Ch3

Application Layer Functionality and Protocols

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Topics
***Application Definition and Functions
Client-Server Model and Peer-to-Peer Model
***Well-Known Services: DNS, DHCP,
HTTP/HTTPS, Email, .
Lab
Application Layer in OSI and TCP/IP Models
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Application (software) examples: IE or Firefox browser, outlook,
MSN messenger, .
How to Use Network Services
Through applications (IE browser, outlook, MSN messenger, .)
**Application (OSI layer 7)
It is software providing an interface and
implementing protocols (HTTP, FTP, SMTP, PoP3,
or .) to enable ordinary people to use network services.
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Interface Between Human and Data Networks
Most applications, like web browsers or e-mail
outlook, incorporate functionality of the OSI
layers 5, 6 and 7.
*** Presentation Functions
1.Coding and conversionof a users input to binary
numbers.
2. (Optional) Compression of the users data to reduce the traffic size.
3. (Optional) Encryption of the data for transmission and the decryption of data upon
receipt by the destination.
(For example, HTTPS)
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***Coding and Conversion Example
Your input:
Your input of cnn to your PCs memory: 01100011 01101110 .
***Session Layer (Optional)
Monitoring the ongoing communication for the applications
between two ends.
It creates and maintains dialogs between source and
destination applications.
It keep a service active, terminate it, or restart it.
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Sessions Example
Your Online Banking session has expired.
Please sign on again.
Example of 7, 6, and 5 Layers Jobs
The Client-Server Model
In the client/server model, the device requesting the information is called
a client and the device responding to the request is called a server.
Client and server processes are considered to be in the Application layer.
Data transfer from a client to a server is referred to as an upload and data
from a server to a client as a download.
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Peer-to-Peer Model
In a peer-to-peer network, two or more computers are
connected via a network and can share resources (such
as printers and files) without having a dedicated server.
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***Well-known application-layer services
How to Identify Application Services
Port numbers identify applications
Domain Name System (DNS) - TCP/UDP Port 53
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) - TCP Port 80
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) - TCP Port 25
Post Office Protocol (POP) - UDP Port 110
Telnet - TCP Port 23
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol - UDP Port 67
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) - TCP Ports 20 and 21
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DNS
The Domain Name System (DNS) was created for
domain name to address resolution for these networks.
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DNS Check in a Windows Machine
ipconfig /displaydns command displays all of the
cached DNS entries on a Windows XP or 2000
computer system.
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Hierarchical DNS
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HTTP & HTTPS
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HTTP exchanges data in a clear text form while HTTPS
exchanges data using encryption.
Email Services & SMTP/POP Protocols
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Note: IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) is a newer version of POP3.
FTP
FTP was developed to allow for file transfers between a client
and a server.
For example, using HTTP to get access to a web site and using FTP to
download a file from the web site:
KC KHOR, Multimedia Univ. Cyberjaya 21
DHCP
A Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol
(DHCP) server
automatically assigns an
IP address, a subnet
mask, and a gateway to a
PC automatically.
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SSH VS Telnet
1. What is telnet & what port is used?
It is a service providing access to the command
line interface on a remote host.
It uses TCP port 23.
2. What is SSH & what port is used?
It is called Secured Shell and is replacing Telnet.
It uses TCP port 22.
1. What is telnet & what port is used?
It is a service providing access to the command
line interface on a remote host.
It uses TCP port 23.
2. What is SSH & what port is used?
It is called Secured Shell and is replacing Telnet.
It uses TCP port 22.
Key Difference Between Them
Telnet sends clear-text messages:
But SSH encrypts messages and send out the encrypted data:
1. Introduction to Packet Tracer Lab 1.7.1 (Exercise)
2. PT 3.3.2 Network Representation (Save your file with your name &
lab # and turn it into the folder Lab Submission inside the drop box at the courses
web page in Springboard.uakron.edu)
Lab Assignments