2139 120
200
1
2800
4
P
V T I
4
P
1SEC
K F 1SEC
= >
>
For values <8kW/s a 75mm Metrosil is used.
Technical Guidance Notes - Restricted Earth Fault Protection
2012 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Page 16 of 40
Stabil isi ng Resi stor Speci fi cati on
With reference to section 2.2.5
Continuous Power Rating
3.8W P
600 x 0.08 P
R x I P
CONT
2
CONT
stab
2
s CONT
>
>
>
Short Time Power Rating
R
V
P
stab
2
Fint
1SEC > Where: 1.3 x ) I x R x (V V
4
Fint stab
3
K Fint >
W 339
600
451
P
V 451 1.3 14 x 600 x (120 V
1.3 x ) I x R x (V V
14A
200
2800
I
2
1SEC
4
3
Fint
4
Fint stab
3
K Fint
Fint
= >
= >
>
= =
Summary of Rel ay Setti ngs and Components
REF Element =Enabled
REF Setting (Is) =0.08A
REF Delay =0s
Rstab =600 Ohms, 30W continuous (typical manufacturers data)
Metrosil: diameter =75mm, C value =450
POC (Fault Setting) =( 3(IMAGLCT) +Is ) / T
POC =(3(0.008) +0.08) x 200 =20.8A
Technical Guidance Notes - Restricted Earth Fault Protection
2012 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Page 17 of 40
3.2 7SR Relay: Restricted Earth Fault Protection - 3 Wire + Earth System
7SR
REF
Rstab
NLR
1/600
1/600
10MVA
11kV
Figure 3-4 Example System 3 Wire +Earth REF Protection
CT and Connecti on Details
Line CT (LCT) Earth CT (ECT)
Turns ratio (T) 1/600 1/600
Voltage Knee Point (VK) 360V 300V
Magnetising Current (Imag) @ VK 30mA 40mA
CT secondary resistance (RCT) 7.5 6.0
CT lead loop resistance (RL) 0.15 0.2
Settings Requirements
Rated current =VA / (3 x VL)
Rated current =10 x 10
6
/ (3 x 11000) =525A
Assigned through fault current (rated stability limit) =16 x rated current =8.4kA. See section 2.2.1
Required Primary Operate Current (Fault Setting)
10 25% of protected winding rated current, or as specified by the user.
POCprov (10 25% of Irated) =52.5 - 131A. Say 60A. (0.1A secondary). See section 2.2.2
Technical Guidance Notes - Restricted Earth Fault Protection
2012 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Page 18 of 40
Cal culati on of Requi red Stabil ity Voltage Limits
The assigned through fault current is 8400A.
With reference to section 2.2.1
, )
, )
150 Vs 107.1
0V 15
2
300
2
V
V
.8V 86 0.2 6
600
8400
V
107.1V 0.15 7.5
600
8400
V
T ) R (R I V
KMIN
S
S
S
L CT F S
< <
= = s
= + >
= + >
+ >
Cal culati on of Stabil i si ng Resi stor Val ue
The required relay setting Is can be calculated from:
POC =( 3(IMAGLCT) +IMAGECT +Is ) / T
Therefore: Is =POC x T (3(IMAGLCT) +IMAGECT) =60/600 (3(IMAGLCT) +IMAGECT)
=0.1 (3(IMAGLCT) +IMAGECT)
Say Vsprov =120V (from requirement 107.1 <Vs <150)
From CT magnetising curve: At 120V IMAGLCT =7mA and IMAGECT =9mA
Is =0.1 (3(0.007) +0.009) =0.07A
Rstab =Vs/Is =120/.07 =1714 Ohms (Say 1800 Ohms giving Vs =1800 x 0.07 =126V)
Metrosi l Speci fi cati on
With reference to section 2.2.4
C Value
Vs =126V (i.e. >100V) so a C value of 1000 is chosen
Short Time Power Rating
From equation 10:
6417W 360
600
1
8400
4
P
V T I
4
P
1SEC
K F 1SEC
= >
>
For values <8kW/s a 75mm Metrosil is used.
