Cait Manual e

MANUAL
CAIT
(Computer Aided Inclining Test)
II / 1995
HOPPE Bordmesstechnik GmbH
Hoppe Bordmesstechnik Page 1
CAIT 2/95
Contents
Introduction............................................................................................................2
2 Start of Software ............................................................................................4
3 Survey of menu functions ..............................................................................6
3.1 FILE.............................................................................................................6
3.1.1 EXIT.......................................................................................................................... 6
3.1.2 SHOW TEST............................................................................................................. 6
3.2 SETTINGS....................................................................................................7
3.2.1 Seawater Density ....................................................................................................... 7
3.2.2 Tankwater Density..................................................................................................... 7
3.3 WINDOW .....................................................................................................8
3.3.1 SHIPGRAPHICS....................................................................................................... 8
3.3.2 SHIPDATA............................................................................................................... 9
3.3.3 PLAUSIBILITIES................................................................................................... 10
3.3.4 START AUTOMATIC TEST................................................................................. 11
3.4 ALARM LIST..............................................................................................11
4 User input and its indication.......................................................................12
5 Performance of an Inclining-Test ...............................................................13
5.1 Preconditions .............................................................................................13
5.1.1 Draught values......................................................................................................... 14
5.1.2 Preset values for the test .......................................................................................... 14
5.2 Start of Test ................................................................................................14
5.3 Automatic control of test progress .............................................................15
5.4 Print of report ............................................................................................15
5.5 Test Stop.....................................................................................................15
6 Calculation Basics ........................................................................................16
6.1 Draught ......................................................................................................16
6.2 Displacement..............................................................................................17
7 RS485-Interface............................................................................................17
8 Connection of printer...................................................................................17
9 Annex.............................................................................................................18
9.1 Print of example.........................................................................................18
CAIT 2/95
Introduction
The program CAIT is to support the navigators in determining the actual ship
stability. For determination of the actual GM value of a ship an inclining test is
carried out in the course of which the ship is inclined by a certain angle. When the
displacement, the moment producing the inclination and the finally achieved
inclining angle are known, the value GM can be calculated acc. to a simple
formula.
In order to automate this inclining test, the Hoppe system CAIT was designed.
The system consists of several components which, when working together, can
carry out automatically a complete inclining test.
In order to incline the ship by a certain angle, a quantity of water, which can be
detected exactly by means of sensors, is pumped between two opposite tanks by
means of the Hoppe Anti-Heeling plant. When doing so the angle of the ship
and the quantity of water pumped are continuously detected and shown
graphically. From the geometric positions of the tanks and the water quantity
the inclining moment on the ship can be calculated and the actual GM can be
determined by the angle.
The analogous measuring values of tank contents and angle are detected by a
measuring device for the tank contents.
In order to detect automatically the displacement as well, the draughts of the
ship are detected by means of two draught sensors, one forward and one after of
the ship. The middle draught should be read from the pier by the crew and
manually input, through an anglemeter calibrated for list the opposite middle
draught will be calculated. The trim resulting will calculate with the both
draughts sensors forward and aft. From these values displacement can be
determined by means of a table. Moreover, these values are pre-processed by
the measuring device of tank contents. A PC program which is connected with
the anti-heeling plant and the tank contents plant by means of serial interfaces
serves for control of the components mentioned and for detection and
indication of the measured values. This program controls the heeling pump and
the corresponding valves acc. to a determined scheme in order to make possible
automatic progress. During the test the measure variables List and GM are
shown graphically. Moreover, during the test a plausibility check is carried out
continuously for the decisive measured values, so a test is interrupted in case of
defective sensors.

CAIT 2/95
For this control the inclining angle is detected by two independent emitters. If
there is a considerable discrepancy between both sensors, the automatic test is
interrupted.
Moreover, certain min. resp. max. values are permanently monitored during the
test. Among others, these are the draughts, sagging/hogging, list, tank contents
of the stability tanks as well as different time conditions.
Despite of the safety precautions described the operator is
obliged to check all values measured automatically for deviations
at regular intervals, e. g. by visual check of the draughts and the
tank levels.
Additional the middle draught must be manually input by reading
it at the shore side.
CAIT 2/95
2 Start of Software
The CAIT program is a program which can be started under WINDOWS 3.1,
WINDOWS FOR WORKGROUPS 3.11, WINDOWS 95 as well as WINDOWS
NT V3.5 and 4.0.
