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True or False: pick A for true or B for false

1. A theory is a set of related hypotheses proven to be true. T
2. A naturally occurring solid made from minerals and/or glass is a rock. T
3. Insolation is an extrinsic factor of Earths climate. T
4. E=MC
2
is the equation of Energy = Motion multiplied by the Speed of Light to the 2
nd
power. T
5. Electrons are Fermions. T
6. Stratigraphy is the science that deals with earthquakes and seismic force. F (looking at earth layers)
7. The Big Bang happened before 16 billion years ago. F (13 billion)
8. According to the Law of Superposition, Paleozoic rocks should be found on top of Mesozoic rocks. F
Quarternary (newer), Tertiary (older)
(Phanerozoic = (Cenozoic (newest) = Holocene, Pleistocene, Pliocene, Miocene, Oligocene, Eocene,
Paleocene), Mesozoic, Paleozoic) (newest), Proterozoic, Archean, Hadean (oldest)
9. Biostratigraphy is concerned with the sequence of fossils through geological time. T
10. Sea level is high, CO2 levels are elevated, and temperatures are cold during a glacial period. F
11. Throughout its entire 4.5 Ga (billion years) history, the Earth most often has been an icehouse
world. F
12. Plate tectonics is a hypothesis that helps to explain the origins of mountains and volcanoes. T
13. Galaxies are made of numerous solar systems. T
14. Hematites chemical formula is Fe2O3 T
15. The Pliocene came before the Holocene yet after the Paleozoic. T
16. Planetesimals are the precursors of planets in our solar system. T
17. Mantle rheology is a product of plate tectonics. T
18. Viscosity and density increase as heat increases. F
19. The Pleistocene came before the Oligocene but after the Holocene. F
20. Minerals lack crystalline shapes derived from molecular and elemental constituents. F
21. An example of extra-plate volcanism is Hawaii. T
22. The two types of mantle include oceanic crust and continental crust. F
23. A volcanos crater is located within the subsurface of the Earth. T
24. Sedimentary basins are low land areas in Earths subsurface. T
25. All rock types have different formation histories yet similar destruction histories. F

Multiple choices: pick the choice that best addresses the question/statement.
26. Of these, the most abundant in the Earths crust is:
A. iron B. magnesium C. silicon
27. All of these are characteristic of shield volcanoes except:
A. rhyolite B. 1300
o
C C. basalt
28. Which of these would you expect to find at divergent plate boundaries:
A. subduction B. Indian subplate C. mid-ocean ridge
29. Continent to continent collisions will generate:
A. subduction B. mafic rocks C. metamorphism
30. Mantle rock is mostly:
A. granite & rhyolite B. feldspar & quartz C. basalt & gabbro D. none are correct choices
31. A volcano that underwent a mafic eruption is:
A. Vesuvius B. Etna C. Kilauea D. none are correct choices
32. Which is these is associated with a strato-type volcano:
A. rhyolite B. 1300
o
C C. basalt D. none are correct choices
PLANET EARTH: spring 14, first test of the semester, DO NOT write on test except for NAME and RUID#

