Перри Джеймс, Пост Джеральд - Введение в Oracle 10g

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Oracle 10g (ISBN 5-8459-1113-3)
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32.973.26-018.2.75
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, Prenti e Hall, In .
2006 by Pearson
Authorized translation from the English language edition published by Prenti e Hall, Copyright
Edu ation, In ., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 07458.
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Prenti e Hall
Russian language edition published by Williams Publishing House a ording to the Agreement with R&I Enterprises
2006
International, Copyright
ISBN 5-8459-1113-3 (.)

ISBN 0-13-195740-6 (.)
, 2006

by Pearson Edu ation, In , 2006

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Ora le 10g . 36
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123 Main
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07-JUN-2006
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Customer s
CustomerID
LastName
FirstName
Phone
Address
City
151
Jones
Mary
111-2222
123 Main
Eureka
152
Smith
Susan
222-5555
738 Elm
Eureka
153
Brown
David
111-2355
235 East
Eureka
154
Sanchez
Maria
999-3332
351 Ocean
Arcata
155
Steuben
Saul
555-2351
111 Main
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Federico
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Customer Order
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CustomerID
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1526
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06-JUN-06
06-JUN-06
06-JUN-06
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1201
1201
1202
1202
Saul
Saul
Mary
Mary
Mary
FName
Steuben
Steuben
Jones
Jones
Jones
LName
555-2351
555-2351
111-2222
111-2222
111-2222
Phone
111 Main
111 Main
123 Main
123 Main
123 Main
Address
Orick
Orick
Eureka
Eureka
Eureka
Cityte
06-JUN-06
06-JUN-06
1201
1202
155
151
CustID
Saul
Mary
FName
Steuben
Jones
LName
555-2351
111-2222
Phone
111 Main
123 Main
Address
Orick
Eureka
City
CA
CA
State
CA
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95022
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15.72
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1.59
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32.95
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OrderDate
OrderID
Baseball
Basketball
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Basketball
Description
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Basketball
Description
Qty
Qty
Ora le 10g . 44
Ora le 10g . 45
45
OrderID
OrderDate
CustID
FName
LName
Phone
Address
City
Sta te
ZIP
1201
06-JUN-06
151
Mary
Jones
111-2222
123 Main
Eureka
CA
95001
1202
06-JUN-06
155
Saul
Steuben
555-2351
111 Main
Orick
CA
95022
OrderID
ItemID
Price
Description
Quantity
1201
1526
32.95
Basketball
1201
3921
79.92
Running Shoes
1201
4797
1.59
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1202
1526
32.95
Basketball
1202
3144
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46
1. Ora le 10g
order-customer
OrderID
OrderDate
CustID
FName
LName
Phone
Address
City
State
ZIP
1201
06-Jun-06
151
Mary
Jones
111-2222
123 Main
Eureka
CA
95001
1202
06-Jun-06
155
Saul
Steuben
555-2351
111 Main
Orick
CA
95022
OrderItems
OrderID
ItemID
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1526
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1201
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Quantity
ItemID
Price
Description
1526
32.95
Basketball
3921
3144
15.72
Baseball
4797
3921
79.92
Running Shoes
1202
1526
4797
1.59
1202
3144
. 1.10. ,
Racquetballs
ItemID
order- ustomer (. . 1.10) .

, . 1.7,
. - .
. ,
(, .) CustomerID,
OrderID. CustomerID,
OrderID.
, , , . ,
. CustomerID, ,
. ,
. ,
CustomerID, .
. 1.11.
, . , ,
,
, , ,
.
Ora le 10g . 47
Order
s
47
Customers
OrderID OrderDate CustomerID
CustomerID FName LName
Phone
1201
06-JUN-06
151
151
Mary
Jones
111-2222 123 Main Eureka CA
1202
06-JUN-06
155
155
Saul
Steuben 555-2351 111 Main Orick
OrderItems
Address City
State ZIP
CA
95001
95022
Items
OrderID
ItemID
Quantity
1201
1526
1201
3921
1201
4797
1202
1526
1202
3144
ItemID Price
Description
1526
32.95
Basketball
3144
15.72
Baseball
3921
79.92
Running Shoes
4797
1.59
. 1.11. ,
Racquetballs
CustomerID
Orders OrderID, (OrderDate) , (CustomerID).

Customers CustomerID,
. Items ItemID, . OrderItems -
. OrderID ItemID . ,
.
.
, .
,
. , , , -
.
, , ,
. . , .

. 1.11 , , .
Ora le 10g . 48
48
1. Ora le 10g
.
, . , , . , Orders
CustomerID,
Customers.
Orders . OrderID , ,
. , , CustomerID
Orders.
, ,
, ..
. - .
, Orders CustomerID.
, CustomerID Customers, Orders (foreign key).
, Ora le, . ,
OrderItems : OrderID ItemID, .
, Customers Items
. ,
. , ,
. , , Orders
. ,
OrderItems (. . 1.11) Items,
OrderItems, Ora le . ,
CustomerID, 190,
Customers .
(referential integrity)
, ,
.
-
1990- ,
- , (Obje t-Oriented Programming OOP). ,
-
Ora le 10g . 49
49
. ,
,
. . -
. ,
. ,
Customers, . . ,
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(entity),
, , , . -
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-, - . Ora le
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.
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; -, .
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.
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: Longitude (), latitude ()
altitude ( ). .
Ora le CREATE TYPE, . .
Ora le 10g . 50
50
1. Ora le 10g
Account
AccountID
CustomerID
DateOpened
DateClosed
OpeningBalance
Checking Account
MinimumBalance
InterestRate
MonthlyFee
Savings Account
InterestRate
QuarterlyFee
Student Checking
MaxChecksPerMonth
OverdraftLimit
. 1.12.
Ora le,
.
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. ,
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, , .
Che king A ount Savings A ount. ,
A ount. ,
( - , ).
, Student Che king A ount.
.
Ora le
. ,

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Ora le 10g . 51
Ora le
51
,
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,
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- , . , -
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.
Ora le
Ora le , .
, Ora le , , Ora le, Ora le.
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. , , , ,
.
,
. ,
. , ,
, . ,
, . ,
. , PL/SQL ,
.
. , ,
Ora le 10g . 52
52
1. Ora le 10g

Developer
Suite

Oracle

PL/SQL

. 1.13.
. Ora le , Enterprise Manager ,

Ora le
. ,
. , Ora le
.
. ,
, Ora le Enterprise.

. , Ora le
, , .
Developer Suite.
. Ora le Developer Suite . ,
Developer Suite , .
Ora le 10g . 53
Ora le
53
Ora le
, Ora le ,
.
(Linux, Windows XP, Unix
.), Ora le.
. , Ora le .
Ora le 10g ,
, Web-. , ,
. , . ,
, , . Ora le.
, Ora le Enterprise Manager TCP/IP, . , -
, . Developer Suite , .
.
, ,
, , .
, .
.
Ora le.
Ora le, .
,
.
, Ora le, .
1. .
Ora le Te hnology
Network (http://otn.ora le. om). Ora le.
2. , , ,
. , setup.exe. , Install/Deinstall Produ ts.
Ora le 10g . 54
54
1. Ora le 10g
3. ,
, , . .
, .
4. , Ora le, ,
2 (. 1.14).
, Personal Ora le.
, (Global Database
Name) - , ORCL.
5.
. ,
, .
6. Next .
Install .
. ,
. OK.
7. (. 1.15), ,
. , TCP/IP, .
. ,
,
. ,
Exit.
8. Enterprise Manager. ,
. , . (: http://<server name>:5500/em.)
- ,
.
9. Enterprise Manager, system
, 3.
10. ,
. Administration,
Users Se urity. Create.
, ,
OK. .
. , ,
Ora le 10g . 55
Ora le
. 1.14. Ora le
. 1.15. , URL
55
Ora le 10g . 56
56
1. Ora le 10g
. , Developer Suite,
.
Ora le
, ,
.
.
, Ora le ,
.
1. , Windows, Ora le.
Windows Start/All Programs/Administrative Tools/ Computer
Management (/ // ),
Servi es () Servi es and Appli ations (
), . 1.16, ,
Ora le. Stop (). ,
Properties () Automati ()
Manual (). .
2. Ora le .
Windows Start/All Programs/Ora le . . . home/Ora le Installation Produ ts/Universal Installer (/ /Ora le . . . home/Ora le Installation Produ ts/Universal Installer). Deinstall Produ ts . . 1.17
. Remove, .
, Yes .
3. .
. Windows Explorer, Ora leHome . ,
C:\Program Files\Ora le.
4. , Ora le
. .
, . ,
Windows Start/Run (/ ), regedit
<Enter>. , . 1.18,
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, SOFTWARE, ORACLE
<Delete>.
Ora le 10g . 57
Ora le
57
. 1.16. Ora le
5. ( HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Servi es HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet002\Servi es). ,

, Ora le: Ora leOraDb10g_home1TNSListener,
Ora le.<dbname>, Ora leDBConsole<dbname>, Ora leOraDB10g_home1iSQL*Plus,
Ora leCSServi e, Ora leDBConsole<dbname> Ora leServi e <dbname>.
Edit/Find (/)
, Ora le. , .
6. Start (). Start (), Ora le, , Delete ().
Ora le.
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet002\Control\Session Manager\Environment Advan ed ().
, Ora le . .
Ora le , .
Developer Suite
Developer Suite . ,
Ora le 10g . 58
58
1. Ora le 10g
. 1.17. Ora le
Ora le Appli ation Server.

Ora le; , , Developer Suite .
,
.
1. Developer Suite. Install. .
Next.
2. Ora le Home (. 1.19).
, (path) (Name) Developer Suite. ,
1 . Next.
3. ,
. Rapid Appli ation Development,
Ora le 10g . 59
Ora le
59
Oracle
. 1.18. Ora le
Complete,
. Next.
4. ,
SMTP-. ,
,
. Next.
5. Install.

70% . .
, . Windows
Ora le, ,
Ora le Developer Suite.
Ora le , .
.
.
Developer Suite. - , -
Ora le 10g . 60
60
1. Ora le 10g
. 1.19.
,
, , . Developer Suite ,
, : Ora le , , .
, Ora le Internet Dire tory Ora le
Names Server, . , ,
, .
Ora le ,
.
1. Start () Windows Ora le Developer Suite/Conguration and
Migration Tools/Net Manager. Servi eNaming ,
- (. 1.20).
extpro . , ,
.
2. Servi eNaming, Create (
)
. , , ( LabDB).
Next.
Ora le 10g . 61
Ora le
61
3. Proto ol TCP/IP-, ,
Next.
4. , . ,
,
, Windows. (1521)
Next.
5. ,
4 .
ORCL, , . 1.21, -
, Next.
6.
. .
Test. , (s ott) , . Change
Login .
Test.
7. ,
Finish. Net
Manager File/Save Network Conguration,
. Net Manager.
8. ,
.
-, , , ,
. , ,
, .
, Ora le
.

Appli ation Server Forms and Reports Servi es
, -. Appli ation Server
Forms and Reports Servi es , .
, OTN. ( ).
Appli ation Server,
, Appli ation Server , Developer Suite
. -
Ora le 10g . 62
62
1. Ora le 10g
. 1.20. Ora le
, , Developer
Suite . , .
.
, .
1. OTN Forms and Reports Servi es. , Appli ation Server Forms and Reports Servi es,
.
setup.exe. Wel ome Next.
2. , . ,
, ,
OraDB10g_AS. , Next.
3. . , (
Ora le 10g . 63
Ora le
63
. 1.21.
), . , , Next.
4. Ora10gAS.
, .
(ias_admin) . Next.
5. , , SMTP-,
. , , , , , ,
.
. Next,
Install .
6. URL (. 1.22). . 80 Web-.
, .
. URL
1810 TCP/IP Enterprise Manager .
( ias_admin , 4).
Appli ation Servi es - . ,
, ,
, .
Ora le 10g . 64
64
1. Ora le 10g
. 1.22. Forms and Reports Servi es
Ora le
Ora le, , , , , . , ,
, ,
. Ora le , .
,
. ,
.
SQL*Plus iSQL*Plus
Ora le, SQL*Plus iSQL*Plus,
. , - .
Ora le , SQL-.
Ora le 10g . 65
Ora le
65
( SQL- , , .)
Ora le, SQL*Plus. Ch01Data -
(Ch01Explore.sql). .
1. SQL*Plus Windows.
. 1.23. Ora le, Appli ation Development SQL Plus.
2. . . 1.24 .
, , . ,
, Host String. Ora le , ,
. OK.
3. SQL*Plus .
SQL, . ,
, Windows Explorer. SQL*Plus
<>\Ch01Explore
<> . . 1.25. Clients . : ClientID,
FirstName, LastName, Category Balan e. Category
(Builder, Banker ..); Balan e ,
, .
4. , SELECT * FROM Clients; <Enter>. .
, , ,
, SQL*Plus
.
5. Ora le SQL*Plus,
Exit <Enter>.
, Ora le - iSQL*Plus, .
, Web-.
iSQL*Plus Ora le,
.
Ora le 10g . 66
66
1. Ora le 10g
. 1.23. SQL*Plus
. 1.24.
. 1.25.
1. Web-. URL iSQL,

. , , ( <server name>
):
Ora le 10g . 67
Ora le
67
http://<server name>:5560/isqlplus
. , URL,
. ,
.
http://127.0.0.1:5560/isqplplus
( , . URL iSQL*Plus.)
2. Ora le Username
Password. Conne tIdentier .
Login, Workspa e.
3. Workspa e . <Enter> ( SQL*Plus):
SELECT * FROM Clients;

4. Exe ute, . Ora le
16 Clients (. 1.26).
. 1.26 .
, ,
. , , SQL*Plus iSQL*Plus. SQL*Plus,
( Windows).
. SQL*Plus ,
,
. , iSQL*Plus
, , SQL*Plus. -
SQL*Plus,
.
, SQL-,
.
1. Workspa e, Clear, , . Workspa e
, iSQL*Plus .
2. Workspa e .
Exe ute, .
DROP TABLE Clients PURGE;
Ora le 10g . 68
68
1. Ora le 10g
. 1.26. iSQL*Plus
3. iSQL*Plus, ,
Ora le.
4. .
Developer Suite
Developer Suite Forms Builder Reports
Builder. ,
. , .
Ora le 10g . 69
Ora le
69
,
, ,
. .
. 1.27 ,
Clients. , . ,
NextRe ord (
) PreviousRe ord (
), . , Save (
.
. Enter Query (
), (,
Banker Category), Exe ute Query ( ).

, .
, .
. 1.28 , Clients.
,
Category (Banker, Builder ..). .
Report Wizard. Web-. Ora le PDF-, , .
,
. , , . , (Clients.fmb) (ClientBalan es.jsp),
- ( , ). , Ora le.
, , ,
,
. 8,
.
Ora le Enterprise Manager
Forms Builder Reports Builder
. . , SQL*Plus iSQL*Plus.
.
Ora le 10g . 70
70
1. Ora le 10g
. 1.27.
Clients
, SQL,
,
. ,
.
. ,
, .
, ,
.
Ora le 10g . 71
Ora le
. 1.28.
71
Clients
, Enterprise Manager, , .
, ( ), .
, Enterprise Manager . Ora le
, System,
. ,
, , ,
Enterprise Manager.
, Enterprise Manager
. ,
, .
.
, Enterprise Manager, .
Ora le 10g . 72
72
1. Ora le 10g
1. TCP/IP, . Web URL . ( ).
http://<server name>:5500/em
2. . Enterprise Manager,
.
3. (Home, Performan e, Administration Maintenan e)
. . 1.29 Administration.
(, Storage Se urity).
4. Users Se urity,
.
Ora le ,
, System.
, ,
. : ,
. , , .
.
5. Logout ,
.

. Redwood Realty.
, , . () ( ).
, .
. ,
( Redwood Realty);
, , .. ,
Ora le 10g . 73
. 1.29.
73
Administration Enterprise Manager
..
.
, ,
, , .
, , .
, . SQL,
.
-.
. ,
,
.
Ora le 10g . 74
74
1. Ora le 10g
Redwood Realty
Redwood Realty
, , , Ora le.
Redwood Realty. 1 ,
, . ,
.
. : ,
, ,
, / .
,
. ,
( ). ,
.
, MLS (Multiple Listing Servi e).
, , .
(, ). , Redwood Realty, ,
. , .
. 1.30 , Redwood Realty. , . ( )
. PK
( Primary Key). FK ( Foreign
Key) . (., , CustAgentList . 1.30).
PK, FK. (
FK .)
. 1.30 ,
.
, . Conta tReason , Redwood Realty
1 , .
Ora le,
, / .
. .
Ora le 10g . 75
PK
PK
PK
FK2
Customers
CustomerID
FirstName
LastName
Address
City
State
Zipcode
HomePhone
CellPhone
WorkPhone
Properties
PropertyID
OwnerID
Address
City
State
Zipcode
Bedrooms
Bathrooms
Stories
SqFt
YearBuilt
Zone
LotSize
Latitude
Longitude
ContactReason
ContactReason
Description
CustAgentList
PK,FK2 CustomerID
PK,FK1 AgentID
PK,FK3 ListingID
PK
ContactDate
FK4
PK
FK3
FK5
FK6
PK
75
PK
ContactReason
BidPrice
CommissionRate
Listings
ListingID
PropertyID
ListingAgentID
SaleStatusID
BeginListDate
EndListDate
AskingPrice
FK2
Agents
AgentID
FirstName
LastName
HireDate
BirthDate
Gender
WorkPhone
CellPhone
HomePhone
Title
TaxID
LicenseID
LicenseDate
LicenseExpire
LicenseStatusID
PK
LicenseStatus
LicenseStatusID
StatusText
SaleStatus
SaleStatusID
SaleStatus
. 1.30. Redwood Realty
: Buy (), Sell () Casual (). Customers 2 500 , Redwood Realty .
. Agents, 29 ,
, Redwood Realty. Listings 502 , .
, . , (AskingPri e).
Properties 2 000 ,
Listings Customers. , Properties,
502 . 1 492 . ,
, , , ,
, , , , , !
SaleStatus : For Sale ( -
Ora le 10g . 76
76
1. Ora le 10g
), Pending ( ) Sold (). ,

, SaleStatus Listings (
SaleStatus). Li enseStatus 16 ,
.
Li ensed ( ) Surrendered ( ).
,
. , CustAgentList ,
, Customers, Agents Listings. CustAgentList , Customers, Listings, Agents
Conta tReason. 1 018 .
, . , BidPri e ,
Conta tReason Buy.
, ,
. ,
, . .
. , ,
, , ,
.
, . . ,
, . 6% ,
. . 1.31 , . ,
,
.
CustomerAgentList. .
. 1.32 .
, .
, , ,
, . ,
.
Ora le 10g . 77
77
. 1.31.
Coffee Mer hant

Coffee Mer hant ,
. , Web-,
: .
Coffee Mer hant : - Kona Extra Fan y
(), , , , , ( ).
- Coffee Mer hant : States,
Consumers, Employees, OrderLines, Orders, Inventory Countries.
-
Ora le 10g . 78
78
1. Ora le 10g
. 1.32.
. States 50 .
, ,
, , ,
URL Web- ( , , ). Consumers
( 1 500 -).
Employees 22 : , , , . , Coffee Mer hant,
Orders OrderLines. 500 Orders
, ,
, ( ). OrderLines
2 192 , | .
Inventory , Coffee Mer hant
. 128 Inventory : .
Des ription , , ,
Ora le 10g . 79
79
, , , .. Countries, 256 , . Inventory Countries

- .
, .
, Web- ,
Coffee Mer hant 22 . ,
, , . , , ,
; Web- .
/ .
Ora le, Web-. , Ora le , .
. 1.33 , Coffee
Mer hant. , .
(). ,
. , Value
. , ,
, . -,
. ,
. -, , .. .
. 1.34 Coffee
Mer hant. . : ,
. , .
,
.
Rowing Ventures
Rowing Ventures
.
, Rowing Ventures
, , ,
, .
Ora le 10g . 80
80
1. Ora le 10g
. 1.33. Coffee Mer hant
Boat , , ,
. Organization ,
, .
, , , , , , .
Ra eTimes , ,
. Ra e . : Club Eights Men Club Fours
Men. Joining Ra e, Ra eTimes Boat , , ,
Ora le 10g . 81
81
. 1.34.
. BoatCrew . Person , , .
Person ,
, ,
(, ). Join-
Ora le 10g . 82
82
1. Ora le 10g
ing Ra e, Ra eTimes, Boat, BoatCrew Person

, , .
. , ..
. , ,
.
, .
Rowing Ventures . ,
, ,
. , , , ,
.
. Web , . ,
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() , 0 Position BoatCrew.
, , , . ,
8.
( ). ,
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( ) .
. ( !)
. 1.35 , .
,
.
( ).
, , ,
, .
,
(. 1.36).
.
. PDF-
Web-, .
Ora le 10g . 83
83
. 1.35.
Broad loth Clothing

Broad loth Clothing , , . Broad loth Clothing
,
. ,
. , . Broad loth Clothing
, (),
. ,
Ora le 10g . 84
84
1. Ora le 10g
. 1.36.
, , .
. , , , .
.
. 1.37,
. , .
. , ,

.
.
. , .
, ,
,
. , , -
Ora le 10g . 85
85
. 1.37. Broad loth Clothing
.
, , .
- (. 1.38).
,
. .
Broad loth Clothing . ,
. , .
Ora le 10g . 86
86
1. Ora le 10g
. 1.38.
, . , Broad loth Clothing ,

.
. ,
, , .
. 1.39. .
, ,
.
Ora le 10g . 87
87
. 1.39.
.
, , . , . ,
, . , ,
. ,
. , ,
. ,
. ,
,
.

() , .
,
. -
Ora le 10g . 88
88
1. Ora le 10g
. , . , ,
, , , , ,
. , ,
, .
Ora le
, .
, ,
, Developer Suite.
(
). Ora le ,
Windows.
, Ora le,
. Ora le SQL,
SQL*Plus. -,
Web iSQL*Plus. Developer Suite
.
, . Ora le,
, Enterprise Manager.
Enterprise Manager, . ,
,
.

Ora le 10g . 89

()
()
Developer Suite

Enterprise Manager

(Entity-Relationship Diagram ERD)

(Unied Modeling Language UML)
89
Ora le 10g . 90
90
1. Ora le 10g
1.
, .
2. ,
.
3. , ,
.
4. Developer Suite ,
, .
5. Enterprise Manager
.

1. ,
, _____.
2. ,
_____ .
3. - , Ora le, _____,
.
4. , , _____ .
5. , _____,
CustomerID
Order ,
Customer.

1. , ?
) SQL*Plus
) Enterprise Manager
) Forms Builder
) Reports Builder
) Appli ation Server
Ora le 10g . 91
91
2. :
ListingProperty(ListingID, StartDate, AgentID,

PropertyID, Bedrooms, Bathrooms, Size)
(Bedrooms), (Bathrooms) (Size)
PropertyID. :
) .
) .
) .
) .
)
3. _____.
) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
4. Ora le
) Add/Remove programs ( ) Windows.
) Ora le .
) Ora le Windows.
) Ora le.
) Ora le.
5. ,
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) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
Ora le 10g . 92
92
1. Ora le 10g
1. Readwood Realty
,
. .
1. .
, Properties, Agents, Listings, Customers
CustomerAgentList, .
2. , (, Conta tReason) - ?
, , .
, , , .
3. , , ,
. .
, .
,
. ,
.
2. Coffee Mer hant
, .
.
1. . : Orders, OrderLines,
Inventory Consumers.
2. States,
, . .
,
.
Ora le 10g . 93
93
3. .
, .
,
. . ,
.
3. Rowing Ventures
, , , .
Web-, , .
. .
, ,
.
, , , . , .
, . ,
. .

.
Ora le 10g . 94
Ora le 10g . 95
SQL SQL*Plus
. . .
SQL-
SQL-
SQL, Ora le
SQL-
SQL- ,
SQL*Plus
(Stru tured Query Language SQL)

, . SQL ..
(E.F. Codd), 1970- System R SQL IBM. Ora le.
SQL ANSI (Ameri an National Standards Institute ) ISO (International Standards
Organization ). ANSI SQL 1986 . 1989 ANSI ISO SQL89 (
SQL1). ANSI SQL92
Ora le 10g . 96
96
2. SQL SQL*Plus
(SQL2). ANSI, SQL99 (SQL3),

- .
SQL
, Ora le, DB2 (IBM), SQL Server (Mi rosoft) MySQL.
SQL . , , , , , . SQL,
,
. . , SQL99,
Ora le. ,
SQL , Ora le,
. SQL
, , , (, , ).
, SQL, .
Ora le ANSI SQL,
SQL, SQL*Plus. SQL*Plus SQL,
Ora le. SQL*Plus , , , ,
, SQL.
, , Ora le,
SQL*Plus.
SQL
SQL: , DDL- (Data
Denition Language ), DML- (Data Manipulation
Language ), TC- (Transa tion Control
) DCL- (Data Control Language ).

.
SELECT ( SQL ,
SQL , ).
Ora le 10g . 97
97
DDL-
SQL, , ( ), .
: CREATE, ALTER, DROP, RENAME TRUNCATE. ; ; (,
); ; .
DML-
, ,
. DML- INSERT,
UPDATE DELETE .
TC-
, .
COMMIT , . ROLLBACK
, . SAVEPOINT, , ,
.
DCL-
, , Ora le,
.
GRANT, REVOKE. , ,

.
SQL
SQL , . (, CREATE) , , . SQL,
SQL*Plus, .
SQL <Enter>. -
Ora le 10g . 98
98
2. SQL SQL*Plus
. 2.1.
SQL, SQL*Plus for Windows
,
.
. , ,
SQL*Plus, .
SQL , SQL
, SQL. . 2.1 SQL SELECT,
SQL*Plus.
, SQL, ( SQL*Plus ; ).
(<>, <Tab>
<Enter>). SQL . SQL (, SQL) .
SQL ( , , ) (
). , Inventory.Pri e. ()
(, ).
Ora le 10g . 99
99
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107
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Ora le 10g . 115
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116
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118
2. SQL SQL*Plus
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120
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122
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Ora le 10g . 123
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123
. 2.12.
Agents
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124
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126
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Ora le 10g . 127
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127
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128
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Ora le 10g . 129
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129
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130
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Ora le 10g . 132
132
2. SQL SQL*Plus
. 2.17.
, .
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Agents.
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Ora le 10g . 134
134
2. SQL SQL*Plus
. 2.18.
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Ora le 10g . 136
136
2. SQL SQL*Plus
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Ora le 10g . 137
SQL*Plus
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PAGESIZE
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148
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150
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2. ,
SQL*Plus.
DESCRIBE NewListings
,
. 3.29.
SQL*Plus.
Ora le 10g . 214
214
3. , ,
. 3.29.

, ,
: ,
, ..
. , .
, .
, . , () ,
. ,
.
; Ora le : , , ,
. - , ALTER TABLE.
,
, . , : ,
; ;
,
, .
Ora le, :
Web-. SQL*Plus, -
Ora le 10g . 215
215
<Enter>, . Web iSQL*Plus ,

SQL SQL*Plus .
Ora le ,
, , , . DROP TABLE,
( ) , .
FLASHBACK. Ora le PURGE RECYCLEBIN.

NOT NULL
Ora le

-
Ora le 10g . 216
216
3. , ,
?
1. .
2. , VARCHAR2(30), 30
. , Ora le 30
.
3. , , .
4. .
5. , NUMBER(7,2), 99,9999.

1. , ,
_____, .
2. ____ ____ ( ) .
3. _____ , .
4.
Ora le _____.
5. , ,
_____.

1. ,
.
?
Ora le 10g . 217
217
MODIFY USER <_> as identified by <>

) CONNECT <_>/<>
) CREATE USER <_>/<>
) CREATE USER <_> IDENTIFIED BY <>
)
) .
2. Quantity, ,
96 785?
) Quantity NUMBER(38)
Quantity NUMBER(7,2)
3. ,
.
) PRIMARY KEY
FOREIGN KEY
) CHECK
) UNIQUE
) ) ).
4.
_____.
) .
user_tables Ora le -
) .
) .
) .
) .
5. Ora le . , ,
, .
) CASCADE CONSTRAINTS
DUMP
) PURGE
) FLASHBACK
) NO RECYCLE
)
Ora le 10g . 218
218
3. , ,
1. Readwood Realty
(Robert Stirling), Redwood Realty, , .
CustAgentList Agents, Customers, Conta tReason Listings. ,
. CustAgentList : CustomerID,
AgentID, ListingID, Conta tDate, Conta tReason, BidPri e CommissionRate. ,
. ,
. Conta tReason. BidPri e . ,
90 000 800 000. CommissionRate
( ) 2 6 .
1. SQL*Plus Ora le. SQL*Plus
, (
).
2. , <Enter> . , ; ,
. <> , <> .
REM Drop the NewListings

DROP TABLE NewListings CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;
COLUMN FORMAT A10
SPOOL C:\<>\<>Ch3Redwood.txt
SHOW USER
SPOOL OFF
REM Permanently eliminate the NewListings
PURGE RECYCLEBIN;
DROP TABLE CustAgentList CASCADE
CONSTRAINTS PURGE;
CREATE TABLE CustAgentList
(CustomerID INTEGER NOT NULL,
AgentID INTEGER NOT NULL,
ListingID INTEGER NOT NULL,
Conta tDate DATE NOT NULL,
Conta tReason NVARCHAR2(15),
BidPri e NUMERIC(9) CONSTRAINT
_ uaglistBidPri e
CHECK ((BidPri e >= 90000) AND (BidPri e <= 800000)),
CommissionRate NUMERIC(4,4) CONSTRAINT
_ uaglistCommRate
CHECK (CommissionRate Between 0.02
Ora le 10g . 219
219
AND 0.06),
CONSTRAINT pk_CustAgentList
PRIMARY KEY (CustomerID, AgentID,
ListingID, Conta tDate));
3. , <Enter> . ALTER TABLE .
ALTER TABLE CustAgentList

ADD CONSTRAINT fk_CustAgentList_Cust
FOREIGN KEY (CustomerID)
REFERENCES Customers (CustomerID) ON
DELETE CASCADE;
ADD CONSTRAINT fk_CustAgentList_Agent
FOREIGN KEY (AgentID)
REFERENCES Agents (AgentID) ON DELETE
CASCADE;
ADD CONSTRAINT fk_CustAgentList_Listing
FOREIGN KEY (ListingID)
REFERENCES Listings (ListingID) ON DELETE
CASCADE;
ADD CONSTRAINT fk_CustAgentList_Conta t
FOREIGN KEY (Conta tReason)
REFERENCES Conta tReason (Conta tReason)
ON DELETE CASCADE;
4. , . ,
, 4 . 2.

SPOOL C:\<>\<>Ch3Redwood.txt
APPEND
DESCRIBE CustAgentList
SELECT table_name, olumn_name,
onstraint_name
FROM user_ ons_ olumns
WHERE table_name = 'CUSTAGENTLIST';
SPOOL OFF
CLEAR COLUMNS
5.
exit <Enter>, SQL*Plus.
6. , File (), Open (). , <>Ch3Redwood.txt,

<>Ch3Redwood.txt, Open ().
7. <Enter>, .
, .
Ora le 10g . 220
220
3. , ,
8. File () Print (), .

Yes (),
.
2. Coffee Mer hant

Coffee Mer hant ,
.
SQL*Plus. ,
Inventory, ; Countries, . Inventory
,
.
SQL*Plus SQL, . , SQL*Plus. SQL*Plus. . 9 . ,
Ch03InitializeCoffee.sql, Coffee Mer hant,
.
1. SQL*Plus Ora le.
2. SPOOL<>\<> Ch3Coffee.txt <Enter>.
<> (, C:\Temp), <> .
3. :
COLUMN FORMAT A10

SHOW USER
DROP TABLE States;
PURGE RECYCLEBIN;
4. Countries, <Enter> :
CREATE TABLE Countries

(CountryID INTEGER CONSTRAINT pk_ ountries
PRIMARY KEY,
CountryName NVARCHAR2(40) CONSTRAINT
nn_CountriesCountryName NOT NULL);
Ora le 10g . 221
221
5. Inventory, <Enter> (
):
CREATE TABLE Inventory

(InventoryID INTEGER CONSTRAINT
pk_inventory PRIMARY KEY,
Name NVARCHAR2(40) NOT NULL,
Pri e NUMBER(6,2) CONSTRAINT _InvPri e
CHECK (Pri e >=3 AND PRICE <= 400),
OnHand INTEGER CONSTRAINT _InvOnHand
CHECK (OnHand BETWEEN -1000 AND 25000),
Des ription NVARCHAR2(500),
Item NVARCHAR2(1) CONSTRAINT
_InvItemType
CHECK (ItemType = 'C' OR ItemType = 'T'),
CountryID INTEGER CONSTRAINT
fk_CountriesInventory
REFERENCES Countries(CountryID) ON
DELETE CASCADE);
6. , , , Ora le ( ,
<Enter> ):
DESCRIBE Inventory
DESCRIBE Countries
SELECT table_name, olumn_name,
onstraint_name
FROM user_ ons_ olumns WHERE table_name =
'INVENTORY';
SPOOL OFF
CLEAR COLUMNS
7.
exit, SQL*Plus Ora le.
8. , File () Open (). , <>Ch3Coffee.txt,

<> Ch3Coffee.txt, Open ().
9. File () Print (), .
.
3. Rowing Ventures
Rowing Ventures , , , ; , , . -
Ora le 10g . 222
222
3. , ,
Rowing Ventures,
Ch03InitializeRowing.sql. -
, .
<>Ch3Rowing.sql. BoatCrew Person.
BoatCrew : BoatID, PersonID Position.
BoatID PersonID
BoatCrew. .
Position 0 8, 0 ,
1 8 , . PersonID , PersonID Person.
, Position, . PersonID
, Person,
ALTER TABLE BoatCrew.
Person : PersonID, LastName, FirstName,
Gender, Weight DateOfBirth. PersonID, , . LastName, FirstName Gender
Uni ode, 50.
LastName FirstName ,
. Gender M F ( ), (,
) F. (. .) Weight (
) 85 250. BoatCrew Position
0 indi ates the oxswain ( Position = 0
). , .
: (SHOW USER); ; BoatCrew (. , WHERE
table_name = 'BOATCREW'.); . (.
, ,
user_ onstraints,
WHERE table_name IN ('BOATCREW', 'PERSON').).
, .

