ORGANIC BATTERY

Abstract:
Are you vexed with these power cuts? Here
is easy solution. It is organic battery. We now
present a paper how to produce electricity
by using organic attery in your house
itse!" "ro# organic #ateria!s !i$e !eaves%
"ruits% waste water& This can e done y
recapitu!ating si#p!e #echanis# ca!!ed
e!ectro!ysis& Based on this idea% the wor!d's
"irst organic attery was invented& The
attery can use any !i(uid even urine to
power up& )ithin *+ seconds o" eing
doused with !i(uid% the attery starts
providing power&
This process doesn't !eave us any toxic
sustances& In "act% it is iodegrada!e%
eco,"riend!y and cheap& -i""erent types o"
organic atteries% their wor$ing and their
advantages to conventiona! atteries are
discussed in this paper&
Fig.1: Organic battery using waste water.
I. History:
Electricity is the movement of tiny negatively-
charged particles called electrons. irect current is
produced when electrons are pushed in one general
direction. ! battery is an e"ample of a direct current.
Electricity has a wide range of uses# including turning
motors and powering lights.
$he history of the development of
electrochemical cells is crucial to the scientific study
and industrial applications of electricity. %rior to the
rise of electrical grids around the end of the 1&th
century# electro chemical cells were the main source
of electricity. 'uccessive improvements in battery
technology permitted the rise of ma(or electrical
advances# from early scientific study to the rise of
telegraphs and portable electronics.
In 1)*&# +en(amin Fran,lin first used the term
-battery- to describe a set of lin,ed capacitors he
used for his e"periments with electricity. $hese
capacitors were panels of glass coated with metal on
each surface. $hese capacitors were charged with a
static generator and discharged by touching metal to
their electrode. .in,ing them together in a -battery-
gave a stronger discharge
II. /eason for choosing organic battery:
0ow- a -days battery became a part of our life
but the main disadvantage of these metallic batteries
is that after their life time their disposal is difficult. If
these are buried in earth the acids in them may cause
harm to the environment.
In order to overcome these problems man
developed rechargeable batteries. +ut these are
e"pensive. $his made the man to step towards
Organic +atteries as these are eco-friendly and are of
low cost.
III. 1hat is an organic battery2
!n organic battery uses organic materials instead of
bul, metals such as lithium to form a battery.
Formosa 3niversity developed an organic battery
which uses materials such as leave from the banyan
tree and even roadside weeds of chlorophyll e"tracted
into the organic electrolyte. Even waste water can be
used.
$he organic battery may give up to 1.4 to
56# current up to 147m! or more. 1ith this we can
listen to two days of continuous mp5# *-cell battery
.E lights can be lit to maintain more than & days.
$his organic battery doesn8t contain any
to"ic materials that may cause harm to environment.
1hereas if one metal battery is buried on the earth#
one s9uare meter of soil will lose its value. $he
metals li,e lithium and lead present in these metal
batteries may even penetrate into the ground water
and causes great harm. 'o# these e"pired metallic
batteries causes8 great harm to the environment.
$his invention won the :77; $aipei International
Invention <ompetition =old >edal.
Fig.: organic battery using potato.
I6. 1hat ma,es an organic battery2
$he organic battery mainly consists of
electrodes ?cathode and anode@ and electrolyte.
Electrolyte:
!n electrolyte is a melted or dissolved
compound that has bro,en apart into ions by applying
an electric field across it. $his causes the anions and
cations to move in opposite directions# thereby
conducting electrical current while gradually
separating the ions.
Electrode:
!n electrode is a conductor through which
an electric current enters or leaves a substance. $hese
electrodes are dipped in the electrolyte.
In organic battery the electrolyte and
electrodes used are made of organic materials which
are eco-friendly and bio-degradable.
6. $ypes of organic batteries:
Here the electrolyte used is that matters. 'o#
based on the electrolyte# types of organic batteries
are classified as.
A 1aste water +attery
A Fruit +attery
A %aper +attery
!. 1aste water battery:
In the waste water battery# the electrolyte
used is wastewater and the electrodes used are
Binc and copper. ! small bulb is connected to these
electrodes.
Fill the container with waste water and
place the electrodes in the water. +e care full not to
touch the electrodes to each other. 1e can observe
the flow of current as the bulb glows.
Fig.5 figure shows waste water battery.
For the
waste water
battery pH test is
done for the
electrolyte and
the electrodes are
chosen according
to re9uirement.
<onductivity of electrolyte should be high.
$urbidity of electrolyte should be low.
+. Fruit battery ?lemon@:
Fig.* shows a lemon battery.
<reating a battery from a lemon is a
common pro(ect in many science te"t boo,s. .emon
battery consists of two different metals suspended in
electrolyte. Cinc and copper wor,s well as the
electrodes and citric acid content of lemon acts as
electrolyte.
