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 Introduction Course of
GENERAL PACKET RADIO
SERVICES
(GPRS)

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 GPRS
• WHAT is GPRS?
• GPRS Network Architecture
• GPRS Protocol
• ZXG10-BSS GPRS Introduction

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 What’s GPRS?
• GPRS: General Packet Radio Service
– Providing for subscribers end to end mobile data
services based on packet switching and transmission.
Especially suitable for long-time, low traffic burst data
service.
– GPRS ＝ Mobile ＋ IP ， is the combination of GSM
wireless access technology and Internet packet
switching technology.
– Smooth upgrading. Providing general packet radio
service with least modification and least cost.

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 Wireless Data Transmission
• Ordinary CS Data Service
– Max. data transmission rate：9.6kb/s
– Supporting transparent and non-transparent data
transmission
– Supporting Fax/data service
– Supporting PSTN/ISDN/PDN interconnection

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 Wireless Data Transmission
• High Speed Circuit-Switched Data（HSCSD）
– Multiple slots bundled, at most 4 time slots.
– Max. 14.4kb/s per time slot
– Mainly by software upgrading. No new network
entity is needed.

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 Wireless Data Transmission
• GPRS
– Multiple slots bundled, at most 8 time slots.
– CS-1(9.05kb/s), CS-2(13.4kb/s), CS-3(15.6kb/s), CS-
4(21.4kb/s)
– Channel shared by multiple users.
– GPRS terminals can keep connections with network for
long time and can be “always on line”.
– Charged on traffic flow, low expense.

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 CS Service vs GPRS

Low speed rate High rate

(9.6Kb/s) (171.2Kbps)
High expense Low expense
Low utilization rate High utilization rate
(dedicated) (shared)
Long delay(>20s) Short delay(<1s)

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 Evolution of GSM Data Service
2M

384K

171.2K

57.6K

9.6K

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 GPRS Services
• Phase I
– PTP
– CS-1, CS-2
– SMS over GPRS
– Charged on packet traffic

• Phase II
– PTM
– CS-3, CS-4
– Other supplementary services
– Network applied services.

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 GPRS Services

• Vehicle tracing • Ordering status and alarm

• Dynamic traffic monitoring
managing • Fixed and mobile point of
• Police dispatching selling
• Bank information • Remote measuring (highway
service traffic), weather forecasting
• Remote meters reading
• Distributing operation: taxi
managing

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 GPRS System Structure
• SGSN：Serving GPRS Supporting Node
• GGSN：Gateway GPRS Supporting Node
• PCU：Packet Control Unit
• GPRS Mobile Station
• CG：Charging Gateway

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 GPRS Network

MSC GMSC

ISDN
Voice
GPRS MS
BSS CS service line

PS service line
PCU
GSN
TE Backbone Internet
Packet X.25
Data

SGSN GGSN

ZXG10 GPRS System Structure

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 GPRS OPERATION – Main Nodes

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 SGSN AND GGSN
SERVING GPRS SUPPORT NODE
GATEWAY GPRS SUPPORT NODE

PLMN GSS

IP network 1
GGSN1

SGSN1
IP network 2

IP
backbone
IP network 3
GGSN2

SGSN2 IP network 4

GGSN3 IP network 5

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 CHARGING GATEWAY (CG)

• Receives CDRs from GSNs via the Ga interface

•Saves the CDRs as CDR files after preprocessing

including filtering and consolidation

•Sends the CDR files to the billing center

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 HOME LOCATION REGISTER (HLR)

• Save GPRS subscription data

• Provide location/route information for MM and
route selection, such as:
– Save and update user SGSN number and address
– GPRS user location deletion indicator
– MS reachable tag

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 PACKET CONTROL UNIT (PCU)

BTS CCU
PCU BSC SGSN
CCU

Gb
BTS BSC

CCU
PCU SGSN

CCU

CCU Gb
BSC PCU
CCU

Um Abis
SGSN
CCU = Channel Control Unit
PCU = Packet Control Unit

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 GPRS MS

„ Class A
The MS is attached to both GPRS and other GSM
services, and the MS supports simultaneous
operation of GPRS and other GSM services.
„ Class B
The MS is attached to both GPRS and other GSM
services, but the MS can only operate one set of
services at a time.
„ Class C
The MS is exclusively attached to GPRS services.