Technical Guidance Notes - Restricted Earth Fault Protection
2012 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Page 19 of 40
Stabil isi ng Resi stor Speci fi cati on
With reference to section 2.2.5
Continuous Power Rating
8.82W P
1800 x 0.07 P
R x I P
CONT
2
CONT
stab
2
s CONT
>
>
>
Short Time Power Rating
R
V
P
stab
2
Fint
1SEC > Where: 1.3 x ) I x R x (V V
4
Fint stab
3
K Fint >
W 1018
1800
1354
P
1354V 1.3 14 x 1800 x (360 V
1.3 x ) I x R x (V V
14A
600
8400
I
2
1SEC
4
3
Fint
4
Fint stab
3
K Fint
Fint
= >
= >
>
= =
Summary of Rel ay Setti ngs and Components
REF Element =Enabled
REF Setting (Is) =0.07A
REF Delay =0s
Rstab =1800 Ohms, 45W continuous (typical manufacturers data)
Metrosil: diameter =75mm, C value =1000
POC (Fault Setting) =( 3(IMAGLCT) +IMAGECT +Is ) / T
POC =(3(0.007) +0.009 +0.07) x 600 =60A
Technical Guidance Notes - Restricted Earth Fault Protection
2012 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Page 20 of 40
3.3 7SR Relay: Restricted Earth Fault Protection - 4 Wire 4CT
Figure 3-5 Example System 4 Wire REF Protection
CT and Connecti on Details
Line CT (LCT) Neutral CT (NCT)
Turns ratio (T) 1/600 1/600
Voltage Knee Point (VK) 360V 450V
Magnetising Current (Imag) @ VK 30mA 20mA
CT secondary resistance (RCT) 7.5 4.5
CT lead loop resistance (RL) 0.15 0.5
Settings Requirements
Rated current =VA / (3 x VL)
Rated current =10 x 10
6
/ (3 x 11000) =525A
Assigned through fault current (rated stability limit) =16 x rated current =8.4kA. See section 2.2.1
Required Primary Operate Current (Fault Setting)
10 25% of protected winding rated current, or as specified by the user.
POCprov (10 25% of Irated) =52.5 - 131A. Say 60A. (0.1A secondary). See section 2.2.2
Technical Guidance Notes - Restricted Earth Fault Protection
2012 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Page 21 of 40
Cal culati on of Requi red Stabil ity Voltage Limits
The assigned through fault current is 8400A.
With reference to section 2.2.1
, )
, )
180 Vs 107.1
180V
2
360
2
V
V
V 70 0.5 4.5
600
8400
V
107.1V 0.15 7.5
600
8400
V
T ) R (R I V
KMIN
S
S
S
L CT F S
< <
= = s
= + >
= + >
+ >
Cal culati on of Stabil i si ng Resi stor Val ue
The required relay setting (Is) can be calculated from:
POC =3(IMAGLCT) +IMAGNCT +Is / T
Therefore: Is =POC x T (3(IMAGLCT) +IMAGNCT) =60/600 (3(IMAGLCT) +IMAGNCT)
=0.1 (3(IMAGLCT) +IMAGNCT)
Say Vsprov =120V (from requirement 107.1 <Vs <180)
From CT magnetising curve: At 120V IMAGLCT =7mA and IMAGNCT =4mA
Is =0.1 (3(0.007) +0.004) =0.075A
Rstab =Vs/Is =120/.075 =1600 Ohms
Metrosi l Speci fi cati on
With reference to section 2.2.4
C Value
Vs =120V (i.e. >100V) so a C value of 1000 is chosen
Short Time Power Rating
From equation 10:
kW 8 50 4
600
1
8400
4
P
V T I
4
P
1SEC
K F 1SEC
= >
>
For values <8kW/s a 75mm Metrosil is used.