Broad loth Clothing , , Customer, .
iSQL*Plus, ,
Ch03InitializeBroad loth.sql. ( Broad loth
Clothing, .)
Ora le 10g . 223
3.11.
Customer

CustomerID
Integer
CompanyName
City
Nation
Conta tID
BaseCurren y
String
String
String
Integer
String
223
; 0
; 50 NOT NULL
; 50 NOT NULL
; 50 ()
()
; 50 ()
, table or view does not exist (

), . Customer
, . 3.11. .
, Web- iSQL*Plus Table reated.
BaseCurren y Curren y appropriate for home
ountry ( ). Customers. . user_ onstraints WHERE table_name ='CUSTOMER',
Customer. Web-.
Customer (. ). DESCRIBE Customer Web-.
Ora le 10g . 224
Ora le 10g . 225

. . .

,

SQL
,

, -

3 , DDL- Ora le , . CREATE TABLE, Ora le
. ,
DDL-: COMMIT . , DML (Data Manipulation
Language ), ,
. DML-, -
Ora le 10g . 226
226
4.
(Transa tion Control TC) COMMIT,

. SELECT, 5 6.
, , (: ?). DML,
, , (a tion queries), ,
.
,
.
, , , .
, (trigger), ,
Ora le INSERT, UPDATE
DELETE .
, , . ,
, SQL
SQL*Plus. SQL*Plus, START, .
Windows, . ,
START .
Redwood Realty,
4, .
1. SQL*Plus, , ,
2. Ch04InitializeRedwood.sql Windows
. (
.)
3. <Enter>,
( <> ).
C:\<>Ch04InitializeRedwood.sql
START C:\<>
Ch04InitializeRedwood, .sql
START .
4. , Redwood Realty,
, :
Ora le 10g . 227
Agents table
AgentID
FirstName
LastName
HireDate
BirthDate
Gender
WorkPhone
CellPhone
HomePhone
Title
TaxID
LicenseID
LicenseDate
LicenseExpire
LicenseStatusID
227
LicenseStatus table
( )
LicenseStatusID
StatusText
( )
( )
DESCRIBE Li enseStatus
DESCRIBE Agents
, , Redwood
Realty Li enseStatus Agents.
,
. Agents
Redwood Realty, , , ,
, . Agents, Li enseStatusID, ,
Li enseStatus. Li enseStatusID, Li enseStatus
, . . . 4.1
, / . . 4.1
, Agents. ( ,
Li enseStatus, Li enseStatusID.) CREATE TABLE, .
DDL SQL*Plus, Ch04InitializeRedwood.sql
.
, ,
SQL- INSERT, UPDATE DELETE. , , Ora le,
, Ora le .
Ora le 10g . 228
228
4.
4.1.
Agents
()
AgentID
INTEGER
Gender
Title
Li enseStatusID
NVARCHAR2(10) :
M, m, F f
NVARCHAR2(20) :
INTEGER

salesperson ()
broker ()
(

)
;
,

Li enseStatus
(Li enseStatusID)
INSERT,
:
, ;
, ;
, .
INSERT :
INSERT INTO <table-name> [( olumn, olumn,...)
VALUES (expression, expression, ...);
<table-name> ,
. , . - ,
, . , NOT NULL
( ). - , INSERT
.
Ora le 10g . 229
229
,
INSERT . , ,
,
CREATE TABLE. ,
NULL. , Li enseStatus , :
INSERT INTO Li enseStatus VALUES (1001, 'Li ensed');

INSERT INTO Li enseStatus VALUES (1004, 'De eased');
INSERT INTO Li enseStatus VALUES (1003, NULL);
, Ora le Li enseStatusID, ()
StatusText. ,
1003: Ora le NULL, ,
StatusText, Li enseStatusID = 1003, . StatusText NVARCHAR2
( ), . ,
, , . , ,
, . ,
'Realtor''s li ense suspended'. ,
.
,
INSERT INTO:
INSERT INTO <table-name> ( olumn, olumn,...)

VALUES (expression, expression,...);
INSERT ,
, ()
VALUES. INSERT
, CREATE TABLE.
VALUES INSERT
INTO. , , Agents.
, ,
( AgentID).
INSERT INTO AGENTS(AgentID, LastName, FirstName)

VALUES (12345, 'Fro kmeister', 'Robert');
INSERT INTO AGENTS(LastName, TaxID, Li enseStatusID, AgentID)
VALUES ('Kellog', '1234-rtu', NULL, 40335);
INSERT INTO AGENTS(AgentID, Gender, LastName, BirthDate)
VALUES(21334, 'f', 'Pennypa ker', To_Date('04-JUN-1979');
,
. -
Ora le 10g . 230
230
4.
.
.

, , ,
, , .
Agents,
.
1. SQL*Plus Ora le, SQL*Plus Ora le.
2. , SQL,
.
Ch4<>Insert41.sql, :
INSERT INTO Agents (AgentID, FirstName, LastName)

VALUES (10235, 'Tobias', 'Carling');
3. SQL*Plus <Enter>, . Ora le (. 4.2).
4.
SQL*Plus, :
INSERT,
INSERT INTO Agents (LastName, AgentID, Gender, Title, FirstName)

VALUES ('O''Malley', 14556, 'M', 'Salesperson', 'Sean');
. O O'Malley .
, , , , Ora le
.
, , ,
. , Agent
1006 Li enseStatusID, Li enseStatus , 1006.
. -, ,
, . -, NULL
Ora le 10g . 231
. 4.2.
231
Agents
. , ,
. , :
, ,
, .
Agent , ,
Li enseStatus.
,
, .
1. , .
File () New (), .
Ch4<>IntegrityTest42.sql ( <> .)
2. SQL ,
SQL*Plus, :
INSERT INTO Agents (AgentID, LastName, Li enseStatusID, Gender)

VALUES (14883, 'Fernandez', 1001, 'F');
Ora le , 1001
Li enseStatus . , Fernandez, , Ora le .
3. NULL, 1001
VALUES. INSERT
SQL*Plus . Ora le
(. 4.3).
Ora le 10g . 232
232
4.
. 4.3.
INSERT , , , NULL. - Ora le

,
Li enseStatus. ,
.
Li enseStatus.
NULL Li enseStatusID,
Li enseStatusID, Li enseStatus.

INSERT INTO : (1)

; (2) ,
CREATE TABLE. , , .
,
. Li enseStatusID Agents
Li enseStatus,
Li enseStatus .
, , ,
.
1. , SQL*Plus, .
,
SQL*Plus. .
Ora le 10g . 233
233
INSERT INTO Li enseStatus VALUES (1001, 'Li ensed');

INSERT INTO Li enseStatus VALUES (1002, 'Li ensed NBA');
INSERT INTO Li enseStatus VALUES (1003, 'Can eled Offi er');
2. Ora le , .
3. Ch04InsertLS.sql, , SQL*Plus INSERT. ( START.) Ora le 13
Li enseStatus.
4. SQL*Plus
SQL*Plus.
Exit <Enter>, Ora le
5. Web-, iSQL*Plus. iSQL*Plus, . ( ,

SQL*Plus. , iSQL*Plus ,
, ;
, iSQL*Plus .)
6. SELECT * FROM Li enseStatus Workspa e Exe ute, Li enseStatus
(. 4.4).
7. Logout .
Agents.
INSERT INTO,
, .
Agents, .
1. SQL*Plus, , .
2. Ch04InsertAgents.sql,
, START, Agents. .
, . 4.5.
. START .sql
. Ora le , .sql .
START C:\Ch04InsertAgents
3. Ora le 1 row reated, ,
. ,
.
Ora le 10g . 234
234
4.
. 4.4.
Li enseStatus
4. Agents,
SQL*Plus SQL:
CLEAR SCREEN
SET PAGESIZE 35
COLUMN FirstName FORMAT A10
COLUMN LastName FORMAT A10
COLUMN Gender FORMAT A6
SELECT AgentID, FirstName, LastName, Gender
FROM Agents
ORDER BY LastName;
, . 4.5.

,
. , , /
. ,
INSERT, Ora le . SQL, ,
, .
Ora le 10g . 235
. 4.5.
235
Agents
Ora le (
)
DD-MON-YY DD-MONYYYY. ,
AgentID BirthDate, INSERT (
):
INSERT INTO Agents (AgentID, BirthDate) VALUES (99887,'12-OCT-1970')

INSERT INTO Agents (AgentID, BirthDate) VALUES (55678,'08-JUN-82')
,
.
0 49, , XXI . , 50, , XX . , '20-OCT-35'
20 2035 , '04-JUL-51' 4 1951 . ,
.

, .
- , , .
. -
Ora le 10g . 236
236
4.
4.2. ,

MONTH
Month
MM
DD
DDD
DAY
Day
DY
YYYY
YY
FEBRUARY
February
02
15
251
WEDNESDAY
Wednesday
WED
2006
06
,
. DATE,
,
Ora le TO_DATE,
, Ora le. TO_DATE :
TO_DATE('date string', 'date format model')
date string ,
, date format model . , INSERT HireDate AgentID
, , .
INSERT INTO Agents (HireDate, AgentID)

VALUES (TO_DATE('July 14, 2005', 'Month DD, YYYY'), 77777);
INSERT INTO Agents (AgentID, HireDate)
VALUES (88888, TO_DATE('10/17/1946', 'DD/MM/YYYY');
/
Ora le, . date format model (/),
(-) (:), , date string. . 4.2
.

Agents, .
Agents, .
Ora le 10g . 237
237
. 4.6.
1. , SQL*Plus ,
. .
2. SQL,
SQL*Plus, ( , ,
SQL*Plus ):
INSERT INTO Agents(AgentID, HireDate, BirthDate)

VALUES(23456,TO_DATE('January 12, 2004', 'Month DD, YYYY'),
'10-JUN-1981');
INSERT INTO Agents(HireDate, AgentID)
VALUES(TO_DATE('2004/02/03', 'YYYY/MM/DD'),56789);
3. , <Enter>,
SQL. Ora le 1 row reated.
4. ,
( SELECT 5):
SELECT
SELECT AgentID, BirthDate, HireDate

FROM Agents WHERE AgentID > 16000;
SQL . 4.6.
. SQL*Plus,
.
,
HH, MI, SS, AM PM, , , (AM PM
). , (, ),
INSERT:
INSERT INTO BoatRa e(Ra eID, BeginTime)

VALUES(1237, TO_DATE('08:20:25 AM', 'HH:MI:SS AM');
Ora le 10g . 238
238
4.
, Rowing
Ventures,
, , .

INSERT SELECT,
.
, ,
.
. ,
. ,
NevadaRealtors Agents. ,
NevadaRealtors AgentID
Agents, ,
INSERT SELECT
NevadaRealtors, .
INSERT INTO Agents(AgentID, FirstName, LastName, BirthDate,

Li enseID)
SELECT RealtorID, Fname, Lname, DOB, Li Numb
FROM NevadaRealtors
WHERE LOWER(HomeCity) = 'winnemu a';
Ora le NevadaRealtors
, HomeCity ( ) winnemu a.
(Agents)
. NevadaRealtors 14 , Ora le
Agents.
WHERE.
INSERT, , , .
Agents ,
.
1. Ch04NevadaRealtors.sql, , (
):
START C:\Ch04NevadaRealtors
2. SQL*Plus . , , SQL*Plus.
<Enter>, .
Ora le 10g . 239
239
. 4.7.
INSERT INTO Agents(AgentID, FirstName, LastName, BirthDate,

Li enseID)
SELECT RealtorID, Fname, Lname, DOB, Li Numb
FROM NevadaRealtors
WHERE LOWER(HomeCity) = 'winnemu a';
, Ora le 5
ated.
rows re-
3. , SQL- SELECT:

FROM Agents WHERE AgentID > 515432;
. 2 3 . 4.7.
4. , NevadaRealtors, SQL:
DROP TABLE NevadaRealtors CASCADE CONSTRAINTS PURGE;

Ora le , Table dropped.
SQL*Plus.
Ora le 10g . 240
240
4.
(sequen e) ,
,
, . , , , , , . ,
, ,
. , , ,
(, ). ,
, .
, INSERT .
, . , , 1027 ,
.

, SQL CREATE SEQUENCE,

, . CREATE SEQUENCE :
CREATE SEQUENCE <sequen e name>

[START WITH <value>
[INCREMENT BY <value>
[{MAXVALUE <value> | NOMAXVALUE}
[{MINVALUE <value> | NOMINVALUE}
[{CYCLE | NOCYCLE}
[{ORDER | NOORDER}
[{CACHE <value> | NOCACHE};
,
, .
,
.
, _seq.
START WITH .
, Ora le . INCREMENT BY ,
Ora le 10g . 241
241
, Ora le .
( -)
( -) , . MINVALUE MAXVALUE .
MINVALUE , MAXVALUE INCREMENT BY. CYCLE/NOCYCLE ,
Ora le . CYCLE ,
, NOCYCLE ( ) Ora le .
ORDER , : ,
.. NOORDER. CACHE/NOCACHE
, Ora le
, ,
. NOCACHE ( ) ,
. , ,
, , ,
, , (
)
,
()
Agents. INSERT, , .
654321, , ,
.
, .
1. SQL*Plus, , . . SQL*Plus <Enter>,
SQL*Plus. , .
2. SQL*Plus
CLEAR SCREEN <Enter>.
3. SQL*Plus :
CREATE SEQUENCE AgentID_seq
Ora le 10g . 242
242
4.
START WITH 654321

INCREMENT BY 2 NOCACHE NOCYCLE;
4. <Enter>, . Ora le
Sequen e reated.
Ora le , ,

USER_SEQUENCES.
,
, .
1. ,
USER_SEQUENCES:
DESCRIBE user_sequen es
2. :
SELECT sequen e_name, min_value, max_value, last_number

FROM user_sequen es;
3. , . 4.8.
, MAXVALUE AGENTID_SEQ ( Ora le ) 1027 !
AgentID_seq,
, - . , Agents.
: NEXTVAL CURRVAL. Ora le , , . NEXTVAL (
) ,
. , CURRVAL ( ). , ,
, , , . () ,
INSERT.
Ora le 10g . 243
243
. 4.8.
<sequen ename>.NEXTVAL
, SQL:
<sequen ename>.CURRVAL
Agents , .
.
, AgentID_seq, .
INSERT:
INSERT INTO Agents (AgentID,FirstName,LastName)
VALUES (AgentID_seq.NEXTVAL,'Angeli a','Fran is');
VALUES (AgentID_seq.NEXTVAL,'Hershel','Wi kstrom');
VALUES (AgentID_seq.NEXTVAL,'Bryan','Wilson');
1.
Ora le 10g . 244
244
4.
. 4.9. (
CURRVAL)
2. , . .
?

FROM Agents
WHERE AgentID > 123456
ORDER BY AgentID;
3. ,
CURRVAL AgentID_seq:
SELECT AgentID_seq.CURRVAL
FROM DUAL;
DUAL Ora le ,
. , (, ), - .
DUAL 5.
SELECT 2 3 . 4.9.
, , AgentID AgentID_seq, 654321, 654323 654325 . .
Ora le 10g . 245
245
ALTER
SEQUENCE. , . ALTER SEQUENCE : START WITH ,
. ,
, MAXVALUE ,
. ALTER
SEQUENCE :
ALTER SEQUENCE <sequen ename>

[INCREMENT BY <value>
[{MAXVALUE <value> | NOMAXVALUE}
[{MINVALUE <value> | NOMINVALUE}
[{CYCLE | NOCYCLE}
[{ORDER | NOORDER}
[{CACHE <value> | NOCACHE};
,
DROP SEQUENCE. :
DROP SEQUENCE <sequen ename>;

AgentID_seq.
, , .
1. SQL:
DROP SEQUENCE AgentID_seq;

Ora le Sequen e dropped.
2. SQL*Plus .

, ,
Redwood Realty, , . Redwood Realty
, .. Li enseExpire.
. ,
, . , -
Ora le 10g . 246
246
4.
4.3. Ora le
=
<> !=
>
<
<=
>=
. SQL UPDATE.
UPDATE
SQL UPDATE. UPDATE,

. UPDATE, (a tion query), :
UPDATE <tablename>
SET < olumnname1> = <expression1>
[, < olumnname2> = <expression2>, ...
[WHERE < ondition>;
<tablename> , , < olumnname> , <expression>
, , .
WHERE
. ,
. < ondition> , ,
. WHERE true false. Ora le,
, ,
. 4.3.
Ora le . 4.4.
.
, (Tobias Carling),
NULL, (. . 4.2) , Title, Li enseDate ..
, UPDATE, FirstName LastName,

Ora le 10g . 247
247
4.4. Ora le
AND
WHERE
True,
true; false
True,
true; false
OR
NOT
IN

True,

LIKE
,
,

True,
()
BETWEEN ...
AND ...
WHERE State = 'MN' AND

Gender ='M'
WHERE Li enseStatusID
= 1001 OR Li enseStatusID = 1002
WHERE NOT State = 'NE'
WHERE City
IN('Ar ata', 'Fortuna',
'Ori k')
WHERE LastName LIKE
'M %'
WHERE SqFt BETWEEN
1500 AND 2000
. , ,
HireDate, BirthDate, Gender Title. ,
, .
UPDATE,
.
1. SQL*Plus ,
, Carling.
,
. , , SQL*Plus .
CLEAR SCREEN
SELECT FirstName, LastName, HireDate, BirthDate, Gender, Title
FROM Agents
WHERE FirstName = 'Tobias' AND LastName = 'Carling';
. , ,
. Ora le
.
Ora le 10g . 248
248
4.
2. , , WHERE UPDATE .
, ,
() . :
UPDATE Agents
SET HireDate = TO_DATE('12/19/2000', 'MM/DD/YYYY'),
BirthDate = TO_DATE('10/19/1975', 'MM/DD/YYYY'),
Gender = 'M',
Title = 'SALESPERSON'
Ora le 1
row updated.
3. , SELECT, Carling. SQL*Plus

, 1, .
SELECT FirstName, LastName, HireDate, BirthDate, Gender, Title

FROM Agents
(. 4.10), Ora le ,
. 2.
4. SQL*Plus .
UPDATE . WHERE,
Ora le . , , UPDATE WHERE.
. , , ROLLBACK. , ROLLBACK, ,
COMMIT .
(Lora Allee), Redwood Realty,
, Title Agents . , , ,
(AgentID) 515602, Title
Salesperson ().
, .
? , - ( ),
. AgentID,
UPDATE WHERE.
Ora le 10g . 249
249
. 4.10.
, ,
.
1. SQL*Plus :
UPDATE Agents
SET Title = 'Salesperson'
WHERE AgentID >= 515602;
Ora le 8
rows updated.
Title
, , Salesperson Broker.
, , .
UPDATE.
Ora le UPPER, Title .
UPDATE WHERE, .
, .
Ora le 10g . 250
250
4.
. 4.11. -
1.
2. .
UPDATE Agents
SET Title = UPPER(Title);
Ora le 40
rows updated.
3. ,
.
SELECT FirstName, LastName, Title

FROM Agents;
,
(. . 4.11).
Title -
Ora le 10g . 251
251
CASE
,
. ,
, ( ) .
:
, .
if-then-else, , ,
, CASE. , Ora le
SQL. CASE
:
CASE
WHEN < ondition1> THEN <result1>
WHEN < ondition2> THEN <result2>
...
[ELSE <default result>
END
Ora le WHEN, .
WHEN, ,
true. Ora le , true,
, THEN,
WHEN/THEN. true, Ora le
, ELSE. , ELSE
WHEN true, CASE
NULL.
, SQL ,
CommissionRate.
Paygrade SET, CASE
CommissionRate. , CommissionRate,
Paygrade.
UPDATE AgentPayGrade
SET CommissionRate
CASE
WHEN Paygrade =
WHEN Paygrade =
WHEN Paygrade =
ELSE 0.09
END
WHERE PositionType =
=
1 THEN 0.06
2 THEN 0.075
3 THEN 0.08
'SALESPERSON';
Paygrade - 1, CommissionRate 0.06; Paygrade 2, CommissionRate 0.075, ..
Ora le 10g . 252
252
4.
CASE
CASE UPDATE,
,
, . , , -
Redwood Realty ,
. , , 1
2002 , ( Li enseDate). ,
1 2000 . 31 2001 ., 4
( Li enseDate).
, . ,
UPDATE CASE,
. ,
Ora le ADD_MONTHS, :
ADD_MONTHS(<date olumn>,<months>)
<date olumn> , ,
, <months>, , , .
, 60
(5 12 ).
, , CASE,
.
1. , SQL*Plus, ,
, Ch04ListAgents.sql.
SQL*Plus START C:\Ch04ListAgents <Enter>,
. C:\.
Agents,
Li enseDate (. 4.12).
2. , SQL, SQL*Plus
:
UPDATE Agents
SET Li enseExpire = CASE
WHEN Li enseDate >='01-JAN-02'
THEN ADD_MONTHS(Li enseDate,60)
WHEN Li enseDate >='01-JAN-00'
THEN ADD_MONTHS(Li enseDate,48)
ELSE Li enseExpire
END;
3. Ora le , /, 40 rows
updated, .
Ora le 10g . 253
. 4.12.
253
Agents
4. ,
. <Enter> .
START C:\Ch04ListAgents
5. , . 4.12, Li enseExpire (. 4.13). ,
,
. 4.12 4.13. , Li enseExpire David Gagnon 14-MAR-04, ..
Li enseDate.
6. Exit, <Enter>, Ora le,
SQL*Plus.
Ora le 10g . 254
254
4.
. 4.13.
Agents
, UPDATE
. Ora le
. , SQL,
SQL . , SQL,
,
.
(substitution variables)
, SQL .
SQL, , Ora le . UPDATE , .
, AnnualBonus Agents, ,
Ora le 10g . 255
255
4.5. ,
()
()
12
13 24
25 48
0
500
700
49 72
73
1 000
1 500
.
Redwood Realty. , AnnualBonus,
UPDATE. , , UPDATE
. ,
. UPDATE,
AnnualBonus, .
UPDATE Agents
SET AnnualBonus = &BonusAmount
WHERE HireDate > &MinHireDate;
,
(&BonusAmount &MinHireDate), SQL*Plus SQL*Plus.
&BonusAmount <Enter>. SQL*Plus &MinHireDate, <Enter>.
SQL*Plus SQL SQLPlus, Ora le.
Agents, (/) <Enter>. SQL*Plus
, Ora le . .
(Robert Stirling) ,
Agents, AnnualBonus, , Redwood.
. 4.5.
, Redwood Realty, Ora le: SYSDATE MONTHS_BETWEEN. SYSDATE ( ), MONTHS_BETWEEN
. :
MONTHS_BETWEEN(<date1>, <date2>)
, , ( ).
Ora le 10g . 256
256
4.
, ,
.
. ,
Redwood Realty, MONTHS_BETWEEN :
MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE, HireDate)
, . , .
, .
1. SQL*Plus, Ora le, CLEAR SCREEN
<Enter>.
2. ,
Ch04<>SubVars.sql, . ( <>
.)
3. :
ALTER TABLE Agents

ADD(AnnualBonus NUMBER(5) DEFAULT 0);
. Ora le Table altered.
5. UPDATE Alter Table.
, UPDATE ( ) SQL*Plus
<Enter>, . .
UPDATE Agents
SET AnnualBonus = &BonusAmount
WHERE MONTHS_BETWEEN('01-JAN-2006', HireDate)
BETWEEN &LowMonths AND &HighMonths;
SQL*Plus
BonusAmount.
6. 500 <Enter>. Ora le .

7. 13, <Enter>, 24 <Enter>.
Ora le 3 rows updated (. 4.14).
, SQL*Plus 500, 13 24 Ora le.
, UPDATE:
Ora le 10g . 257
257
. 4.14. SQL,
UPDATE Agents
SET AnnualBonus = 500
WHERE MONTHS_BETWEEN('01-JAN-2006', HireDate)
BETWEEN 13 24;
SQL*Plus SQL*Plus, ,
. ,
, SQL*Plus SET VERIFY OFF.
SQL - , (/)
<Enter>.
, , SQL, , .
1. SQL*Plus
SET VERIFY OFF <Enter>.
2. / <Enter>, SQL,
.
3. 700, <Enter>,
48 <Enter>.
25, <Enter>,
4. / <Enter>; 1000, <Enter>,

49, <Enter>, 72 <Enter>.
5. / <Enter>; 1500, <Enter>,
73, <Enter>, 678 <Enter>
(. 4.15). ( 678 , .)
Ora le 10g . 258
258
4.
. 4.15.
6. SET VERIFY ON, , .

7.
:
Agents, SQL*Plus -
CLEAR SCREEN
SELECT LastName, HireDate, AnnualBonus
FROM Agents
WHERE HireDate IS NOT NULL
ORDER BY HireDate;
8. , AnnualBonus .
HireDate (. 4.16).
SQL*Plus.
, (AnnualBonus)
(Robinson) . , 13 , ,
1 2006 . , .
SQL*Plus ACCEPT, PROMPT, -
Ora le 10g . 259
259
. 4.16.
, . ACCEPT
, , , .
ACCEPT PL/SQL, 7,
.

, , DELETE ( DELETE).
( DROP TABLE). , DELETE SQL ,
. :
DELETE [FROM [s hema.{<tablename> | <view>}

[WHERE < ondition>;
Ora le 10g . 260
260
4.
, DELETE ,
. FROM , . s hema
. ( 6.)
WHERE , .. , , < ondition>. :
DELETE , . ,
WHERE, Ora le
. , , , , - Redwood
Realty! , SQL ROLLBACK, , .
, , ( ), Ora le ,
. (referential integrity) ,
. ,
ON DELETE CASCADE. ,
.
Li enseStatus Agents. Agents Li enseStatusID,
Li enseStatus.
Li enseStatus,
1001, Ora le
Agents, 1001.
, ON DELETE CASCADE,
.

, Agents. .
, .
1. SQL*Plus Ora le ( ),
<Enter>.
2.
DELETE:
DELETE FROM Agents

WHERE FirstName IS NULL AND LastName IS NULL;
CLEAR SCREEN
Ora le 10g . 261
261
Ora le - 2 rows deleted. (FirstName LastName

null). .
3. :
DELETE FROM Agents

, Ora le , .
4. :
DELETE FROM Agents

WHERE Title = 'Salesperson';
Ora le 0 rows deleted.
, DELETE ,
. , , .
, Title .
.
, Redwood Realty , .. , 2006 .
DELETE, , .
, HireDate,
.
1. :
DELETE FROM Agents

WHERE HireDate >= TO_DATE('2006/01/01', 'YYYY/MM/DD');
Ora le .
2. , HireDate (
:
NULL).
DELETE FROM Agents

WHERE HireDate IS NULL;
Ora le (. 4.17), ..
, HireDate NULL.
3. SQL*Plus .
Ora le 10g . 262
262
4.
. 4.17.
, , .
WHERE DELETE,
. , Agents,
.
DELETE FROM Agents;

, , , Ora le
, . , ,
TC1 - COMMIT,
.
, ,
. , ,
, . , ,
, ,
.
DELETE TRUNCATE TABLE. Ora le , ,
. SQL Server (trun ate) , , .
TRUNCATE TABLE :
1
Transa tion Control .
Ora le 10g . 263
. 4.18.
263
Agents
TRUNCATE TABLE <tablename>;

, ( ON DELETE CASCADE), .
, ALTER TABLE. ,
Agents,
ALTER TABLE Agents

DISABLE CONSTRAINT fk_AgentsLi enseStatusID;
Agents, TRUN-
CATE TABLE.
,
, .
1. SQL*Plus
ALTER TABLE Agents

DISABLE CONSTRAINT fk_AgentsLi enseStatusID;
2. ,
TRUNCATE TABLE Agents;

Ora le Table
trun ated (. 4.18).

SQL MERGE , INSERT, UPDATE DELETE.
MERGE :
MERGE INTO <target-tablename>

USING <sour e-tablename or query>
ON (< ondition>)
[WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE <set- lause>
[DELETE < ondition>
[WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT <insert- lause>;
Ora le 10g . 264
264
4.
, MERGE,
. , , .
, , . , , ,
, , DML2 - INSERT, UPDATE DELETE. , MERGE,
, DML-. MERGE UPDATE INSERT,
upsert (UPdate + inSERT). , .
MERGE INTO , Ora le .
USING ON ( )
( ),
. WHEN MATCHED ,
USING ON, .. .
WHEN NOT MATCHED , Ora le,
.
, , .
Li enseStatus , . 4.19 ( Li enseStatus). UpdateLi enseStatus ( UpdateLi enseStatus
. 4.19) , Li enseStatus, ( Li enseStatusID Li enseStatus),
, Li enseStatus (. Li enseStatus MERGE . 4.19).
MERGE, Li enseStatus UpdateLi enseStatus.
MERGE INTO Li enseStatus LS

USING UpdateLi enseStatus ULS
ON (LS.Li enseStatusID = ULS.Li enseStatusID)
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET LS.StatusText = ULS.StatusText
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (LS.Li enseStatusID, LS.StatusText)
VALUES (ULS.Li enseStatusID, ULS.StatusText);
LS ULS . (alias) .
Data Manipulation Language .
Ora le 10g . 265
UpdateLicenseStatus
1004 Passed Away
1005 Expired--Fee Not Paid
1101 License Probationary
1105 License Pending
MERGE
LicenseStatus
1001 Licensed
1002 Licensed NBA
1003 Canceled Officer
1004 Deceased
1005 Expired
1006 Government Service
1007 Military Service
1008 Conditional Suspension
1009 Restricted
1010 Revoked
1011 Flag Suspended
1012 Voided
1013 Withheld Denied
1014 17520 FC Suspended
1015 11350.6 W and I Suspended
1016 Surrendered
265
UpdateLicenseStatus MERGE
1001 Licensed
1002 Licensed NBA
1003 Canceled Officer
1004 Passed Away

1005 Expired--Fee Not Paid

1006 Government Service
1007 Military Service
1008 Conditional Suspension
1009 Restricted
1010 Revoked
1011 Flag Suspended
1012 Voided
1013 Withheld Denied
1014 17520 FC Suspended
1015 11350.6 W and I Suspended
1016 Surrendered
1101 License Probationary
1105 License Pending

. 4.19.
MERGE

. LS , Li enseStatus, , ULS
UpdateLi enseStatus, .
MERGE Ora le ,
. WHEN
NOT Ora le ,
. , WHEN MATCHED DELETE.
(Stirling Leonard) , Li enseStatus.
1004 1005 Passed Away Expired Fee Not Paid Li enseText. ,
UpdateLi enseStatus
(. . 4.19). , 1101 1105, Li enseStatus, Ora le Li enseStatus.
UpdateLi enseStatus,
MERGE, .
Ora le 10g . 266
266
4.
1. SQL*Plus ( CLEAR SCREEN <Enter>). ,

, , Li enseStatus. , ,
SQL*Plus.
CREATE TABLE UpdateLi enseStatus

(Li enseStatusID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
StatusText NVARCHAR2(25));
Ora le , : Table
reated.
2. UpdateLi enseStatus INSERT ( <Enter>):
INSERT INTO UpdateLi enseStatus

'Expired--Fee Not Paid');
'Li ense Probationary');

ated.
VALUES (1004, 'Passed Away');

VALUES (1005,
VALUES (1101,
VALUES (1105, 'Li ense Pending');
INSERT Ora le 1 row re-
, ,
UpdateLi enseStatus, MERGE.
MERGE,
, .
1. ,
SQL*Plus ( , ):
MERGE INTO Li enseStatus LS

USING UpdateLi enseStatus ULS
ON (LS.Li enseStatusID = ULS.Li enseStatusID)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET LS.StatusText = ULS.StatusText
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (LS.Li enseStatusID, LS.StatusText)
VALUES (ULS.Li enseStatusID, ULS.StatusText);
Ora le - 4
rows merged (. 4.20).

2. Li enseStatus,
SELECT *
FROM Li enseStatus
ORDER BY Li enseStatusID;
Ora le 10g . 267
. 4.20.
267
MERGE
3. , . 4.19. , 1101 1105.

1004 1005 .
UpdateLi enseStatus,
DROP TABLE UpdateLi enseStatus;
4.
5. Ora le SQL*Plus,
Exit <Enter>.

