Increasing Panel Ductility to Improve Blast Response

BLAST RESISTANT
CONCRETE WALL PANELS
Patrick Trasborg, Ph.D. Student Lehigh University
Pierluigi Olmati, Ph.D. Student Sapienza Universit di Roma
Clay Naito, Ph.D., P.E. Lehigh University
NSF PD 08-1637
2012 Critical Infrastructure Symposium
Overview
What is precast concrete and a sandwich panel?
How do we design blast resistant reinforced
concrete components?
Can we design wall panels the same way?
How can we improve a wall panels blast
performance?

2
Precast Concrete
Parking Structures / Office Buildings /
Residential / Manufacturing
Precast Concrete Construction
Cost Effective
Energy Efficient
High Quality
Rapid Construction
3
Sandwich Panel
Exterior Wythe with Architectural Features
Insulation Foam XPS, EPS, PIMA
Interior Wythe with Wall-to-Structure
Connections
Shear Ties to Connect Interior and Exterior Wythes
4
Overview

How do we design blast resistant reinforced

concrete components?

5
Blast Design of Concrete Components
6
Far-field Detonation
Known Threat
Blast Design of Concrete Components
7
Differential Equation of Motion
Approximated as a single degree of freedom (SDOF)
Solve an equivalent SDOF system
Development of Resistance Function
8
Idealized RC Resistance Function
Plastic Hinge Formation
Correlating Panel Response to Damage
9
Defined in terms of:
Support rotation,
Displacement Ductility,
A
yield
A
ultimate
u
A
yield
ultimate
A
A
=
|
|
.
|

\
|

A
=

f
C Span
1
tan u
Current Response
Limits for Structural
Members
Correlating Panel Response to Damage
10
Defined in terms of:
Support Rotation,
Displacement Ductility,
Overview

Can we design wall panels the same way?

11
Sandwich Wall Resistance Function
12
Uniform Static Load Tests
Resistance Function
Sandwich Wall Resistance Function
13
Resistance Function
Superficial Moderate Heavy Hazardous Blowout
Current RC Limits 1.0 2.0 2.0 < 5.0 5.0 < 10.0 > 10.0
Observed RC Limits 1.0 3.1 3.1 < 5.7 5.7 < 7.6 > 7.6
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 2 4 6 8
R
e
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e

[
p
s
i
]
Support Rotation [deg.]
UFC Estimate (M1)
Measured (M1/PSC2)
Measured (M3/TS2)
UFC Estimate (M3)
Unconservative Estimate
of Performance
Overview

How can we improve a wall panels blast

performance?

14
Locally Unbonding Reinforcement
15
Teflon Tubing
Locally Unbonding Reinforcement
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0 5 10 15 20
R
e
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e

[
p
s
i
]
Support Rotation [deg]
UFC
Unbond Average
Bar Fracture
Near Elastic-Perfectly Plastic Behavior
Locally Unbonding Reinforcement
17
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 5 10 15 20 25
R
e
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e

[
p
s
i
]
Support Rotation [deg]
Control
7.5" Unbond
15" Unbond
22.5" Unbond
Heavy Damage Threshold
Hazardous Damage Threshold
Blowout Threshold
Average Values
Numerical Modeling
18
Discrete Crack Model
Beam Element Model
Numerical Modeling
19
Resistance Function
Rebar Stress Distribution
Conclusion
20
Standard Approach Leads to Unconservative Design
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 2 4 6 8
R
e
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e

[
p
s
i
]
Support Rotation [deg.]
UFC Estimate (M1)
Measured (M1/PSC2)
Measured (M3/TS2)
UFC Estimate (M3)
Elastic-Hardening-Softening
Elastic-Perfectly Plastic
Superficial Moderate Heavy Hazardous Blowout
u u u u u
Current Limits 1.0 - - 2 - 5 - 10 - >10
Observed Limits 1.0 - - 3.1 - 5.7 - 7.6 - >7.6
Conclusion
21
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 5 10 15 20 25
R
e
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e

[
p
s
i
]
Support Rotation [deg]
Control
7.5" Unbond
15" Unbond
22.5" Unbond
Locally unbonding longitudinal reinforcement may:
Increase panel ductility
More closely match elastic-plastic behavior
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0 5 10 15 20
R
e
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e

[
p
s
i
]
Support Rotation [deg]
UFC
Unbond Average
Conclusions
22
Analytical Model
Resistance Function
Clarification Questions?
23
Patrick Trasborg, EIT
pat310@lehigh.edu
Clay Naito, Ph.D., P.E.
cjn3@lehigh.edu
2012 Critical Infrastructure Symposium
This material is based upon work supported by the National Science
Foundation under Grant No. CMMI-1030812. Any opinions, findings, and
conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of
the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National
Science Foundation.
References
(1) PCI Committee on Precast Sandwich Wall Panels, State-of-
the-Art of Precast/Prestressed Sandwich Wall Panels, PCI
Journal: Vol 2, No 2, March 1997
(2) PCI Blast Resistance and Structural Integrity Committee,
Blast-Resistant Design of Precast/Prestressed Concrete
Components, PCI Report, July 2010
(3) Department of Defense, Structures to Resist the Effects of
Accidental Explosions, UFC 3-340-02, 2008, p. 1106
(4) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Single Degree of Freedom
Structural Response Limits for Antiterrorism Design, Protective
Design Center Technical Report PDC-TR 06-08 Rev 1, 2008
(5) Air Force Research Laboratory, Analytical Assessment of the
Blast Resistance of Precast, Prestressed Concrete Components,
AFRL-ML-TY-TP-2007-4529 Interim Report, April 2007
24