Application of interference of waves

Noise Cancellation
Noise cancellation is a method to reduce or
completely cancel out undesirable sound.
A noise-cancellation speaker emits a sound
wave with the same amplitude, frequency but
anti-phase with the original sound.
The waves will combine each other in a
process called destructive interference,
eventually the waves will cancel each other
and there would be no sound.
The sum of the waves is equal to zero.




Application of noise cancellation:
1. Headphone - people working near aircraft
or in noisy factories can now wear these
electronic noise cancellation headsets to
protect their hearing.
2. Cars - The way it works is that a
microphone connected to the car stereo
system picks up all the sound inside the
car, including music or such from the
stereo. Then the noise-cancellation system
subtracts the sound of the music coming
from the stereo and produces noise-
cancelling sound waves that match the
frequency of unwanted sound.
3. Aircraft - The system uses microphones to
pick up the vibrations due to jet's engine in
the cabin walls. It then analyzes the signals
and generates counter vibrations in the
walls to produce a net result of zero
vibrations.

Alternating loud and soft sounds are detected as the
microphone is moved from left to right.
Explanation :The two loud speakers are sources of two
coherent sound waves as they are connected to the same
audio signal generator. The alternating loud and soft sounds
are caused by interference of the sound wave.


Young's Double Slit Experiment
Young's double-slit is made up of two slits ruled on a piece of
slide and painted with'aquadak'.
When monochromatic light passes through the Young's
double-slit, diffraction of light occurs and two coherent
sources (same amplitude, frequency and phase) are produced
as shown in the diagram above
The two coherent sources will overlap and superpose to
produce the effects of constructive and destructive
interference.
Constructive interference generates bright fringes while
destructive interference produces dark fringes.
Fringe size of bright fringes and dark fringes are about
similar in size. Fringe separation between any dark fringe and
a neighbouring bright fringe which alternates in position with
the former is the same.


Application of interference of waves










Factor that affects interference pattern
a) wavelength Relationship:

Notes: In some regions where the water is still, without any ripples, the crests and troughs of the two
waves coincide and eliminate each other (destructive interference). Since the amplitude is zero, there is
no wave motion.
b) Different distances between the two sources of waves

Relationship:
The distance between two consecutive node (or antinode) lines, x, is inversely proportional to the
distance between the two sources.