We expect you to be familiar with starting and handling of WINDOWS and we
refer you to the corresponding documentation of Messrs. MICROSOFT.
Nevertheless we shall explain in short handling at the corresponding subjects.
In order to start the program you look for the group CAIT in the Windows
program manager and click twice (double click) on the symbol named Inclining
Test CAIT.
Immediately the main window of the program with the logo CAIT is loading
will open. After a short starting phase a ship graphic will be shown in the main
window which shows the most important measuring points and their actual
measuring values which include the inclining angle, the draughts at the draught
marks and the tank contents.
CAIT 2/95
Note: if the spaces for the measured values in the graphics remain empty for
more than 20 s, connection to the tank measuring plant is interrupted. If so, check
functioning of the tank measuring plant and cabling.
CAIT 2/95
At the upper edge of the main window you find a menu bar indicating the most
important functions. The menus can be opened by means of the mouse button,
from the selection list appearing then individual items can be selected by the
mouse as well.
E.g. in order to terminate the program, choose the first item FILE. By clicking on
the sub-item EXIT you leave the program after a safety enquiry.
3 Survey of menu functions
As a rule Windows programs are controlled by the mouse via switching surfaces
and menu bars. Nevertheless all menu items can also be controlled by the
keyboard. Via the key ALT and a letter key all menu items can be selected. The
letter key to be used is underlined in the menu name (as a rule the first letter).
E.g. choose the menu FILE by the key combination ALT + F. When doing so
the ALT key is to be pushed down first and kept down until you have pushed the
letter key. (By the way you can terminate a menu opened by the key ESC).
3.1 FILE
3.1.1 EXIT
The program is left when this function is actuated. However, the program is left
only after an additional safety enquiry.
3.1.2 SHOW TEST
By means of this function you can look at test results of former inclining tests in a
report window and have them printed if required. If selected the window opens
with the results of the last test. These results and those of preceding tests are
stored in a data bank of the hard disk of the computer. By clicking on the arrows
in the right part of the window you can walk through the results of the tests stored.
Click on PRINT, if you want such a report to be printed. CLOSE serves for
closing the report window.
CAIT 2/95
3.2 SETTINGS
3.2.1 Seawater Density
Here enter the actual seawater density. Only if this is correct, draught and thus
displacement of the ship can be calculated exactly.
3.2.2 Tankwater Density
For determining the contents of the stability tanks density of the water contained
in these tanks must be entered. Here enter the density in the dialogue window
opening.
CAIT 2/95
3.3 WINDOW
A selection of the menu function described here opens another window. These
windows contain additional information and can be closed again at any time by
clicking on the right-hand upper edge of their frame.
By means of the mouse all windows can be arranged at random within the main
window. For this purpose the title line is to be fetched with the mouse button
being pushed down. If the mouse is moved now, you shift the window fetched
to the place desired.
3.3.1 SHIPGRAPHICS
When starting the program this window is opened automatically and arranged at
right hand. It shows the most important measured variables of the plant. Here you
find the draughts at the draught marks FWD, MID and AFT, the inclining angle,
trim between the draught marks in meters and the displacement in tons calculated
from these values.
In the lower window range the status of the heeling pump and of both stability
tanks is shown graphically. Tank contents of both tanks are summed again in the
middle of the graphic. During pumping process between both the tanks this sum
must not change considerably.
Trim between the Draught Marks
Draught Mark FWD
List
Draught Mark MID SB
Draught Mark AFT
Tank content in the stability tanks
Sum of the content in the tanks PS+SB
Status Heeling-Pump
Displacement
CAIT 2/95
3.3.2 SHIPDATA
Here you find more details concerning draught and the parameters derived. The
draught values measured by means of pressure sensors are converted to the
different places of the ship and are indicated here. Additionally to the values
indicated in the ships graphic you can find here the draughts at the leads in
centerline of the ship, trim between the leads, sagging midships as well as the
preset values for density of sea water and tank contents.
CAIT 2/95
3.3.3 PLAUSIBILITIES
As already indicated in the introduction this program carries out continuously a
check of the sensors by means of comparisons between redundant measured
values.
If the deviations exceed a limit value, alarm is indicated in the alarm list. If so,
you can see in this window which measured value deviates from the real value.
For verification purposes the difference between both inclining sensors as well as
the difference between the trim from the draughts and the separate angle sensor for
trim are calculated. These both differences are continuously monitored by the
alarm system and produce an alarm, as already mentioned, when a limit value is
exceeded.
