SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF OVER VOLTAGE IMPULSE

ON STATOR WINDINGS OF INDUCTION MOTOR 3 PHASE

Rian Prima Hardiyanto

Power System Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Information Technology
Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Jl Grafika No.2, Yogyakarta-55281, Email : rian.prima.h@mail.ugm.ac.id

Abstract
Impulse voltage in the stator windings
which derive from natural phenomenon
like lightning strike or switching can result
in damage to the stator winding insulation
and so can cause distruption of the
induction motor performance. Simulation
result using software Electromagnetic
Transient Program (EMTP) shows that the
worst condition of induction motor is
when the peak voltage of impulse is high,
inter-winding capacitance is high, winding
to ground capacitance is low, and
inductace is low. That is reason why the
induction motor is broken.
Keyword : Stator windings, Impulse
voltage, Electromagnetic Transient
Program (EMTP).
1. INTRODUCTION
Nowadays electrical energy holds a very
important role in human life . In Indonesia
the appropriate utilization of electrical
energy can help economic growth of our
country. Economic growth in Indonesia is
largely supported by industry sector.
World industries utilizing electric motor as
the prime mover means of production.
Since the induction motor is an essential
element in the industrial world, it would
require a very reliable protection system
on the induction motor disturbances occur
,such as :
Disturbance caused by lightning.
Disruption caused by the termination of
operation (switching operations).
One of harmful interference induction
motor is a disorder that occurs due to
waves surge or impulse voltage. Impulse
voltage produces a much higher voltage
with a duration of events very quickly
from the working voltage of an induction
motor to be tested so that the induction
level of durability.
1.1 Electric Motor
The electric motor is a machine capable of
converting electrical energy into
mechanical energy. The induction motor is
the most widely used type of motor,
because it combines all the advantages
offered by the electrical energy such as
low cost, easy of supply and distribution,
clean handling and simple controls -
together with those of simple construction
and its great versatility to be adapted to
wide ranges of loads and improved
efficiencies.
1.2 Overvoltage Impulse
Overvoltage impulse is the impulse
voltage waveform given in isolation so
that there is a failure in the insulation. This
voltage level by either lightning impulse
withstand voltage or switching the base
can be determined according BIL (Basic
Impulse Insulation Level) along with the
level of low-frequency resistance (rated
short duration power frequency withstand
voltage) into the basic insulation level
(rated insulation level) of the induction
motor.
1.3 Characteristic of Impulse
From the general form of traveling wave
can be detected several wave
specifications,
1. Wave peak (crest), which is the
maximum amplitude of the wave.
2. Wave fronts, t1 (microseconds), i.e the
time from the beginning to peak. In
practice this taken 10% E and 90% E.
3. Tail wave, the peak behind.
Wavelength, t2 (microseconds), i.e the
time from the beginning to the 50%
point E on the wave tail.
4. Polarity, i.e the polarity of the wave,
positive or negative

Picture 1. Impulse Voltage (IEC Standard)
1.4 Impulse Source
Up to this time the causes of the impulse
wave is known is as follows:
1. A bolt of lightning directly on the
wire.
2. Indirect lightning strikes on
transmission wire (induction).
3. Operation disconnection switch
(switching operation)
4. Land arc (arching grounds)
5. Disturbances on the system by the
various errors.
1.5 Standardization of Impulses
Standardization of the impulse wave has
set by some countries, namely:
a) For the lightning impulse (Tf x Tt)
- German and English: 1 x 50 sec
- United States: 1.5 x 40 sec
- Japan: 1 x 40 sec
- IEC: 1.2 X 50 sec
b) For the impulse circuit (TCR x Tt)
- Waveform is 50-1000 sec for TCR and
about 3000 sec for Tt.
- Standard IEC is 250 x 2500 sec.
From the above it can be seen some of the
standards that are set by the IEC standard
is a compromise between impulse voltage
standards of some countries.
2. SIMULATION AND DATA
ANALYSIS
Simulation use Eletromagnetic Transient
Program (EMTP). The goal is to
investigate stator windings characteristic in
several condition. Modeling the stator
winding by Impulse Generator Heidler
Type, Resistor, Inductor, and Capacitor
which arranged below :

Picture 2. Stator Winding of Induction
Motor Model in EMTP
Spesification of based circuit :
Lightning Impulse : 125 kV
(IEC: 1.2 X 50 sec)
R : 1000
Ce : 50 pF
C : 100 pF
L : 100 mH
Simulation result :

Graph 1. Base Characterictic
Graph show that in every test point, the
voltage decrease from the source. That is
becauce of drop voltage which produced
by windings impedance. Impedance will
increase as increasing of windings length.
2.1 Varying Value of Ce
First, we will varying the inter-windings
capacitance.