Technical Guidance Notes - Restricted Earth Fault Protection
2012 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Page 22 of 40
Stabil isi ng Resi stor Speci fi cati on
With reference to section 2.2.5
Continuous Power Rating
9W P
1600 x 0.075 P
R x I P
CONT
2
CONT
stab
2
s CONT
>
>
>
Short Time Power Rating
R
V
P
stab
2
Fint
1SEC > Where: 1.3 x ) I x R x (V V
4
Fint stab
3
K Fint >
W 1509
1600
1554
P
1554V 1.3 14 x 1600 x (450 V
1.3 x ) I x R x (V V
14A
600
8400
I
2
1SEC
4
3
Fint
4
Fint stab
3
K Fint
Fint
= >
= >
>
= =
Summary of Rel ay Setti ngs and Components
REF Element =Enabled
REF Setting (Is) =0.075A
REF Delay =0s
Rstab =1600 Ohms, 60W continuous (typical manufacturers data)
Metrosil: diameter =75mm, C value =1000
POC (Fault Setting) =(3(IMAGLCT) +IMAGNCT +Is) / T
POC =(3(0.007) +0.004 +.075) x 600 =60A
Technical Guidance Notes - Restricted Earth Fault Protection
2012 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Page 23 of 40
3.4 7SR Relay: Restricted Earth Fault Protection - 4 Wire 5CT
Figure 3-6 Example System 4 Wire +Earth REF Protection
CT and Connecti on Details
Line CT (LCT) Neutral CT (NCT) Earth CT (ECT)
Turns ratio (T) 1/600 1/600 1/600
Voltage Knee Point (VK) 360V 450V 300V
Magnetising Current (Imag) @ VK 30mA 20mA 40mA
CT secondary resistance (RCT) 7.5 4.5 6.0
CT lead loop resistance (RL) 0.15 0.5 0.2
Settings Requirements
Rated current =VA / (3 x VL)
Rated current =10 x 10
6
/ (3 x 11000) =525A
Assigned through fault current (rated stability limit) =16 x rated current =8.4kA. See section 2.2.1
Required Primary Operate Current (Fault Setting)
10 25% of protected winding rated current, or as specified by the user.
POCprov (10 25% of Irated) =52.5 - 131A. Say 60A. (0.1A secondary). See section 2.2.2
Technical Guidance Notes - Restricted Earth Fault Protection
2012 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Page 24 of 40
Cal culati on of Requi red Stabil ity Voltage Limits
The assigned through fault current is 8400A.
With reference to section 2.2.1
, )
, )
, )
150V Vs 107.1
0V 15
2
300
2
V
V
V 70 0.5 4.5
600
8400
V
.6V 86 0.2 6
600
8400
V
107.1V 0.15 7.5
600
8400
V
T ) R (R I V
KMIN
S
S
S
S
L CT F S
< <
= = s
= + >
= + >
= + >
+ >
Cal culati on of Stabil i si ng Resi stor Val ue
The required relay setting Is can be calculated from:
POC =( 3(IMAGLCT) +IMAGNCT +IMAGECT +Is ) / T
Is =POC x T (3(IMAGLCT) +IMAGNCT +IMAGECT) =60/600 (3(IMAGLCT) +IMAGNCT +IMAGECT)
=0.1 (3(IMAGLCT) +IMAGNCT +IMAGECT)
Say Vsprov =120V (from requirement 107.1 <Vs <180)
From CT magnetising curve: At 120V IMAGLCT =7mA , IMAGNCT =4mA and IMAGECT =9mA
Is =0.1 (3(0.007) +0.004 +0.009) =0.066A say 0.065A
Rstab =Vs/Is =120/.065 =1846 Ohms (Say 1800 Ohms giving Vs =1800 x 0.065 =117V)
Metrosi l Speci fi cati on
C Value
Vs =117V (i.e. >100V) so a C value of 1000 is chosen
Short Time Power Rating
Using the empirical formula
kW 8 50 4
600
1
8400
4
P
V T I
4
P
1SEC
K F 1SEC
= >
>
For values <8kW/s a 75mm Metrosil is used.