,
(Data Manipulation Language DML), , .
SQL,
, . , , -, .
, ( )
, .
Ora le 10g . 268
268
4.
( ) . (
) , . , - .
UPDATE,
, ,
. INSERT, DELETE UPDATE.
COMMIT, ROLLBACK SAVEPOINT.
DML- (, INSERT
DELETE), . , Ora le , (
Ora le) , . ,
,
. , , ,
. - . , Ora le SQL*Plus
iSQL*Plus, , .
.
COMMIT .
Ora le .
COMMIT , . (Data Denition Language
DDL), CREATE TABLE, CREATE SEQUENCE DROP TABLE,
(Data Control Language DCL), GRANT, Ora le COMMIT. , ,
-
COMMIT. , Ora le COMMIT,
. ,
COMMIT 25 12
, Ora le.
DML ( ommit) , .
, .
COMMIT :
COMMIT;
Ora le 10g . 269
269
E
S
IN
O
P
B
A
T
..
T
..
..
T
E
T
A
..
T
..
..
T
;
IT
M
M
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S
E
T
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E
S
IN
IN
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;
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M
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IN
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L
.
..
. 4.21.
COMMIT . . 4.21
, DML
.
(rollba k) .
,
, .
SQL ROLLBACK,
DML, , . ROLLBACK
, , .
, .
, ROLLBACK DML-,
DDL-. DDL- (CREATE TABLE ..)
DROP.
ROLLBACK :
ROLLBACK [WORK [TO [SAVEPOINT <savepoint-name>;

<savepoint-name> , ( , ). ,
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT Alpha23, Alpha23 ,
. :
, , -
;
,
Alpha23 , ;
, ,
Ora le 10g . 270
270
4.
ROLLBACK COMMIT SQL,

. , .
Ora le DML.
,
DML.
.
DML, . Ora le -
ROLLBACK , .
COMMIT ROLLBACK.

Ora le.
GRANT.
DDL-, CREATE TABLE.
DCL-,
,
.
, ,
, .
DML-. SAVEPOINT, , :
SAVEPOINT <savepointname>;
ROLLBACK, ,
DML-
. . 4.22 , DML-,
SAVEPOINT ROLLBACK.
. 4.22 .
, SaveFirst,
(Carling).
(Voss) , SaveSe ond.
(Title) Salesperson ().
ROLLBACK , , .. (Broker). SELECT
, ,
, UPDATE, . ,
Ora le 10g . 271
271
. 4.22.
COMMIT () , INSERT.

, Ora le
Agents, TRUNCATE TABLE Agents.
ROLLBACK COMMIT, (Transa tions Control
Language TCL). ,
, SQL*Plus, . Ora le
, ,
SQL*Plus .
, DML-,
, .
1. SQL*Plus, Ora le SQL*Plus, ( <Enter>
):
CLEAR SCREEN
COLUMN AgentID FORMAT 999999
Ora le 10g . 272
272
4.

2. :
INSERT INTO Agents (AgentID, FirstName, LastName, Gender)

VALUES (10429, 'Elizabeth', 'Dahlen', NULL);
SAVEPOINT InsertOne;
VALUES (10497, 'Ramanathan', 'Rowe', 'M');
VALUES (10849, 'Heather', 'Sheibani', NULL);
UPDATE Agents SET Gender = 'M' WHERE LastName = 'Dahlen';
SAVEPOINT InsertTwo;
, Ora le 1 row reated
Savepoint reated INSERT SAVEPOINT
.
Agents,
SELECT AgentID, FirstName, LastName, Gender FROM Agents;
3.
,
NULL (. . 4.23).
Gender Sheibani
4. . . InsertOne, ..
, INSERT
UPDATE.
CLEAR SCREEN
ROLLBACK TO InsertOne;
5. , SQL*Plus
:
COMMIT;
ROLLBACK;
. 4.24. ,
COMMIT Ora le ,
.
6. Agents, Exit <Enter>, Ora le. , , Ora le
COMMIT:
DELETE FROM Agents;

exit
Ora le 10g . 273
. 4.23.
273
Agents

(trigger) , ( 6), .
() , , ,
. , . ,
, DML- INSERT,
UPDATE DELETE.
, . Ora le PL/SQL.
Ora le .
, , Ora le .
,
Ora le 10g . 274
274
4.
. 4.24.
COMMIT
,
. , , Redwood Realty , Li enseDate
, . ,
, , Agents.
. , Ora le , . Ora le INSERT, UPDATE
DELETE, , ,
. , , Ora le, ,
, , ,
. , ,
.
, DML.
, ,
, , ,
, . ,
DML, , .
Ora le 10g . 275
275
, ,
( ). ,
, (row-level trigger), , DML , (statement-level
trigger). , , , .
, .
, CREATE TRIGGER,
:
CREATE [OR REPLACE TRIGGER <trigger-name>

{BEFORE | AFTER | INSTEAD OF} <trigger-event> ON <table_name>
[FOR EACH ROW [WHEN < ondition>
[DECLARE
<de laration statements>
BEGIN
<trigger-body>
END;
CREATE , ,
REPLACE , . REPLACE , . Ora le
. , , , , Ora le
. CREATE TRIGGER.
<trigger name> . BEFORE AFTER ,
. INSTEAD OF , DML,
( 6).
. :
<table-name>_{bi|bu|bd|ai|au|ad}_trg, <table-name> ,
trg trigger ( ), bi before insert ( INSERT), bu before update ( UPDATE), ai after insert (
INSERT) .. , AFTER UPDATE,
Agents, Agents_au_trg. ,
. ,
,
( ).
Ora le 10g . 276
276
4.
. <trigger event> , ; INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE

, OR. <table-name>
, . FOR
EACH ROW , , ,
.. . , , . WHEN < ondition> , .
<trigger-body> PL/SQL, , , .
, . . ,
, (COMMIT, ROLLBACK SAVEPOINT). ,
, . , .

, .
, , ( orrelation name), .
.
:OLD ( OLD)
SQL, . , :NEW
( NEW) , SQL, .
, , BEFORE UPDATE
Agents. UPDATE Agents,
BEFORE UPDATE.
:NEW :OLD .
Li enseExpire, , , :OLD.Li enseExpire, ()
:NEW.Li enseExpire. OLD NEW
INSERT, UPDATE DELETE . 4.6.
BEFORE
(. )
Agent_ID,
Agents. ,
Ora le 10g . 277
277
4.6. ,

SQL
NEW OLD
INSERT
NEW
,
,
UPDATE
OLD
NEW
NULL
OLD
NEW
OLD
NULL
DELETE
,
,
, , INSERT , ..

- . .
BEFORE
, Redwood
Realty Agents, AgentID.
BEFORE INSERT. , ,
.
,
.
1. SQL*Plus, Ora le, :
CLEAR SCREEN
CREATE SEQUENCE AgentID_seq
START WITH 12345
INCREMENT BY 2;
, DROP Ora le , .
, ,
, .. . ,
Ora le Sequen e reated.
Ora le 10g . 278
278
4.
. 4.25.
BEFORE INSERT
2. , <Enter>
. (/).
<Enter>. Ora le
.
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER Agents_bi_trg

BEFORE INSERT ON Agents FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
SELECT AgentID_seq.NEXTVAL INTO :NEW.AgentID FROM DUAL;
END;
/
Ora le , , Trigger
ated (. 4.25).
re-
. Ora le Warning: Trigger reated

with ompilation errors (: ), , SELECT.
, . 2.
. ,

SHOW ERRORS TRIGGER <trigger-name>
<trigger-name> .
3. SQL*Plus .
Ora le 10g . 279
279
, .
(Agents_bi_trg), BEFORE INSERT. ,
INSERT INTO Agents , Agents. BEGIN END.
(AgentID_seq.NEXTVAL)
AgentID :NEW. Ora le NEW OLD , INSERT
UPDATE, . SELECT Ora le DUAL, .
NEW, Ora le , INSERT, NEW
Agents.
BEFORE
, Agents
( ).
, .
1. SQL*Plus,
INSERT:
INSERT INTO Agents(LastName, FirstName)

VALUES('Mar oux', 'Kai');
VALUES('Silverburg', 'Danial');
VALUES('Taylor', 'Jessi a');
INSERT Ora le 1
row reated.
2. SELECT,
.
, .
SELECT AgentID, FirstName, Lastname

FROM Agents;
SELECT . 4.26. , , 12345, 12347 12349.
SQL*Plus. ,
Ora le.
Ora le 10g . 280
280
4.
. 4.26.
Agents
AFTER,
Ora le , . UPDATE, INSERT DELETE

, .
( audit trail) ,
. , (, ), ,
, .
, UPDATES Agents ( ). ,
Agents, UPDATE Agents,
, Ora le :
( INSERT), , , . , , Agents: AgentID, FirstName, LastName,
Ora le 10g . 281
281
HireDate, BirthDate, Gender Title. , ,

.
,
, INSERT DELETE.
, , Agents. ,
UPDATE
Agents. AuditAgents.
, Agents, .
1. SQL*Plus, Ora le, CLEAR
SCREEN.
2. , SQL , SQL*Plus. SQL*Plus. ,
SQL*Plus .
3. , SQL*Plus , AuditAgents:
CREATE TABLE AuditAgents

(AuditEvent NVARCHAR2(6),
BeforeAfter NVARCHAR2(6),
AuditUsername NVARCHAR2(30),
AuditDate DATE,
AgentID INTEGER,
FirstName NVARCHAR2(30),
HireDate DATE,
BirthDate DATE,
Gender NVARCHAR2(1),
Title NVARCHAR2(11));
4. , <>
CreateAudit.sql. Save as type ( ) All Files ( ).
AFTER
, , Agents
UPDATE.
Ora le 10g . 282
282
4.
.
AFTER UPDATE
Agents, .
1. , SQL*Plus:
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER Agents_au_trg

AFTER UPDATE ON Agents
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
INSERT INTO AuditAgents
VALUES ('Update', 'Before', user, sysdate,
:OLD.AgentID, :OLD.FirstName, :OLD.LastName,
:OLD.HireDate, :OLD.BirthDate, :OLD.Gender, :OLD.Title);
INSERT INTO AuditAgents
VALUES ('Update', 'After', NULL, NULL,
:NEW.AgentID, :NEW.FirstName, :NEW.LastName,
:NEW.HireDate, :NEW.BirthDate, :NEW.Gender, :NEW.Title);
END;
2. SQL*Plus <Enter>, END,
(/) <Enter>, .
Ora le Trigger reated (. 4.27).
, .
3. .
.
Agents. Agents. :
, .
AFTER
AFTER UPDATE, Agents UPDATE.

Agents, , . AuditAgents,
, AFTER UPDATE. , Agents,
AuditAgents. .
Agents AFTER UPDATE, .
1. UPDATE. , , SQL*Plus
. .
Ora le 10g . 283
. 4.27.
283
AFTER UPDATE
UPDATE Agents SET Gender = 'M' WHERE AgentID = 12345;

UPDATE Agents SET Title = 'Salesperson'
WHERE LastName = 'Silverburg';
UPDATE Agents SET HireDate = '29-JUN-98' WHERE AgentID = 12349;
Ora le 1
row updated.
2. ,
. 1.
UPDATE Agents SET LastName = 'Wahlberg' WHERE AgentID = 12345;
3. iSQL*Plus,
, exit <Enter>,
Ora le, SQL*Plus. ( ,
SQL*Plus.)
4. , File () Exit ().
Agents . , ,
. AFTER UPDATE

AuditAgents. ,
Agents.
AuditAgents ,
.
Ora le 10g . 284
284
4.
. 4.28.
1. , iSQL*Plus Username.
, <Tab>,
Password Login.
2.
Workspa e :
SELECT * FROM AuditAgents;
3. Exe ute. Ora le

AuditAgents (. 4.28).
4.
Logout, iSQL*Plus, .
. 4.28. Before After .

( G ). , Title.
LastName. ,
TO_CHAR ,
AuditDate . ,
:
SELECT TO_CHAR(AuditDate, 'MM/DD/YY HH:MM:SS');
Ora le 10g . 285
285
. , AFTER UPDATE
BEFORE UPDATE. .
, ,
, ..
, . ,
, .
, , , Ora le. ,
, . : INSERT DELETE
Agents Ora le ,
, . AFTER,
INSERT DELETE, . , Agents BEFORE INSERT AFTER
UPDATE. , Ora le , (INSERT ..),
Ora le , , DML-.
,
.
, Agents, -
Agents INSERT DELETE.
. SQL*Plus, () DBMS_OUTPUT,
( PUT
PUT_LINE). ,
LastName Agents.
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('New LastName value: ' || :NEW.LastName);
END;
, SQL*Plus:
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
, ,
- . -
Ora le 10g . 286
286
4.
,
. ,
Agents.
, DECLARE
BEGIN. BEGIN .
, INSERT UPDATE, .
1. SQL*Plus. (
). <Enter>.
, SQL*Plus.
CLEAR SCREEN
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
2. , SQL*Plus <Enter>
END:
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER Agents_adai_trg

AFTER INSERT OR DELETE ON Agents
FOR EACH ROW
DECLARE V_RowCount NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO V_RowCount FROM Agents;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(V_RowCount || ' rows in Agents');
END;
3. SQL*Plus (/) <Enter>, (. 4.29). Ora le Trigger

reated.
,
. , , .
, .
1. SQL*Plus DELETE,
:
DELETE FROM Agents WHERE Lastname = 'Silverburg';
Ora le .
2. ,
ROLLBACK;
3. .
Ora le 10g . 287
287
. 4.29.
, - ,
... AGENTS is mutating, trigger/fun tion may not
see it (... AGENTS , /
). (mutating table) , DML, . SQL (, SELECT )
, ( , , ).
-,
. Ora le . Ora le, ,
,
, ? ,
, ?
, ? ,
. ,
.
, .
1. FOR EACH ROW , ( .sql) SQL*Plus.
2. (/) <Enter>,
.
3. ,
SQL*Plus:
DELETE FROM Agents WHERE Lastname = 'Silverburg';

.
2 rows in Agents,
Ora le 10g . 288
288
4.
. 4.30. ,
DELETE. , ,
, . Ora le
1 row deleted (. 4.30).
4.
.
COMMT <Enter>, -
5. Exit <Enter>, SQL*Plus,

iSQL*Plus.
( Ora le)
.
user_triggers.
all_triggers, . (, olumn_name
4000 .) ,
user_triggers, . 4.7.
Ora le 10g . 289
289
4.7. ,
user_triggers
Trigger_Name
VARCHAR2(30)
Trigger_Type
VARCHAR2(16)
Triggering_Event VARCHAR2(227)
Table_Owner
VARCHAR2(30)
Base_Obje t_Type VARCHAR2(16)

Table_Name
VARCHAR2(30)
Column_Name
VARCHAR2(4000)
Referen ing_Names VARCHAR2(128)

When_Clause
VARCHAR2(4000)
Status
VARCHAR2(8)
Des ription
A tion_Type
Trigger_Body
VARCHAR2(4000)
VARCHAR2(11)
LONG

,
, ,
,
,
OLD NEW
WHEN
, ,

,
. ,
trigger_name, trigger_type, triggering_event, table_name status
. .

, .
1. iSQL*Plus ( SQL*Plus),
Ora le, ,
Workspa e.
Workspa e :
SELECT Trigger_Name, Triggering_Event, Trigger_Type, Table_Name,
Status
FROM user_triggers;
2.
(. 4.31).
Ora le 10g . 290
290
4.
. 4.31.
3. iSQL*Plus, Logout, Ora le, . SQL*Plus,

.
, . , ALTER TRIGGER. , -
, . ALTER
TRIGGER :
ALTER TRIGGER [s hema.<trigger-name> {ENABLE | DISABLE};

s hema .
, (
), . , ,
. Agents_au_trg,
Ora le 10g . 291
291
( ),
. SQL:
ALTER TRIGGER Agents_au_trg DISABLE;

,
ALTER TRIGGER Agents_au_trg ENABLE;

,
, .
,
DROP, :
DROP TRIGGER [s hema.<trigger-name>

, , . - ,
() SELECT,
.
, , .
1. , SQL*Plus,
:
DROP TRIGGER Agents_au_trg;

DROP TRIGGER Agents_bi_trg;
DROP TRIGGER Agents_adai_trg;
Ora le Trigger
dropped.
2. , ,
SELECT Trigger_Name from user_triggers;

Ora le no
.
rows sele ted, , -
3. exit <Enter>, Ora le,

SQL*Plus.

(Data Manipulation Language DML)

Ora le INSERT, UPDATE DELETE. SQL INSERT
. ,
. -
Ora le 10g . 292
292
4.
( NULL), , , .
. ,
INSERT,
( ) NULL. INSERT ,
, ,
. , ,
.
( ) NULL .
DD-MON-YY , TO_DATE ,
.
, , . , ,
NEXTVAL,
. CURRVAL
. Ora le Dual, .
UPDATE ( ) .
WHERE ,
, , . , WHERE,
. CASE. Ora le SQL
, Ora le .
DELETE .
WHERE , . , , .
, TRUNCATE TABLE (
).
MERGE INSERT, UPDATE DELETE
.
:
,
. , , . WHEN MATCHED WHEN
NOT MATCHED.
Ora le 10g . 293
293
COMMIT, ROLLBACK SAVEPOINT. COMMIT DML, ROLLBACK DML, . Ora le, DDL-
(, CREATE TABLE) COMMIT, . , , , .
, () DML.
(, ).
DML-,
INSERT, UPDATE DELETE ( ).
DML.
,
.
, .

,
,

Dual
Ora le 10g . 294
294
4.
1. UPDATE , .
2. ,
.
3. .
,
.
COMMIT .
5. BEFORE INSERT (FOR EACH ROW) NULL , OLD NEW
4.
1. INSERT , ,
_____.
2. , , Ora le
_____.
3. _____ CREATE SEQUENCE , .
4. SQL _____
.
5. Li enseDate Agents, _____ _____
_____. ,
,
_____ _____ _____.

1.
Agents)?
INSERT ( -
Ora le 10g . 295
INSERT INTO
) INSERT INTO
) INSERT INTO
'Gilbert')
) INSERT INTO
)
295
Agents(AgentID, LastName) (96743, 'Gilbert')

Agents VALUES (96743, 'Gilbert')
Agents(AgentID, LastName) VALUES ('96743',
Agents(AgentID, LastName) VALUES (96743, 'Gilbert')

2. DELETE ?
) DELETE FROM Agents
) DELETE FROMAgentsWHENAgentID= 12345
) DELETE Agents WHERE LastName = 'Ellison'
) DELETE FROM Agents WHERE FirstName = 'Leonard' AND
LastName = 'Smythe'
3. MERGE INTO INSERT, , ?
) WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE
) WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN UPDATE
) WHEN MATCHED THEN INSERT
) WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT
4. Ora le
) .
) .
) .
) .
5. Ora le BEFORE AFTER
INSERT, UPDATE DELETE. ,
, ?
) AUDIT.
INSTEAD OF.
) IN VIEW OF.
) IN REVERSE OF.
1. Readwood Realty
Robert Stirling , Redwood Realty Customers,

, . -
Ora le 10g . 296
296
4.
,
. ,
AgentID_seq, Customers,
, ,
, , , Customers. ,
. , ,
Ora le.
SQL*Plus Ora le. , SQL*Plus.
- Ch04Problem1.sql . <> 1, <mypath>
, <> .
.
. - , Ora le, ,
Ora le ROLLBACK
.

1. , :
START C:\<>\Ch04Problem1.sql
COLUMN CustomerID FORMAT 99999
COLUMN City FORMAT A10
COLUMN State FORMAT A10
COLUMN Zip ode FORMAT A7
CLEAR SCREEN
SPOOL C:\<mypath>\<>Ch04Redwood.txt
SHOW USER
CREATE SEQUENCE CustomerID_seq
START WITH 34567
INCREMENT BY 2;
Customer .
UPDATE Customers
SET City = 'Ara ta', State = 'California'
WHERE Zip ode = '95570';
SAVEPOINT SaveAfterUpdate;
2.
3. .
INSERT INTO Customers (CustomerID, FirstName, LastName)

VALUES (25599, 'Lora', 'Dietri h');
SAVEPOINT SaveAfterInsert;
Ora le 10g . 297
297
4. , () , ( ?) .
. , ,
.
DELETE FROM Customers;

SELECT CustomerID, LastName, City, State,
Zip ode FROM Customers;
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT SaveAfterInsert;
DELETE FROM Customers WHERE WorkPhone IS
NULL;
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT SaveAfterUpdate;
5. ,
Customers .
. .
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER Customers_bi_trg

BEFORE INSERT ON Customers
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
SELECT CustomerID_seq.NEXTVAL INTO
:NEW.CustomerID FROM DUAL;
END;
/
INSERT INTO Customers (LastName, FirstName,
City, State, Zip ode)
VALUES ('Chang', 'Y.F.', 'Ar ata', 'CA', '95518');
VALUES ('Newman', 'Ri hard', 'Blue Lake', 'CA', '95525');
VALUES ('Nasser', 'Jehad', 'Eureka',
'CA', '95503');
COMMIT;
Zip ode
FROM Customers ORDER BY CustomerID;
6. , , () , .
SPOOL OFF
DROP TRIGGER Customers_bi_trg;
DROP SEQUENCE CustomerID_seq;
Ora le 10g . 298
298
4.
DROP TABLE Agents CASCADE CONSTRAINTS

PURGE;
DROP TABLE AuditAgents CASCADE CONSTRAINTS
PURGE;
DROP TABLE Li enseStatus CASCADE
CONSTRAINTS PURGE;
DROP TABLE Customers CASCADE CONSTRAINTS
PURGE;
7.
8. , File (), Open

(). , <>Ch04Redwood
.txt, , Open ().
9. <Enter> ,
, . File (),
Print (), . .
2. Coffee Mer hant
Coffee Mer hant ,

Employees, Coffee Mer hant.
AuditEmployees, , ,
Employees. ,
Employees . :
Before After, Ora le, ,
, EmployeeID LastName
CommissionRate. , Employees.
AuditEmployees,
, ; , , .
SQL*Plus.
, , SQL*Plus
SQL, . . , , ,
.
, ,
Ch04Problem2.sql,
Coffee Mer hant. , ,
SQL*Plus .
Ora le 10g . 299
299
1. SQL*Plus. Ora le,

, Coffee Mer hant AuditEmployees. Ch04Problem2.sql
<>.
CLEAR SCREEN
START C:\<>\Ch04Problem2.sql
CREATE TABLE AuditEmployees
(BeforeAfter NVARCHAR2(6),
AuditUsername NVARCHAR2(30),
AuditDate DATE,
EmployeeID INTEGER,
Commission Number(4,4)
);
2. , INSERT, UPDATE DELETE Employees. ( Employees . 1
Ch04Problem2.sql.) (/) <Enter>, .
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER

Employees_aiauad_trg
AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE ON
Employees
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
INSERT INTO AuditEmployees VALUES
('Before', user, sysdate,
:OLD.EmployeeID, :OLD.LastName,
:OLD.CommissionRate);
INSERT INTO AuditEmployees VALUES
('After', NULL, NULL,
:NEW.EmployeeID, :NEW.LastName,
:NEW.CommissionRate);
END;
/
3. .
SAVEPOINT BeforeInsert;
INSERT INTO Employees (EmployeeID,
FirstName, LastName, Gender)
VALUES (1528, 'Lu a', 'Pa ioli', 'M');
VALUES (3432, 'Melinda', 'English', 'F');
VALUES (3692, 'Steve', 'Ballmer', 'M');
4.
, CASE.
Ora le 10g . 300
300
4.
SAVEPOINT BeforeUpdate;
UPDATE Employees
SET CommissionRate =
CASE
WHEN CommissionRate
WHEN CommissionRate
WHEN CommissionRate
CommissionRate
ELSE CommissionRate
END;
IS NULL THEN 0.025

< 0.07 THEN CommissionRate * 1.15
BETWEEN 0.07 and 0.09 THEN
* 1.1
* 1.05
5. , . DELETE,
(COMMIT) Employees,
ROLLBACK.
SAVEPOINT BeforeDelete;
DELETE FROM Employees WHERE Gender = 'M';
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Employees;
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT BeforeDelete;
COMMIT;
6. SQL*Plus .
Ora le .
Employees.
, .
SPOOL C:\Ch04Problem2-spoolfile.txt
SHOW USER
SELECT * FROM AuditEmployees;
ALTER TRIGGER Employees_aiauad_trg DISABLE;
DELETE FROM Employees Where Gender = 'F';
ROLLBACK;
7. , ,
, . ,
, .
SELECT Trigger_Name, Trigger_Type,

Table_Name FROM User_Triggers;
DROP TRIGGER Employees_aiauad_trg;
DROP TABLE AuditEmployees CASCADE
CONSTRAINTS PURGE;
DROP TABLE Employees CASCADE CONSTRAINTS
PURGE;
SPOOL OFF
SQL*Plus.
Ora le 10g . 301
301
9. , SQL*Plus SQL. ,
<Enter>, , , .
SQL*Plus/SQL ,
.
3. Rowing Ventures
, - Person, , , .
, , , .
( )
, Person. - ( ),
.
SQL, .
SQL*Plus. Ch04Problem3.sql, . , START (
). AuditPerson, ,
, /,
Person PersonID, Weight DateOfBirth. AFTER
(Person_aiauad_trg), , - Person INSERT, UPDATE DELETE.
Person AuditPerson. PersonID ( 1100), LastName, FirstName, Gender, Weight DateOfBirth.
1972 . Weight (Gender = 'M'),
6 . .
BeforeDeleteFemale. Person, (DateOfBirth) 1971 1972 . .
, . , AuditPerson,
:
SELECT * FROM AuditPerson;

, , ,
, , .
AuditPerson Person. .
Ora le 10g . 302
302
4.
4.8.
AuditConta t
OperationType
VARCHAR2(6)
BeforeAfter
VARCHAR(6)
Username
VARCHAR(30)
ModDate
Re ordPK
Date
INTEGER
Re ordLastName
NVARCHAR(20)
, :
UPDATE DELETE
INSERT,
('BEFORE')
('AFTER')
Ora le,

Conta tID ,
LastName
SQL*Plus, .
. .
SQL*Plus SQL*Plus.
Broad loth Clothing 17 .

Conta t, ,
Conta tID, , ( ), ,
.. -, .
, , ,
, , INSERT, UPDATE DELETE, Conta t.
SQL*Plus, Ch04Problem4.sql SQL*Plus,
Broad loths Clothing.
AuditConta t.
.
, Conta t. ,
. onta t_bu_trg,
,
( OperationType UPDATE, BeforeAfter BEFORE) ( OperationType UPDATE, BeforeAfter AFTER). onta t_bi_trg,
Ora le 10g . 303
303
,
AuditConta t. OperationType INSERT, BeforeAfter (new);
AuditConta t Ora le, /,
LastName. (.
:NEW.) , onta t_bd_trg, ,
AuditConta t . OperationType DELETE, BeforeAfter (old),
Ora le, /, LastName
. (. :OLD.)
( , 1234, FirstName LastName.)
DESCRIBE, Conta t. ,
Nation Pakistan Malaysia (
). , PrimaryLanguage Chinese ( , ), GMTDifferen e
. . ,
SELECT * FROM AuditConta t;.
, , .
, , , . , DROP,
, Conta t AuditConta t.
Ora le 10g . 304
Ora le 10g . 305

. . .
SELECT
SELECT
SELECT , ,
SQL
SQL
avg, ount, max, min sum
HAVING
SQL*Plus

, , , . ,
. -
Ora le 10g . 306
306
5.

.
(Stru ture Query Language SQL) SQL*Plus,
,
. SQL,
, , , , .
SQL SELECT.
DML-, SELECT .
, , . , , Reedwood
Realty . ,
,
, . , , ,
SELECT.
SELECT
SELECT :
SELECT * FROM <table-name>;
<table-name> , -
, (*) , Ora le
. ,
. . , ,
,
. SELECT , , . SELECT
.
SELECT [DISTINCT <sele t-list>

FROM {<table-list>}
[WHERE < onditions>
[GROUP BY <group-by-list>
[HAVING <group- onditions>
[ORDER BY <order-list> [ASC | DESC
[FOR UPDATE <for-update-options>;
DISTINCT
( , ). sele t-list , . ,
Ora le 10g . 307
307
, .-. table-list,
FROM,
, .
WHERE ,
(). GROUP BY . , group-by-list.
, HAVING, . ( WHERE .)
ORDER BY
. ASC DESC,
. ,
.
, .
ORDER BY , Ora le .
FOR UPDATE
. SELECT, FROM, WHERE, HAVING ORDER BY
, SELECT . , Ora le
. ,
.
Ora le
Customers. City = 'Ar ata' , , . , ORDER BY LastName, ( LastName ) FirstName. Ora le,
, ,
.
SQL , . ,
, , . (
, City Properties, ..
, .)
SELECT FirstName, LastName, Address, City, State, Zip ode

FROM Customers WHERE City = 'Ar ata' ORDER BY LastName, FirstName;
, Redwood Realty.
-, , ,
Ora le 10g . 308
308
5.
Redwood Realty,
. SQL*Plus BuildRedwood.sql
, 5, . , BuildRedwood.sql.
. , Redwood Realty.
, , . , ,
.
.
Redwood Realty, .
1. SQL*Plus Ora le. (:
iSQL*Plus .)
2. Redwood Realty RedwoodRealty.
<> <Enter> .
START <>\BuildRedwood
, Ora le , , (. 5.1).
, Redwood Realty, SELECT
.
, .
1. <Enter>
. SQL*Plus ,
.
CLEAR SCREEN
COLUMN Title FORMAT A11
2. , Agents
( <Enter> , SELECT):
SELECT FirstName, LastName, Gender, Title

FROM Agents;
Ora le 10g . 309
. 5.1. ,
309
BuildRedwood
. 5.2. Agents. .
3. exit <Enter>, Ora le SQL*Plus. SQL*Plus
iSQL*Plus.

, sele t-list SELECT.
SELECT , .
. ,
sele t-list (*). , ( ),
. , .
Ora le 10g . 310
310
5.
. 5.2.
SELECT, ,
iSQL*Plus, iSQL*Plus
, SQL*Plus.
, ,
.
1. , iSQL*Plus. Ora le,
.
2. Workspa e . ( iSQL*Plus
, , . .)
SELECT * FROM Agents;

3. Exe ute, . ,
Workspa e . Ora le
Agents (. 5.3).
.
4.
Logout,
Ora le, .
Ora le 10g . 311
. 5.3.
311
Agents
. iSQL*Plus Ora le, , . , iSQL*Plus ,

.
, Workspa e. -
, iSQL*Plus .
DISTINCT

sele t-list SELECT
DISTINCT, . , ,
SELECT, . , ,
(, -
Ora le 10g . 312
312
5.
. 5.4.
DISTINCT
). ,
DISTINCT . , ,
, , .
CustAgentList. ,
:
SELECT CommissionRate FROM CustAgentList;

(1018 ),
. , . DISTINCT, ,
, ..
SELECT DISTINCT CommissionRate FROM CustAgentList;

. SELECT DESCRIBE CustAgentList
. 5.4. , ,
: 3, 4, 5 6%. ( .)

Ora le, SELECT,
SQL*Plus . ,
. SQL*Plus : <Ctrl+C>,
. , .
SQL
SQL*Plus, .
Ora le 10g . 313
313
. 5.5. SQL*Plus
1. SQL*Plus, Ora le . <Enter> , Ora le

. SELECT 1018 !
SELECT * FROM CustAgentList

2. , SQL*Plus . <Ctrl+C> (
<Ctrl>, <C> ). SQL*Plus
, ,
SQL> (. 5.5).
, Ora le , SELECT
WHERE. WHERE
4 UPDATE DELETE. SELECT WHERE . , WHERE,
Ora le 10g . 314
314
5.
,
Ora le. , ( true). ,
WHERE :
WHERE < olumn-name> < omparison-operator> <sear h-expression>

olumn-name ,
Ora le. omparison-operator , sear h-expression. ( . 4.3.) sear h-expression . WHERE
olumn-name/ omparison-operator/sear h-expression, . ( 4, . 4.4.)

, , ,
. WHERE,
Customers.
...WHERE City = 'Blue Lake'

...WHERE CustomerID = 25343
...WHERE FirstName <> 'Randy'
WHERE, SQL*Plus Redwood Realty.
SELECT , , Ora le
, WHERE
, .
, WHERE,
.
1. SQL*Plus, CLEAR SCREEN <Enter>,
SELECT:
SELECT CustomerID, FirstName, LastName

FROM Customers
WHERE LastName = 'Nguyen';
Ora le , CustomerID.
2. :
SELECT OwnerID, Bedrooms, Bathrooms, Stories, SqFt

FROM Properties
WHERE SqFt = 2100;
Ora le 10g . 315
315
Ora le , SqFt (
) 2100.
3. :
SELECT AgentID, LastName, FirstName

FROM Agents
WHERE Title <> 'Salesperson';
Ora le , ,
Salesperson.
4. . ( linesize
90, .)
SET Linesize 90
SELECT *
FROM CustAgentList
WHERE BidPri e > 350000;
5. , Listings:
SELECT ListingID, BeginListDate, EndListDate, AskingPri e

FROM Listings
WHERE BeginListDate <= '26-JUN-2006';
Ora le , 27
2006 . . 4 5 . 5.6.

WHERE, , . , WHERE
SELECT Agents.
SELECT LastName
FROM Agents
WHERE Title = 'salesperson'
, Title Agents : ,
. , , salesperson,
SALESPERSON ( ). ( , , Ora le.) , , , WHERE,
. ,
.
Ora le 10g . 316
316
5.
. 5.6.
WHERE
, WHERE, . , Ora le, , DD-MON-YY, DD ; MON

; YY . , YY, 50, , YY,
50, .
WHERE,
. ,
,
1 2005 . SELECT
, Li enseExpire '01-JUN-05'.