CAIT 2/95
START TEST
3.3.4 START AUTOMATIC TEST
At this selection preparations for a automatic inclining test are started. A check list
appears which is to be filled in by the user. Thereafter the test starts in the course
of which different inclining angles are applied by remote control of the heeling
pump. After termination of the test the test result is stored in a data bank and
shown on the screen for printing. For further information see chapter
Performance of a test.
3.4 ALARM LIST
Monitoring of the sensors belongs to the most important safety functions of this
program. If there are deviations between the sensors or if limit values are
exceeded, automatic determination of stability is not possible and must not be
possible. In such a case there will be a corresponding remark entered in the alarm
list. The alarm list opens when clicking on the corresponding item of menu. All
alarms occurred since start of the program are indicated in chronological order and
are provided with an alarm number. If the preconditions for the alarm are no
longer complied with, the remark NORMAL STATE appears with the same
number below the alarm indicated. By actuating the switching surface
REFRESH such alarms are quitted and eliminated from the list.
The bell symbol in the right-hand upper edge enables the alarm list to come to the
fore automatically in case of alarm. For this purpose click on the symbol by means
of the mouse button.
You can close the alarm list window by actuating the switching surface at the
right-hand upper edge of the list window or by means of a double-click on the left-
hand upper edge with the minus symbol.
CAIT 2/95
4 User input and its indication
For many measuring variables the user can enter manually values for correction
purposes. For this case you have to make a double click with the mouse button on
the respective field. Then an input window opens.
Here you can enter the corrected value.
The measuring value preset manually is provided with a star (*) in all windows in
order to show that this measuring point is in user input mode. All parameters
derived from this measuring point appear in blue, whereas the parameters
measured by the sensors are shown in black. This difference in colour shows
which values are not detected automatically. E. g. also the water densities which
must principally be entered manually belong to this group!
In order to eliminate user input again you can remove the cross in front of the
input value (mode user input) in the user input window by clicking-off.
Name of the measurement
Offline: automatic measurement not possible,
otherwise value from Sensor
Manual input modus
Input field
CAIT 2/95
5 Performance of an Inclining-Test
5.1 Preconditions
For exact determination of the GM value different preconditions are to be
complied with which the user should observe exactly. In order to guarantee that
you do not fail to notice any important item, the user has to fill in a check list prior
to starting the test. All items must be confirmed by mouse-click individually
before a test is possible. Moreover, the program checks all data connections and
measuring values. If in the course of this check faults or deviations are detected,
test preparations are stopped and a corresponding note appears. Depending on
their cause the corresponding problems must be solved prior to starting a new test.
Prior to starting a test, make sure that the anti-heeling plant is switched to stability
test mode and is on automatic operation. Moreover, it is a precondition that there
is sufficient ballast water in the stability tanks.
In order to start a inclining test choose the menu item Start Test - Automatic
test. Thus the a/m system check is carried out and the window with the check list
appears.
Apart from the check list described above this window contains some measuring
values at which the user shall have a critical look and which should be corrected if
required (draughts, displacement, densities etc.), as well as preset values for test
procedure.
CAIT 2/95
5.1.1 Draught values
The instantaneous draught values must be checked and confirmed. If the values
stated in this window deviate from the real values, preset values entered by the
user must be used for the test. For this purpose have a double-click on the value to
be changed and enter the true value in the window. In such a case it must be
observed that the draught values depend on each other. After manual input you
have to check carefully all other draught values again, or enter all draught values
manually.
5.1.2 Preset values for the test
The automatic test procedure permits some values preset by the user. Selection is
effected by clicking on the corresponding fields:
Testwinkel /Test-Angle
Here state the desired inclination for the test. In the course of the test the ship will
be inclined to both sides from its instantaneous position. In general it can be said
that exactitude of GM determination increases with increasing test angle. So
choose the largest angle possible for the instantaneous situation.
erwartetes GM / expected GM
The GM value is graphically shown in a coordinate system. For a reasonable scale
of the GM axis this value must be entered. However, it does not influence the test
result!
Pumprichtung /initial Heeling direction
Here you can determine the pumping direction with which the test starts.
additional inputs
Port, voyage and operator is indicated in the report with the test results. It is
required to enter these data before the test can start.
5.2 Start of Test
If preparations for the tests are completed as described above, the real inclining
test is started by actuating the switching surface START.
In addition to the ships graphics two further windows open, i. e. a coordinate
system for GM and list and a table for showing intermediate results.
Below this table you find a switching surface STOP, by means of which a
test procedure can be stopped at any time.