Technical Guidance Notes - Restricted Earth Fault Protection
2012 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Page 25 of 40
Stabil isi ng Resi stor Speci fi cati on
Continuous Power Rating
7.6W P
1800 x 0.065 P
R x I P
CONT
2
CONT
stab
2
s CONT
>
>
>
Short Time Power Rating
R
V
P
stab
2
Fint
1SEC > Where: 1.3 x ) I x R x (V V
4
Fint stab
3
K Fint >
W 1422
1800
1600
P
1600V 1.3 14 x 1800 x 450 V
1.3 x ) I x R x (V V
14A
600
8400
I
2
1SEC
4 3
Fint
4
Fint stab
3
K Fint
Fint
= >
= >
>
= =
Summary of Rel ay Setti ngs and Components
REF Element =Enabled
REF Setting =0.065A
REF Delay =0s
Rstab =1800 Ohms, 60W continuous (typical manufacturers data)
Metrosil: diameter =75mm, C value =1000
POC (Fault Setting) =( 3(IMAGLCT) +IMAGNCT +IMAGECT +Is ) / T
POC =(3(0.007) +0.004 +0.009 +0.065) x 600 =59.4A
Technical Guidance Notes - Restricted Earth Fault Protection
2012 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Page 26 of 40
4. 7PG23 (5B3) Relay: Example Calculations
Figure 4-1 AC Connections Balanced/Restricted Earth Fault Protection
Figure 4-2 Calculation Procedure 7PG23 (5B3) Series Relay
Technical Guidance Notes - Restricted Earth Fault Protection
2012 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Page 27 of 40
4.1 7PG23 Relay: Balanced EF Protection - 3 Wire System
Figure 4-3 Example System Balanced Earth Fault Protection
Line CT (LCT) and Connecti on Details
Turns ratio (T) 1/200
Voltage Knee Point (VK) 120V
Magnetising Current (Imag) @ VK 30mA
CT secondary resistance (RCT) 2.5 Ohms
CT lead loop resistance (RL) 0.15 Ohms max.
Settings Requirements
Rated current =VA / (3 x VL)
Rated current =10 x 10
6
/ (3 x 33000) =175A
Assigned through fault current (rated stability limit) =16 x rated current =2.8kA. See section 2.2.1
Required Primary Operate Current
Typically 10 25% of protected winding rated current (Irated), or as specified by the user.
POCprov (10 25% of Irated) =17.5 43.8A. Say 20A. (0.1A secondary). See section 2.2.2
Technical Guidance Notes - Restricted Earth Fault Protection
2012 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Page 28 of 40
Cal culati on of Requi red Stabil ity Voltage Limits
The assigned through fault current is 2800A.
With reference to section 2.2.1
, )
60 Vs 37.1
V 60
2
120
2
V
V
37.1V 0.15 2.5
200
2800
T ) R (R I V
K
S
L CT F S
< <
= = s
= + = + >
Cal culati on of Shunt Setti ng Resistor Val ue
The required for the value of operate current to flow through the shunt setting resistor (Rstab) can be calculated
from:
POC =( 3(IMAGLCT) +Is +Ishunt) / T
Ishunt =POC x T (3(IMAGLCT) +Is )
=0.1 (3(IMAGLCT) +0.02)
Say Vsprov =50V (from requirement 37.1 <Vs <60)
From CT magnetising curve (see appendix) : At 50V IMAGLCT =8mA
Ishunt =0.1 (3(0.008) +0.02) =0.056A
Rshunt =Vs/Ishunt =50/.056 =892 Ohms (Say 820 Ohms giving Ishunt =50/820 =0.061A)
Metrosi l Speci fi cati on
Short Time Power Rating
Using the empirical formula
W 2139 120
200
1
2800
4
P
V T I
4
P
1SEC
K F 1SEC
= >
>
For values <8kW/s the integral 75mm Metrosil is suitably rated.
Technical Guidance Notes - Restricted Earth Fault Protection
2012 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Page 29 of 40
Shunt Resi stor Specificati on
With reference to section 2.2.5
Continuous Power Rating
3.0W P
820 / 50 P
Rshunt / Vs P
CONT
2
CONT
2
CONT
>
>
>
Short Time Power Rating
R
V
P
stab
2
Fint
1SEC > Where: 1.3 x ) I x Rshunt x (V V
4
Fint
3
K Fint >
W 290
820
488
P
V 488 1.3 14 x 820 x (120 V
1.3 x ) I Rshunt (V V
14A
200
2800
I
2
1SEC
4 3
Fint
4
Fint
3
K Fint
Fint
= >
= >
>
= =
Summary of Rel ay Setti ngs and Components
Vs =50V
Rshunt =820 Ohms, 20W continuous (typical manufacturers data)
Additional external Metrosil not required.