FROM Agents
WHERE Li enseExpire >= '01-JUN-05';
,
, , Li enseExpire () (
SYSDATE). SELECT:
Ora le 10g . 317
5.1.
SQL
BETWEEN ... AND

IN
IS NULL
LIKE
317

NULL.
NULL
( )
. 5.7.
BETWEEN ... AND

FROM Agents
WHERE Li enseExpire < SYSDATE;
SQL
SQL, ,
,
, , NULL
. SQL
. 5.1.
BETWEEN
, BETWEEN ... AND, , .

. 5.7 12 , AskingPri e 212 000 235 000 . ,
, , ,
.
Ora le 10g . 318
318
5.
IN
IN , , .
,
. IN , . ,
, , , .
WHERE:
WHERE State IN ('Ohio','Indiana','Mi higan','Illinois')

, , ( ):
WHERE State = 'Ohio' OR State = 'Indiana'

OR State = 'Mi higan' OR State = 'Illinois'
LIKE
LIKE . ,
. WHERE LIKE, , -
.
Ora le: % _ ().
(_) ,
(%) ( ) . , (Customers),
H, :
SELECT FirstName, LastName, Address, City, State

FROM Customers
WHERE LastName LIKE 'H%';
, 955 1 ,
WHERE :
...WHERE ZipCode LIKE '955_1';

, , , ESCAPE. ,
, LIKE,
. , , (, ... almost 35% of all people ... ).
, WHERE,
ESCAPE, .
, .
Ora le 10g . 319
319
... WHERE StatusText LIKE '\%almost 35% of all people' ESCAPE '\'
. Ora le 10g
, . , .
, , .
IS NULL
, NULL
(.. ). ,
( ), YearBuilt
NULL, Agents, Li enseExpire NULL. NULL ,
, . IS NULL WHERE.
, IS NOT NULL
NULL.
Agents, Li enseExpire .

FROM Agents
WHERE Li enseExpire IS NULL;

(. 3), : AND, OR
NOT. , WHERE , (AND) (OR).
. NOT
. , ,
, 1999 . (SqFt) 2 000
. ,
. (, SqFt > 2000), , AND,
.
, Ora le . , ,
WHERE:
WHERE City = 'Ar ata' AND YearBuilt < 2004 OR Bedrooms = 3;
Ora le 10g . 320
320
5.
Ora le .
, .
, .
, <, =, >
. , .
WHERE City = 'Ar ata'
true false . YearBuilt = 2004 .. ,
Ora le , true/false
.
NOT, .
AND, OR. ,
, .

SQL*Plus. ,
, SQL*Plus <Enter>,
. ,
, SQL*Plus.
SELECT,
, .
2.
3. , , 1991 2 000
:
SELECT Address, YearBuilt, SqFt, Bedrooms, Bathrooms

FROM Properties
WHERE City = 'Ar ata' AND YearBuilt > 1991 AND SqFt >= 2000;
4. ,
(Blue Lake) (Trinidad), , Ln. , ( ) , OR. (
.)
SELECT Address, City

FROM Properties
WHERE City IN ('Blue Lake', 'Trinidad') AND
(Address LIKE '%Ln' OR Address LIKE '%lN'
OR Address LIKE '%LN' OR Address LIKE '%ln');
Ora le 10g . 321
321
. 5.8.
5. , SaleStatusID, BeginListDate SellingPri e , (

SaleStatusID 101) 2006 (BeginListDate):
SELECT SaleStatusID, BeginListDate, AskingPri e

FROM Listings
WHERE SaleStatusID = 101
AND BeginListDate BETWEEN '01-JUN-2006' AND '30-JUN-2006';
6. , , (AskingPri e) 130 000.
SELECT SaleStatusID, BeginListDate, AskingPri e

FROM Listings
WHERE SaleStatusID = 101
AND BeginListDate BETWEEN '01-JUN-2006' AND '30-JUN-2006'
AND AskingPri e > 130000;
. 5.8.
.
SELECT . , SELECT ORDER BY,

:
ORDER BY {< olumn-name>|<result- olumn-number>} [ASC|DESC

[NULLS FIRST|NULLS LAST
[,{< olumn-name>|<result- olumn-number>} [ASC|DESC
[NULLS FIRST|NULLS LAST...
Ora le 10g . 322
322
5.
olumn-name (,
, ). result- olumnnumber ,
( ). ASC as ending ( ), DESC des ending ( ). NULLS
FIRST/LAST , NULL
( LAST).
, , . ,
, .
, . Ora le
, .

..
. ( ) ( ). ,
. , ASC
DESC . ORDER BY SELECT, Ora le .
. DISTINCT
SELECT, (),
, ORDER BY.
. , ,
, SELECT, , LastName, FirstName (
). , , , .
SELECT, ( ), ( ) , ,
( ).
SELECT YearBuilt, City, Bedrooms, SqFt

FROM Properties
WHERE YearBuilt > 1989
AND City IN ('Fortuna', 'M Kinleyville', 'Loleta')
AND SqFt >= 2000
ORDER BY City, 3, YearBuilt DESC;
Ora le 10g . 323
323
Ora le , , WHERE,
, , ORDER BY, 26 . 3
ORDER BY. olumn-list
(Bedrooms), ( City).
, SELECT
, , ,
, ORDER BY.
NULL ORDER BY
ORDER BY , NULL,

, . , NULL ,
NULLS FIRST. ,
NULL DESC ASC.
SELECT BidPri e FROM CustAgentList

ORDER BY BidPri e DESC NULLS FIRST;
n
n , n ( ) . ,
SalesAmount, .
. ,
SalesAmount ( ), n ,
. , .
SQL , n n
, .
n ,
() ()
() () .
Ora le ROWNUM,
, . -
Ora le 10g . 324
324
5.
ROWNUM .
, ()
< <=. > >= ROWNUM . , ,
AskingPri e Listings, , . ,
.
, ROWNUM
WHERE, .
SELECT AskingPri e
FROM (SELECT AskingPri e
FROM Listings
ORDER BY AskingPri e DESC)
WHERE ROWNUM <= 5;
, . FROM ( ); (inline view).
Listings, AskingPri e 502 .
( ),
. ROWNUM 1 502 ( ). , ,
. WHERE , ROWNUM, .

NULL.
SELECT. ORDER BY.
, ORDER BY,
.
1. , SQL*Plus Ora le. CLEAR
<Enter>, .
SCREEN
2. BidPri e,
, :
CLEAR SCREEN
SELECT BidPri e
FROM (SELECT BidPri e FROM CustAgentList
ORDER BY BidPri e DESC)
WHERE ROWNUM <= 7;
, Ora le !
BidPri e NULL , ,
DESC NULL.
Ora le 10g . 325
325

NULL
NULLS LAST
NULL
. 5.9. n
3. NULL ,
.
NULLS LAST DESC . .
SELECT BidPri e
FROM (SELECT BidPri e FROM CustAgentList
ORDER BY BidPri e DESC NULLS LAST)
WHERE ROWNUM <= 7;
BidPri e (. 5.9).
Ora le
4. , .
, () 1969 .
SQL*Plus SQL:
CLEAR SCREEN
SELECT LastName, FirstName, BirthDate
FROM Agents
WHERE BirthDate >= '01-JUL-69'
ORDER BY BirthDate DESC;
5. . 5.10.
Ora le 10g . 326
326
5.
,
1969
. 5.10.
6. SQL*Plus SQL, , : City, Bedrooms Bathrooms.

,
, (Bathrooms) ( ).
CLEAR SCREEN
COLUMN Address FORMAT A20
COLUMN SqFt FORMAT 99,999
SET PAGESIZE 25
SELECT Address, City, Bedrooms, Bathrooms, SqFt
FROM Properties
WHERE SqFT > 3000 AND Bedrooms > 4
ORDER BY City DESC, Bedrooms DESC, Bathrooms;
SET PAGESIZE 14
CLEAR COLUMNS
7. . 5.11.
8. SQL*Plus exit <Enter>,
.

( ), ,
.
, .
,
Ora le 10g . 327
327
. 5.11.
.
, , (12), (5,00 .)
(60,00 .), ,
, .. . ,
, .
, SQL SELECT
, . , , (, ), ,
, . ,
, . (,
.) SQL, ,
, ,
.

Ora le SQL, , , ,
+, -, * /. , -
Ora le 10g . 328
328
5.
,
(, ). , , .
,
NUMBER, DATE INTERVAL. ,
, ,
DATE INTERVAL.
, , SQL, , SELECT.
. , (
), DUAL. , DUAL , ,
.
FROM <_>, DUAL. , , 37,85 .
(6 ) .
SQL:
SELECT 0.06 * 37.85, 1.06 * 37.85

FROM DUAL;
(, , .)
, DUAL , .
, NUMERIC, . , SELECT, ,
, ().
Listings, ,
AskingPri e ,
. , 6 . ,
,
. , AskingPri e
. , ( ).
.
SELECT AskingPri e, AskingPri e*0.06, AskingPri e-(AskingPri e*0.06)

FROM Listings;
Ora le 10g . 329
329
.
SQL*Plus iSQL*Plus Ora le.
SQL , .
1. , , .
, , .
CLEAR SCREEN
SELECT AskingPri e, AskingPri e*0.05, AskingPri e*0.06,
AskingPri e-(AskingPri e*0.05), AskingPri e-(AskingPri e*0.06)
FROM Listings
WHERE AskingPri e > 350000
ORDER BY AskingPri e DESC;
Ora le ( ).
2. Properties YearBuilt
.
Properties (,
2006).
COLUMN Address FORMAT

SELECT Address, City,
FROM (SELECT Address,
FROM Properties
WHERE ROWNUM < 11;
A20
YearBuilt, 2006-YearBuilt
City, YearBuilt, 2006-YearBuilt
ORDER BY 4 DESC)
3. SQL*Plus ( iSQL*Plus). iSQL*Plus,

. , iSQL*Plus
Ora le.
, . 5.12.
( Address
City) SQL*Plus
.

date . , ,
30, 60 90 . , .
Ora le 10g . 330
330
5.
. 5.12.
SELECT
. ,
SYSDATE.
, :
SELECT SYSDATE FROM DUAL;

,
, DUAL ,
. , , Li enseExpire , .
SELECT:
SELECT Li enseExpire, Li enseExpire-SYSDATE

FROM Agents
ORDER BY Li enseExpire-SYSDATE DESC;
, 30 365 .
,
.
SELECT Li enseExpire-SYSDATE
FROM Agents
ORDER BY 1 DESC;
Ora le 10g . 331
331
1 DESC Ora le

. , ( ) 365 .
365.24, , , 400.
, (),
() . ,
, . , , . (,
, , 2?) Ora le ,
.
(, HireDate BirthDate date).
,
.
SYSDATE + 27
SYSDATE - HireDate
HireDate - BirthDate
Invoi eDate - 60
SYSDATE - BirthDate

. 5.12 SELECT, , Ora le
. . 5.12, , SELECT Address,
ADDRESS.
SELECT Ora le . . 5.12
2006-YEARBUILT, . , Ora le , ( olumn alias).
: ( ) , ;
ORDER BY;
.
, . ,
( !). 30 ,
( ANSI )
Ora le 10g . 332
332
5.
.
, .
.
SELECT AskingPri e-0.06*AskingPri e AS NET_PRICE,

AskingPri e*0.06 "Commission Rate"
FROM Listings;
,
AS. ANSI
, . , AS SELECT, .

. , , .
, . ,
.
(| |) , , ,
, . ( , .) ,
Agents .
( , ..).
, , .
SELECT FirstName || LastName

FROM Agents;
, : (, Ale Baldwin).

. , , ..
. ORDER BY,
, ( ). , , .
SELECT FirstName||' '||LastName AS "Name"

FROM Agents
ORDER BY LastName, FirstName;
Ora le 10g . 333
333
. 5.13.
. SQL (') ("). , . .
, ,
. SQL*Plus iSQL*Plus Ora le.
, SELECT, .
1. , ,
:
CLEAR SCREEN
COLUMN "Name" FORMAT A20
COLUMN "Age when hired" FORMAT 99
SELECT FirstName||' '||LastName AS "Name",
(HireDate-BirthDate)/365.24 AS "Age when hired"
FROM Agents
ORDER BY "Age when hired" DESC, LastName, FirstName;
(. 5.13).
(
99).
2. . .
Ora le 10g . 334
334
5.
. 5.14.

SELECT FirstName, LastName, (SYSDATE-BirthDate)/365.24 AS Age
FROM Agents
, Age ,
(, ).
3. SELECT Age Age
Today ( ). ? Ora le
.
4. :
SELECT LastName||' is '||TO_CHAR((SYSDATE-BirthDate)/365.24)

||' years old today.' AS "How old are sele ted agents?"
FROM Agents
WHERE BirthDate > '31-DEC-1969'
ORDER BY Birthdate;
Ora le (. 5.14). - , TO_CHAR
,
.
5. SQL*Plus iSQL*Plus.
SQL
Ora le . , ,
Ora le 10g . 335
SQL
335
. Ora le :
. .
. UPPER, ;
, SELECT, .
() . , AVG
, SUM . .

, SELECT, . ,
WHERE ORDER BY. Ora le .
. ; -
.
. ;
.
.
.
. .
. -

, .
LOWER(),
. , INITCAP(), . , SELECT
. ( , ), .
, ,
Ora le 10g . 336
336
5.
,
SELECT INITCAP(FirstName), INITCAP(LastName)

FROM Agents;
, , ( ) , .
SQL . 5.2.
SELECT, WHERE ORDER BY, , ,
( ) . ,
SQL*Plus.
, .
1. SQL*Plus, Ora le, (CLEAR SCREEN)
, , :
SELECT UPPER('ora le') "Upper", LOWER('DATABASE') AS "Lower",

INITCAP('for whom the bell tools') AS "Init ap",
LENGTH('for whom the bell tools') AS "Length"
FROM DUAL;
2. , ,
.
, (inline view). Ora le .
SELECT Address, LENGTH(Address) AS "Addr. Size"

FROM (SELECT Address, LENGTH(Address)
FROM Customers
ORDER BY 2 DESC)
WHERE ROWNUM < 11;
3. , ( ), ling.
, .
SELECT SUBSTR(FirstName,1,1) || '. '||LastName AS "Name"

FROM Customers
WHERE UPPER(LastName) LIKE '%LING';
, Ora le ,
. 5.15.
4. ,
, . ,
Ora le 10g . 337
SQL
5.2.
337
INSTR(<str1>,<str2>)
LENGTH(<str>)
LOWER(<str>)
UPPER(<str>)
INITCAP(<str>)
NVL(<str>, <value>)
NVL2(<str>, <value1>,
<value2>)
REPLACE(<str1>,<str2>,
<str3>)
LPAD(<str>, <width>,
[,<pad string>)
<str1> , <str2>
<str>
<str>,
<str>,
<str>
<value>, <str> NULL;
<str>
<value1>, <str> NULL;
<value2>
TRIM(<str>)
<str1> <str2>. ,
<str2> <str3>
<str> , <width> .
<pad string>
<str> ,
<width> .
<pad string>
() <str>, <start>.
<length>

LTRIM(<str>)
RTRIM(<str>)
<str>
<str>
RPAD(<str>, <width>,
[,<pad string>)
SUBSTR(<str>, <start> [,
<length)
SQL*Plus
SELECT.)
<str>
PAGESIZE. ( PAGESIZE
SET PAGESIZE 40
SELECT
RPAD(FirstName||' '||LastName,40,'.') AS "Agent",
LPAD(WorkPhone,18) AS "Work Number"
FROM Agents
Ora le 10g . 338
338
5.
. 5.15.

SET PAGESIZE 14
UPPER, LPAD ( ) RPAD ( ) . 5.16.

Ora le ,
, . Ora l , ,
.
. 5.3.
( ) Ora le.
. , ,
, . . ,
.
Ora le 10g . 339
SQL
. 5.16.
339
LPAD RPAD
. , SIGN()
-1, ; 1
, 0 . SQL*Plus
Ora le. CLEAR SCREEN <Enter>,
, .
, .
1. :
SELECT ABS(-234), CEIL(23.112), MOD(21,6),

ROUND(567.93537,2), SQRT(5280)
FROM DUAL;
2. ,
TRUNC ROUND.
. 5.17. , , Ora le,
.

SELECT LastName,
TRUNC((SYSDATE-BirthDate)/365.25) AS "Age",
ROUND((SYSDATE-BirthDate)/365.25,2) AS "Rounded-2",
Ora le 10g . 340
340
5.
5.3.
ABS(<n>)
CEIL(<n>)
,
<n>
,
<n>
FLOOR(<n>)
<n>
ABS(5) = 5
ABS(-58) = 58
CEIL(6.8) = 7
CEIL(-34.5) =-34
FLOOR(78.9) = 78
FLOOR(-3.1) =-4
<n> <m> MOD(7,3) = 1
MOD(29,6) = 5
POWER(<n>,<k>) <n> <k>
POWER(2,3) = 8
POWER(5,2) = 25
ROUND(<n>
<n>, ROUND(7.467,2) =
[,<m>)
<m> . <m> 7.47 ROUND(96.87,, <n>
1) = 100
MOD(<n>,<m>)
SIGN(<n>)
SQRT(<n>)
TRUNC(<n>
[,<k>)

-1, <n> ,
0 , 1 <n>
<n>
SIGN(-23) =-1
SIGN(456) = 1
SQRT(81) = 9
SQRT(7) =
2.645751
<n>,
TRUNC(56.999)
<k> . = 56
TRUNC(789.559,1)
= 789.5
ROUND((SYSDATE-BirthDate)/365.25,3) AS "Rounded-3",
(SYSDATE-BirthDate)/365.25 AS "Full"
FROM Agents WHERE BirthDate < '01-JAN-61'
ORDER BY 5;
3. SQL*Plus .

Ora le ,
date. ,
, . 5.4. , (TO_DATE) ()
date, (TO_CHAR) .
Ora le 10g . 341
SQL
341
. 5.17.

.
,
, .
1. SQL*Plus,
CLEAR SCREEN.
2. :
SELECT
EXTRACT(YEAR FROM HireDate) AS "Hire Year",
EXTRACT(MONTH FROM HireDate) AS "Hire Month",
EXTRACT(DAY FROM HireDate) AS "Hire Day",
HireDate, ADD_MONTHS(HireDate,5) AS "+5 Months"
FROM Agents
WHERE HireDate > '14-JUN-02'
ORDER BY 1;
3. , ,
SQL*Plus SQL (,
):
COLUMN "Quarter" FORMAT A7

COLUMN "1 hour later" FORMAT A12
COLUMN "1 Day later" FORMAT A11
SELECT
TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'MM/DD/YYYY HH:MM:SS AM') AS "Year time",
TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY') AS "Year",
TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'Q') AS "Quarter",
TO_CHAR(SYSDATE+1/24, 'HH24:MM:SS') AS "1 hour later",
Ora le 10g . 342
342
5.
5.4.
,

date
ADD_MONTHS(<date>,
<no. of months>) <no. of months>
<date>. (,
<no. of months>
EXTRACT(<ymd>
FROM <date>)
LAST_DAY(<date>)
MONTHS_BETWEEN
(<date1>,<date2>)
NEW_TIME(<date>,
< ur-time-zone>,
<new-time-zone>)
NEXT_DAY(<date>,
<string>)
SYSDATE
TO_CHAR(<date>,
<format>)
TO_DATE(<str>,
<format>)
.)

, ,

,

.
<date1>
,

ADD_MONTHS('10-OCT06', 3)
10-JAN-07
EXTRACT(YEAR FROM
'10-OCT-85')
1985
LAST_DAY(SYSDATE)
MONTHS_BETWEEN
(SYSDATE, HireDate)
,

HireDate
NEW_TIME(SYSDATE,
'PST', 'EST')
,

(<string>),

NEXT_DAY('14-JUN2006', 'Tuesday')

( )
/
,
<format>
<str>
, <format>

'07-OCT-06' (
<date>

'20-JUN-06'
TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,
'MM/DD/YYYY
HH24:MM;SS')
TO_DATE('10/30/2006'
'MM/DD/YYYY')
TO_CHAR(SYSDATE+1, 'MM/DD/YYYY') AS "1 Day later"

FROM DUAL;
Ora le 10g . 343
SQL
343
, HireDate
HireDate
. 5.18.
. 5.18 (
- / ).
4. , Redwood Realty.
CLEAR SCREEN <Enter>,
.
:
SET PAGESIZE 40
COLUMN "Unrounded Hire Age" FORMAT A20
SELECT TO_CHAR(BirthDate,'MM/DD/YYYY') AS "Birth date",
TO_CHAR(HireDate,'MM/DD/YYYY') AS "Hire date",
TRUNC(MONTHS_BETWEEN(HireDate, BirthDate)/12,0) AS "Hire Age",
TO_CHAR(MONTHS_BETWEEN(HireDate, BirthDate)/12, '99.99')
AS "Unrounded Hire Age"
FROM Agents ORDER BY 3 DESC;
,
Redwood Realty, . 5.19.
5. , , .
( ) ,
.
Ora le 10g . 344
344
5.
. 5.19.
TRUNC MONTHS_BETWEEN
CLEAR SCREEN
SELECT DISTINCT
(EndListDate-BeginListDate) AS "Market Time: Days",
TRUNC((EndListDate-BeginListDate)/7) AS "Weeks",
FLOOR(MONTHS_BETWEEN(EndListDate,BeginListDate)) AS "Months"
FROM LISTINGS
ORDER BY 1 DESC;
Ora le , .
6. , Li enseExpire, Li enseExpire , . ,
2002
.
SELECT ADD_MONTHS(LAST_DAY(Li enseExpire),-1)+1 AS "Beginning",

Li enseExpire AS "A tual",
LAST_DAY(Li enseExpire) AS "Ending"
FROM Agents
WHERE UPPER(TITLE) = 'BROKER'
AND EXTRACT(YEAR FROM Li enseExpire) < 2002;
Ora le 10g . 345
SQL
345
. 5.20. /
, . 5 6, . 5.20.
. , ,
, . , SQL*Plus -,
.
7.
. ,
. , ( ) , TO_CHAR.
, .
Ora le 10g . 346
346
5.

Ora le , .
TO_CHAR,
. TO_DATE
TO_NUMBER. , ,
CLOB (Chara ter Large Obje t).
, TO_CHAR, TO_DATE
TO_NUMBER, . ,
Ora le .
TO_CHAR
TO_CHAR :
TO_CHAR(<date-number> [,<format-string>)
<date-number> / ,
, <format-string>.
<format-string>, , . ,
HireDate Agents , , TO_CHAR SELECT:
SELECT FirstName, LastName, (HireDate, 'Month, DD, YYYY')

FROM Agents;
,
, O tober 03, 1996 August 30, 1995. ,
, Ora le ,
, DD-MON-YY (, 03-OCT-96).
TO_CHAR , . ,
TO_CHAR
BidPri e, ,
.
SELECT TO_CHAR(BidPri e, '$99,999,999.99')

FROM CustAgentList;
, '$99,999,999.99', ,
$, 9 . , ,
( 00). -
Ora le 10g . 347
SQL
5.5.
,

9
9999
, () 9,999
. ()
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99.99
0999
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. 5.5. ,
.
, ,
SELECT.
TO_CHAR , , .
1. SQL*Plus, Ora le, CLEAR SCREEN
<Enter>.
2. , BidPri e :
Ora le 10g . 348
348
5.
SET PAGESIZE 20
SELECT TO_CHAR(BidPri e, '$99,999,999.00') AS "Bid Pri e"
FROM CustAgentList WHERE BidPri e > 360000;
3. , , . WHERE, , Ora le ( ) . ,
, , LIKE,
.
SELECT TO_CHAR(Longitude, 'S9999.99') AS "S9999.99",

TO_CHAR(Longitude, '000999.99MI') AS "000999.99MI",
TO_CHAR(Latitude, 'S9999.9') AS "S9999.9",
TO_CHAR(Latitude, 'RN') AS "Roman Latitude"
FROM Properties
WHERE UPPER(Address) LIKE '%RIVER%';
. 2 3 , . 5.21.
4. , , , :
CLEAR SCREEN
SELECT TO_CHAR(345.678,'S99,999.99') AS "S99,999.99",
TO_CHAR(0.00678,'9.999EEEE') AS "9.999EEEE",
TO_CHAR(5280, '09.99') AS "09.99",
TO_CHAR(1256, 'RN') AS "RN: 1,256",
TO_CHAR(1234.5678, '$999,999.00') AS "$999,999.00"
FROM DUAL;
5. , #. ,
, .
, :
TO_CHAR(5280, '09999.99') AS "09999.99",

6. . , . 5.22.
7. exit, <Enter>, Ora le,
SQL*Plus.
TO_DATE
TO_DATE .
, . ,
.
/ .
,
DD-MON-YY DD-MON-YYYY ( ).
TO_CHAR.
Ora le 10g . 349
SQL
349
. 5.21.
TO_DATE(<date-string> [,<format-string>)
<date-string> , , <format-string> , Ora le, .
TO_DATE.
TO_DATE('January 10, 2006', 'Month DD, YYYY')

TO_DATE('10/17/2004 10:27:48', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI:SS')
TO_DATE('7.14.03', 'MM.DD.YY')
TO_DATE('2006/9/23','YYYY/MM/DD')
TO_DATE('10-OCT-2006')
.
, ,
(DD), (YYYY).
,
. .
, , Ora le
.
. 5.6. . 5.7
, .
Ora le 10g . 350
350
5.
. 5.22.
5.6.
,
CC
YYYY, YYY,
YY,Y, RR
MONTH,
Month, MON,
Mon
MM
WW, W
DDD, DD, D
DAY, Day,
DY, Dy

20, 21
1, 2, 3 4
, ,
2006, 006, 06, 6
, .
RR
, JANUARY,
Jan .
uary, JAN Jan
/

01, 02, . . . , 12
0152; 15
,

,

,

: ,
SUNDAY, Sunday,
, SUN, Sun
,

Ora le 10g . 351
SQL
,
5.7.
HH24, HH
MI
SS
-

351
/ ; , : .
23, 11
24- 12-

: 059

. : 059
,
DD-MON-YYYY;

HH:MM:SS;
(, ,
YYYY/MM/DD
, ,
, )
(AM, A.M.)
12:45 P.M.
(PM, P.M.)
AM, A.M., PM,

P.M.
AD, BC, A.D., (BC, B.C.) 1452 B.C.
B.C.
(AD, A.D.)
TH
1ST, 2ND, 3RD
15TH
SP

DDSP FIFTEEN (
TZR
15)
PST, EST
, . , , , ,
, .
, .
TO_DATE , .
1. SQL*Plus, Ora le .
2. :
SELECT TO_DATE('January 10, 2006','MONTH DD, YYYY') AS "Date-1",

TO_DATE('10/17/1999 14:23:39', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI:SS')
AS "Date-2"
FROM DUAL;
Ora le 10g . 352
352
5.
,
Ora le:DD-MON-YY. , , .
. , ,
(, ,
, ),
DUAL.
3. . 2 SELECT,
TO_DATE TO_CHAR. , /. :
SELECT TO_CHAR(TO_DATE('January 10, 2006','MONTH DD, YYYY'),

'MM/DD/YYYY HH:MI:SS AM') AS "Date-1",
TO_CHAR(TO_DATE('10/17/1999 14:23:39', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI:SS'),
'Month DD, YYYY HH:MI:SS AM')
AS "Date-2"
FROM DUAL;
. 5.23.
4. ,
Redwood Realty .
CLEAR SCREEN
SELECT TO_DATE('01/01/'||YearBuilt, 'MM/DD/YYYY') AS "Computed",
YearBuilt AS "Data Col".
FROM Properties
WHERE YearBuilt > 1994 AND UPPER(City) = 'MCKINLEYVILLE';
. 5.24.
, 01/01 .
SQL*Plus.
TO_DATE TO_CHAR .
. INSERT , TO_CHAR
VALUES.
TO_NUMBER
TO_NUMBER :
TO_NUMBER(<str> [,<format-string>)
Ora le 10g . 353
SQL
. 5.23.
353
TO_DATE
. 5.24.
<str> (, ..), . TO_CHAR TO_DATE,

TO_NUMBER , , .
, . 5.5. , StreetNumber , 400
.
SELECT TO_NUMBER(StreetNumber) + 400

FROM DUAL;

Ora le , . DECODE, NVL, NVL2, TRANSLATE CASE, .
CASE 4 (
CASE), .
Ora le 10g . 354
354
5.
DECODE
Ora le DECODE,
, , IF-THEN-ELSE SQL, PL/SQL. DECODE :
DECODE(<value>, <sear h-value1>, <result1>,

[<sear h-value2>, <result2>,... <default-result>)
<value> <sear h-value1>. <value> <sear hvalue1> , Ora le <result1>.
<sear h-value1> () <sear h-value>/<result>, <value>
<sear h-value>. ,
<sear h-value>.
, <default-result>,
. <default-result> , NULL. DECODE.
SELECT DECODE(YearInS hool,1,'Freshman',2,'Sophomore',3,'Junior',
4,'Senior')
FROM S hoolData;
SELECT InventoryID, ItemName,
DECODE(InventoryStatus,
0,'Ba kordered',
1,'Available',
2,'Near reorder point',
'Unknown')
FROM Inventory;
DECODE YearInS hool (1, 2, 3
4) Freshman (), Sophomore
(), Junior () Senior () . , , .
, , .
InventoryStatus NULL ,
0, 1 2, DECODE Unknown.
NVL NVL2
NVL NULL NULL . NVL2

, NULL
, NULL. NVL
:
NVL(<input>,<value>)
Ora le 10g . 355
SQL
355
<input> , <value> , ,
NULL. , <value> . <input> , , <value>. , ,
Ora le ORA-01722: invalid number.
SELECT NVL(BidPri e,'Null BidPri e') FROM CustAgentList;

, TO_CHAR BidPri e ,
Null BidPri e NVL.
SELECT NVL(TO_CHAR(BidPri e),'Null BidPri e')FROM CustAgentList;

NVL ,
NULL. ,
NULL -
NULL. , NVL , ,
, (
NULL).
SELECT, , BasePay (),
NULL, In entive () NULL.
SELECT BasePay+In entive FROM Employees;

, NVL, , Em+ployees NULL, 0.
, , NULL.
, SELECT :
SELECT BasePay+NVL(In entive,0) AS Compensation FROM Employees;

NVL2 Ora le , , . :
NVL2(<input>,<value-if-not-null>,<value-if-null>)
,
<input> NULL, <input> NULL.

NVL
<input>.
TRANSLATE
TRANSLATE
.
. TRANSLATE .
Ora le 10g . 356
356
5.
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370
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386
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387
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START <s riptfilename>.
, , HTML-, .
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AgentID. <>Ch05Prob1S ript1.sql.
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COLUMN Stat4 FORMAT 999 HEADING 'Count'
SELECT ListingAgentID "Agent ID",
MIN(AskingPri e) AS "Stat1",
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MAX(AskingPri e) AS "Stat3",
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Ora le 10g . 388
388
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SPOOL C:\<>\<>Ch05Prob1Part1.txt
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WHERE UPPER(City) = 'BLUE LAKE'
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COLUMN StateName FORMAT A14
HEADING 'State'
COLUMN Population FORMAT 99,999,999
HEADING 'Population'
COLUMN LandArea FORMAT 999,999
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COLUMN Density FORMAT 99,999
HEADING 'Density'
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Ora le 10g . 390
390
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HEADING 'Pri e'
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FROM Agents
WHERE AgentID IN (SELECT AgentID FROM CustAgentList
WHERE CustomerID IN (SELECT CustomerID
FROM Customers
WHERE City = 'Ori k'));
4. ,
, .. ,
. (: ,
, .
SQL*Plus .)
SELECT DISTINCT a.FirstName, a.LastName

FROM Agents a JOIN CustAgentList USING (AgentID)
WHERE .Conta tReason = 'Sell'
AND .CustomerID IN (SELECT CustomerID FROM CUSTOMERS
WHERE UPPER(City) = 'ORICK');
. 6.18.
, ,
. , .

ANY ALL
ANY ALL . ANY ALL

(>, >=, <, <=, = <>).
, , ANY ALL . . 6.3
ANY ALL, .
ANY ALL, Redwood Realty AgentsHR.
, , ,
, , , , Redwood
Ora le 10g . 429
. 6.18.
6.3.
=ANY
<ANY
>ANY
>ALL
<ALL
429
IN
ANY ALL
, .
, IN
,
,
,
,
Realty. ,
, ,
. , Ch06AgentsHR.sql.