Graph 1. Ce = 100 pF

Graph 2. Ce = 200 pF
We can get information about the
characterictic of stator winding when we
varying the inter-windings capacitance.
When we increase value of inter-windings
capacitance peak voltage of the impulse
will increase, it may reach the Basic
Insulation Level (BIL) and damage the
winding. In another side, graph show when
we increase the value of inter-windings
capacitance the impulse will damped
quickly. When the impulse damped
quickly, we can avoid increase of
temperature in windings, which can make
windings burn.
2.2 Varying Value of C
Second, we will varying the windings-
ground capacitance.
(f ile Exa_1.pl4; x-var t) v:XX0002 v:XX0004 v:XX0008 v:XX0012 v:XX0016
0.0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5
[ms]
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
[kV]
Varying Ce(1)
(f ile Exa_1.pl4; x-var t) v:XX0002 v:XX0004 v:XX0008 v:XX0012 v:XX0016
0.0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5
[ms]
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
[kV]
Varying Ce(2)
(f ile Exa_1.pl4; x-var t) v:XX0002 v:XX0004 v:XX0008 v:XX0012 v:XX0016
0.0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5
[ms]
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
[kV]
Varying Ce (3)
Base
Ce 50pF 100pF 200pF 50pF 50pF 50pF 50pF
C 100pF 100pF 100pF 50pF 200pF 100pF 100pF
L 100mH 100mH 100mH 100mH 100mH 50mH 200mH
V1 47674 47674 47674 47674 47674 47674 47674
V2 13655 18716 24182 19176 8878 14462 13225
V3 3913 7373 12415 7724 1653 4390 3670
V4 1128 2971 6666 3139 308 1344 1024
V5 350 1365 4150 1345 61 448 305
V-peak * + ++ ++ + - -
Damping * + ++ - - ++ +
Varying Ce Varying C Varying L

Graph 3. C = 50 pF

Graph 4. C = 200 pF
We can get information about the
characteristic of stator winding when we
varying the windings-ground capacitance.
When we increase value of windings-
ground capacitance peak voltage of the
impulse will decrease, and the windings
feel impulse voltage quickly. In another
side, graph show when we increase the
value of windings-ground capacitance the
impulse wouldnt damped quickly like
when we increase the inter-windings
capacitance above.
2.3 Varying Value of L
Third, we will varying the windings
inductance.

Graph 5. L = 50 mH

Graph 6. L = 200 mH
We can get information about the
characterictic of stator winding when we
varying the inductance. When we increase
value of inductance peak voltage doesnt
change significantly, but the impulse
damped quickly like when we increase the
inter-windings capacitance above.
Table 1. Overview of Experiment Varying
R, L, C
[*] Base Condition
[++] Significant
[-] Doesnt Significant

2.4 Varying Impulse to 95 kV
(f ile Exa_1.pl4; x-var t) v:XX0002 v:XX0004 v:XX0008 v:XX0012 v:XX0016
0.0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5
[ms]
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
[kV]
Varying C(1)
(f ile Exa_1.pl4; x-var t) v:XX0002 v:XX0004 v:XX0008 v:XX0012 v:XX0016
0.0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5
[ms]
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
[kV]
Varying C(2)
(f ile Exa_1.pl4; x-var t) v:XX0002 v:XX0004 v:XX0008 v:XX0012 v:XX0016
0.0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5
[ms]
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
[kV]
Varying L(1)
(f ile Exa_1.pl4; x-var t) v:XX0002 v:XX0004 v:XX0008 v:XX0012 v:XX0016
0.0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5
[ms]
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
[kV]
Varying L(2)
In simulation we also varying the impulse
voltage from 125 kV to 95 kV. The result
is,

Graph 7. Impulse 95 kV
From the graph we see that the peak value
of first impulse in not greater than the
experiment before which use 125 kV. Both
of the characterictic is same in varying R,
L, and C but the peak voltage is less than
the 125 kV impulse.
Table 2. Overview of Experiment Varying
Impulse

2.5 Worst Condition
We will simulate the worst condition of
stator winding in induction motor which
we get from data above.
Lightning Impulse : 125 kV
(IEC: 1.2 X 50 sec)
R : 1000
Ce : 200 pF
C : 50 pF
L : 50 mH
The resut is, test point in every node detect
high value of voltage. It can damage the
windings.
Table 3. Worst Condition of Stator
Windings

Waveshape of worst condition is,

Graph 8. Worst Condition of Stator
Windings
2.6 Normal Voltage Experiment
We will simulate model of stator winding
in normal voltage condition. We will also
varying the value of V-peak and
frequency.