POC (Fault Setting) =( 3(IMAGLCT) +Is +Ishunt) / T
POC =( 3(0.008) +0.02 +0.061) x 200 =21A
Technical Guidance Notes - Restricted Earth Fault Protection
2012 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Page 30 of 40
4.2 7PG23 Relay: Restricted Earth Fault Protection - 3 Wire + Earth System
Figure 4-4 Example System 3 Wire +Earth REF Protection
CT and Connecti on Details
Line CT (LCT) Earth CT (ECT)
Turns ratio (T) 1/600 1/600
Voltage Knee Point (VK) 360V 300V
Magnetising Current (Imag) @ VK 30mA 40mA
CT secondary resistance (RCT) 7.5 6.0
CT lead loop resistance (RL) 0.15 0.2
Settings Requirements
Rated current =VA / (3 x VL)
Rated current =10 x 10
6
/ (3 x 11000) =525A
Assigned through fault current (rated stability limit) =16 x rated current =8.4kA. See section 2.2.1
Required Primary Operate Current (Fault Setting)
10 25% of protected winding rated current, or as specified by the user.
POCprov (10 25% of Irated) =52.5 - 131A. Say 60A. (0.1A secondary). See section 2.2.2
Technical Guidance Notes - Restricted Earth Fault Protection
2012 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Page 31 of 40
Cal culati on of Requi red Stabil ity Voltage Limits
The assigned through fault current is 8400A.
With reference to section 2.2.1
, )
, )
150 Vs 107.1
0V 15
2
300
2
V
V
.8V 86 0.2 6
600
8400
V
107.1V 0.15 7.5
600
8400
V
T ) R (R I V
KMIN
S
S
S
L CT F S
< <
= = s
= + >
= + >
+ >
Cal culati on of Shunt Setti ng Resistor Val ue
The required for the value of operate current to flow through the shunt setting resistor (Rstab) can be calculated
from:
POC =(3(IMAGLCT) +IMAGECT +Is +Ishunt ) / T
Ishunt =POC x T (3(IMAGLCT) +IMAGECT +Is)
=0.1 (3(IMAGLCT) +IMAGECT +0.02)
Say Vsprov =120V (from requirement 107.1 <Vs <150)
From CT magnetising curve: At 120V IMAGLCT =7mA and IMAGECT =9mA
Ishunt =0.1 (3(0.007) +0.009 +0.02) =0.05A
Rshunt =Vs/Ishunt =120/.05 =2400 Ohms
Metrosi l Speci fi cati on
Short Time Power Rating
Using the empirical formula
6417W 360
600
1
8400
4
P
V T I
4
P
1SEC
K F 1SEC
= >
>
For values <8kW/s the integral 75mm Metrosil is suitably rated.
Technical Guidance Notes - Restricted Earth Fault Protection
2012 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Page 32 of 40
Shunt Resi stor Specificati on
Continuous Power Rating
6.0W P
2400 / 120 P
Rshunt / Vs P
CONT
2
CONT
2
CONT
>
>
>
Short Time Power Rating
R
V
P
stab
2
Fint
1SEC > Where: 1.3 x ) I x Rshunt x (V V
4
Fint
3
K Fint >
W 882
2400
1455
P
V 1455 1.3 14 x 2400 x (360 V
1.3 x ) I Rshunt (V V
14A
200
2800
I
2
1SEC
4 3
Fint
4
Fint
3
K Fint
Fint
= >
= >
>
= =
Summary of Rel ay Setti ngs and Components
Vs =120V
Rshunt =2400 Ohms, 40W continuous (typical manufacturers data)
Additional external Metrosil not required.