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 GPRS OPERATION – Main Interfaces

Um A SMS-
BSS MSC HLR
GMSC
Gd
Mobile Gs
GPRS Gb Gr

SGSN Gc
Gn
SGSN Gi IP network
Sig. + data GGSN
Pure Sig.

GPRS network

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 GPRS OPERATION

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 GPRS OPERATION – Mobile States

e "Idle"

At
im

tac
ofT

hm
ut

en
r O

t
o

to
De
t
en

n
tac

etw
hm

hm
ac

or
et

en

k
D

t
Out of Time
"Stand-by" "Ready"
Packet Tx or Rx

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 GPRS PROTOCOLS
and RADIO Interface

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 GPRS PROTOCOL STACK STRUCTURE

Application Application

IP/X25 IP/X25 IP/X25

relay
SNDCP GTP
SNDCP GTP

LLC LLC UDP/TCP UDP/TCP

relay L2 (MAC)
RLC RLC (BSSGP) (BSSGP) IP IP
Network Network
MAC MAC L2 L2
service service
Physical Physical Physical Physical Physical Physical Physical
Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer

MS Um BSS SGSN Gn GGSN Gi

Gb

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 TRANSMISSION PROTOCOL PLATFORM

• SNDCP （ Sub Network Dependent Convergence

Protocol):
Network layer protocol. The main functions include: PDPs
multiplexing；Compressing and decompressing user data
and control information; divide network PDU（N-PDU）
into logic link PDU（LL-PDU, or vice versa.

• LLC (Logic Link Control):

A very reliable, independent and scrambled logic link, so
as to modify the network with the least when another
GPRS solution is introduced.

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 TRANSMISSION PROTOCOL PLATFORM

• RLC/MAC：
Provides transfer service for layers over physical layer.
RLC is the radio link control protocol between MS and BTS.
The main functions include: Um interface data block error
detection; error data block selecting and retransmission.
MAC controls the access signaling processing ,makes
judgment when a lot of MSs access the network. Maps the
LLC frames onto GSM physical channels.

• GSM RF

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 RADIO BLOCK STRUCTURE

Packet
PH User data Network layer
(PDU)
SNDCP layer
Segment Segment
...
SNDCP layer
FH Info FCS LLC frame LLC layer
LLC layer

Segment Segment Segment RLC / MAC layer

...
RLC block
BH Info BCS Tail
456 bits RLC / MAC layer
Coding and interleaving Physical layer

114 bits 114 bits 114 bits 114 bits

Normal
Burst Burst Burst Burst Burst
PH : Packet Header BH : Block Header FCS : Frame Check Sequence
FH : Frame Header BCS : Block Check Sequence

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 TRANSMISSION PROTOCOL PLATFORM
• Relay：
To relay LLC PDU between Um and Gb interfaces in BSS
and relay PDP PDU between Gb and Gn in SGSN.

• BSSGP（BSS GPRS Protocol):

This layer transfers route-related and QoS related
information between BSS and SGSN. No error correction
is implemented.

• NS (Network Service):
This layer transfers BSSGP PDU.

• L1bis、L1、L2:
Not regulated in GPRS regulations.

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 TRANSMISSION PROTOCOL PLATFORM

• GTP（GPRS Tunnel Protocol):

This protocol supports data and signaling transmission
among nodes of GPRS backbone network. All PTP PDU
PDP are packed with GTP.