Picture 3. Normal Voltage Condition
(f ile Exa_1.pl4; x-var t) v:XX0002 v:XX0004 v:XX0008 v:XX0012 v:XX0016
0.0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5
[ms]
-10
0
10
20
30
40
[kV]
Impulse 95 kV
Base New Value
Impulse 125 kV 95 kV
Ce 50pF 50pF
C 100pF 100pF
L 100mH 100mH
V1 47674 36232
V2 13655 10378
V3 3913 2974
V4 1128 857
V5 350 266
Base Worst
Impulse 125 kV 125
Ce 50pF 200pF
C 100pF 50pF
L 100mH 50mH
V1 47674 47674
V2 13655 30478
V3 3913 20453
V4 1128 15241
V5 350 4607
(f ile Exa_1.pl4; x-var t) v:XX0002 v:XX0004 v:XX0008 v:XX0012 v:XX0016
0.0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5
[ms]
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
[kV]
Worst Condition of Stator Windings
Voltage apply in the circuit is 6.9 kVpeak
and frequency will be 50 Hz.

Graph 9. Output Voltage
When we see the graph we doesnt found
any significant changing of waveshape.
When we detailed the waveshape we wil
found :

Graph 10. Detailed Output Voltage
Output voltage in every test point will
have some phase shift, that is because of
inductance and capacitance in the
windings.
2.7 Compare with BIL Datasheet
From the table, we get the BIL data of
medium voltage motor at rated voltage 6.9
kV is 26.2 kV.
From the simulation above, when we apply
the lighting impulse voltage at 125 kV, the
impulse peak voltage in the first test point
is 47 kV. When we apply 95 kV lightning
impulse, impulse peak voltage in first test
point is 36 kV.
Absolutely, windings of the induction
motor is not able to withstand the impulse
voltage of lightning strike by itself. It
needs a protection device like arrester,
relays and circuit breaker.
3. SUMMARY
From the simulation results and the results
of analysis of the influence of the impulse
voltage 6.9 kV induction motors by using
a simulator ATP / EMTP be concluded as
follows:
1. The worst condition of induction motor
when the value of inter-windings
capacitance is high, windings-ground
capacitance is low and the inductance is
low. That condition will made the stator
windings damaged by very high voltage
of impulse.
2. In normal voltage operation, phase
voltage of windings is shifting. That is
because of inductance and capacitance
of the windings.
3. Basic Insulation Level of 6.9 kV
medium-voltage motor is 26.2 kV.
Motor cant withstand impulse voltage
which greater than 26.2 kV.
4. Surge arrestors constitute an
indispensable aid to insulation
protection in electrical power systems.
Without the deployment of the surge
(f ile Exa_1.pl4; x-var t) v:XX0002 v:XX0004 v:XX0008 v:XX0012 v:XX0016
0.00 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.12 0.15
[s]
-7000
-5250
-3500
-1750
0
1750
3500
5250
7000
[V]
(f ile Exa_1.pl4; x-var t) v:XX0002 v:XX0004 v:XX0008 v:XX0012 v:XX0016
0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0
[ms]
6400
6500
6600
6700
6800
6900
7000
[V]
arrestors, it would be very difficult to
limit the effects of overvoltage surges,
and mitigate the destructive effects of
lightning strikes. Since electric motors
and generators can not retain their
primary characteristics if built with
insulation levels sufficient to withstand
lightning or even certain system
transients, arrestors and lightning rods
remain necessary.
Motors and generators simply not
capable of withstanding the effects of
that type of exceedingly high turn to
turn and phase to ground voltages. The
voltage distribution of high frequency
power surges is not linear, and can
cause damage to motor and generator
insulations and windings. The Lighting
rods and Arrestors help prevent this
problem, by limiting the crest voltages
present in the system.
4. REFERENCES
[1] Bayu Anugrah, P. 2011. SIMULASI
DAN ANALISIS PENGARUH
TEGANGAN LEBIH IMPULS
PADA BELITAN
TRANSFORMATOR DISTRIBUSI
20 KV. Proceeding Seminar Tugas
Akhir Jurusan Teknik Elektro FTI-ITS.
[2] Frey, G. 2014. The Role of Lighting
Rods or Surge Arrestors in Electric
Motor Protection.
[3] 7.2 kV equipment basic insulation
levels (BIL). 2012. [e-book]
http://www.energy.siemens.com/us/po
ol/us/power-distribution/ansi-
standard-
products/TechTopics/ANSI_MV_Tec
hTopics47_EN.pdf [Accessed: 5 Jan
2014].
5. BIOGRAPHY
Rian Prima
Hardiyanto, born in
Sleman, October 31,
1992, Religion Islam,
first child of Drs.
Sujiyanto and Mrs.
Titik Waluyani.
Education History
SDN Maguwoharjo 1,
Sleman (1999 -
2005), SMP Negeri 4 Depok (2006-2008),
SMA Negeri 1 Depok (2009-2011).
Through SNMPTN 2011, accepted a
student of Electrical Engineering and
Information Technology Department,
UGM, Yogyakarta.