Section C -- Friction Loss for Water - Shed 40 Steel Pipe

Section C -- Friction Loss for Water - Shed 40 Steel Pipe

Section C -- Friction Loss for Water - Shed 40 Steel Pipe
Section C -- Friction Loss for Water - Shed 40 Steel Pipe
Section C -- Friction Loss for Water - Shed 40 Steel Pipe
Section C -- Friction Loss for Water - Shed 40 Steel Pipe
Section C -- Friction Loss for Water - Shed 40 Steel Pipe
Section C -- Friction Loss for Water - Shed 40 Steel Pipe
Section C -- Properties of Water at Various Temperatures form 32* to
0!"4*F
Section C -- Properties of Water at Various Temperatures form 32* to
0!"4*F
Section C -- Saturation# Temperatures# Steam $ata
Section C -- Saturation# Pressures# Steam $ata
Su%%estions for &emedies for 'PS( Pro)lems
Section * -- +isc" Pump ,nformation
'PS(& Value of the Pump
This value can be roughly calculated, but is generally determined on a test rig, at a specified speed, a defined impeller diameter
and a defined delivery rate. The NPSHR value is determined by ascertain-ing the total delivery head of the pump at various
suction heads. In order to obtain various suction heads, the pressure in the suction reservoir is loered by means of a throttling
device. !ombination of these methods are fre"uently used in order to achieve the re"uired vacuum.
The greater the vacuum on the impeller inlet becomes, the more cav-itation occurs. This impairs the pump#s delivery head. The
value at hich the pump#s total delivery head drops by $% as a result of such cavitation is no stated as the NPSHR value.
Several tests at the same delivery rate and differing pressure in the suction no&&le are necessary, until by means of repeated
measurement' calculation, etc., a total delivery head drip of $% has been ascertained.
(or determination of an NPSHR curve, these measurements are performed at various flos and at various impeller diameters.
The compilation of such a series of curves re"uires high e)penditures.
'PS(- . 'PS(& - What can )e done/
Referring to the system, the individual formula values can be adhered to.
The folloing remedies can be applied to the pump*
Reduce Delivery
Rate
The NPSHR value will generally become
smaller, and the NPSHA value greater. I
necessary, s!lit delivery to several !um!s,
e.g., o!erate standby !um! as well.
Install "arger
Im!eller
In many cases, the NPSHR is better, but
!ower consum!tion is, o course, also
greater.
Reduce S!eed Pum!s running at lower s!eeds have better
NPSHR values. In many cases, however, a
larger !um! also becomes necessary.
Install "arger I a relatively small im!eller is installed in
Im!eller And
Reduce S!eed
the !um!, this solution is ideal rom a
hydraulic view !oint #smoother running, less
wear$.
%!erate Pum!
&ith 'avitation
In individual cases, the !um! su!!lier and
the o!erator o the system can agree, that
total delivery head dri! should be not (),
but more. This must be determined
careully, however, in order that delivery
does not colla!se com!letely.
Select Pum!s
with better
NPSH *alue
"arger !um!s in many cases have better
NPSH values at the same delivery rate. I
necessary, s!ecial im!ellers designed
s!eciically or good suction can be
installed.
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+iscellaneous
Plastic pumps are, generally, relatively insensitive to cavitation. It is also difficult to hear this phenomenon, since plastic is a
good sound insulator.
+agnetic pumps can be treated li,e pumps ith single mechanical seals. The temperature of the fluid should be at least -./!
belo its boiling point.
The ,nfluence of Vapor Pressure
In this conte)t, the significance of vapor pressure on the reliable oper-ation of the pump should again be emphasi&ed*
0apor pressure is a function of temperature. (luids hich are pumped close to vapor pressure are a particular ha&ard, since
even slight increases in temperature can cause evaporation. Not only the tem-perature fluctuations in general, but also
obstructed cooling or an uncontrolled input of heat can trip this off. Inade"uate heat dissipation can, for instance, be due to an
e)cessively lo delivery rate. Heat input may occur due to increased friction in a mechanical seal, increased bearing friction in
magnetic pumps, and also particularly due to heat losses 1eddy currents2 in metal cans on sealless pumps.
Pumps ith double mechanical seals are the least susceptible, since the contact surfaces are lubricated by a separate circuit.
&eference#
!entrifugal pumps and centrifugal pump systems, 3IN -4 -5. Part 6
NPSH in centrifugal pumps, 7uropump, 6896 edition