.
Redwood Realty,
.
Ora le 10g . 430
430
6.
(
)
. 6.19.
AgentsHR
1. SQL*Plus ,
Ch06AgentsHR.sql.
<path>
START <path>\Ch06AgentsHR
Ora le .
2. ,
.
CLEAR SCREEN
DESCRIBE AgentsHR
SELECT * FROM AgentsHR;
, . 6.19.
.
ANY ALL
.
, , ,
10. , , ,
Ora le 10g . 431
431
. ,
ALL.
ANY ALL, .
1. , , SQL*Plus :
CLEAR SCREEN
COLUMN BaseSalary FORMAT $9,999
SELECT AgentID, BaseSalary, Team
FROM AgentsHR
WHERE BaseSalary >ALL (SELECT BaseSalary
FROM AgentsHR
WHERE Team = 10);
Ora le , , 5 32
.
2. , ( ,
), 10, 10. SELECT, >ALL >ANY, WHERE AND Team <> 10
. SELECT :
SELECT AgentID, BaseSalary, Team

FROM AgentsHR
WHERE BaseSalary >ANY (SELECT BaseSalary modified line
FROM AgentsHR
WHERE Team = 10)
AND Team <> 10; modified line
Ora le , , 10,
(. 6.20).
3. SQL*Plus .
10, ,
. Agents AgentsHR, , . , SELECT, . ,
,
. ,
, .
Ora le 10g . 432
432
6.
. 6.20.
ALL ANY
. 6.21.
ALL
,
, .
1. , , SELECT:
Ora le 10g . 433
433
CLEAR SCREEN
COLUMN Agent FORMAT A22 HEADING 'Agent''s Name'
COLUMN BaseSalary FORMAT $9,999 HEADING 'Base|Salary'
COLUMN TeamMax FORMAT $9,999 HEADING 'Team 10|Max. Salary'
2. . , .
, SQL*Plus .
SELECT FirstName || ' ' || LastName AS Agent, BaseSalary,

(SELECT MAX(BaseSalary)
FROM AgentsHR
WHERE Team = 10) AS TeamMax, Team
FROM Agents INNER JOIN AgentsHR USING (AgentID)
WHERE BaseSalary >ALL (SELECT BaseSalary
FROM AgentsHR
WHERE Team = 10);
Ora le , . 1 ,
- , ,
. , . 6.21.
CLEAR COLUMNS, .
4. exit <Enter>, Ora le SQL*Plus.
3.
5. , , .

, .
, Ora le
.
, , . , , ,
,
. , , , , ,
, .
SELECT *
FROM AgentsHr outer
WHERE outer.Va ation >
(SELECT AVG(Va ation)
FROM AgentsHR inner
WHERE outer.Team = inner.team)
ORDER BY Team;
Ora le 10g . 434
434
6.
. Ora le
(SELECT *...).
(outer.Team inner.Team). Ora le ,
. Ora le . ,
, , , . , ,
, .
1 000 ,
1 000 . , , 1 000 ,
1 000 1 000 = 1 000 000 !
, . , .

: , , ?
,
. ,
.
. SQL*Plus , . , ,
Listings Properties, AskingPri e City . ,
.
, : (Loleta), (Ori k)
(Trinidad). , -,
194 .
, .
1. , SQL*Plus
. .
CLEAR SCREEN
COLUMN AskingPri e FORMAT $9,999,999
Ora le 10g . 435
.
6.22.
435
2. SQL*Plus,
,
:
SELECT PropertyID, p1.Address, p1.City, l1.AskingPri e

FROM Properties p1 INNER JOIN Listings l1 USING(PropertyID)
WHERE l1.AskingPri e >
(SELECT AVG(AskingPri e)
FROM Properties p2 INNER JOIN Listings l2
USING(PropertyID)
WHERE p1.City = p2.City)
AND p1.City IN ('Loleta', 'Ori k', 'Trinidad')
ORDER BY 3 ASC,4 DESC;
. 6.22 ,
.
3. ,
CLEAR COLUMNS

LECT:
WHERE p1.City = p2.City
WHERE SE-
, . , AskingPri e .
Proper-
Ora le 10g . 436
436
6.
ties Listings, . .
,
, .
,
, .
,
, 29 .
, , .
1. , SQL*Plus :
CLEAR SCREEN
SET PAGESIZE 30
COLUMN BaseSalary FORMAT $9,999 HEADING 'Base|Salary'
BREAK ON Team SKIP 1
2. :
SELECT Poss.Team, Poss.AgentID, Poss.BaseSalary

FROM AgentsHR Poss
WHERE BaseSalary >
(SELECT AVG(BaseSalary)
FROM AgentsHR Aver
WHERE Poss.Team = Aver.Team)
ORDER BY 1,2;
Ora le , ,
.
. 6.23.
3. , ,
:
CLEAR BREAKS
CLEAR COLUMNS
SET PAGESIZE 14
4. , . , SQL*Plus.
EXISTS
EXISTS ,
. , EXISTS true,
false. EXISTS , ,
Ora le 10g . 437
437
. 6.23. , ,

.
, EXISTS , (.. ).
NOT EXISTS, ,
, . EXISTS ,
. '1' 'X'
NULL. EXISTS
.
SELECT <outer sele t list>

FROM <outer table>
WHERE EXISTS
(SELECT 'X'
FROM <inner table> inner
WHERE <outer table. olumnname> = <inner table. olumn name>);
EXISTS
, - , , .
EXISTS, , -
Ora le 10g . 438
438
6.
,
- ,
Listings.
, Redwood Realty Agents Listings ( , ,
).
SELECT LastName, FirstName, 'No Listings' AS "Situation"

FROM Agents
WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 'X'
FROM Listings
WHERE AgentID = ListingAgentID);
, 'X',
EXISTS ( NOT
EXISTS), . , , ,
, . NOT
EXISTS : ,
AgentID Listings? .
( ).
,
EXISTS, .
CLEAR SCREEN, SQL*Plus.
2. SELECT .
,
.
SELECT COUNT(*) AS "Customers w/o agents"

FROM Customers outer
WHERE NOT EXISTS
(SELECT 'X'
FROM CustAgentList inner
WHERE outer.CustomerID = inner.CustomerID);
1745, , 1 745 , Customers, ,
Agents.
3. , , ( Properties). . ( ,
.)
SELECT COUNT(LastName) AS "Customers w/o properties"

FROM Customers
WHERE NOT EXISTS
(SELECT 123
Ora le 10g . 439
439
FROM Properties
WHERE CustomerID = OwnerID);
123, .
, ,
EXISTS .
4. , Li ensed.
EXISTS. :
SELECT FirstName, LastName, AgentID

FROM Agents a
WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 'X'
FROM Li enseStatus b
WHERE a.Li enseStatusID = b.Li enseStatusID
AND UPPER(StatusText) <> 'LICENSED')
, . 6.24.
5. , .
SQL*Plus.
DML-
SELECT, DML3 - ( INSERT, DELETE UPDATE). , DELETE Agents,

Listings. ( , ,
!)
DELETE
FROM Agents
WHERE NOT EXISTS
(SELECT 'X' FROM Listings
WHERE AgentID = ListingAgentID);
, AgentID, ,
ListingAgentID Listings. , . ,
(Susan Swarthmore, George Nagy Robert Sellsmore)
3
Ora le 10g . 440
440
6.
,

"Licensed"
. 6.24.
EXISTS
Agents. , - , ,
, .
. , ALTER TABLE SELECT
AgentsHR, , BirthDate Agents.
, ,
.
REM AgentsHR ,
REM BirthDate:
ALTER TABLE AgentsHR
ADD (BirthDate DATE);
REM
UPDATE AgentsHR hr
SET BirthDate = (SELECT BirthDate
FROM Agents ag
WHERE hr.AgentID = ag.AgentID);
Ora le 10g . 441
441

,
. ,
, . . Ora le , .
Ora le SELECT
DML-, . ,
, : FROM
SELECT , .
, . ,
DML-, INSERT, UPDATE DELETE. ( .)
, . , user_tables.
, user_sequen es
,
user_triggers .
, . , DML ,
. , ,
.
SELECT, ,
, .
,
. , .

, , .
Ora le 10g . 442
442
6.
. .
SELECT, , ,
.
.
, , .
,
, .
, , (dis retionary a ess ontrol). , .
, , , ,
, .. ,
, .
, , ,
, .
,
. ( olumn subset view), , , .
. (row subset view)
, . SELECT
WHERE, ,
.
: .
,
, GROUP BY DISTINCT
. .
.
Ora le 10g . 443
443
() ,
CREATE VIEW. :
CREATE [OR REPLACE [FORCE | NOFORCE VIEW <view-name>

[(< olumn-name>,...,< olumn-name>)
AS <subquery>
[WITH CHECK OPTION [CONSTRAINT < onstraint-name>
[WITH READ ONLY;
OR REPLACE ,
, ,
Ora le .
, ,
. FORCE
. NOFORCE ( ) ,
, . <view-name>
, < olumn-name> ,
. <subquery> , . WITH CHECK OPTION , , , , WHERE .
WITH CHECK OPTION, Ora le , ,
. READ ONLY ,
(, ).
< onstraint-name> WITH CHECK OPTION.
.
Agents , , -.
, WITH READ ONLY ( )
Agents.
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW MaleEmployees

AS SELECT *
FROM Agents
WHERE Gender = 'M'
WITH READ ONLY;
MaleEmployees. , Agents.
SQL*Plus DESCRIBE, .
Ora le 10g . 444
444
6.
, , . , CREATE
VIEW Agents.
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW Employees

AS SELECT AgentID, FirstName, LastName, Title
FROM Agents;

FirstName, LastName Title.
AgentID,
,
. ,
, . SELECT,
, ,
, SELECT,
WHERE, GROUP BY, HAVING ORDER BY. SELECT, Employees,
.
SELECT LastName || ', ' || FirstName, Title

FROM Employees
WHERE Title = 'Broker'
ORDER BY 1;
Employees
( ), Title
( Broker). Ora le
.
! , ,
, . SQL*Plus
Ora le. , ,
SQL.
,
.
1.
2. , SQL*Plus ,
Brokers ,
, (Title) Broker.
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW Brokers

AS SELECT *
FROM Agents
WHERE UPPER(Title) = 'BROKER'
WITH CHECK OPTION;
Ora le , .
Ora le 10g . 445
445
. 6.25.
3. , ,
Broker. ,
NonBrokers:
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW NonBrokers

AS SELECT AgentID, LastName, FirstName, BirthDate
Gender, HireDate, Title, TaxID
FROM Agents
WHERE UPPER(Title) <> 'BROKER'
WITH CHECK OPTION;
Ora le , .
4. , NonBrokers:
DESCRIBE NonBrokers
Ora le NonBrokers. , . 6.25.
5. , ,
:
CLEAR SCREEN
COLUMN Title FORMAT A12
FROM NonBrokers
. 6.26.
Ora le 10g . 446
446
6.
. 6.26.
NonBrokers
Ora le 23 NonBrokers, Agents.

Title Broker, . PAGESIZE , 14,
.
, , VIEW . , .
,
, .
1. SQL*Plus ( ,
SQL*Plus):
CLEAR SCREEN
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW
Cust (CustNo, LName, FName, Addr, City, St, Zip)
AS SELECT CustomerID, LastName, FirstName,
Address, City, State, Zip ode
FROM Customers;
Ora le 10g . 447
447
. 6.27.
2. <Enter>,
:
DESCRIBE Cust
. 6.27.
.
3.
exit <Enter>, SQL*Plus Ora le.
DML-, , , . ,
, . WITH READ ONLY, Ora le DML
. DML-,
WITH READ OPTION. , , , WITH CHECK OPTION, ,
, . , ,
Brokers, Title Salesperson, Ora le ORA-01402: view
WITH CHECK OPTION where- lause violation (ORA-01402: where WITH CHECK OPTION ).
, , , .
Ora le 10g . 448
448
6.
DML-
. WITH READ ONLY, DML :
. , , (1) PRIMARY KEY; (2) NOT NULL;
(3) UNIQUE; (4) FOREIGN KEY (5) WITH CHECK OPTION.
DML- , .
, ,
.
1. SQL*Plus, Ora le , . CLEAR SCREEN,
SQL*Plus.
2. ,
Brokers:
INSERT INTO Brokers (AgentID, LastName, FirstName, Title)

VALUES (87654, 'Foxworthy', 'Robert', 'Salesperson');
Ora le INSERT,
Brokers , Title
Broker.
3. , , Cust,
:
INSERT INTO Cust (CustNo, FName, LName, Addr, City)

VALUES (76543,'Allison', 'Honey utt', '123 Main','Loleta');
4. INSERT (
ZIP). , UPDATE. ( WHERE ,
,
.)
UPDATE Cust
SET St = 'CA', Zip = '95551'
WHERE CustNo = 76543;
5. , :
COMMIT;
6. , :
SELECT CustNo, FName, LName, City, St, Zip

FROM Cust
Ora le 10g . 449
449
. 6.28. DML-
7.
DELETE FROM Cust

. 6.28.
CREATE VIEW,
. , , ,
GROUP BY DISTINCT
. . ,
,
DML-.
Ora le 10g . 450
450
6.
, , ,
DML-.
, Agents, DML. , SQL*Plus.

DML-, .
1. SQL*Plus , ,
Agents, :
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW AgentView AS

SELECT AgentID, FirstName, LastName,
BirthDate, (SYSDATE-BirthDate)/365.25 AS Age
FROM Agents;
2. ,
:
UPDATE AgentView
SET BirthDate = TO_DATE('10/17/1962', 'MM/DD/YYYY')
WHERE Agentid = 10041;
Ora le , .
3. ,
:
UPDATE AgentView
SET AGE = 50 WHERE Agentid = 10041;
Ora le
ORA-01733: virtual olumn not allowed here

4. , :
ROLLBACK;
. 6.29.
ROLLBACK, , 2.
, CREATE VIEW DDL-. , Ora le
() . , , , .
, , ,
100% . ,
, .
Ora le 10g . 451
451
. 6.29.
,
.
, , . .
, . , ,
. , .
, , ( ), . , Ora le (, , ..) (user_tables,
user_sequen es, user_views ..). ,
MyOwnObje ts, .
,
.
1. SQL*Plus,
2. ,
MyOwnObje ts:
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW MyOwnObje ts (ObjType, ObjName) AS

SELECT 'Table', Table_Name FROM User_Tables
Ora le 10g . 452
452
6.
,
,
. 6.30. , ,

WHERE Table_Name NOT LIKE 'BIN%'

UNION
SELECT 'View', View_Name FROM User_Views
UNION
SELECT 'Sequen e', Sequen e_Name FROM User_Sequen es
UNION
SELECT 'Trigger', Trigger_Name FROM User_Triggers;
Ora le ,
.
3. , :
SELECT ObjType, ObjName

FROM MyOwnObje ts
ORDER BY 1,2;
Ora le , ,
, , MyOwnView (. 6.30).
, , , , -
. , -
Ora le 10g . 453
453
, .
, SELECT. ForSale, , , ,
. Agents, CustAgentList, Listings,
Properties Customers. CREATE VIEW
, . , , ,
. , , .
, . ,
SQL*Plus Ora le.
,
, .
1. CLEAR
SQL*Plus.
SCREEN <Enter>,
2. , , :
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW

ForSale(AgID, AgentFirst, AgentLast, Bid, Ask,
Addr, City, Br, Ba, Ft,
SellerFirst, SellerLast) AS
SELECT
a.AgentID, a.FirstName, a.LastName, b.BidPri e, .AskingPri e,
d.Address, d.City, d.Bedrooms, d.Bathrooms, d.SqFt,
e.FirstName, e.LastName
FROM Agents a
INNER JOIN CustAgentList b ON a.AgentID = b.AgentID
INNER JOIN Listings ON b.ListingID = .ListingID
INNER JOIN Properties d ON .PropertyID = d.PropertyID
INNER JOIN Customers e ON d.OwnerID = e.CustomerID
WHERE b.Conta tReason = 'Sell';
Ora le , .
, , .
3. ForSale, , , (AgID, AgentFirst, Br ..).
SQL*Plus, :
COLUMN
COLUMN
COLUMN
COLUMN
Asking FORMAT $9,999,999

Addr FORMAT A25
City FORMAT A10
SellerLast FORMAT A14
Ora le 10g . 454
454
6.
,

ForSale
. 6.31. ,
COLUMN Br FORMAT 99
COLUMN Ba FORMAT 99
COLUMN Ft FORMAT 9,999
4.
SQL*Plus :
ForSale,
SELECT SellerLast, Ask AS "Asking", Addr, City, Br, Ba, Ft

FROM ForSale
WHERE Ask > 400000
ORDER BY Ask DESC;
Ora le , . . 6.31.
5. SQL*Plus exit <Enter>, Ora le
SQL*Plus.
.
Ora le 10g . 455
455
, , ,
, . , CoffeeMer hant SELECT Mer handise,
, CoffeeMer hant. , , (, ).
SELECT *
FROM CoffeeMer hant.Mer handise;
, (
).
, :
, .
.
, CREATE SYNONYM (,
CREATE SYNONYM).
:
CREATE SYNONYM <synonym-name> FOR <qualified-name>;

, , CREATE SYNONYM SELECT
. MyCoffee, :
CREATE SYNONYM MyCoffee FOR CoffeeMer hant.Mer handise;

, SELECT, ,
. , Mer handise, CoffeeMer hant.
12.
SELECT * FROM MyCoffee;

Ora le . ,
( ) user_views.
all_views
, , , -
Ora le 10g . 456
456
6.
6.4.

view_name
text_length
text
user_views

VARCHAR2(30)
NUMBER

LONG
,
(), . ,
DESCRIBE, , .
user_views . . 6.4 .
.

, .
1. SQL*Plus, Ora le .
2. ,
:
SET PAGESIZE 50
COLUMN view_name FORMAT A15
COLUMN text_length FORMAT 99,999
COLUMN text FORMAT A40 WRAPPED
3. , :
SELECT view_name, text_length, text

FROM user_views
ORDER BY view_name;
Ora le (. 6.32).
4. ,
:
CLEAR COLUMNS
SET PAGESIZE 14
, ,
, . 3, . : , , Ora le
, , .
SELECT view_name, text_length, text

FROM all_views
ORDER BY view_name;
Ora le 10g . 457
457
. 6.32.
1 500 .
all_views, WHERE.

DROP VIEW <view-name>

, , .
, . , MyOwnObje ts,
, . , :
SELECT *
FROM MyOwnObje ts
WHERE LOWER(ObjType) = 'view';
Ora le 10g . 458
458
6.
. 6.33.
, ,
, .
1. SQL*Plus :
CLEAR SCREEN
SELECT *
FROM MyOwnObje ts
WHERE LOWER(ObjType) = 'view';
Ora le , .
2. , :
DROP
DROP
DROP
DROP
DROP
DROP
VIEW
VIEW
VIEW
VIEW
VIEW
VIEW
AgentView;
Brokers;
Cust;
ForSale;
MyOwnObje ts;
NonBrokers;
Ora le (. 6.33).
SQL*Plus.
Ora le 10g . 459
459
SELECT . FROM ON, ,

. , ( =).
, ,
. ,
FROM.
, .
, .
, ,
NULL. -
, (
).
UNION, UNION ALL, MINUS INTERSECT
SELECT. UNION
UNION ALL , . UNION ALL
, UNION . MINUS
, SELECT,
. INTERSECT SELECT
, .
,
, ,
. ; . ,
, .
, FROM ( ), WHERE SELECT (
) DML-, CREATE TABLE.
ANY ALL WHERE,
, - , .
SELECT,
. , .
, .
Ora le 10g . 460
460
6.
( ),
.

EXISTS
Ora le 10g . 461
461
1.
.
2.
.
3.
DDL-.
FROM SELECT -
4. EXISTS TRUE
FALSE.
5. , ,
, /
.

1. ______ , .
2.
, , ______ .
3. ______ .
4. _____ , , .
5. , ______.

1. FROM
People Sales PeopleID, ?
Ora le 10g . 462
462
6.
FROM
) FROM
) FROM
) FROM
People JOIN Sales BY People. PeopleID IN Sales.PeopleID

Sales JOIN People USING PeopleID = PeopleID
People p JOIN Sales s ON PeopleID = PeopleID
Sales JOIN People USING (PeopleID)
2. WHERE Employee Sales,
(EmpID Employee EmployeeID Sales)?
) FROM Employee RIGHT OUTER JOIN Sales ON EmpID = EmployeeID
) FROM Employee LEFT OUTER JOIN Sales ON EmpID = EmployeeID
) FROM Employee FULL OUTER JOIN Sales ON EmpID = EmployeeID
) FROM Employee INNER JOIN Sales ON EmpID = EmployeeID
3. WHERE ,
BaseSalary BaseSalary
)
?
) WHERE
BaseSalary
) WHERE BaseSalary
) WHERE BaseSalary
) WHERE BaseSalary
>= ALL (SELECT BaseSalary FROM AgentsHR).

>=ANY (SELECT BaseSalary FROM AgentsHR).
<=ALL (SELECT BaseSalary FROM AgentsHR).
<=ANY (SELECT BaseSalary FROM AgentsHR).
) .
4. ?
) CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW Someone AS SELECT *
FROM Agents;.
) CREATE VIEW Someone AS SELECT * FROM Agents WHERE AgentID > 13000;.
) CREATE VIEW Someone (F1,F2) AS SELECT HireDate FROM Agents;.
) CREATE VIEW Someone (AgID) AS (SELECT AgentID FROM Agents);.
) .
5. ( ) ?
) SELECT view_name FROM user_views;.
SELECT view_name FROM all_views;.

) SELECT view_name FROM views;.
) SELECT viewname FROM userviews;.
) .
Ora le 10g . 463
463
1. Readwood Realty
.
,
Listings. , 1620 , 300 ; 2130 600 ; , 30 ,
1 000 . , .
INNER JOIN, (> < =).
, , ,
SQL*Plus. , .
. <>Ch06Prob1Part1.sql.
, SQL*Plus . -
Ch06BuildBonus.sql ( Chapter06) .
.
1. ,
, <path>
<>.
REM <>
CLEAR SCREEN
START <path>\Ch06BuildBonus.sql
2. ,
BonusS hedule:
SELECT * FROM BonusS hedule;

3. , :
SET PAGESIZE 35
COLUMN Bonus FORMAT $9,999
SELECT a.LastName, a.ListCount, b.Bonus
FROM (SELECT AgentID, LastName, COUNT(*) as
ListCount
FROM Agents INNER JOIN Listings
ON AgentID = ListingAgentID
GROUP BY AgentID, LastName) a
INNER JOIN BonusS hedule b
ON a.ListCount BETWEEN b.LowLimit
AND b.HighLimit
ORDER BY b.Bonus DESC, a.LastName ASC;
Ora le 10g . 464
464
6.
4. ,
.
<> <path>.
SPOOL <path>\<>Ch06Prob1P1-spool.txt
SHOW USER
/
SPOOL OFF
5.
, :
CLEAR COLUMNS
SET PAGESIZE 14
DROP TABLE BonusS hedule CASCADE CONSTRAINTS
PURGE;
6. , .
, 4.
, Redwood Realty,
(SaleStatus) Sold. ,
<>Ch06Prob1Part2.sql SQL*Plus, . .
7. ,
<>:
REM <>
CLEAR SCREEN
CLEAR COLUMNS
COLUMN Owner FORMAT A15
8. ,
:
SELECT p.City, p.Address, p.PropertyID,

.LastName AS "Owner"
FROM Properties p INNER JOIN Customers
ON p.OwnerID = .CustomerID
WHERE PropertyID IN
(SELECT PropertyID
FROM Listings
WHERE SaleStatusID = (SELECT
SaleStatusID
FROM SaleStatus
WHERE SaleStatus
= 'Sold')
)
ORDER BY 1,2;
9. . .
Ora le 10g . 465
465
, MyListings, . ,
<>Ch06Prob1Part3.sql SQL*Plus ( ). .
. <> .
SPOOL <path><>Ch06Prob1Part3-spoolfile.txt
REM <>
CLEAR SCREEN
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW MyListings (Agent,
Addr, City, Pri e) AS
SELECT LastName, Address, City, AskingPri e
FROM Agents INNER JOIN Listings ON
AgentID = ListingAgentID
INNER JOIN Properties USING (PropertyID)
ORDER BY LastName, City;
REM
DESCRIBE MyListings
REM
REM
SELECT Agent, City, Pri e
FROM MyListings
WHERE UPPER(Agent) = 'CARLING'
ORDER BY City, Pri e DESC;
1. , , :
DROP VIEW MyListings;

SPOOL OFF
2. , , . .
3. SQL*Plus
SQL*Plus.
exit <Enter>, Ora le
2. Coffee Mer hant
Coffee Mer hant .

1. SQL*Plus, Ora le . <>Ch06Problem2Part1.sql, <> .
,
SQL*Plus . ,
.
2. Coffee Mer hant,
. Coffee Mer-
Ora le 10g . 466
466
6.
hant , , . , BuildCoffee.sql.
( CoffeeMer hant -, .) START, <path>
BuildCoffee.sql.
START <path>\CoffeeMer hant\BuildCoffee

Ora le Coffee Mer hants .
3. , ( <> ).
SPOOL C:\<>Ch06Prob2Part1.txt
4. , , .
, , ,
. <> .
CLEAR SCREEN
REM <>
COLUMN CNAME FORMAT A20 HEADING 'NAME'
COLUMN Street FORMAT A30
COLUMN Zip ode FORMAT A5 HEADING 'ZIP'
SET PAGESIZE 40
SELECT a.FirstName || ' ' || a.LastName AS
CNAME, a.Street,
a.City, a.State, a.Zip ode
FROM Consumers a
JOIN Orders b USING (ConsumerID)
JOIN OrderLines USING (OrderID)
JOIN Inventory d USING
(InventoryID)
JOIN Countries e USING (CountryID)
WHERE UPPER(e.CountryName) LIKE 'YEM%'
AND UPPER(d.ItemType) = 'C'
ORDER BY a.Zip ode;
5. SQL*Plus ,
:
SPOOL OFF
CLEAR COLUMNS
SET PAGESIZE 14
6.
<Ctrl+N>, , 2.

, 2005 .
Ora le 10g . 467
467
.
, .
1. , ( <>).
2. , , <> .
<>Ch06Problem2Part2.sql SQL*Plus .
REM <>
REM (Customers) 2005
CLEAR SCREEN
COLUMN OrderID FORMAT 999999
COLUMN CNAME FORMAT A30
COLUMN Total FORMAT $99,999.99
SET PAGESIZE 80
3. SQL*Plus,
SQL*Plus :
SELECT OrderID, a.FirstName || ' ' ||

a.LastName AS "CNAME",
SUM( .Quantity* .Pri e*(1 .Dis ount)) AS "Total"
FROM Consumers a JOIN Orders b USING
(ConsumerID)
JOIN OrderLines USING
(OrderID)
WHERE b.OrderDate BETWEEN '01-OCT-05' AND
'31-OCT-05'
GROUP BY OrderID, a.FirstName, a.LastName
ORDER BY "Total" DESC;
SPOOL OFF
CLEAR COLUMNS
4. , , .
<Ctrl+N>, .
5. ,
(Hillary Flintsteel). ,
, <> .
<>Ch06Problem2Part3.sql
SQL*Plus .
REM <>
REM ?
CLEAR SCREEN
Ora le 10g . 468
468
6.
COLUMN Street FORMAT A27 WORD_WRAP

COLUMN City FORMAT A15 WORD_WRAP
COLUMN Zip ode FORMAT A05 HEADING 'ZIP'
SET PAGESIZE 55
6. SQL SQL*Plus
. SQL*Plus .
SELECT DISTINCT .FirstName, .LastName, .Street,

.City, .State, .Zip ode
FROM Consumers JOIN Orders USING (ConsumerID)
JOIN Employees USING
(EmployeeID)
WHERE EmployeeID = (SELECT EmployeeID
FROM Employees
WHERE LOWER(LastName)
LIKE 'flint%')
ORDER BY .Zip ode;
SPOOL OFF
CLEAR COLUMNS
SET PAGESIZE 14
7. SQL*Plus .
8. .
3. Rowing Ventures
SQL .
,
.
SQL*Plus, Ora le BuildRowing.sql,
RowingVentures -.
-, .
1. , Rowing Ventures Boat,
BoatCrew Person. : BoatCategory, BowNumber, Position, LastName Firstname (
).
BoatCategory, BowNumber Position.
COLUMN,
30 , ( ) , . Position Cox ()
0. 18. : BoatCategory (SKIP PAGE), BowNumber (SKIP 1
DUP). .
Ora le 10g . 469
469
2. , ,
, (Ted Simpson). (.
BoatCrew Person, ,
, , BoatID.)
, .
. ,
.
3. , ( ) RowerOrganizations. , (OrganizationName). : Person, BoatCrew, Boat Organization.
OrganizationName, FirstName LastName ( ). , , ,
. SQL*Plus
. PAGESIZE 60 (), OrganizationName 40 ,
15 . OrganizationName, LastName FirstName.
, (14 ) .
SQL*Plus, Ora le BuildClothing.sql,

Chapter06\Broad loth -.
Conta tInfo Conta t. ( )
FirstName, LastName, Address, City, State, Nation PrimaryLanguage , Nation China, India, Malaysia Thailand.
, SQL*Plus, Nation, City LastName 25 .
, , LastName, City
Nation ( ), Nation, City, LastName (
). .
, Fa toryID, City,
Nation MaxWorkers , ,
MaxWorkers. . . Fa tory. COLUMN
City Nation 15 ;
MaxWorkers ; . -
Ora le 10g . 470
470
6.
Nation, City ( ).
.
.
Ora le 10g . 471
PL/SQL
. . .
PL/SQL
PL/SQL
PL/SQL
, ,

PL/SQL
IF

PL/SQL
PL/SQL Programming Language/Stru tured Query Language

( / ).
SQL Ora le.
PL/SQL , .
, , , SQL PL/SQL. PL/SQL, Ora le
. PL/SQL PL/SQL , . PL/SQL
Ora le 10g . 472
472
7. PL/SQL
SQL*Plus

SQL

SQL
SQL

SQL
SQL
PL/SQL
( SQL)
PL/SQL

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PL/SQL
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. 7.1. SQL PL/SQL
.
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- . . 7.1
SQL PL/SQL Ora le.
PL/SQL
SQL ,
. , ,
SQL ,
.
, .
.

.
.
, .

Ora le 10g . 473
PL/SQL
473
SQL . PL/SQL ,
SQL. Ora le, PL/SQL
.
, , , PL/SQL. , PL/SQL (, Ora le).
. SELECT, PL/SQL
, INSERT, UPDATE DELETE. PL/SQL
, SQL (DDL),
CREATE.
PL/SQL .
PL/SQL Ora le SQL. SQL- . PL/SQL, , SQL, , . PL/SQL . PL/SQL,
SELECT BEGIN END.
PL/SQL Ora le.
PL/SQL Ora le. PL/SQL PL/SQL ,
.
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,
.
. PL/SQL : .
. PL/SQL,
Ora le .
PL/SQL, Ora le
.
.
Ora le 10g . 474
474
7. PL/SQL
PL/SQL Ora le,

SQL; .sql. .
SQL*Plus :
START <____PL/SQL>
, , , ,
.
, .
: ,
.
PL/SQL; .
.
[DECLARE}
BEGIN
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END;
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, . , . ,
. , PL/SQL ,
PL/SQL. , .
, , PL/SQL ,
. . BEGIN END.
PL/SQL SQL. SQL
, PL/SQL
, .
EXCEPTION
, . .
, PL/SQL, . , ,
END, .
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Ora le 10g . 475
475
. 7.2. PL/SQL
, .
PL/SQL . 7.2.

, . 7.2. . , .
/* */ .
. .
. _,
v_. , . PL/SQL ,
, :
<_>.<_>%TYPE
. 7.2 , v_first , LastName Agents ( Agents.LastName).
.
<_> [CONSTANT <_> [NOT NULL

[:= | DEFAULT <_>;
Ora le 10g . 476
476
7. PL/SQL
, v_taxrate 18.75%.
.
v_taxrate NUMBER (4,4) := .1875;

30 (,
) . ,
, PL/SQL. , Ora le , ,
. ,
, _, v_ g_. ,
- PL/SQL.
,
. (, 0,1875) ,
, . ,
. .
PL/SQL: , , (large obje t LOB).
, 6.
. ,
. PL/SQL
Boolean. Boolean
TRUE, FALSE NULL.
NOT NULL, ,
, NULL. ,
;
Ora le .
:= ,
.
NULL.

BEGIN .
, ,
PL/SQL. SELECT, . PL/SQL
Ora le 10g . 477
477
SELECT, INTO, ,
. .
, SELECT .
SELECT
INTO
FROM
WHERE
<__1> [,<__2>, ...

<__1> [, <__2>,...
<_> | <_>
<>;
PL/SQL SELECT, Ora le

, . . . SELECT DML,
, Ora le . . SELECT
, . .
SELECT, , .
.
PL/SQL (. . 7.2) . &AgentLastName :
Enter value for agentlastname:

, (, Carling) <Enter>. WHERE
SELECT. SELECT
. , INTO. ,
Redwood Realty.
(C_date-HireDate)/365.25
Ora le
, PUT_LINE
DBMS_OUTPUT. PL/SQL.
SQL*Plus, SELECT, PL/SQL, . DBMS_OUTPUT, .
Ora le 10g . 478
478
7. PL/SQL
. PL/SQL, . 7.2, , SQL*Plus SERVEROUTPUT, ON.

SQL SET SERVEROUTPUT ON <Enter>.
PUT_LINE (. . 7.2) ,
.
.

PL/SQL
, , . .
. , :
SELECT 12/0
INTO v_numbervar
FROM DUAL;
. PL/SQL EXCEPTION, ,
Ora le PL/SQL . SELECT ,
.
: .
, , , . Ora le. PL/SQL. , , . :
<_> EXCEPTION;
,
. RAISE, :
RAISE <_>;
, , ,
.
.
,
Ora le. ,
NULL.
Ora le 10g . 479
479
7.1. Ora le
Ora le
ORA-0001
ORA-1001
ORA-1403
ORA-1422
ORA-1476
ORA-1722
SELECT INTO

(,
, )
,
ORA-6502
ORA-6511
. 7.1.
OTHERS, . 7.2 , , WHEN
EXCEPTION. , . ,
, PL/SQL.
SQL SQL*Plus. , PL/SQL

, ,
.
, Redwood Realty .
Redwood Realty
PL/SQL, . ,
, . ,
, SQL*Plus. , SQL*Plus
Ora le. . ,
SQL*Plus Ora le.
, .
Ora le 10g . 480
480
7. PL/SQL
1. BuildRedwood.sql Redwood Realty.