+atteries li,e this may not be able to run a
motor or energiBe bulb. It may possible to produce a
dim glow from an .E. $his lemon battery delivers a
voltage of 7.&7D6. 3nfortunately this is not enough to
light a bulb.
$o solve this problem we can connect more
lemon batteries in series as shown in Fig 'o that
voltage from each cell adds up# to produce high
voltage.
Fig.4 shows two lemons connected in series.
In a lemon battery# both o"idation and
reduction occur. $his battery is similar to the original
-simple voltaic cells- invented by !lessandro 6olta.
.
1hen these electrodes are inserted into the
lemon the chemical reaction starts. !t the anode#
metallic Binc is o"idiBed# that means it loses two
electrons and forms an ion. $his Cn:E ion enters the
electrolyte solution.
Cn Cn
:E
E : e
-
!t the copper cathode# hydrogen ions are
reduced that means gains two electrons to form
molecular hydrogen.
:H
E
E :e
-
H
:
.
$he acid in the lemon reacts differently with
each of the two electrodes. One of the electrodes
contains positive electric charges# while the other
contains negative electric charges. $hese charges
create current# which will flow if the battery circuit is
complete.
<. %aper battery:
! paper battery is a fle"ible# ultra-thin
energy storage and production device formed by
combining carbon nanotubes with a conventional
sheet of cellulose-based paper.
! paper battery acts as both high-energy
battery and super capacitor# combining two
components that are separate in traditional
electronics.
Fig.4 shows a paper battery.
$his combination allows the battery to
provide both long-term# steady power production and
bursts of energy.
0on to"ic# fle"ible paper batteries have the
potential to power the ne"t generation of electronics#
medical devices and hybrid vehicles# allowing for
radical new design and medical technology
%aper batteries may be folded# cut or
otherwise shaped for different applications without
any lose of integrity or efficiency. <utting one in
half# its energy production becomes half. 'tac,ing
them multiplies power output. Early prototypes of the
device are able to produce :.4 volts.
Fig.D shows a paper battery.
$he devices are formed by combining &7
percent of cellulose with an infusion of aligned
carbon nanotubes of 17 percent that are each
appro"imately one millionth of a centimeter thic,.
$he carbon imparts blac, colour to the paper
battery. $hese tiny filaments acts li,e the electrodes
found in a traditional battery# conducting electricity
when the paper comes into contact with an ionic
li9uids contain no water. $his means that there is
nothing to freeBe or evaporate in e"treme
environmental conditions.
!s a result# paper batteries can function
between -)4 and 147 degree <elsius.
6I. 1or,ing of organic battery2
In order to understand the wor,ing of an
organic battery let us connect a small bulb across
the electrodes with the help of wires. Organic
battery wor,ing is similar to voltaic cell. %ure 1ater
does not act as electrolyte. 1hen you insert the
metal electrodes in the pure water# there is no
observable reaction. 0o gas bubbles appear# and the
bulb does not light.
.et us consider the waste water# this
contains salts which acts as electrolyte. 'o in waste
water the chemical reaction occurs. In this reaction
cations and anions are formed. <ations move towards
cathode and anions move towards anode.
$his causes electron to be pushed through
the wires# flowing in one direction from one electrode
to other. $his creates a direct current which lights up
the bulb when the electrons pass through it.
Fig.D shows the movement of cations and anions.
6II. 1hat ma,es organic battery so special2
& Organic batteries are eco-friendly. $hey
don8t contain any to"ic materials as that
in other conventional batteries.
& $hese are ease to handle as they are small
in siBe and lighter in weight.
& $hese are safer than other batteries.
& $hese are cheaper to produce electricity
than current lithium batteries.
& $he substances formed in this battery are
bio-degradable and they don8t cause any
harm to environment.
& $he fle"ible shape of the paper battery will
allow them to be used in irregular shaped
electronics.
!. rawbac,s:
; %ower generated by organic batteries is very
less.
6III. !pplications:
0on to"ic# fle"ible paper batteries have their
applications in the fields of
A Electronics
A >edical sciences to
prepare pacema,er
A !utomobiles etc.#
IF. <onclusion:
Organic batteries are an alternative
to the metal reaction battery technologies. $hus#
without depending on conventional sources of power
we can power simple appliances which are widely
used li,e bulb. +y using this idea a battery which can
store more energy can be developed. $his reduces our
electrical consumption and saves the E!/$H. Gust
li,e organic foods are important to ,eep us healthy#
organic batteries are important to ma,e our Earth
healthy.
!fter one loo, at this planet any visitor from
outer space would say HI want to see the manager.H
-William S. Burroughs.
Lets give him a chance only for appreciation.
F. /eferences :
I 1i,ipedia about organic battery.
I 1i,ipedia about history of battery
I www.cleantech.com
I www.e"perment-resorce.com
I www.physicform.com
I www.science:7.com
I www.physorg.com
I www.google.com