POC (Fault Setting) =(3(IMAGLCT) +IMAGECT +Is +Ishunt ) / T
POC =(3(0.007) +0.009 +0.02 +0.05) x 600 =60A
Technical Guidance Notes - Restricted Earth Fault Protection
2012 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Page 33 of 40
4.3 7PG23 Relay: Restricted Earth Fault Protection - 4 Wire 4CT
Figure 4-5 Example System 4 Wire REF Protection
CT and Connecti on Details
Line CT (LCT) Neutral CT (NCT)
Turns ratio (T) 1/600 1/600
Voltage Knee Point (VK) 360V 450V
Magnetising Current (Imag) @ VK 30mA 20mA
CT secondary resistance (RCT) 7.5 4.5
CT lead loop resistance (RL) 0.15 0.5
Settings Requirements
Rated current =VA / (3 x VL)
Rated current =10 x 10
6
/ (3 x 11000) =525A
Assigned through fault current (rated stability limit) =16 x load current =8.4kA. See section 2.2.1
Required Primary Operate Current (Fault Setting)
10 25% of protected winding rated current, or as specified by the user.
POCprov (10 25% of Irated) =52.5 - 131A. Say 60A. (0.1A secondary). See section 2.2.2
Technical Guidance Notes - Restricted Earth Fault Protection
2012 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Page 34 of 40
Cal culati on of Requi red Stabil ity Voltage Limits
The assigned through fault current is 8400A.
With reference to section 2.2.1
, )
, )
180 Vs 107.1
180V
2
360
2
V
V
V 70 0.5 4.5
600
8400
V
107.1V 0.15 7.5
600
8400
V
T ) R (R I V
KMIN
S
S
S
L CT F S
< <
= = s
= + >
= + >
+ >
Cal culati on of Shunt Setti ng Resistor Val ue
The required relay setting Is can be calculated from:
POC =( 3(IMAGLCT) +IMAGNCT +Is +Ishunt ) / T
Ishunt =POC x T 3(IMAGLCT) - IMAGNCT Is
=0.1 3(IMAGLCT)- IMAGNCT 0.02
Say Vsprov =120V (from requirement 107.1 <Vs <150)
From CT magnetising curve: At 120V IMAGLCT =7mA and IMAGNCT =4mA
Ishunt =0.1 3(0.007) - 0.004 0.02 =0.055A
Rshunt =Vs/Ishunt =120/.055 =2182 Ohms (say 2200 Ohms)
Metrosi l Speci fi cati on
Short Time Power Rating
Using the empirical formula
8kW 450
600
1
8400
4
P
V T I
4
P
1SEC
K F 1SEC
= >
>
For values <8kW/s the integral 75mm Metrosil is suitably rated.
Technical Guidance Notes - Restricted Earth Fault Protection
2012 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Page 35 of 40
Stabil isi ng Resi stor Speci fi cati on
Continuous Power Rating
6.5W P
2200 / 120 P
Rshunt / Vs P
CONT
2
CONT
2
CONT
>
>
>
Short Time Power Rating
R
V
P
stab
2
Fint
1SEC > Where: 1.3 x ) I x Rshunt x (V V
4
Fint
3
K Fint >
W 1287
2200
1683
P
V 1683 1.3 14 x 2200 x (450 V
1.3 x ) I Rshunt (V V
14A
200
2800
I
2
1SEC
4 3
Fint
4
Fint
3
K Fint
Fint
= >
= >
>
= =
Summary of Rel ay Setti ngs and Components
Vs =120V
Rshunt =2200 Ohms, 45W continuous (typical manufacturers data)
Additional external Metrosil not required.