. , <_1> .
START <_1>\RedwoodRealty\BuildRedwood
2. . Ch07AgentsHR 7.
, <_2>
.
START <_2>\Ch07AgentsHR
3. , . 7.3.
4. SQL*Plus.

PL/SQL,
( Windows , , ) .
SQL*Plus .
( .sql)
START. .
START C:\AnonymousBlo kExample.sql
C:\AnonymousBlo kExample.sql
Ora le 10g . 481
481
. ,
. , , ,
-, , , -,
, -, PL/SQL.
PL/SQL, ,
Agents . AgentsHR
. , ,
, Ora le,
, .
, ,
. ( ) SQL*Plus.
PL/SQL, .
1. . ,
( DECLARE)
.
DECLARE
v_AvgSal AgentsHR.BaseSalary%TYPE;
v_AvgVa AgentsHR.Va ation%TYPE;
v_Count INTEGER NOT NULL := 0;
v_AvgSalChar VARCHAR2(15);
2. .
,
. ( ,
BEGIN, .
.)
BEGIN
/* , */
SELECT COUNT(AgentID) INTO v_Count FROM Agents;
/* */
SELECT AVG(BaseSalary), AVG(Va ation)
INTO v_AvgSal, v_AvgVa
FROM AgentsHR;
/* */
v_AvgSalChar := TO_CHAR(v_AvgSal, '$99,999.99');
/* */
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Average Salary: '| |v_AvgSalChar);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Average Va ation: '| | v_AvgVa | |
' weeks');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Based on: '| | v_Count | | ' agents');
3. PL/SQL, .
END . ,
Ora le 10g . 482
482
7. PL/SQL
. 7.4. PL/SQL
(/), Ora le ,
SQL*Plus .
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLERRM);
END;
/
4. File , Save As, File name , . ( !) <>AnonBlo kOne.sql,
<> ,
Save as type All Files. Save, . . 7.4 PL/SQL, .
5.
File, Exit, .
, .
. ( , PL/SQL, .)
v_AvgSal
, , BaseSalary
Ora le 10g . 483
483
AgentsHR. , v_AvgVa
,
Va ation AgentsHR. v_Count , , Agents. ,
v_AvgSalChar , .
,
/* */. SELECT
Agents v_Count.
SELECT BaseSalary Va ation.

. , .
.
V_AvgSalChar := TO_CHAR(v_AvgSal, '$99,999.99');

, .
,
(SQLERRM), OTHERS. ,
.
, , , ,
.
PL/SQL , .
END, ,
PL/SQL. Ora le ,
PL/SQL .
SQL*Plus, ,
PL/SQL. ,
.
SQL*Plus
PL/SQL SQL*Plus, . , Ora le
, .
PL/SQL pro edure su essfully ompleted.

PUT_LINE DBMS_OUTPUT (.. ), SERVEROUTPUT SQL*Plus. :
Ora le 10g . 484
484
7. PL/SQL
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
,
.
PL/SQL
PL/SQL,
.
. ;
SQL*Plus Ora le.
PL/SQL,
.
1. . <> , <> .
START <>\<>AnonBlo kOne

, , ,
.
2. , SQL*Plus
OFF. :
SERVEROUTPUT -
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
3. PL/SQL -
SQL*Plus, (/) <Enter>, .
, PL/SQL, , (. 7.5).
SQL*Plus.
,
SELECT
. ,
. -
AgentsHR. ,
SELECT .
Ora le 10g . 485
485
. 7.5. PL/SQL

,
SQL. ,
PL/SQL . , SQL*Plus, START, . PL/SQL,
. ,
.
PL/SQL , Redwood Realty. , ,
,
.
10 14. ,
( ).
PL/SQL
.
1. File, Open, Look in,
, AnonBlo kOne.sql (
, , ). Files of type All Files Anonblo kOne.sql,
.
2. v_AvgVa v_Count
:
v_Team AgentsHR.Team%TYPE;
3. SELECT . v_Team INTO SELECT , SELECT GROUP BY Team -
Ora le 10g . 486
486
7. PL/SQL
PUT_LINE.
, (
).
DECLARE
v_AvgVa AgentsHR.Va ation%TYPE;
v_Team AgentsHR.Team%TYPE;
/* */
v_Count INTEGER NOT NULL := 0;
BEGIN
/* , */
SELECT COUNT(AgentID) INTO v_Count FROM Agents;
/* */
SELECT Team, AVG(BaseSalary), AVG(Va ation) /* */
INTO v_Team, v_AvgSal, v_AvgVa
/* */
FROM AgentsHR
/* */
GROUP BY Team;
/* */
/* */
/* */
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Team: '| |v_Team); /* */
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Average Salary: '| |v_AvgSalChar);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Average Va ation: '| | v_AvgVa | |
' weeks');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Based on: '| | v_Count| | ' agents');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
END;
/
4. : File,
Save As. Save as type, All Files,
File name, <>AnonBlo kTwo.sql ( <> ) Save.
.
5. SQL*Plus ( ), Ora le
.
PL/SQL.
CLEAR SCREEN
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
6. PL/SQL, SQL*Plus. .
7. SQL*Plus, ,
(/), <Enter>, . Ora le
,
(. 7.6).
Ora le 10g . 487
487
SQLERRM -
,

. 7.6.
... more than the requested number of rows

... (... , ...)? , SELECT ( 12 15 . 7.6)
PL/SQL , , . , .

, ,
PL/SQL. WHEN OTHERS.
, . . 7.2. , .
EXCEPTION
WHEN VALUE_ERROR THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Value error was generated.')
WHEN ZERO_DIVIDE THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Code performs a divide by zero.')
WHEN TOO_MANY_ROWS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Query returned more than one row.')
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: '| |SQLERRM)
END;
Ora le 10g . 488
488
7. PL/SQL
7.2.
ACCESS_INTO_NULL

WHEN CASE ELSE
CASE_NOT_FOUND
CURSOR_ALREADY_OPEN ,
INVALID_CURSOR
, NO_DATA_FOUND
ROWTYPE_MISMATCH
TOO_MANY_ROWS
VALUE_ERROR
ZERO_DIVIDE
,
SELECT INTO
PL/SQL
SELECT INTO
, ,
, (,
, PL/SQL
)

WHERE ,
WHERE OTHERS .
PL/SQL , . WHEN
, WHEN OTHERS.
, WHEN OTHERS, ,
.
, PL/SQL. , PL/SQL.
SQL*Plus, .
.
1. SQL*Plus:
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
2.
SQL*Plus. <Enter>, PL/SQL. ,
.
Ora le 10g . 489
489
CLEAR SCREEN
DECLARE
v_TeamNo AgentsHR.Team%TYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT Team INTO v_TeamNo FROM AgentsHR;
SELECT 123/0 INTO v_TeamNo FROM DUAL;
SELECT Team INTO v_TeamNo FROM AgentsHR
WHERE Va ation = 20;
EXCEPTION
WHEN ZERO_DIVIDE THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Divide by zero');
WHEN TOO_MANY_ROWS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Multiple rows returned');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Something else went wrong');
END;
/
Ora le TOO_MANY_ROWS,
Multiple rows returned. Ora le (PL/SQL pro edure su essfully ompleted) .
3. -- , SELECT. . SQL*Plus
<Enter>, .
ZERO_DIVIDE ,
(. 7.7).
4. -- SELECT, .
SQL*Plus <Enter>,
. OTHERS Something else is wrong.
5. exit <Enter>, Ora le SQL*Plus. PL/SQL,
.
6. , .
, , .
TOO_MANY_ROWS ,
Redwood Realty .
Ora le 10g . 490
490
7. PL/SQL
. 7.7.
, PL/SQL SELECT, ,
. , , ,
Ora le PL/SQL , , . , , SELECT.
PL/SQL, SELECT ,
; . SELECT
. , .
. , ,
, .
PL/SQL
PL/SQL ,
, (
, ). ,
Ora le .
PL/SQL , WHILE FOR.
, . WHILE , .
Ora le 10g . 491
491
FOR .
, ,
PL/SQL. ,
EXIT EXIT WHEN. :
LOOP
END LOOP;
EXIT . EXIT WHEN
, , , . ,
, v_Counter
15:
v_Counter := 1;
LOOP
v_Counter := v_Counter + 3;
EXIT WHEN v_Counter > 15;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_Counter);
END LOOP;
PL/SQL,
4, 7, 10 13.
LOOP END LOOP,
. , ,
. EXIT EXIT WHEN
. EXIT WHEN, , ,
.
.
EXIT WHEN EXIT, . , , .
, . EXIT WHEN, ,
. , , , , , EXIT WHEN. ,
, .
/* ! */
v_Counter := 1;
LOOP
v_Counter := v_Counter - 1;
EXIT WHEN v_Counter > 15;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Infinite loop. Help!');
END LOOP;
WHILE ,
:
WHILE
<>
true.
Ora le 10g . 492
492
7. PL/SQL
LOOP
END LOOP:
, ,
v_Counter 15:
v_Counter := 1;
WHILE v_Counter <= 15 LOOP
v_Counter := v_Counter + 3;
END LOOP;
, ,
WHILE (v_Counter <= 15). .
, . , , ,
END LOOP.
FOR .
. ,
, . . FOR
:
FOR
<_>
IN [REVERSE
<_>
..
<_>
LOOP
END LOOP;
(, REVERSE, ).
( ,
REVERSE), .. . , (,
REVERSE, ). , REVERSE
, , ,
. REVERSE, :
, . FOR,
15 . WHILE
FOR .
Ora le 10g . 493
493
FOR v_Counter IN 1..15 LOOP

END LOOP;
v_Counter 1. FOR.
DBMS_OUTPUT, , v_Counter 1 , .. 15.
15, .
, 15.
16. , .. 15.
15, ,
END LOOP.

, ,
. .
SELECT, ,
.

PL/SQL SELECT,
,
. , Ora le ,
. Ora le,
, SELECT. , .
.
1. ,
SELECT.
2.
.
SELECT,
3. . Ora le
(.. ).
Ora le 10g . 494
494
7. PL/SQL
4. PL/SQL. , , ,
.
5. . .
, , .

PL/SQL, ,
. PL/SQL , .
, AnonBlo kTwo.sql,
, .
, SELECT .

, SELECT. ,
. SELECT,
. ,
. PL/SQL, . ,
PL/SQL. :
CURSOR <_>
[ <_>
[RETURN <__>
IS <>
[FOR UPDATE [OF (
<_>
)[NOWAIT;
Ora le. . , . RETURN
, . SELECT.
.
FOR UPDATE , . NOWAIT
, SELECT
.
Ora le 10g . 495
495
,
.
1. , .
. File Save As.
Save as type, All Files
File name. <>AnonCursorOne.sql (<>
) Save.
2. , , , :
DECLARE
v_TeamNo AgentsHR.Team%TYPE;
3. ,
PL/SQL.
v_ ( ursor variable).
SELECT.
CURSOR v_TeamCursor IS
SELECT Team, AVG(BaseSalary)
FROM AgentsHR
GROUP BY Team
ORDER BY Team;
BEGIN
, .

PL/SQL, .
OPEN. , SELECT . .
, PL/SQL.
OPEN .
4. .
.
OPEN v_TeamCursor;
5. , :
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Team'| |' Average Salary');

.
Ora le 10g . 496
496
7. PL/SQL
,
PL/SQL.
FETCH , , , , , .
FETCH . :
FETCH <_>
INTO <_>;
FETCH , INTO
, . .
.
,
. , , , ..
. , . , , .
%NOTFOUND true , FETCH . ,
%NOTFOUND. ,
, ,
v_TeamCursor%NOTFOUND.
6. , ,
. (
, v_TeamNo
v_AvgSalChar .
.)
LOOP
FETCH v_TeamCursor
INTO v_TeamNo, v_AvgSal;
EXIT WHEN v_TeamCursor%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_TeamNo| |'
'| |v_AvgSalChar);
END LOOP;
.
Ora le 10g . 497
497
, , .
. . , ,
:
CLOSE <_>;
CLOSE . , , Ora le (. . 7.2):
ORA-01001: invalid ursor

, .
7. ,
.
v_TeamCursor
CLOSE v_TeamCursor;
8. .
PL/SQL.
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: '| |SQLERRM);
END;
/
9. . .
<Ctrl+S>, .
. 7.8 PL/SQL, .
.
10. .
PL/SQL. SQL*Plus, Ora le .
, , , SQL*Plus <Enter>. , .
1. SQL*Plus .
, PL/SQL
.
CLEAR SCREEN
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
Ora le 10g . 498
498
7. PL/SQL
. 7.8. PL/SQL,
2. , AnonCursorOne.sql, . <> , <> .
START <>\<>AnonCursorOne
, ,
. 7.9. , , PL/SQL pro edure su essfully
ompleted.
SQL*Plus.
FOR
,
, FOR, FOR.
FOR
, FETCH.
Ora le 10g . 499
499
. 7.9. PL/SQL,
. , PL/SQL .
:
FOR
FOR
<_>
IN
<_>
LOOP
< 1>;
< 2>; ...
END LOOP;

PL/SQL, FOR . , , , .
,
PL/SQL, FOR .
. SQL*Plus .
SQL*Plus, . PL/SQL CLEAR SCREEN SET SERVEROUTPUT ON.
,
, .
, , .
FOR .
, FOR
, .
1. .
SQL*Plus.
CLEAR SCREEN
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
2. .
Ora le 10g . 500
500
7. PL/SQL
. , .
, .
DECLARE
CURSOR v_Sellers IS
SELECT a.FirstName, a.LastName, .AskingPri e
FROM Customers a
INNER JOIN Properties b ON a.CustomerID = b.OwnerID
INNER JOIN Listings USING (PropertyID)
INNER JOIN CustAgentList d USING (ListingID)
WHERE UPPER(d.Conta tReason) = 'SELL'
AND a.City = 'Loleta'
3. , , FOR , ,
,
.
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(RPAD('Seller''s Name',24,' ')|
|'Asking Pri e');
FOR v_Counter IN v_Sellers LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(
RPAD(v_Counter.FirstName| |' '| |
v_Counter.LastName,30,' ')| |
v_Counter.AskingPri e
);
END LOOP;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No sellers in that ity');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error of unknown type o urred');
END;
/
RPAD .
. , , , RPAD
, .
4. FOR . , . 13, SQL*Plus <Enter>,

. ,
. , PL/SQL SQL*Plus .
. 7.10.
Ora le 10g . 501
501
FOR
. 7.10.
FOR
5. - , .
.
SQL*Plus.
IF
PL/SQL . ,
( , ).
IF, .
, ,
. CASE, IF, 4. IF, CASE . IF
:
Ora le 10g . 502
502
7. PL/SQL
IF <>
THEN
<>;
[ELSIF <>
THEN
<> ;
[ELSE
<> ;
END IF;
,
TRUE FALSE. IF THEN. ,
, FALSE NULL, IF .
FALSE, Ora le ELSIF (,
E). ELSIF ,
, THEN. ,
ELSIF, , ,
THEN, . ELSIF ELSE. IF END
IF ( ), . ,
, THEN, ELSIF ELSE.
IF
, , . PL/SQL,
, , Agents Franklin.
, . DML,
UPDATE INSERT, PL/SQL,
, .
DECLARE
v_Tally INTEGER := 0;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO v_Tally FROM Agents
WHERE LastName = 'Franklin';
IF v_Tally = 0 THEN
INSERT INTO Agents (AgentID, FirstName, LastName,
Li enseStatusID)
VALUES (23456, 'Ben', 'Franklin',1001);
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Agent already in table: not added');
END IF;
END;
SELECT , Agents
Franklin. v_Tally. -
Ora le 10g . 503
503

. 7.11.
IF
IF , .. , . , TRUE.
( ) FALSE. , , TRUE, Ora le INSERT INTO.
FALSE, , ELSE, .
, , ELSE .
IF, , , :
IF v_Tally = 0 THEN
INSERT INTO Agents (AgentID, FirstName, LastName,
Li enseStatusID)
VALUES (23456, 'Ben', 'Franklin',1001);
END IF;
, THEN ELSE, . . . 7.11
IF ELSE.
DML- PL/SQL
SELECT PL/SQL
. PL/SQL , ,
Ora le 10g . 504
504
7. PL/SQL
7.3. ,
()
()
01,000
10
1,0011,500
1,5012,000
2,0013,000
3,000
8
6
3

.
INSERT, UPDATE DELETE, , ,
. , , Redwood Realty
, , ,
, , . , ,
, . , , 3000 ,
. , 600 .
, , .
, . 7.3.
, IF. IF
, , .
,
UPDATE, AgentsHR.
, IF. . 7.12 (-),
PL/SQL, IF UPDATE.
, ENTER. , , , 1000. ,
, TRUE, BaseSalary
10% .
,
, 1500. ,
BaseSalary 8% . . ,
, .
Ora le 10g . 505
505

10%
SalaryRatio <= 1000
SalaryRatio <= 1500

8%
SalaryRatio <= 2000

6%
SalaryRatio <= 3000

3%

. 7.12. , -
, .
.
,
, .. .
, ,
.
PL/SQL UPDATE. UPDATE IF.
: SQL*Plus, Ora le .
.
PL/SQL,
, .
1. :
CLEAR SCREEN
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
2. , .
Ora le 10g . 506
506
7. PL/SQL
DECLARE
v_Amount NUMBER(2,2);
CURSOR v_Agent IS
SELECT AgentID, BaseSalary/Dependents AS SalaryRatio
FROM AgentsHR;
3. :
BEGIN
FOR v_Counter IN v_Agent LOOP
IF v_Counter.SalaryRatio <= 1000 THEN
v_Amount := 0.10;
ELSIF v_Counter.SalaryRatio <= 1500 THEN
v_Amount := 0.08;
v_Amount := 0.06;
v_Amount := 0.03;
ELSE
v_Amount := 0;
END IF;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE
(v_Counter.AgentID| | ' updated by '| |
TO_CHAR(v_Amount*100,'99')| |'%'
);
UPDATE AgentsHR
SET BaseSalary = BaseSalary * (1+v_Amount)
WHERE AgentID = v_Counter.AgentID;
END LOOP;
COMMIT;
4. , .
;
, . ,
SQL*Plus , ,
<Enter>.
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error; transa tions rolled ba k');
ROLLBACK;
END;
/
5. , , ,
SQL*Plus. . . 7.13 , SQL*Plus .
6. SQL*Plus, <Enter>, PL/SQL.
. 7.14 ,
AgentID, . .
Ora le 10g . 507
507
. 7.13. DML- PL/SQL
7. , SQL*Plus.
, .
- DBMS_OUTPUT
FOR. , ,
Ora le .
FOR ,
BaseSalary . , ,
v_Amount. IF, FOR UPDATE v_Amount . COMMIT,
FOR, . FOR
,
ROLLBACK .
PL/SQL, . , . , .

Ora le 10g . 508
508
7. PL/SQL
. 7.14.
Ora le , , Ora le.

PL/SQL, Ora le
. PL/SQL,
Ora le . SQL*Plus .
SQL*Plus PL/SQL.
SQL.
PL/SQL EXECUTE SQL*Plus.
SQL .
, ,
, . . (IN), (OUT) / (IN OUT). IN , , ,
. OUT
, , ,
Ora le 10g . 509
,
509
. IN OUT
, , , .
, IN. . ,
,
.
,
. , , , . . , ,
. ()
, . ,
, , .
,
, . ,
, BirthDate , Redwood
Realty. , , SQL-,
. , , ,
, , SELECT.
, .

, . Ora le
, . ,
, :
CREATE [OR REPLACE FUNCTION <_>

[( <_> [IN|OUT|IN OUT
<_> [,... )
RETURN
<_> {IS|AS}
BEGIN
<_>
[EXCEPTION
Ora le 10g . 510
510
7. PL/SQL
<___>;
END [ <_> ;
, OR REPLACE . , ,
; . , IN,
OUT IN OUT. . , RETURN
. SQL PL/SQL, , BEGIN END.
EXCEPTION END,
.
(/); <Enter>
. ,
. , .
, .
, IN.
. . SQL*Plus,
Ora le . , , ,
, .
, Ora le .
, , .
1. SQL*Plus
.
CLEAR SCREEN <Enter>,
2. :
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
3. . ,
.
.
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION Age(InputAgentID IN NUMBER)

RETURN INTEGER AS
v_BirthDate Agents.Birthdate%TYPE;
v_TodaysDate DATE;
v_Age INTEGER
/* */
4. .
,
<Enter>.
Ora le 10g . 511
,
511
BEGIN
SELECT BirthDate, SYSDATE
INTO v_BirthDate, v_TodaysDate
FROM Agents
WHERE AgentID = InputAgentID;
v_Age := TRUNC((v_TodaysDate-v_BirthDate)/365.25);
RETURN v_Age;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
END Age;
/
5. , ,
<>Ch07AgeFun tion.sql. , <> . ( , ,
. ,
.)
6. SQL*Plus.
<Enter>.
Ora le , . , ?
SHOW ERRORS, , , ,
.
.
SHOW ERRORS
Ora le ,
(. 7.15).
8. SQL*Plus .
. 7.15 , Ora le BEGIN
, . .
, . , .
:
V_Age INTEGER

, SHOW ERRORS,
.
Warning: Fun tion reated with ompilation errors.
Ora le 10g . 512
512
7. PL/SQL
. 7.15. ,
, .
, .
1. , .
2. , v_Age,
.
3. .
4. SQL*Plus.
5. .
6. SQL*Plus, , ,
<Enter>. Ora le , .
7. SQL*Plus.
Fun tion reated, ,
. Ora le
, ,
. ,
.
Ora le 10g . 513
,
513

, Ora le. , SELECT.
, FROM DUAL. .
.
, .
1. SQL*Plus .
PAGESIZE .
<Enter>.
SET PAGESIZE 50
CLEAR SCREEN
2. SQL*Plus .
Age. , , ,
, .
SELECT Age(10041)
FROM DUAL;
Ora le , (
).
3. Agents,
:
SELECT AgentID, LastName, Age(AgentID) AS "Agent's Age"

FROM Agents;
Ora le , 29
(. 7.16). , . Age .
4. Age, :
CLEAR SCREEN
SELECT Age(12345)
FROM DUAL:
Ora le , : ORA-01403: no data found (. 7.17).
5. SQL*Plus .
? Age , 12345.
, Ora le
. .
Ora le 10g . 514
514
7. PL/SQL
. 7.16. ,
. 7.17.
,
? . Age
.
Ora le 10g . 515
,
515

Age, ,
, AgentID, .
. AgentID, , ,
, , . AgentID ,
. , , .
AgentID, .
1. Age,
<>Ch07AgeFun tion.sql,
.
2. .
v_Count INTEGER;
3. BEGIN SELECT
( , COUNT
1, l):
/* AgentID */
SELECT COUNT(1)
INTO v_Count
FROM Agents WHERE AgentID= InputAgentID;
IF v_Count = 0 THEN
v_Age := -1;
ELSE
4. ,
.
SELECT,
5.
:_TRUNC ... .
v_Age
6. , v_Age,
( ):
END IF;
7. . , , . 7.18. .
, .
8. .
Ora le 10g . 516
516
7. PL/SQL
. 7.18.
Age
. SQL*Plus
<Enter>, .
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION, , ,
.
Age ,
.
1. SQL*Plus
2. SQL*Plus.
<Enter>, .
Ora le Fun tion reated ( ). ,
, ,
, , , , .
3. . (
- , .)
4. , <Enter>.
Ora le 10g . 517
,
517
Age
Age

. 7.19.
Age
SELECT Age(10497) AS "Agent that exists" FROM DUAL;

Ora le .
5. , <Enter>:
SELECT Age(12345) AS "Agent that does not exist" FROM DUAL;

1, . .
. . 7.19.
6. , SQL*Plus .

PL/SQL ,
p-; (pseudo ode). P- -
Ora le 10g . 518
518
7. PL/SQL
, , PL/SQL.
, , PL/SQL - .
- .
- , C.

, CREATE
OR REPLACE, Ora le .
, (p-).
Ora le p- ,
. .
USER_OBJECTS . . USER_SOURCE . USER_ERRORS
, .
, .
1. SQL*Plus
2. , ,
:
COLUMN Obje t_Name FORMAT A20

COLUMN Obje t_Type FORMAT A12
SELECT Obje t_Name, Obje t_Type
FROM USER_OBJECTS
WHERE Obje t_Type IN ('FUNCTION', 'PROCEDURE');
Ora le Age .
,
.
3. SQL*Plus,
<Enter>:
SET PAGESIZE 40
CLEAR SCREEN
4.
:
DESCRIBE User_Sour e
User_Sour e, -
Ora le 10g . 519
,
519
User_Source
Age,

. 7.20.
User_Sour e
5. Age,
, <Enter>:
SELECT Text
FROM User_Sour e
WHERE Name = 'AGE'
ORDER BY Line;
Ora le
Age (. 7.20).
6. SQL*Plus .

. :
DROP FUNCTION <_>;

, . .
Ora le 10g . 520
520
7. PL/SQL
DROP FUNCTION Age;

Ora le
Fun tion dropped ( ).
2. , , SQL*Plus , :

FROM USER_OBJECTS
Ora le no rows sele ted ( , ). , .
SQL*Plus.
, SQL PL/SQL,
,
. .
. ;
.
, . PL/SQL
DECLARE. . .
, . SQL*Plus
CALL.
, . ,
.

, ,
PL/SQL, . . p- . -
Ora le 10g . 521
521
SQL-
Ora le,
SQL-. , . , , , ,
. , .
, ,
.
. ,
.
. , ,
.
, . , , INSERT,
. ,
, , .

() ,
. ( ) :
CREATE [OR REPLACE PROCEDURE <_>

[( <_> [IN|OUT|IN OUT
<_> [, ... ) {IS|AS}
[
<__>
BEGIN
<_>
[EXCEPTION
<___>
END [ <_> ;
, OR REPLACE . , ,
; . -
Ora le 10g . 522
522
7. PL/SQL
, IN,
OUT IN OUT. . ,
. ,
PL/SQL.
DECLARE. SQL PL/SQL, ,
. BEGIN END.
EXCEPTION END,
. , (/); <Enter> . ,
; SQL*Plus
<Enter>. , .
, .
ForSale,
, . (CityIn) (IN) .
, , .
, SQL, , . ,
WHERE , .
, .
SQL*Plus ; ,
. Ora le ForSale.
1. ,
ON SERVEROUTPUT.
CLEAR SCREEN
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
2. ,
, . Redwood Realty ,
.
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE ForSale(CityIn IN VARCHAR2) AS

CURSOR v_Properties IS
SELECT PropertyID,AskingPri e,Address,City
Ora le 10g . 523
523
FROM Properties JOIN Listings USING(PropertyID)

JOIN CustAgentList USING(ListingID)
WHERE UPPER(City) = UPPER(CityIn)
AND UPPER(Conta tReason) = 'SELL';
3. . FOR
DBMS_OUTPUT
. , . , . ,
DBMS_OUTPUT Prop ID
Asking. , TO_CHAR
PropertyID , O.
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Prop ID '| |'Asking '| |'Address');
FOR a IN v_Properties LOOP
TO_CHAR(a.PropertyID,'00000')| |
' '| |TO_CHAR(a.AskingPri e,'$9,999,999')| |
' '| |a.Address| |', '| |INITCAP(CityIn)
);
END LOOP;
4. ,
, .
END, -
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
END;
/

ForSale , . 7.21.
5. , . , .
<>Ch07ForSale.sql.
6. , . , ,
( ) SQL*Plus.
7. SQL*Plus, <Enter>,
. ,
, , . 6 7.
Pro edure reated
(. 7.22).
8. ,
SQL*Plus .
Ora le 10g . 524
524
7. PL/SQL
. 7.21.
ForSale
( )
. 7.22. , , -
Pro edure reated , Ora le .

, .
Ora le . ,
, .
Ora le 10g . 525
525
. , (, 'Loleta').
DBMS_OUTPUT, BEGIN, . FOR ,
Conta tReason SELL ( , , ).
, (CityIn), WHERE , .
, FOR , , ,
CityIn. DBMS_OUTPUT END LOOP.
INITCAP. TO_CHAR
. WHERE OTHERS
THEN, . ,
, .

CALL. , EXECUTE
EXEC. CALL. .
SQL*Plus, .
1. SQL*Plus . , .
, .
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
CLEAR SCREEN
2. ForSale, , , .
<Enter>, :
CALL ForSale('loleta');
ForSale .
3. ForSale, ,
, .
Ora le 10g . 526
526
7. PL/SQL
<Enter>, . (
, ,
.)
CALL ForSale('ORICK');

Call ompleted.
4. ForSale , , .
CALL ForSale('Blue Haven');

. .
5. , . , ,
. .
<Enter>.
CALL ForSale('BLUE lake');

. .
6. . ForSale . <Enter>.
CALL ForSale();
Ora le .
(. 7.23).
: , , , ,
, , , , .
,
. , SQL*Plus. ( CREATE OR REPLACE. OR REPLACE

, Ora le
, , .)

Ch07ForSale.sql, .
, .
,
, <>Ch07ForSale.sql.
Ora le 10g . 527
527
ForSale

. 7.23.
ForSale
,
.
1. . File Save
As, <>Ch07ForSale2.sql, <>
.
2.
,
.
v_PropCount INTEGER NOT NULL := 0;

v_PropCount
. ,
.
3.
v_Properties LOOP:
FOR a IN
v_PropCount := v_PropCount + 1;
4.
.
END LOOP: EXCEPTION:
Ora le 10g . 528
528
7. PL/SQL
IF v_PropCount = 0 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE
('******No homes for sale in '| |INITCAP(CityIn));
END IF;
5. , .
6. SQL*Plus CLEAR SCREEN <Enter>,
. SQL*Plus
<Enter>, . Ora le Pro edure reated.
, SHOW ERRORS, <Enter>
.
7. , , ,
. 5.
8. . ( <Enter>):
CALL ForSale('Loleta');
CALL ForSale('Mit hell');
, . , ,
(. 7.24).
9. , .
10. SQL*Plus, .

,
. , , .

, , CREATE OR REPLACE, Ora le .

,
(p-). . USER_OBJECTS
.
. USER_SOURCE
Ora le 10g . 529
529
. 7.24.
ForSale
. SQL*Plus , . , , . -
, .
.
, .
1. SQL*Plus
2. , ,
:
COLUMN Obje t_Name FORMAT A20

COLUMN Obje t_Type FORMAT A12
FROM USER_OBJECTS
Ora le ForSale. , . ( , Age
. , .)
Ora le 10g . 530
530
7. PL/SQL
. 7.25.
3. SQL*Plus,
<Enter>:
SET PAGESIZE 40
CLEAR SCREEN
4. ForSale,
, <Enter>.
FORSALE :
SELECT Text
FROM User_Sour e
WHERE Name = 'FORSALE'
ORDER BY Line;
Ora le 25 ForSale (. 7.25).
5. SQL*Plus .
.
:
DROP PROCEDURE <_>;
Ora le 10g . 531
531
, . .
DROP PROCEDURE ForSale;

Ora le
Pro edure dropped.
2. , Ora le ,
SQL*Plus ,
.

FROM USER_OBJECTS
Ora le no rows sele ted. ,
, .
SQL*Plus.
4. ,
, . ,
.
PL/SQL , SQL. PL/SQL

() .
. ,
. PL/SQL
: , , ,
BEGIN, . , ,
. , . PUT_LINE
DBMS_OUTPUT , ,
SQL*Plus SERVEROUTPUT ON.
SQL PL/SQL , .
,
LOOP END LOOP. ,
Ora le 10g . 532
532
7. PL/SQL
EXIT EXIT WHEN. EXIT

, EXIT WHEN .
WHILE , TRUE.
, FOR. FOR
, ( ) ( ).
FOR , ,
, .
PL/SQL , Ora le
. , . ,
.
. FETCH, ,
. SELECT
, INTO
PL/SQL, Ora le , .
. FOR
, .
PL/SQL: . , . . PL/SQL .
, . . ,
. , ,
, . , , . , (p-), . USER_OBJECTS.
PL/SQL
. ;
.
END
IN
IN OUT
OUT
P-
Ora le 10g . 533
533

()

-

FOR
FOR
1. .
2. PL/SQL ,
FOR.
3. , PL/SQL, , ,
SQL*Plus, PL/SQL
.
4. , .
Ora le 10g . 534
534
7. PL/SQL
5. PL/SQL, , ,
PL/SQL.

1. , ,
, _____.
2. , , _____.
3. _____ , ,
SELECT, PL/SQL.
4. PL/SQL , _____ .
5. , ,
_____ .