When the test is terminated or stopped, the coordinate system and the table can be
closed by clicking on CLOSE.
CAIT 2/95
5.3 Automatic control of test progress
If the pumping direction chosen is towards starboard, an automatic test will be
carried out acc. to the following scheme:
1. Pumping from start position towards starboard by the inclining angle preset.
2. Stabilization phase of 2 min., thereafter calculation of first intermediate result.
3. Pumping towards port up to start angle.
4. Stabilization phase as item 2.
5. Pumping towards port up to start angle plus the inclining angle preset.
7. Pumping towards starboard up to start angle.
9. Calculation of min. GM and opening of the report window with the result.
For pumping direction towards port, progress is mirror-inverted.
In the lower area of the main window you can see a status line in which you can
see the actual status of test progress.
5.4 Print of report
In the report window you will find the switching surface PRINT. Actuate this
switching surface in order to have the graphics and the report be printed. The
report can be shown on the screen again and can be printed at any time (menu
FILE-SHOW TEST), but the graphics with the coordinate system only
immediately after the test!
5.5 Test Stop
If you actuate the switching surface STOP during the test, the test will be
stopped after a safety enquiry. The intermediate results obtained so far are not
stored in the data bank.
However, the test can also be stopped due to a fault condition. If so, you will be
informed by a corresponding notice. Check the cause of the fault and carry out a
new test thereafter.
CAIT 2/95
6 Calculation Basics
For determination of the value GM the displacement of the ship is to be
determined. Displacement depending on draught and trim is described in the
displacement table of the shipyard documents. Both parameters can be determined
automatically by means of the draught measuring device. For this purpose three
pressure sensors are applied for determination of the draught and an angle receiver
for inclination.
6.1 Draught
There are different statements for calculating the draught at draught marks and
leads from the draughts at area of sensor installation. The most simple statement is
based on a ship which is not deflected. Then the draughts are calculated acc. to the
Euclidean statement concerning rays.
If deflection of the ship is considerable, using the Euclidean statement will soon
result in a mistake which can be reduced by a correction.
Unfortunately you cannot know in advance how the deflection curve of a ship will
run, because it depends on many factors such as weight distribution of freight and
ballast, temperature and many others. In this program for calculation of the
draughts the deflection line of the ship was assumed to by a symmetric parabola
with the exponential 1.7, which in practice has shown good results.
For determination of the draughts the in-coming pressures measured by the
draught sensors are converted to the position of the draught marks and the leads
after correction by the sea water density depending on list, trim and their place of
installation.
Since all draughts determined by this method depend on all three draught sensors
and on inclination, the program will not show a correct draught value if one sensor
failed. In such a case the value which is the most close one to the sensor failed
must be entered manually. This is done by double-clicking with the mouse on the
value to be corrected.
Because all draughts depend on each other, all draught values will change when a
value was corrected as mentioned above. Thus if manual input is required because
of a sensor failure, start correction always at that draught value which deviates
most from the real value, and after manual input observe change of indication for
approx. 15 s. Now check the draughts not entered manually and effect further
corrections if required. Concerning the draught values midships it must be taken
into consideration that the values for port and starboard are corrected via
inclination of the ship.
CAIT 2/95
6.2 Displacement
As already mentioned displacement is calculated from the displacement table of
the shipyard. For this purpose the draughts are converted to a mean draught value
which is calculated from the draught midships plus a correction factor of 2/3*
sagging. With this draught and trim between the leads the value is interpolated
from the displacement table.
The value determined by such a way is indicated as displacement after correction
by the Shell Plate factor and the sea water density, and serves as calculation basis
for determination of the GM value.
7 RS485-Interface
The data connection with the Hoppe tankmeter and the anti-heeling system is a
serial interface of type RS485. The RS232 interface used as a standard at PCs is
suitable for this connection only after conversion by an external converter. As a
standard the program is prepared for interface COM2.
The Hoppe tankmeter as well as the anti-heeling system is connected to RS485.
For performance of the test the anti-heeling system must be in STABI-TEST in
automatic mode. The alarm system of the program continuously checks the data
connection. If alarms are given concerning the data connection, please check the
cable connections and power supply for the RS485 interface.
8 Connection of printer
All prints of this program are effected by the standard Windows printer. This is
determined by means of the Windows print manager. If you want to install a new
printer, please read the corresponding instructions of the Windows documentation.
CAIT 2/95
9 Annex
9.1 Print of example

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