• UDP/TCP：
TCP carries GTP PDU that needs reliable data link, X.25
for example, in GPRS backbone.UDP carries GTP PDU
that does not need reliable data link, IP for example, in
GPRS backbone. TCP provides traffic control and protects
GTP PDU from losing and damaging.UDP protects GTP
PDU from damaging.

• IP：
GPRS backbone protocol used for routing user data and
control signaling. Currently based on IPv4, finally IPv6.
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 RADIO BLOCKS

1 TDMA frame TDMA1 TDMA51

fi 0 1 3 5 6 7
2 4

multiframe (52)

0 to 3
47 to 50
TS0 51
Block0 Block11

PDCH0

8 physical
channels
PDCH7

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 PACKET PHYSICAL CHANNELS
PACKET DATA CHANNELS (PDCH) – physical channels
that are assigned for use by GPRS System
2 TYPES OF PDCH
1. Dedicated PDCHs – allocated and released by operator
command and are considered a permanent GPRS
resource in the cell. No GSM traffic can use these
channels.
2. On-demand PDCHs – serve as temporary dynamic
GPRS resources and are allocated and released
depending on GPRS (and GSM) traffic demand
BCH TCH TCH TCH PDCH PDCH PDCH PDCH

Dedicated On-demand

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 PACKET LOGICAL CHANNELS

GPRS logical channels

Packet control channels Packet traffic channels

PCCH PBCCH PDTCH PACCH PTCCH

DL UL/ DL UL/ DL UL/ DL

PRACH PPCH PAGCH PNCH

UL DL DL DL

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 PACKET TRAFFIC CHANNELS – (PTCH)

• PDTCH – Packet Data Traffic Channel

- logical channel allocated for user data transfer.

• PTCCH/ U – Packet Timing Advance Control Channel/ Uplink

- used to transmit random access burst to allow
estimation of the timing advance for one MS in
packet transfer mode.

• PTCCH/ D – Packet Timing Advance Control Channel/ Downlink

- used to transmit timing advance information
updates to MS.
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 PACKET TRAFFIC CHANNELS – (PTCH)

• PACCH – Packet Associated Control Channel

- conveys signaling information related to a
given MS on both the uplink and the
downlink.eg:power control and confirm

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 PACKET BROADCAST CHANNEL – (PBCH)

• PBCCH – Packet Broadcast Control Channel

- broadcasts packet data specific System information.
- If there is no PBCCH allocation, packet-data-specific
system information is broadcasted via BCCH

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 PACKET COMMON CONTROL CHANNELS –
(PPCH)

• PPCH – Packet Paging Channel

- is used to page an MS prior to downlink packet transfer.
- can be used also for circuit-switched data services

• PRACH – Packet Random Access Channel

- is used by MS to initiate uplink transfer for sending data or
signaling information.

• PAGCH – Packet Access Grant Channel

- is used in the packet transfer establishment phase to
resource assignment to an MS prior to packet transfer.

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 CHANNEL COMBINATION

i. PBCCH + PCCCH + PDTCH + PACCH + PTCCH

ii. PCCCH + PDTCH + PACCH + PTCCH

iii. PDTCH + PACCH +PTCCH

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 GPRS MULTIFRAME STRUCTURE

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 MAPPING OF PTCCH/ U

• While MS is assigned a PDTCH, it will be assigned a

PTCCH/U on the same PDTCH.

• PTCCH/U’s period is 8*52 multiple frames and

include 16 PTCCH/U sub-channels(0…15).

• Each MS’s PTCCH/U sub-channel is determined by

TAI(Timing Advance Index).

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 MAPPING OF PTCCH/ U

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 DATA TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION

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 Abis Allocation for CS1 and CS2

CS－1 and CS－2 occupy 16kb/s of link

BTS
BSC
E1
Support CS－1 （PCU）
and CS－2

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 Abis Allocation for CS3 and CS4

CS-3 and CS-4 occupy

2*16kb/s links

BTS
Support CS-3 BSC
E1
and CS-4 （PCU）

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ZTE University www.univ.zte.com.cn
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