1. Ora le _____ PL/SQL, PL/SQL , .

) .
) .
) .
) .
2. PL/SQL :
) SELECT .
) , , CREATE
BLE.
TA-
) , , UPDATE.
) ,
v_Variable := 24;
3. PL/SQL
) .
) .
) .
) .
Ora le 10g . 535
535
4. , , . ?
) FOR.
FOR .
) WHILE.
) .
5. ?
) RUN
EXECUTIVE
) INVOKE
) CALL
1. Readwood Realty
,
, .
(- ,
.) MyListings
SQL*Plus iSQL*Plus. :
CALL MyListings('<_>' | 'all');

-. , .
all,
- .
, : ListingID, , , BidPri e AskingPri e. , .
SQL*Plus Ora le. , MyListings .
, .
, .
1.
<>Ch07Prob1Part1.sql.
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE

MyListings(AgentNameIn IN VARCHAR2) AS
v_Count INTEGER;
Ora le 10g . 536
536
7. PL/SQL
CURSOR v_AllAgents IS
SELECT ListingID, d.LastName AS
LISTAGENT,
a.LastName AS BUYAGENT,
BidPri e, AskingPri e
FROM Agents a JOIN CustAgentList b ON
a.AgentID = b.AgentID
JOIN Listings ON b.ListingID =
.ListingID
JOIN Agents d ON
.ListingAgentID = d.AgentID
WHERE UPPER(Conta tReason) = 'BUY'
ORDER BY d.LastName, a.LastName;
CURSOR v_OneAgent IS
SELECT ListingID, d.LastName AS
LISTAGENT,
a.LastName AS BUYAGENT,
BidPri e, AskingPri e
FROM Agents a JOIN CustAgentList b ON
a.AgentID = b.AgentID
JOIN Listings ON b.ListingID =
.ListingID
JOIN Agents d ON
.ListingAgentID = d.AgentID
WHERE UPPER(Conta tReason) = 'BUY'
AND UPPER(d.LastName) =
UPPER(AgentNameIn)
ORDER BY a.LastName;
2. , :
BEGIN
/* Agents */
SELECT COUNT(*)
INTO v_Count FROM Agents
WHERE UPPER(LastName) =
UPPER(AgentNameIn);
-- : ALL, ,
IF UPPER(AgentNameIn) = 'ALL' THEN
FOR X IN v_AllAgents LOOP
' '| |X.ListingID| |
' '| |RPAD(X.LISTAGENT,15)| |
' '| |RPAD(X.BUYAGENT,15)| |
' '| |TO_CHAR(X.BidPri e,
'$99,999,99')| |
' '| |TO_CHAR(X.AskingPri e,
'$99,999,99')
);
END LOOP;
ELSE IF v_Count > 0 THEN
FOR X IN v_OneAgent LOOP
' '| |X.ListingID| |
' '| |RPAD(X.LISTAGENT,15)| |
' '| |RPAD(X.BUYAGENT,15)| |
Ora le 10g . 537
537
' '| |TO_CHAR(X.BidPri e,

'$99,999,99')| |
' '| |TO_CHAR(X.AskingPri e,
'$99,999,99')
);
END LOOP;
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Invalid Agent
Name');
END IF;
3. .
. <Enter>.
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
END MyListings;
/
4. , SQL*Plus.
5. SQL*Plus, <Enter>, .
, SHOW ERRORS, , .
, . 4 5.
6. MyListings, SQL*Plus ( ). ,
SIZE.
SPOOL <>\<>Ch07Prob1Part2.txt
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON SIZE 123456
CALL MyListings('Carling');
CALL MyListings('Quinn');
CALL MyListings('all');
SPOOL OFF
7. MyListings, SQL*Plus :
DROP PROCEDURE MyListings;
8. MyListings , . 6.

. . SQL*Plus
.
2. Coffee Mer hant
. . . ,
Ora le 10g . 538
538
7. PL/SQL
.
.
SQL*Plus, Ora le
BuildCoffee.sql, CoffeeMer hant. .
1. SalesTax,
. .

. .
SELECT SalesTax('CA')*Pri e*Quantity FROM OrderLines;

, , .
1. , SQL*Plus. ,
<Enter>.
, -- .
-- < >
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION
SalesTax(StateInParm IN VARCHAR2)
RETURN NUMBER AS
v_Count NUMBER;
v_TaxRate NUMBER(4,4) := -0.05;
BEGIN
/* */
SELECT COUNT(*)
INTO v_Count
FROM States WHERE UPPER(StateID) =
UPPER(StateInParm)
OR UPPER(StateName) =
UPPER(StateInParm);
IF v_Count > 0 THEN
SELECT TaxRate
INTO v_TaxRate
FROM States
WHERE UPPER(StateID) =
UPPER(StateInParm)
OR UPPER(StateName) =
UPPER(StateInParm);
END IF;
RETURN v_TaxRate;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
END SalesTax;
/
Ora le 10g . 539
539
2. <Enter>. , .
SHOW ERRORS. . SQL*Plus .
2. . SQL*Plus.
<> , <> .
<> .
3. ,
SalesTax:
SPOOL <> \ <>Ch07Prob2Part2.txt

-- <>
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
SELECT StateName AS "State",
TO_CHAR(SalesTax(StateID)
*100,'90.99')| |'%' AS "Tax (%)"
FROM States
WHERE Population/LandArea < 20
ORDER BY 2;
SELECT SalesTax('CaLiFoRnIa')*10*24.95 FROM
DUAL;
SELECT SalesTax('NoSu hState') FROM DUAL;
SPOOL OFF
4. , .
3. CustomerOrder,
.
, , . ,
SQL*Plus. ,
, ,
(Jerry Peterson).
5. ,
SQL*Plus.
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE CustomerOrder(

Fname IN VARCHAR2,
Lname IN VARCHAR2) AS
v_Count INTEGER;
CURSOR v_GetOrd IS
SELECT OrderID,OrderDate,Name,
Quantity,Pri e,Dis ount,
TO_CHAR(Pri e*Quantity*(1Dis ount),'$9,999.99') AS
ExtPri e,
TO_CHAR(Pri e*Quantity*(1Dis ount)*SalesTax(State),
Ora le 10g . 540
540
7. PL/SQL
'99.99') AS Tax
FROM Consumers a
INNER JOIN Orders
b USING
(ConsumerID)
INNER JOIN OrderLines USING
(OrderID)
INNER JOIN Inventory d USING
(InventoryID)
WHERE LOWER(FirstName) = LOWER(Fname)
AND LOWER(LastName) = LOWER(Lname)
ORDER BY OrderID, LineItem;
BEGIN
/* */
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO v_Count FROM
Consumers
WHERE LOWER(FirstName) = LOWER(Fname) AND
LOWER(LastName) = LOWER(Lname);
CASE
WHEN v_Count > 0 THEN
FOR X IN v_GetOrd LOOP
' '| |X.OrderID| |' '| |X.OrderDate| |
' '| |RPAD(X.Name,20)| |
' '| |TO_CHAR(X.Quantity,'999')| |
' '| |TO_CHAR(X.Pri e,'$9999.99')| |
' '| |X.ExtPri e| |' '| |X.Tax
);
END LOOP;
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('No orders for that ustomer');
END CASE;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
END CustomerOrder;
/
6. <Enter>. ,
. , .
4.
.
CustomerOrder.
7. , ,
SQL*Plus. , <> ( )
<>.
SPOOL <>\ <>Ch07Prob2Part4.txt

-- <>
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
CALL CustomerOrder('Jerry','Peterson');
CALL CustomerOrder('Abe','Lin oln');
SPOOL OFF
Ora le 10g . 541
541
8. .
:
DROP FUNCTION SalesTax;

DROP PROCEDURE CustomerOrder;
9. SQL*Plus.
3. Rowing Ventures

. , .
.
SQL*Plus, Ora le BuildRowing.sql, RowingVentures.
.
1. Ra eInfo, : BoatCat BowNo VARCHAR2.
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Ora le 10g . 542
542
7. PL/SQL
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543
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Ora le 10g . 544
Ora le 10g . 545
Forms Builder
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546
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553
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Ora le 10g . 554
554
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Ora le 10g . 555
555
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Ora le 10g . 556
556
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557
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Ora le 10g . 558
558
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559
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Ora le 10g . 560
560
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Ora le 10g . 561
561
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Ora le 10g . 562
562
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Ora le 10g . 564
564
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Ora le 10g . 565

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Ora le 10g . 566
566
8. Forms Builder
. 8.15.
1.
Obje t Navigator
WINDOW1.
Windows
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REDWOOD_REALTY.
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Ora le 10g . 567

567
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Ora le 10g . 568
568
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Ora le 10g . 570
570
8. Forms Builder
. 8.18.
1. Listings HousePhoto,
SQL*Plus, :

ADD HousePhoto LONG RAW;
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Ora le 10g . 571

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571
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Ora le 10g . 572
572
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Ora le 10g . 573

573
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2.
Ora le 10g . 574
574
8. Forms Builder
8.1.
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Prompt
Prompt Atta hment Offset
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575
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Ora le 10g . 576
576
8. Forms Builder
. 8.21. List of Values Wizard
7. : 48
72 . Automati ally size olumns.
8. Return Item AgentID,
Look up return item ListingAgentID.
.
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Ora le 10g . 577

577
9. List of Agents , 235. ,

20 .
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Ora le 10g . 578
578
8. Forms Builder
. 8.22. ,
. .
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Ora le 10g . 579

579
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Ora le 10g . 580
580
8. Forms Builder
. 8.23.
, Properties .
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Ora le 10g . 581

581
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Ora le 10g . 582
582
8. Forms Builder
. 8.24.

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Ora le 10g . 583
583
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Ora le 10g . 584
584
8. Forms Builder
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2. .
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Ora le 10g . 585
585
. 8.26.
Redwood Realty
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Ora le 10g . 586
586
8. Forms Builder
. 8.27.
Agents.
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Ora le 10g . 587
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Ora le 10g . 588
588
8. Forms Builder
. 8.28.

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Ora le 10g . 589
589
. 8.29.
2. CustAgentList
Data Sour e , :
(SELECT CUSTAGENTLIST.CUSTOMERID, AGENTID, LISTINGID,

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Ora le 10g . 590
590
8. Forms Builder
8.2. , ,

Name
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Column Name
Query Only
Prompt
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592
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Ora le 10g . 593
593

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Ora le 10g . 594
594
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Redwood ,
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CustAgentList. . ,
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Listings.
2. . ,
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3. CustAgentList. , ListingID. , .
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ListingA tivity.
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, SQL*Plus.
Ora le 10g . 596
596
8. Forms Builder
(SELECT ListingID, Listings.PropertyID, ListingAgentID,

SaleStatusID, BeginListDate, EndListDate, AskingPri e,
HousePhoto, Bedrooms, Bathrooms, Stories, SQFT, YearBuilt
FROM Listings INNER JOIN Properties
ON Listings.PropertyID=Properties.PropertyID)
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6. . : Name, Enabled (No), Database Item (Yes), Column Name, Query

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LOV. Properties PropertyID, Address, City, Bedrooms,
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CustomerID . ,
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Ora le 10g . 597
597
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Ora le 10g . 598
598
8. Forms Builder
3. Rowing Ventures
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Person Organization. . , , Boat BoatCrew
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Ora le 10g . 599

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Ora le 10g . 600
600
9.
Bedrooms
2 3 4 5 or more
Bathrooms
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 or more
Sq Feet
1000 2000 3000 4000 or more
Age/Built
1900 1970 1980 1990 2000 or later
Price
Min:
Sale Status
For sale Pending
Max:
Sold
Matches
. 9.1.
,
, . Forms
Builder, ,
.
.
. ;
.
. , ,
. 9.1.
,
, Ora le.
, , , . . 9.2
: , . 8, .
.
, . , , .
, ,
Ora le 10g . 601
454
601
1
1
2
3
1
1
2
3
. 9.2. Ora le
. . ;
. , . ;
.
(, )
.
. .
; .
,
, . . ,
.
, . , .
, .
,
.
, . , .
,
.
Ora le 10g . 602
602
9.
Ora le. :
, ,
. , . ,
, .
,
,
.
Ora le , , , .
.
.
, , ,
. .

Redwood Realty
.
1. Forms Builder . Sear h.
2. Windows Window1 Sear h,
Redwood Realty.
3. , Canvases
Add ( +).
Sear h_Canvas. , ,
. .
4. , . Data Blo ks Add.
, , Build a new data blo k manually.
, , Name Sear h_Blo k,
Database Data Blo k No.

. , . ,
.
Ora le 10g . 603
454
603
, , , .
, .
, .
, , , .
, . ,
.
, .

( , ,
, ). .
.
1. . ,
FRM_BEDROOMS. , , Minimum Bedrooms.
2. .
, ,
.
RADIO_BEDROOMS.
3. : Name=RAD_BED
_2, Label=2, Radio Button Value=2 Width=20.
4. , , ,
2 3.
, , 2, 3, 4 5
. . ,
.
5. , LayoutAlign Components,
.
6. . Initial Value=3.
,
, . , ,
, . -
Ora le 10g . 604
604
9.
.
, , ,
.
, . ,
. . - ,
, .
. ,
, ,
.
TXT_MinPri e.
2. : Data Type=Number, Initial Value=0,
Lowest Allowed Value=0, Highest Allowed Value=10000000, Prompt=
Minimum Pri e, Prompt Atta hment Offset=7.
3. TXT_MaxPri e.
1.
Sale Status . SaleStatus .

. , 101 , . .
,
. 101/For Sale.
, ,
. ,
.
.
LIST_SaleStatus.
2. , Elements in List 1.
, .
List Item Value: For Sale 101, Pending 102, Sold 103.
Initial Value , 101.
3. : Prompt=Sale Status, Prompt Atta hment
Offset=7. , , (.. ).
Ora le 10g . 605
454
605
. 9.3. ,
.
(Sear h.fmb). . 9.3
. ,
, ,
, .

, , .
. , .
, .
,
, . SQL.
CREATE VIEW ListingResults as

SELECT Listings.ListingID,Listings.PropertyID,Listings.SaleStatusID,
Listings.AskingPri e, Listings.EndListDate, Properties.Address,
Properties.City, Properties.State, Properties.Zip ode,
Ora le 10g . 606
606
9.
Properties.Bedrooms, Properties.Bathrooms, Properties.SqFt,

Properties.YearBuilt, Agents.LastName, SaleStatus.SaleStatus
FROM Listings INNER JOIN Properties ON
Listings.PropertyID=Properties.PropertyID
INNER JOIN Agents ON Agents.AgentID=Listings.ListingAgentID
INNER JOIN SaleStatus ON
SaleStatus.SaleStatusID=Listings.SaleStatusID;
,
WHERE. Listings Properties.
, . , 10
. , WHERE ORDER BY. .
, . , : SELECT * FROM ListingResults WHERE rownum<5.
, , ,
,
.
1. . ListingResults , SEARCH_BLOCK. <Tab>. ,
SEARCH_BLOCK . Obje t Navigator.
2. , , : Database Data Blo k=Yes, Query Allowed=Yes Query Data Sour e
Type=Table.
3. Query Data Sour e Name ,
. :
(SELECT ListingID, PropertyID, SaleStatusID, SaleStatus,

AskingPri e, EndListDate, Address, City, State,
Zip ode, Bedrooms, Bathrooms, SqFt, YearBuilt,
LastName FROM ListingResults)
4. Query Data Sour e Columns . , .
5. . : Allowed=No, Update Allowed=No, Delete Allowed=No.
Number of Re ords Displayed=7 Show S rollbar=Yes.
Ora le 10g . 607
454
. 9.4.
607
Query Data Sour e Columns
,
, .
. 9.4 .
, .
, .
ListingResults
.
1.
ingsResults.
List-
2. .
: Name=FRM_ListingResults, Layout Data
Blo k=ListingResults, Layout Style=Tabular, Number of Re ords Displayed=7, Show S roll Bar=Yes, Frame Title=Listing Results, Ba kground Color=white.
, . , 10 . - ,
, , .
1. .
.
2. , (ListingID): Name=ListingID, Data Type=Number, Maximum Length=5,
Database Item=Yes, Column Name= LISTINGID, Width=48, Ba kground
Color=white, Prompt=Listing ID, Prompt Atta hment Edge=Top.
Ora le 10g . 608
608
9.
. 9.5.
3. ListingID, PropertyID, SaleStatus,

Pri e, Bedrooms, Bathrooms, SQFT, YearBuilt, City Lastname.
Asking-
. 9.5 , . .
, . ,
PropertyID ListingID, ,
. ,
, , .
.

. , ,
. . .
, .
. :
Ora le 10g . 609
454
609
?
; , ,
. . ,
. ,
, . ,
Sear h_Blo k. Sear h,
.
, , .
ListingResults.
, , , .
ListingResults. Database WHERE lause.
,
.
(ASKINGPRICE BETWEEN :SEARCH_BLOCK.TXT_MINPRICE AND

:SEARCH_BLOCK.TXT_MAXPRICE)
AND (BEDROOMS >= :SEARCH_BLOCK.RADIO_BEDROOMS)
AND (BATHROOMS >= :SEARCH_BLOCK.RADIO_BATHROOMS)
AND (SQFT >= :SEARCH_BLOCK.RADIO_SQFT)
AND (YEARBUILT >= :SEARCH_BLOCK.RADIO_YEARBUILT)
AND (SALESTATUSID = :SEARCH_BLOCK.LIST_SALESTATUS)
, . .
, . , .
. , : (AskingPri e BETWEEN :Sear h_Blo k.TXT_MinPri e
AND :Sear h_Blo k.TXT_MaxPri e). -, , , . ,
, . -, . , (Sear h_Blo k),
. (:). ,
, . ,
, WHERE SQL.

WHERE, , .
Ora le 10g . 610
610
9.
, ORDER BY. AskingPri e,

, .
,
. WHERE ORDER BY , , , .
,
Sear h. WHERE, .
. When-Button-Pressed. Sear h
. .
GO_BLOCK('LISTINGRESULTS');
EXECUTE_QUERY;
(GO_BLOCK) , ListingResults. , Sear h Sear h_Blo k, ,
ListingResults. ,
. (EXECUTE_QUERY) , ,
ListingResults.
WHERE.
.
, .
; , . , (,
20000 ),
. . 9.6 . ,
.
, .
, .
, .
, ,
.
. WHERE,
. Sear h
, .
, ,
.
Ora le 10g . 611
611
. 9.6.

, ,
, .
, . - ,
. , , , ,
? ,
Ora le 10g . 612
612
9.
, . ,
Redwood Realty ? SQL- .
. ,
, . SQL- ,
, , . ,
.
.
. , , , .
.
, , . , , , , . -,
PL/SQL. ,
, Ora le. , ,
.
, .
,
, . , , , , ,
.. ,
, . .
Ora le, . . ;
.
(, ), .
, .
, ,
, ,
. , ,
, .
Ora le 10g . 613
1.Pre-Logon
2.On-Logon
3.Post-Logon
4.Pre-Form
613
5.When-Create-Record
6.Pre-Block
7.Pre-Record
8.Pre-Text-Item
9.When-New-Form-Instance
10.When-New-Block-Instance
11.When-New-Record-Instance
12.When-New-Item-Instance
1.Post-Text-Item
2.Post-Record
3.Post-Block

4.Post-Form
5.On-Rollback
6.Pre-Logout
7.On-Logout
8.Post-Logout
. 9.7.
, ,
. . 9.7,
,
. Form Builder
, . , , .
PRE, ,
POST , , . , PRE-FORM ,
, POST-FORM , . . 9.7
.
Ora le Alert. ,
.
. , .
, , . .
Ora le 10g . 614
614
9.
.
, ,
, Alert. . ,
.
,
Agents Alert.
1. ,
Agents.
2. Alerts Add (
+).
3. : Name=ALERT_
GERS, Title=Trigger Fired, Message=test, Alert Style=Note.
TRIG-
4. , .
DECLARE
btn NUMBER;
BEGIN
SET_ALERT_PROPERTY('ALERT_TRIGGER',ALERT_MESSAGE_TEXT,
'Pre-Form trigger event');
btn := SHOW_ALERT('ALERT_TRIGGER');
END;
5. . ,
.
Show_Alert , ,
. ,
, .
, . . 9.8 ,
. , Post-Item
. ,

Agent ID. , , ,
. , . Post-Text-Item,
, :
, , .
, Ora le When-Validate-Item.
, -
Ora le 10g . 615
. 9.8.
615
Post-Item
, . ,
, Alert
, .
,
, . ,
.
.
Ora le 10g . 616
616
9.
, , . .
Triggers, , Smart Triggers,
. .
,
.
, .
, Ora le, ,
, ,
. , , (Update, Insert Delete), .
:
DECLARE
--
BEGIN
-- PL/SQL
-- (
EXCEPTION
-- ,
END;
,
. ,
. , .
.
, , PL/SQL.
. , , (IF/ELSE/END), (WHILE ... LOOP FOR ... LOOP). ,
, ,
, ,
, . . 9.9
PL/SQL, .
,
:=. , , SELECT ... INTO .
Ora le 10g . 617
617
DECLARE
tax NUMBER (9,2); price NUMBER(9,2);
AvgSalary NUMBER(10,3);
tax_rate CONSTANT NUMBER := 0.07;
BEGIN
tax := price * tax_rate;
SELECT Avg(Salary) INTO AvgSalary FROM Employee;
IF (condition)
--statements
ELSE
--statements
END IF;
WHILE (j < 10)
LOOP
j := j + 1;
END LOOP;
EXCEPTION
WHEN (error event) THEN ...
END;
. 9.9. PL/SQL
DML (Insert, Update Delete). , , :Sear h_blo k.Txt_MinPri e.

DML SELECT INTO .
,
.
Redwood Realty.
SaleStatus. , (For Sale,
Pending Sold) . ,
, ,
. , ,
,
. , ,
, , . , , , ?
(
SaleStatusID), . - , , .
, .
, .
Ora le 10g . 618
618
9.
, .
, , Pre-Form. ,
, . , .
, , .
1.
SaleStatus.
2. .
3. .
,
PL/SQL. , . ,
ADD_LIST_ELEMENT.
DECLARE
CURSOR Status IS
SELECT SaleStatusID, SaleStatus
FROM SaleStatus
ORDER BY SaleStatusID;
BEGIN
CLEAR_LIST('LIST_SALESTATUS');
FOR stats IN Status
LOOP
IF (stats.SaleStatusID <> 101) THEN
ADD_LIST_ELEMENT('LIST_SALESTATUS',99,
stats.SaleStatus, TO_CHAR(stats.SaleStatusID));
END IF;
END LOOP;
END;

SELECT. , ORDER BY, -
. . , .
, .
ADD_LIST_ELEMENT . . ,
( 99 ), ,
, , , (
TO_CHAR).

101/For Sale. , ,
Ora le 10g . 619
619
. , . 9.12, ,
. Clear_List
. , , , IF; , .
,
, , SET_ITEM_PROPERTY. Ora le,
, , POPULATE_GROUP_WITH_QUERY,
POPULATE_LIST, . , ,
, ,
.
,
. . . ,
. , ,
.
, , , .
, ,
. , ?
. 9.10, . Built-in Pa kages, STANDARD Extensions. ,
, .
. 9.11 , ,
. Help <Ctrl+H>.
. Open, . ,
,
. ,
, .

, . ,
. Ora le.
Ora le 10g . 620
620
9.
. 9.10. Ora le
1. .
2. ,
.
3. .
Ora le 10g , .
, . ,
. .
, . , ,
.
, .
Ora le 10g . 621
621
. 9.11.
1.
Sear h Pre-Form.
2. , .
, Clear_List.
3. , , .
4. .
, Forms Bbuilder.
,
. ,
.
, , , .
. 9.12 , .
, . ,
, .
, . ,
.
Ora le 10g . 622
622
9.
. 9.12. ,
, (
) Forms Builder,
. . ,
, , .
, .
.
Wat h . ,
, .
, , , .
. Windows XP ,
Forms Builder, Windows Control Panel,
.
Ora le 10g . 623
623
,
. ,
. , .
, Sear h
When-Button-Pressed Sear h. Atta h.Debug; ( )
(Go_Blo k) . ,
. Sear h, . DebugAtta h
.
, , ,
. .
, ,
Web- Ora le.

, .
, , .
(runtime error).
, , , , , ,
, . ,
, .
, Sear h.
(BTN_TEST) . ,
.
DECLARE
i NUMBER;
j NUMBER;
BEGIN
i := 0;
j := 10/i;
END;
, .
. 9.13 , . ,
Ora le 10g . 624
624
9.
. 9.13. ,
. , .
. , .
.
, .
DECLARE
i NUMBER;
j NUMBER;
BEGIN
i := 0;
j := 10/i;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN Message(sqlerrm);
END;
Ora le 10g . 625
625
EXCEPTION END.
, . , .
:
EXCEPTION
WHEN ZERO_DIVIDE THEN j:=0;
WHEN OTHERS THEN Message(sqlerrm);
PL/SQL , . WHEN OTHERS, .
,
. , , .
. PL/SQL
, . BEGIN/EXCEPTION/END
, .
.
Test , EXCEPTION,
, Pre-Form.
EXCEPTION ,
. , ? , , .
. ON_ERROR . Sear h Agents.
1.
OnError.
2. , : Message('Error Code
is: '|| ERROR_CODE||' DBMS Error Code is: '||DBMS_ERROR_CODE);.
3. , .
4. A .
. 9.14 ,
. , . , , . .
IF (ERROR_CODE = 50016) THEN

Message('You must enter numbers only, not letters.');
Ora le 10g . 626
626
9.
. 9.14. ,
ELSE
Message('Error Code is: ' | | ERROR_CODE
| | ' DBMS Error Code is: ' |
| DBMS_ERROR_CODE);
END IF;
. , , . ,
DBMS_ERROR_CODE .
. , DBMS_ERROR_CODE = -1400 ,
.
Ora le 10g . 627
627
.
, . . , ,
.
. ,
. ,
. ,
.

. ,
.
. :
, .
. :
DECLARE
i1 NUMBER;
BEGIN
i1 := 5;
IF (i1 > 3) THEN
DECLARE
i2 NUMBER;
BEGIN
i2 := i1 + 10;
END;
END IF;
END;
.
. (i1 i2). , i1 ,
. . ( END),
. , , ,
. (i2) ,
IF. . END IF, ,
.
Ora le 10g . 628
628
9.
, , ,
. , , , .
Sear h.
Pre-Text-Item Txt_MinPri e.
:GLOBAL.MinPri e := :TXT_MINPRICE;
1.
Post-Text-Item Txt_MinPri e.
IF (:GLOBAL.MINPRICE <> :TXT_MINPRICE) THEN
Message('Minimum pri e has been hanged.');
END IF;
2.
3. 0 50000.
, ,
.
, , , ,
Pre-Text-Item, , . , ,
Post-Text-Item , . , (0) ,
, . , .
,
.
. ,
.
, , , , ,
. ,
, . ,
.
,
. .
GLOBAL (GLOBAL.), .
Ora le 10g . 629
629

,
, .
. ,
, , , .
,
. ;
,
.
.

,
.
,
. , Agents AgentID, . :
, ? ,
, , , . -
.
, ,
. Ora le . , Ora le
. : , , -, ,
, . . .
Insert ,
. Ora le
. .
, .
. ,
Ora le 10g . 630
630
9.
. , SQL*Plus.
1. , .
SELECT Max(AgentID) FROM Agents;

2. 15521,
. 15522 ,
20000.
CREATE SEQUENCE seq_Agents

INCREMENT BY 1
START WITH 20000;
3. SQL, , . , , .
SELECT seq_Agents.NEXTVAL FROM dual;

20000. 20001 .. , .
.
.
,
. , .
, , ,
. Forms Builder Agents.
, 8,
Agents.fmb Agents.fmx ,
, . , , .
, ,
. , On-Insert,
. , ,
Insert Re ord .
When-Create-Re ord. On-Insert
, Save.
When-Create-Re ord.
2. FileConne t,
1.
.
Ora le 10g . 631
631
Agents.
SELECT seq_Agents.NEXTVAL INTO :AGENTS.AGENTID FROM dual;
3. ,
4. Compile, , .
. ,
, , .
5. , .
. 9.15 Agents. , When-Create-Re ord
. , , - . , Exe ute Query
. . ,
. , , ,
, . When-New-Form-Instan e Exe ute_Query.
,
- .
, , . 9.7. , When-Create-Re ord
Pre-Form When-New-Form-Instan e.
, .
Pre-Form :GLOBAL.DoNotAdd := 1;.

2. When-New-Form-Instan e
:GLOBAL.DoNotAdd :=0;.
3. When-Create-Re ord IF, , : IF
(:GLOBAL.DoNotAdd = 0) THEN ... .
1.
. , , .
.
Ora le 10g . 632
632
9.
. 9.15.
AgentID

:
. , .
,
.
,
Ora le. . Agents. , , ,
Ora le 10g . 633
633
Gender .
. , . , ,
, .
Li ense Status.
LOV, . , , .
, , Li enseStatus .
.
. ,
, , ,
, .
1.
Date.
HireDate. ,
2. Yes Required, Lowest Allowed

Value 01-Jan-1990, Highest Allowed Value 30-De -2050.
3. HireDate 1980 .
.
4. HireDate
: $$DATE$$.
, .
.
. 9.16 ,
. , Format Mask,
, . (Format Mask)
. , ,
, Format Mask, FM"("999") "999"9
-"9999. , - ( )
. .
, .
, . , , .
Ora le 10g . 634
634
9.
. 9.16. ,
. , , , ,
, .
.
, , .
, . ,
- , , , ,
, .
PL/SQL, . Ora le When-Validate-Item.
1.
When-Validate-Item.
Birth Date
2. , , .
Ora le 10g . 635
635
IF (ADD_MONTHS(:BIRTHDATE, 18*12) > CURRENT_DATE) THEN

Message('The person must be at least 18 years old.');
RAISE FORM_TRIGGER_FAILURE;
END IF;
3. , Birth Date.
. 9.17 , ,
. , , , 18 . (FORM_TRIGGER_FAILURE),
. ,
:
. PL/SQL,
. IF/THEN. , ,
-, , . :
, ,
. , .

, , . ,
, , . , . Redwood
Realty . Sear h .
, . (Count
Sum).
,
,
. , ,
, . , , , ,
.
1. Sear h ListingResults.

.
Ora le 10g . 636
636
9.
. 9.17. ,
2. , . 9.1.
3. ListingResults. Query
All Re ords Yes.
4. Sear h_Blo k
.
5. , . 9.2.
6. .
Ora le 10g . 637
9.1.
Name
Enable
Keyboard Navigable
Data Type
Cal ulation Mode
Summary Fun tion
Summarized Blo k
Summarized Item
Database Item
Visible
Width
Height
Prompt
9.2.
637
Mat hCount
No
No
Number
Summary
Count
LISTINGRESULTS
LISTINGID
No
No
5
1
Count
Name
Enabled
Justifi ation
Data Type
Format Mask
Cal ulation Mode
Formula
Database Item
Prompt
Mat hCount
No
Right
Number
9,990
Formula
:LISTINGRESULTS.Mat hCount
No
Number of Mat hes
. ,
, , ,
.
. , Enabled No.
. 9.18 . ,
.
Ora le 10g . 638
638
9.
. 9.18.
, , ,
, . , , .
, .
, . ,
. .
Ora le 10g . 639
639

, , ,
. , .
. , .
, . ,
.
, , .
Ora le . .
. : ,
. , .
.
, .
.

, . Sear h.
, .
1.
Sear h.fmx.
Windows
Sear h.fmb
Sear h2.fmb Sear h2.fmx.

3. Sear h2.fmb , Test S ope,
. Txt_MinPri e.
4. Sear h2 , Sear h3
Sear h4, .
2.
Sear h PropertyID ,
, . , ,
. -
Ora le 10g . 640
640
9.
, .
, . ,
.
1. , Sear h_Properties Create (+). Properties
, , , Sear h_Canvas. , ,
; Sear h_Canvas.
2. , .
Properties . , :
Properties.PropertyID= ListingResults.PropertyID.
. , ,
, Auto Join .
3.
Properties. ,
. , ,
.
4. , . Sear h_Canvas
. Property. WhenButton-Pressed, :
GO_ITEM('PROPERTIES.PROPERTYID');
, , .
, PropertyID. WhenMouse-DoubleCli k. ,
Property, PropertyID
.
5. Properties ,
Sear h. Sear h.
When-Button-Pressed,
:
GO_ITEM('SEARCH_BLOCK.BTN_SEARCH');
6. .
Ora le 10g . 641
641
. 9.19.
. 9.19 .
, . Sear h, , .
, , . Property.
, , PropertyID.
Sear h, Sear h
. ,
PropertyID, Property, . ,
, Properties ListingResults.
, .