POC (Fault Setting) =(3(IMAGLCT) +IMAGNCT +Is +Ishunt ) / T
POC =(3(0.007) +0.004 +0.02 +0.055) x 600 =60A
Technical Guidance Notes - Restricted Earth Fault Protection
2012 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Page 36 of 40
4.4 7PG23 Relay: Restricted Earth Fault Protection - 4 Wire 5CT
27
28
Rshunt
7PG23
10MVA
11kV
1/600
1/600
Figure 4-6 Example System 4 Wire +Earth REF Protection
CT and Connecti on Details
Line CT (LCT) Neutral CT (NCT) Earth CT (ECT)
Turns ratio (T) 1/600 1/600 1/600
Voltage Knee Point (VK) 360V 450V 300V
Magnetising Current (Imag) @ VK 30mA 20mA 40mA
CT secondary resistance (RCT) 7.5 4.5 6.0
CT lead loop resistance (RL) 0.15 0.5 0.2
Settings Requirements
Rated current =VA / (3 x VL)
Rated current =10 x 10
6
/ (3 x 11000) =525A
Assigned through fault current (rated stability limit) =16 x rated current =8.4kA. See section 2.2.1
Required Primary Operate Current (Fault Setting)
10 25% of protected winding rated current, or as specified by the user.
POCprov (10 25% of Irated) =52.5 - 131A. Say 60A. (0.1A secondary). See section 2.2.2
Technical Guidance Notes - Restricted Earth Fault Protection
2012 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Page 37 of 40
Cal culati on of Requi red Stabil ity Voltage Limits
The assigned through fault current is 8400A.
With reference to section 2.2.1
, )
, )
, )
150V Vs 107.1
0V 15
2
300
2
V
V
V 70 0.5 4.5
600
8400
V
.6V 86 0.2 6
600
8400
V
107.1V 0.15 7.5
600
8400
V
T ) R (R I V
KMIN
S
S
S
S
L CT F S
< <
= = s
= + >
= + >
= + >
+ >
Cal culati on of Shunt Setti ng Resistor Val ue
The required relay setting Is can be calculated from:
POC =( 3(IMAGLCT) +IMAGNCT +IMAGECT +Is +Ishunt ) / T
Ishunt =POC x T (3(IMAGLCT) +IMAGNCT +IMAGECT +Is)
=0.1 (3(IMAGLCT) +IMAGNCT +IMAGECT +0.02)
Say Vsprov =120V (from requirement 107.1 <Vs <150)
From CT magnetising curve: At 120V IMAGLCT =7mA, IMAGNCT =4mA and IMAGECT =9mA
Ishunt =0.1 (3(0.007) +0.004 +0.009 +0.02) =0.046A
Rshunt =Vs/Ishunt =120/.046 =2609 Ohms (Say 2700 Ohms giving Ishunt =120/2700 =0.044A)
Metrosi l Speci fi cati on
Short Time Power Rating
Using the empirical formula
8kW 450
600
1
8400
4
P
V T I
4
P
1SEC
K F 1SEC
= >
>
For values <8kW/s the integral 75mm Metrosil is suitably rated.
Technical Guidance Notes - Restricted Earth Fault Protection
2012 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Page 38 of 40
Stabil isi ng Resi stor Speci fi cati on
Continuous Power Rating
5.3W P
2700 / 120 P
Rshunt / Vs P
CONT
2
CONT
2
CONT
>
>
>
Short Time Power Rating
R
V
P
stab
2
Fint
1SEC > Where: 1.3 x ) I x Rshunt x (V V
4
Fint
3
K Fint >
W 1161
2700
1771
P
V 1771 1.3 14 x 2700 x (450 V
1.3 x ) I Rshunt (V V
14A
200
2800
I
2
1SEC
4 3
Fint
4
Fint
3
K Fint
Fint
= >
= >
>
= =
Summary of Rel ay Setti ngs and Components
Vs =120V
Rshunt =2700 Ohms, 45W continuous (typical manufacturers data)
Additional external Metrosil not required.
POC (Fault Setting) =( 3(IMAGLCT) +IMAGNCT +IMAGECT +Is +Ishunt ) / T
POC =(3(0.007) +0.004 +0.009 +0.02 +0.044) x 600 =59A
Technical Guidance Notes - Restricted Earth Fault Protection
2012 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Page 39 of 40
5. Appendi x
5.1 CT Magnetisi ng Curve
S
e
c
o
n
d
a
r
y
R
.
M
.
S
V
o
l
t
s
Figure 5-1 Typical CT Magnetising Curve (Class PX to IEC60044)
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