The numbers from 0-9 are here represented as they appear in digital clocks:

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| | | __| __| |__| |__ |__ | |__| |__|
|__| | |__ __| | __| |__| | |__| __|
An example of a multiplication (a 2-digit number by an 1-digit number
unidentified because some !"#$s! failed and are !off! (they had to be !on! is
sho%n at left& and the correct one is sho%n at right (the alignment is perfect:
__ __
| __| |__|
| |__ |__|
__
|__|
x | x |__|
------------------- ------------------
__ __ __
| __ | __| __| |__|
| | | |__ |__ |
'an you !turn on! the failing !"#$s! in the (-digit by (-digit multiplication belo%)
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| |
| |
x __
| __
| |__
------------------------

| | |
__| | | |
__
| | | __|
| __

| | |
| __ | | __
---------------------------------------
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| __ | __ | |
| | | __ __
Solutions:
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|__| |__ |
x __ __
| |__| |__|
| | |__|
------------------------
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|__ | | | |__
__| |__| | |__|
__ __ __ __
__| |__ | | |__|
|__ __| |__| |__|
__ __ __
|__| __| |__| |__|
| __| |__| __|
---------------------------------------
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|__| |__ |__| |__| |__| |__
2*Arthur& +ert and 'harles took three exams* ,n all exams& the first got - points&
the second . points& and the third / points& -& . and / being positi0e integers
such that -1.1/*
2umming the three results& Albert got 20 points3 +ert& 103 and 'harles& 9* Albert
%as 2nd in Algebra* 4ho %as 2nd in 5eometry)
Solution 2:
'harles %as 2nd in the other t%o exams*
The total number of points is 20610697(9& so -6.6/71(* ,f someone got three
first places& he %ould ha0e got at least 20 points& so (-820 or -19* ,n a similar
%ay& if someone had got three third places& he couldn:t ha0e more than 9& so
(/;9 or /;(* Thus& the only possible 0alues for (-&.&/ are (<&=&1& (<&>&2&
(?&>&1& (?&(&2& and (9&2&1*
@ (<&=&1 or (?&(&2 don:t allo% +ert getting 10 points*
@ (<&>&2 or (9&2&1 don:t allo% 'harles getting 9 points*
2o& the only possibility is (?&>&1 and then Albert managed t%o 1sts and a 2nd
(in Algebra& +ert had a 1st and t%o (rds& and 'harles got t%o 2nds (thus&
5eometry and a (rd*
3. , ha0e a bag containing the digits 0 through 9& and used six of them to stick
t%o different three-digit perfect sAuares on the foreheads of Baul and 5eorge*
+oth Baul and 5eorge kno% this fact& but each one can see only the other:s
number*
, ask Baul& !Co% many of the digits remaining in my bag can you exactly tell
me)!
Baul replies& !Three*!
,f , no% ask the same Auestion to 5eorge& %hat should he reply)
Solution 3:
The sAuares are 169, 196, 256, 289, 324, 361, 529, 576, 625, 729, 784,
841, 961.
2ince 0 isn:t used in any of the sAuares& it must be one of the four digits left in
the bag*
Baul has to conclude kno%ledge of t%o digits from 5eorge:s forehead*
+---------------------------+------------------------------+
| If Georges | Pauls number |
| forehead shows | can be |
+---------------------------+------------------------------+
| 169 (or 196, 961 | !"#, $%# |
+---------------------------+------------------------------+
| "&6 (or 6"& | $%#, %#1 |
+---------------------------+------------------------------+
| "%9 | !61, &$6 |
+---------------------------+------------------------------+
| !"# | 169 (196, 961, &$6 |
+---------------------------+------------------------------+
| !61 | "%9, &"9, $"9, $%# |
+---------------------------+------------------------------+
| &"9 | !61, $%#, %#1 |
+---------------------------+------------------------------+
| &$6 | "%9, !"#, %#1 |
+---------------------------+------------------------------+
| $"9 | !61, %#1 |
+---------------------------+------------------------------+
| $%# | 169(''', "&6(6"&, !61, &"9 |
+---------------------------+------------------------------+
| %#1 | "&6(6"&, &"9, &$6, $"9 |
+---------------------------+------------------------------+
Drom that list& only if 5eorgeEs forehead sho%s 2=9 (or 92= can Baul kno%
three digits* ?& > must be on his head and 0& 1 & (& <& 9 may be in the bag* Ce
doesn:t kno% if <?> or ?>1 is on his head& therefore he doesn:t kno% if 1 or < is
in the bag* The digits he kno%s are in the bag are 0& (& and 9*
5eorge& of course& being eAually intelligent& figures this out3 figures he must
ha0e 2=9 on his head for Baul to ans%er !three*!
And can piece together the digit puFFle from %hat he can see on Baul:s forehead*
Ce:ll kno% all four digits in the bag : 0& (& 9 and either 1 or < depending on %hat
BaulEs forehead sho%s*
2o& 5eorgeEs ans%er is "four."