, .
? , -
Ora le 10g . 642
642
9.
, , ?
, .
.
, . .
. , , ,
.
, , ,
.
1. , Forms Builder. Sear h. ,
, Sear h3.fmb.
2. Sta ked Canvas, .
, ListingID PropertyID.
. 9.20 ,
. Properties.
3. Properties. : Properties.PropertyID=ListingResults.
PropertyID.
4. , Properties.
, ,
.
. , .
.
5. , . Properties ,
,
.
6. Sear h_Blo k , : Name=CHK_PROPERTY, Label=Property, Value when Che ked=1,
Value when Un he ked=0, Data Type=Number, Initial Value=0, Database
Item=No.
7. , Properties , Pre-Form.
( EXCEPTION) :
HIDE_VIEW('PROPERTIES');
Ora le 10g . 643
643

Stacked Canvas

. 9.20. ,
When-Che kbox-Changed .
IF (:CHK_PROPERTY > 0) THEN
SHOW_VIEW('PROPERTIES');
ELSE
HIDE_VIEW('PROPERTIES');
END IF;
8.
9.
.
Properties, -
. 9.21 . Property , .
, .
, .
, . , ,
Properties ,
.
Ora le 10g . 644
644
9.
. 9.21.
. , Windows , .
. .
, ,
.
. .
Ora le 10g . 645
645
- , . .
Sear h , , .
Sear h_Canvas.
1. Sear h.
Sear h4.fmb, .
2. , Canvas Create. : Name=MainTab, Canvas
Type=Tab, Ba kground=white.
3. (). .
Name=PG_SEARCH, Label=Sear h,
Name=PG_PROPERTY, Label=Property.
. ,
( ) .
4. Sear h_Canvas
MainTab. , Sear h_Canvas/Graphi s MainTab/PG_Sear h/
Graphi s. .
5. .
. ,
( ,
<Shift>, ). Canvas
Page Canvas MainTab, Page PG_Sear h.
ListingResults
. ,
, .
. 9.22 , .
6. ,
, Sear h_Canvas.
, Sear h_Canvas,
, .
7. , MainTab
Sear h_Canvas , , .
Ora le 10g . 646
646
9.
. ,
Sear h_Canvas.
8. . , Properties. Property , ,
. , Properties
.
Properties.PropertyID= ListingResults.PropertyID.
9. , MainTab PG_Property.
10. ,
, . , , Property
PropertyID.
When-Mouse-DoubleCli k PropertyID.
GO_ITEM('PROPERTIES.PROPERTYID ');
. Property, ,
OwnerID. ,
. , ,
. , .
1. MainTab.
PG_PROPERTY MainTab/Tab Pages. Create, . : Name=PG_OWNER,
label=Owner .
2. ,
Customers. Properties.
Customers.CustomerID= Properties.OwnerID.
3. ,
PG_OWNER.
4. , , OwnerID Property.
GO_ITEM('CUSTOMERS.CUSTOMERID');
. 9.23 . , . PropertyID
Property, .
Ora le 10g . 647
647
Canvas Page
. 9.22.
Canvas Page
. , ,
, . ,
, .
,
. ,
,
, .
. .

: ,
. , : ,
Ora le 10g . 648
648
9.
. 9.23. ,
Property Owner
,
OPEN_FORM. , . ,
. ,
.
, , .
. .
. .
Ora le 10g . 649
Web- JDeveloper
649
, . , , ,
, , .
, . . .
, .
, Property ( Owner) .
. ,
. UPDATE, INSERT DELETE.
. ,
. .
, ,
.
.
, .
.
,
. ,
. , (
).
Web- JDeveloper
, , , . ,
, . , , , ,
Java JInitiator. Web ,
. Ora le ,
Web-. , -
Ora le 10g . 650
650
9.
. Java-
HTML-,
.
Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) .
J2EE , . Ora le ,
(appli ation development framework ADF). JDeveloper,
, , .
JDeveloper. ,
Ora le. JDeveloper ,
Web- OTN. Zip- , JDeveloper OTN.
1. OTN JDeveloper.
2. . .
3. (/jdev/bin/jdevw.exe),
, Send ToDesktop, .

JDeveloper .
. , , ,
, . .
, , , ,
. , .
, . , JDeveloper.
, Web-,
.
.
.
1. , JDeveloper,
(C:\Temp).
Ora le 10g . 651
Web- JDeveloper
651
2. HousePhoto.jpg,
, .
3. SQL*Plus Listings ,
.

ADD PhotoFile NVARCHAR2(250);
4. SQL*Plus, ;
, .
UPDATE Listings
SET PhotoFile = 'C:\Temp\HousePhoto.jpg'
WHERE ListingID=14979;
Web-, . ,
. JDeveloper,
. Web- : Appli ation Workspa e;
; Web-, .
, JDeveloper . .
. JDeveloper
. (Appli ation Navigator). .
.
,
. , . .
,
,
. , ,
View .

, . , , ,
. ,
, , -
Ora le 10g . 652
652
9.
Ora le Net Manager

.
1. JDeveloper, Conne tions Appli ation Navigator.
2. Database New
Conne tion.
Database
3. , ,
Next.
4. . 9.24 JDeveloper . Conne tion Name Redwood.
5. Next .
6. Deploy Password Next.
, , ,
. , , ,
, .
, , .
.
1. , , .
2. SID ,
.
3. Next, Test Conne tion.
4. , Next,
Finish, .
.
, .
, .
, . jdev\mywork, ,
JDeveloper.
5. Appli ations Appli ation Navigator.
6. Appli ations New
ation Workspa e.
7.
RedwoodRealty.
Appli-
Ora le 10g . 653
Web- JDeveloper
653
. 9.24. JDeveloper
Web Appli ation [Default Appli ation

Template OK.
8.
, Appli ation Navigator Model ViewController.

.
-
, , Ora le
Apa he Jakarta.
(MVC model-view- ontroller). .
. Java-, ,
,
. .
, .
Ora le 10g . 654
654
9.
. 9.25.
.
1.
New.
Model
2. Business Tier Business Components. Items Business Components from Tables. OK .

3. , RedwoodRealty
OK. ,
Next.
, .
. 9.25.
, .
1. , Listings >, Sele ted, . Properties
Next.
2. , . Next.
3.
Listings Properties,
Ora le 10g . 655
Web- JDeveloper
655
,
. Next.
4. RedwoodRealtyAM
Next. Finish.
, , . .
,
, .
, ,
, .
, , .
, , .
.
.
Listings Properties,
. Bedrooms,
Bathrooms SQFT Properties. ListingsView .
1.
ListingsView.
2. Entity Obje ts, Listings. >, Sele ted.

Properties.
3. Attributes Housephoto.
Control Hints. Display Hint Hide.
4. Query, SQL- . Housephoto.
5. ( ) Properties Listings Properties. , INNER JOIN.
SELECT Listings.LISTINGID,
Listings.PROPERTYID,
Listings.LISTINGAGENTID,
Listings.SALESTATUSID,
Listings.BEGINLISTDATE,
Listings.ENDLISTDATE,
Listings.ASKINGPRICE,
Ora le 10g . 656
656
9.
. 9.26.
Properties
Listings.PHOTOFILE,
Properties.BEDROOMS,
Properties.BATHROOMS,
Properties.SQFT,
Properties.YEARBUILT
FROM LISTINGS Listings, PROPERTIES Properties
WHERE Listings.PROPERTYID = Properties.PROPERTYID
6. Order By LISTINGID . Test, .
7. Attributes. Properties,
, Bedrooms, Bathrooms, SQFT YearBuilt. Sele ted, . OK,
.
. 9.26 Attribute, Properties, .
, ,
. , : Entity Obje ts
; Query,
SELECT; Attributes
.
Ora le 10g . 657
Web- JDeveloper
657
JSP
Web-
. ,
HTML-
. HTML,
, . .
ViewController New.
Web Tier JavaServer Pages (JSP),
JSP Page Items. OK.
ListingProperty.jsp
OK.
Property Listing. ,
, Heading 1.
Components ,
. CSS.
JDeveloper .
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
CSS. ,
.
.
6. , .
HTML Form.
7. : Listing ID, Asking Pri e, Bedrooms, Bathrooms, SQFT Year Built.
.
8. Data Controls. RedwoodRealtyAMDataControl, ListingsView1. Listingid .
.
Photofile.
9. Operations, ListingsView1. Previous . ,
Next.
Ora le 10g . 658
658
9.
HTML
. 9.27.
10. , ,
. ,
Paragraph, Heading 1.
. 9.27 .
.
11. , ViewController Run. Next, .
, ,
.
. , . , ,
. <if>, JSTL.
HTML- <img> .
Ora le 10g . 659
Web- JDeveloper
659
. 9.28.
1. . Sour e , . ,
Photofilename. :
< :if test="${bindings.Photofile != ''}"

<img sr =' :out value="${bindings.Photofile}"/>' height="100px'>
</ :if>
2. . . 9.28 , . ,
. ,
Photofile , .
, , HTML. , .
.
.
Ora le 10g . 660
660
9.
, . ,
.
, ,
Ora le.
.
, Where , . ,
.
.
. Ora le
. , , WHERE, .
,
.
SQL-. ,
.
. ,
, (, )
. ,
. , SQL-
, , , .
1. Appli ation Navigator RedwoodRealtyAM,
Stru ture RedwoodRealtyAMImpl.java,
.
2.
:
publi void setConditions (String sLow, String sHigh,

String nBedrooms, String nBathrooms)
{
ora le.jbo.ViewObje t LVO = findViewObje t("ListingsView1");
String sWhereClause = "SALESTATUSID=101"
+ " AND (BATHROOMS >= " + nBathrooms + ")"
+ " AND (BEDROOMS >= " + nBedrooms + ")";
sWhereClause += " AND (ASKINGPRICE >= " + sLow + ")"
+ " AND (ASKINGPRICE < " + sHigh + ")";
Ora le 10g . 661
Web- JDeveloper
661
LVO.setWhereClause(sWhereClause);
LVO.exe uteQuery();
3. RedwoodRealtyAM ,
. Client Interfa e. setConditions >,
Sele ted. OK.
, . JDeveloper ,
. Struts ; ,
Struts Page Flow Diagram.
1. ViewController Open Struts
Page Flow Diagram. Data A tion Component
/ListingProperty.
/setConditions.
2. , , Data Controls. RedwoodRealtyAMDataControl, Operations.
setConditions Data
A tion.
3. Components, .
Forward. /setConditions,
/ListingProperty.
. 9.29 , /setConditions
/ListingProperty. WHERE
, ListingProperty
.
, - setConditions.
, ,
.
1. struts /ListingProperty,
.
2. , . Components. Struts
HTML ( HTML!).
Ora le 10g . 662
662
9.
. 9.29. Struts Page Flow Diagram
3. JSP- setConditions.do .
OK.
4.
rooms.
Low Pri e, High Pri e, Bedrooms Bath-
5. HTML. , ,
, Low Pri e. Property Inspe tor
LowPri e , 0.
HighPri e 250000.
6. Radio Button, Bedrooms 1. nBeds 1. , 1, 2, 3, 4 5 or more. ,
, , . Che ked
true.
Ora le 10g . 663
Web- JDeveloper
663
. 9.30.
7. Bathrooms , ;
nBaths. Submit
Sear h Value.
8. Sour e
<form>. , :
<form a tion="ListingProperty.do">
. 9.30 . - .
,
, . , .
. .
,
.
Ora le 10g . 664
664
9.

, .
1. , .
2. Stru ture, ,
A tion Mappings, /setConditions.
, : paramNames[0.
3. ( )
value ${param.LowPri e}. ,
, .
${param.HighPri e},
${param.nBeds} ${param.nBaths}.
5. DiagramRefresh
Diagram from All Pages.
4.
. 9.31, , /ListingProperty ( ) /setConditions. , /ListingProperty .

Next Previous, ListingProperty
. .
1.
Run.
ListingProperty
2. , 100000 130000,
Query.
3. Next, ,
.
. 9.32 .
, . ,
, , .
,
.
. , ,
.
. , , .
Ora le 10g . 665
665
. 9.31. JSP-

, .
, , . , ,
.. , . -, , , -, , , -,
, .
,
, , .
,
, .
Ora le 10g . 666
666
9.
. 9.32.
Ora le , .
, ,
. Pre-Form, When-Button-Pressed
When-Validate-Item. .
, , , .
, . , ,
. ,
, EXCEPTION.
On-Error , . .
.

, ,
. -
Ora le 10g . 667
667
: , ,
, .
-. , .
, .
, . .
, .
.
.
.
. . ,
,
, .
, .
.
. ,
.

alert
EXCEPTION

GLOBAL
Ora le 10g . 668
668
9.
( )

WHERE
1. alert , .
2.
.
3. , When-Button-Pressed, Pre-Form.
4. .
5. .

1. , , , _____,
.
2. _____
, .
3. ,
_____.
4. _____,
, .
5. , , ,
_____.

1. , , PL/SQL, :
) EXCEPTION.
Ora le 10g . 669
669
On-Error.
) DECLARE.
) GLOBAL.
) Pre-Form.
)
2. ,
, :
) GLOBAL.oldValue Pre-Text-Item.
.oldValue Post-Text-Item.
) Sequen e.NEXTVAL Pre-Text-Item.
) GO_ITEM('GLOBAL') Pre-Text-Item.
) Post-Text-Item.
)
3.
?
) GO_ITEM
) SHOW_ALERT
) ADD_MONTHS
) ADD_LIST_ELEMENT
) SHOW_VIEW
4. :
) Pre-Form, On-Logon, When-New-Item-Instan e, Pre-Re ord.
When-New-Form-Instan e, Pre-Blo k, When-New-Blo k-Instan e, PostLogon.

) Pre-Logon, Pre-Form, Pre-Blo k, When-New-Blo k-Instan e.
) Pre-Form, Pre-Re ord, Pre-Text-Item, Pre-Blo k, Post-Form.
) When-New-Item-Instan e, When-New-Re ord-Instan e, When-New-Blo kInstan e.
5. ?
) , .
) .
) .
) , .
) .
Ora le 10g . 670
670
9.
1. Readwood Realty
.
, , .
, , (
, , ) , . .
, Sear h,
.
1. , ,
(Sear h_Canvas) (Sear h_Blo k). Beginning Date, Ending Date Listing Agent.
, 01-Jan-2006 31- De -2006.
Sale Status (For Sale = 101, Pending = 102, Sold =
103). LOV .
SELECT AGENTS.AGENTID, AGENTS.LASTNAME,

AGENTS.FIRSTNAME FROM AGENTS ORDER BY
AGENTS.LASTNAME, AGENTS.FIRSTNAME
2. SQL PLUS .
CREATE VIEW AgentListings AS SELECT

ListingID, Listings.PropertyID,
ListingAgentID, SaleStatusID,
BeginListDate, EndListDate, AskingPri e,
City FROM Properties INNER JOIN Listings ON
Properties.PropertyID =
Listings.PropertyID;
3. (Listings), .
, : Query All Re ords=Yes,
Query Data Name=

(SELECT ListingID, PropertyID,
ListingAgentID, SaleStatusID,
BeginListDate, EndListDate, City,
AskingPri e FROM AgentListings)
WHERE lause =
(BeginListDate <= :SEARCH_BLOCK.TXT_ENDDATE
AND EndListDate >= :SEARCH_BLOCK.TXT_
BEGINDATE) AND (ListingAgentID =
:SEARCH_BLOCK.TXT_AGENTID) AND
(SaleStatusID =
:SEARCH_BLOCK.LIST_SALESTATUS)
ORDER By = BeginListDate
Query Data Sour e Columns.
Ora le 10g . 671
671
4. ,
Listings. ListingID, PropertyID, BeginListDate, EndListDate AskingPri e.
5. Sear h_Blo k Sear h
GO_BLOCK('LISTINGS'); EXECUTE_QUERY;.
6. , , . , Agent
, .
GO_ITEM('TXT_AGENTID'); LIST_VALUES;.
7. LISTINGS ,
, . 9.23, Prompt
Name=Subtotal, Summary Fun tion=Sum, Summarized Blo k=LISTINGS
Summarized Item=ASKINGPRICE.
8. Sear h_Blo k , Asking Pri e. Name=Subtotal, Justifi ation=Right, Data
Type=Number, Format Mask=$99,999,990, Cal ulation Mode=Formula, Formula=:LISTINGS.Subtotal, Database Item=No, Prompt=Subtotal.
9. . ,
.
2. Coffee Mer hant
Coffee Mer hant Order,

.
, ,
.
. InventoryID , Inventory.
,
.
1. Orders.fmb, 8, . , , . Initial Value=$$DATE$$.
2. . (Main_Canvas)
Inventory.
3. ,
Inventory. , Inventory.InventoryID
Ora le 10g . 672
672
9.
=OrderLines.InventoryID. Inventory. ,
. ,
Inventory_Canvas, , .
4. Pre-Form ,
. ,
, .
IF (:CHK_INVENTORY > 0) THEN

SHOW_VIEW('INVENTORY');
ELSE
HIDE_VIEW('INVENTORY');
END IF;
5. OrderID, Orders (seq_Orders,
300000) ,
Orders . , . ,
Pre-Form When-New-Form-Instan e.
6. . . , Name. ItemValue, Cal ulation Mode=Formula Formula = ROUND ((:ORDERLINES.QUANTITY*: ORDERLINES.PRICE) * (1-:ORDERLINES. DISCOUNT),2).
, .
7. , . . , , . 9.23, Name=Subtotal, Summary Fun tion=Sum, Summarized Blo k=ORDERLINES Summarized Item=ITEMVALUE.
8. Orders ,
ItemValue. Name=Subtotal, Justifi ation=Right, Data
Type=Number, Format Mask=FML9G999D00, Cal ulation Mode=Formula, Formula=:ORDERLINES.Subtotal, Database Item=No, Prompt=Subtotal. , Query All Re ords ORDERLINES
Yes.
9. . ,
.
Ora le 10g . 673
673
3. Rowing Ventures
Rowing Ventures .
,
. , ,
. ,
.
. Ra eDay. Ra e, Ra eTimes, Boat + BoatCrew, Person Organization.
,
. Ra e Times . Times. Boat + BoatCrew
, ,
8. Person Organization . ,
. , , .
Ra e , . EXECUTE_QUERY; When-New-Blo k-Instan e
Ra e.
Ra eID.
, , .
, .
.
.
, .
, .
Broad loth Clothing, ,

.
, .
Shipment ShipmentItem.
.
.
Item. , , .
Ora le 10g . 674
674
9.
, .
. .
,
ShipmentID. Item ,
Item, ModelDes ription Model. Customer ,
. ,
.
, CustomerOrder .
, . Shipment Item , OrderID. ,
OrderID, .
. , OrderID , . :
SELECT ALL CUSTOMERORDER.ORDERID,

CUSTOMERORDER.CUSTOMERID,
CUSTOMERORDER.ORDERDATE
FROM CUSTOMERORDER
WHERE CUSTOMERID=:SHIPMENT.CUSTOMERID
ORDER BY CUSTOMERORDER.ORDERDATE
,
OrderID.
BEGIN
SELECT DeliveryAddress,
DeliveryCity,
DeliveryState,
DeliveryPostal,
DeliveryNation
INTO :SHIPMENT.ShipAddress,
:SHIPMENT.ShipCity,
:SHIPMENT.ShipState,
:SHIPMENT.ShipPostal,
:SHIPMENT.ShipNation
FROM CustomerOrder WHERE
OrderID=:SHIPMENTITEM.OrderID;
END;
, , . , , .
, ,
.
Ora le 10g . 675

Automati database diagnosti monitor (ADDM). , . Enterprise Manager; ADDM
.
COMMIT. , , COMMIT, .
Data Pump. Ora le, .
Developer Suite. ,
-.
DUAL. , Ora le,
. (, ), .
END. , PL/SQL.
Enterprise Manager (EM). Web, .
EXISTS. , .
IN OUT. , ,
,
.
IN. ,
,
.
Integer. , .
JInitiator. Java-, Ora le,
Web- .
.
Lightweight dire tory appli ation proto ol (LDAP). ,
.
MetaLink. Ora le. MetaLink
. Enterprise Manager.
NULL. , , .
Ora le Appli ation Server (Ora leAS). ,
Ora le 10g . 676
676
. .
Ora le Containers for Java (OC4J). Web-,
.
OC4J, .
Ora le Internet Dire tory (OID). ,
.
OUT. , .
P-. .
, PL/SQL.
Se ure so kets layer (SSL). , .
SQL A ess Advisor. , SQL- . ,
.
SQL Tuning Advisor. , SQL-
.
SQL*Loader. Ora le,
, .CSV.
STANDARD Extensions. , , .
Unied Modeling Language (UML). ,
.
Very large-s ale database (VLSD). , ,
.
.
.
(Database administrator DBA). , .
. , PL/SQL
.
. , ,
SQL PL/SQL, .
. , ,
.
. , .
Ora le 10g . 677
677
. .
. , , .
, -.
. ,
. .
. , .
. , .
. SQL PL/SQL.
. , , .
. , .
(virtual private database VPD). Ora le, . ,
, .
. ,
, NULL.
. , Ora le,
SQL*Loader . .CSV.
, .
. ,
.
. , , .
. , FROM .
. .
. ,
. , ,
. ,
.
.
(2NF), , , .
.
SQL*Plus.
Ora le 10g . 678
678
EXCEPTION. ,
, .
.
GROUP BY. SELECT,
.
HAVING. SELECT,
.
ORDER BY. SELECT, , .
ROLLBACK. SQL-, , .
WHERE. SELECT, ,
.
WITH ADMIN OPTION. , SQL GRANT .
. , - PL/SQL.
. , .
. , , , ,
.
. , SELECT, . .
(. ).
. , .
.
. ,
.
. . , ,
,
.
(re overy manager RMAN). Ora le,
.
Ora le 10g . 679
679
. , .
.
. , , .
. , .
. ,
.
. , .
. . .
, ,
, .
. , .
.
. , .
. , - PL/SQL,
.
. , , ,
.
. INSERT, UPDATE DELETE, .
. ,
.
(*). SELECT ,
.
. (, ..),
.
, "CreditLimit".
. PL/SQL, . .
. ,
(, , ).
. ,
.
. , .
Ora le 10g . 680
680
(publi -key infrastru ture PKI).

. ,
, .
. ,
PL/SQL.
(Cas ading style sheet CSS). , Web-.
. ,
<Alt>, .
. , .
. , , . .
. , .
.
SQL*Plus. Ora le SQL, , ,
.
. , , , , .
. PL/SQL , .
. ,
.
. , .
, PL/SQL,
.
- . , .
. , ,
. SELECT.
. ,
.
Ora le 10g . 681
681
. .
. , PL/SQL ,
SELECT.
. ,
, NULL.
(Redundant array of independent

drives RAID). ,
. .
.
. , .
.
.
. .
.
. .
. ,
.
. , .
, .
. .
. ,
.
.
. SQL
.
. SQL
.
. , . .
. ,
. . 8.3.
Ora le.
. ,
.
. .
Ora le 10g . 682
682
.
, .
. , . .
. ,
PL/SQL. , SELECT PL/SQL .
. , .
. , ,
.
. , . . , , .
. , , .
. , .
Enterprise Manager.
. , .
. , ,
.
. ,
DML, .
. ,
.
. , INSERT, UPDATE DELETE .
. , , .
.
, .
, . ,
.
. .

, .
Ora le 10g . 683
683
.
, , . .
. .

.
. , , .
CHECK. , true .
NOT NULL. , NULL.
. ,
, .
. , ,
, .
.
, .
. ,
, .
. ,
.

.
.
.
. SQL-
.
. , ; .
. , .
IN. , ,
.
LIKE.
.
. , SELECT .
Ora le 10g . 684
684
. ,
.
. .
. , ,
.
. , .
.
. , , , .
. EXCEPTION.
. ,
.
DESFORMAT. ,
.
DESTYPE. ,
.
PCTFREE. , . CREATE TABLE , .
PCTUSED. , . CREATE TABLE , Ora le
.
UserID. <_>/<>
<_>, ,
.
. ,
. .
.
, .
. , ,
.
. , .
. , .
.
. SQL.
.
Ora le 10g . 685
685
. SQL*Plus, ,
.
. , PL/SQL.
. , Ora le
. , .
- . .
. . .
. , SQL-, , .
. , . .
. , .
. , .
. ,
, , .
. , ,
. , .
. ,
.
, .
. . , .
. , .
. N- ,
.
. , , NULL.
. .
Ora le 10g . 686
686
.
.
. ,
.
. .
, , .
GLOBAL. .
,
.
.
. , Ora le .
. ,
(SELECT).
. ,
.
. , ,
.
SQL. .
.
. PL/SQL, Ora le
.
. , .
. , PL/SQL ,
.
. , SELECT.
. ,
.
. .
. .
. .
72 , .
.

.
Ora le 10g . 687
687
. PL/SQL,
DECLARE. ,
.
. , , .
. , BEGIN END.
. PL/SQL,
EXCEPTION .
. , .
.
. , , .
,
. , ,
,
.
. ,
, .
.
. , ,
.
. .
. , .
. ,
.
. .
. ,
.
. ,
.
. Ora le.
. .
. , , .
. , .
Ora le 10g . 688
688
. .
(). , , , , .
. ,
Ora le, , .
. , . , ,
.
. , , , .
. , .
Ora le. .
. , .
. , , GROUP BY DISTINCT .
. SQL, .
. Ora le,
, .
. ,
, .
. SELECT .
. , .
(List of Values LOV). ,
.
.
. , FROM
, .
. ,
.
. , .
. .
Ora le 10g . 689
689
. Ora le , .
,
.
. SQL-, .
. , , -.
. , . , ,
.
Undo. . Rollba k
.
. . .
. , .
Magi . , ,
.
. , .
. , ;
.
. SQL,
. , .
.
(3NF), 2NF
.
. , , .
. , Ora le, , .
. , WHERE.
. WHERE ,
Ora le .
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Ora le 10g . 693
ADDM Advisor, CD214

ADF, 650
Appli ation development framework, 650
Memory Advisor, CD217

MetaLink, CD200
Mi rosoft A tive Dire tory, CD126
Model-view- ontroller, 653
MVC, 653
Net Manager, 550
Buffer Ca he Advisor, CD217
CSS, 657
Database administrator, CD171

DBA, CD171
Developer Suite, 549; 675
DML-, 503
Enterprise Manager, CD173
FGA, CD163
Fine-Grained Auditing, CD163
Forms Builder, 549; 551
J2EE, 650
Java 2 Enterprise Edition, 650
JDeveloper, 650
JInitiator, 549; 560; 649
JSP, 657
LOV, 575
Obje t Navigator, 552

OC4J, 550
OID, CD197; CD125
Ora le Appli ation Server, CD92
Ora le Containers for Java, 550
Ora le Internet Dire tory, CD97
Ora leAS, CD92
OTN, 650
P-, 520
PGA Advisor, CD217
PKI, CD151
PL/SQL, 471
Publi -key infrastru ture, CD151
Query A ess Advisor, CD217
RAID, CD151
RAISE, 478
Re overy manager, CD209
Report Wizard, CD28
Reports Builder, CD5; CD9
Ora le 10g . 694
694
RMAN, CD209
Se ure so kets layer, CD151

Segment Advisor, CD217
Shared Pool Advisor, CD217
SSL, CD151
SQL A ess Advisor, CD217
SQL Tuning Advisor, CD217
SQL*Loader, CD195
SQL*Plus, 483
SunONE Dire tory Server, CD126
Undo Advisor, CD217
Very large-s ale database, CD191

Virtual private database, CD133; CD146
VLSD, CD191
VPD, CD133; CD146
, 32

, 577
, 32, CD271
, 473

, 653
, CD112
, CD125
, 31
PL/SQL, 473
, 552; 601; CD181
, 476
, CD7

, CD133

, CD146
, 644

, 571
, CD41

, 571
, CD195

, CD182
, 627
, 508
/ , 508
, 525
, 513
, CD22
CASE, 501
IF, 501
, 508
, 476; CD89
, CD147
, CD2
, CD209
, CD163
, CD62
, CD67
, CD172; CD199
, CD97
, CD124
, CD102
Ora le 10g . 695
, CD97
, CD89
, CD7
, 557
, CD7
, 474
, CD151
, CD123
, 507
, CD79
, CD193
, CD114
, CD151
, CD87
, CD7
, 635
, CD150
, CD79
, CD189
BEGIN, 474; 476
DECLARE, 474
EXCEPTION, 474; 478;
625
END, 474
, 579
, 546
, 475
, 471
, 474
, CD124
, 477; 490
695
, 590
, 697

, CD178
LOV, 575
, 553
, 553
, CD7
, CD226
, CD2
, CD2
, CD100
, 653; CD29
, 526
, 515
, CD155
, CD199
, 287
, 473
, 477
, 490
, CD7
, 627
, 642
, CD190
, CD199
, 487
, 624
, 552
, 610; 612

, CD48
Ora le 10g . 696
696

, CD48
, CD48
, 394
, CD129
, 552
, 565
, CD7
, 501
, 546; 547
, 269
, CD151
, 620
, 547; 682
, CD37
, CD1
, 623
, 551
IN OUT, 508
IN, 508
OUT, 508
desformat, CD94
destype, CD94
PCTFREE, CD187
PCTUSED, CD188
, CD43
, 508
, 38
, 579
, CD50
-
, 520
-
, 473
, CD38
, 473
, 254
, 547; 584
, 557
, CD128
, CD44
, CD49

, 613
, 240; 629

, CD182
, CD2
, 620

Web-, CD55
, CD73
, 632
, CD2
, CD38
, 490
LDAP, CD126
, 473; 508
, CD7
, 474
, 507
, 476
, 474
, CD191
, CD131
, CD192
, CD181
, CD153
, 564
, CD204
, CD102
, CD128
, CD76
Ora le 10g . 697
, 405
, CD181
Ora le, CD92
, CD150
, CD227
, CD129
, CD43
, 476
, 476
, CD5
, 612
, CD76
, CD36
, 521
, 509
, 476
, CD28
, 575
, CD193

Java, CD110

Web, CD110
, CD108
, 476
Page Layout, CD15
Paper Design, CD13
, CD100
, 31
, 287
, CD61
, 546; 582
Undo, CD182
, CD180
, CD2
, 620
697
, 269
, 268
, 528
, 517; 519
, CD179
wrap, CD155
, CD126
.CSV, CD195
, CD181
Redo, CD186
Undo, CD186
, 268
, CD47
, CD46
, 579
Web, 549

, CD44
, 546
, 601; CD19
CALL_FORM, CD88
OPEN_FORM, CD88
, 473;508
, CD207
, 551; 600
, 639; 644
, 639; 641

, 639
-, CD193
, 263
, CD124
Ora le 10g . 698
698
FOR, 490
WHILE, 490
, 490
, CD151
Default, CD50
, CD49; CD77
, CD150
, CD150
, CD150
, CD193
, 551
, 477; 490
Ora le 10g . 699
Ora le 10g

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101509, . , . , . 43, . 1
15.08.2006. 70x100/16.
Times. .
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Перри Джеймс, Пост Джеральд - Введение в Oracle 10g

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"" -

ISBN 5-8459-1113-3 (.)

Ora le Enterprise Manager

Coffee Mer hant

Broad loth Clothing

SQL*Plus for Windows

Coffee Mer hant

Broad loth Clothing

4. Broad loth Clothing

Paper Design Paper Layout

(Data Manipulation Language  DML). 5

www.ora le. om, . -

, (Database Management System  DBMS),

Ora le Java, , Web-

151, 'Jones', 'Mary', '111-2222', '123 Main', 'Eureka'

order- ustomer (. . 1.10) .

OrderID OrderDate CustomerID

CustomerID FName LName

111-2222 123 Main Eureka CA

Steuben 555-2351 111 Main Orick

Orders OrderID, (OrderDate) , (CustomerID).

. Ora le , Enterprise Manager   ,

5. ( HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Servi es HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet002\Servi es). ,

 Ora le Appli ation Server.

. 1.22.  Forms and Reports Servi es

1. Web-. URL iSQL,

SELECT * FROM Clients;

DROP TABLE Clients PURGE;

Banker Category), Exe ute Query ( ).

1. TCP/IP, . Web URL . ( ).

Administration Enterprise Manager

. 1.30. Redwood Realty

), Pending ( ) Sold ().  ,

Coffee Mer hant

, , , .. Countries, 256 , . Inventory Countries

. 1.33.  Coffee Mer hant

ing Ra e, Ra eTimes, Boat, BoatCrew Person 

Broad loth Clothing

. 1.37. Broad loth Clothing

, . , Broad loth Clothing ,

ListingProperty(ListingID, StartDate, AgentID,

(Stru tured Query Language  SQL)

(SQL2). ANSI, SQL99 (SQL3),

SQL, SQL*Plus for Windows

 Ora le 10g  . 100

 Ora le 10g  . 101

 Ora le 10g  . 102

 Ora le 10g  . 103

1. Start () , Run (),

 Ora le 10g  . 104

SQL> START C:\Ch02SaleStatus.sql

 Ora le 10g  . 105

SQL*Plus for Windows

SQL*Plus for Windows

 Ora le 10g  . 106

. SQL*Plus, SQLPlus, Send To (), Desktop ( reate

2. User Name <Tab>.

3. OK, Ora le.

 Ora le 10g  . 107

SQL*Plus for Windows

INSERT INTO SaleStatus

INSERT INTO SaleStatus VALUES (102, 'Pending');

 Ora le 10g  . 108

INSERT INTO SaleStatus

(Data Manipulation Language DML). 5

, (Database Management System DBMS),

. Ora le , Enterprise Manager ,

Ora le Appli ation Server.

. 1.22. Forms and Reports Servi es

. 1.30. Redwood Realty

), Pending ( ) Sold (). ,

, , , .. Countries, 256 , . Inventory Countries

. 1.33. Coffee Mer hant

ing Ra e, Ra eTimes, Boat, BoatCrew Person

. 1.37. Broad loth Clothing

, . , Broad loth Clothing ,

(Stru tured Query Language SQL)

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Ora le 10g . 111

3. Conne t Identier, <Tab>

SQL, PL/SQL and SQL*Plus statements,

Ora le 10g . 112

Ora le 10g . 113

Ora le 10g . 114

4. <Enter>, SQL . Ora le (. 2.9)

, Agents Li enseStatus, . Agents 29 ,

Ora le 10g . 115

, Redwood Realty. Li enseStatus 16

Ora le 10g . 116

Ora le 10g . 117

Ora le 10g . 118

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HELP CONNECT SQLPlus SQLPlus.

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