NAME __________________________________________ RUID# ______________________________________

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33. Thermonuclear fusion involves which elements: Hydrogen, Helium
A. iron & oxygen B. helium & carbon C. helium & oxygen D. none are correct choices
34. Of these organisms, which evolved first:
A. elasmobranchs B. ediacaran C. dinosaurs
Answer the following questions based on the diagram of Earths layers/interior.
A = Crust
B = Mantle
C = Outer Core (liquid)
D = Inner Core (solid)
35. Where would you find peridotite:
A. layer A B. layer B C. layer C D. layer D
36. A thickness of about 1200 km is associated with:
A. layer A B. layer B C. layer C D. layer D
37. Layer A is the:
A. crust B. mantle C. outer core D. inner core
38. Layer B is the:
A. crust B. mantle C. outer core D. inner core
39. Layer C is the:
A. crust B. mantle C. outer core D. inner core
40. Layer D is the:
A. crust B. mantle C. outer core D. inner core
41. Layer D is mostly:
A. silicon B. oxygen C. iron D. magnesium
42. Layer C is:
A. solid B. liquid C. gas D. both gaseous & liquid
Answer the following questions based on the diagram of tectonic plates.
43. If the volcano is located in Oregon then the subducted plate is the ______ plate:
A. Pacific B. Asian C. Juan de Fuca D. North American
44. This is an example of what type of plate boundary:
A. divergent B. transform C. convergent
45. If the volcano is island arc then the subducted plate is:
A. oceanic B. continental C. can be either type
46. If the overriding plate is oceanic then the other plate is:
A. oceanic B. continental C. can be either type
47. If the overriding plate is continental then the other plate:
A. oceanic B. continental C. can be either type
48. If the two plates are oceanic then the volcano could be part of:
A. Cascades B. Aleutians C. can be either place
49. If the subducted plate is oceanic then the other plate is:
A. oceanic B. continental C. can be either type
50. If the volcano is located in Aleutians then the overriding plate is the ______ plate:
A. Pacific B. Asian C. Juan de Fuca D. North American
Answer the following questions based on the diagram of the fault blocks.
51. This is an example of a ______ fault:
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A. normal B. reverse C. transform
52. The left block is:
A. uplifted B. transverse C. downthrown
53. The right block is:
A. uplifted B. transverse C. downthrown
54. This is an example of ______ deformation:
A. deciduous B. continuous C. discontinuous
55. This is an example of ______ deformation:
A. ductile B. brittle C. amorphous
True or False: pick A for true or B for false
56. According to the Doppler Effect objects in space moving away from Earth will emit red light. T
57. Banded Iron Forms formed during the Mesozoic. T
58. The half-life of the potassium-argon dating system is about 1.6 million years. F (1.25 billion)
59. Climate is defined as Earths short-term rainfall and temperature patterns that vary by longitude. F
60. Tensile stress is associated with extensional forces. T
61. Stromatolites are precipitated sedimentary rocks. F (blue-green algae now in limestone rocks)
62. The Archean came before the Proterozoic but after the Hadean. T
63. Nebulae are hydrogen gas clouds that are thought to be involved with solar system formation. T
64. All planets in our solar system formed at the same time and derive from the same material. T
65. The ice sheets of Antarctica initially formed during the Miocene. T
66. The Greenland ice sheet initially formed during the Pliocene. F Pliocene warm period
67. Lake Turkana is partitioned by a series of full grabens. F grabens are basins, horsts are peaks
68. Precession is an orbital cycle lasting about 100 thousand years that causes ice-age climate changes.
F, the earth wobbles in precession
69. Metamorphic rock formed by pressure is called hornfel. F hornfel is through temp, blue schist is
pressure
70. Subduction is a formation process of all rock types. F destruction
71. Basin and Range areas are located in the northeast United States. T
72. Mudstones are a very fine type of sedimentary rocks. T
73. Three factors of metamorphic rock formation are transport, accumulation, and cementation. F
sedimentary, metamorphic is temp and pressure
74. The half-life of the Carbon 14 dating system is about 600 years. F 6,000 years
75. Non-vascular & seed-having were the first types of plants to colonize the land. F, seedless
76. An example of a chemical weather process is wind abrasion. F, physical
Multiple choices: pick the choice that best addresses the question/statement.
77. Changing the number of protons in an atom changes the:
A. element B. isotope
78. The mineral expected to crystallize at about 700
o
C
is:
A. olivine B. quartz
79. Changing the number of neutrons in an atom
changes the:
A. element B. isotope
80. Molten rock on Earths surface is called:
A. magma B. lava
81. Molten rock in Earths subsurface is called:
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A. magma B. lava
82. Which of these has a less violent eruption:
A. shield volcano B. strato-type volcano
83. Bones from a person that died 100,000 years ago are expected to have how much carbon 14:
A. barely any B. almost all of its living amount C. about half of its living amount
84. The thing that starts the carbon 14 dating clock is:
A. death B. fossilization C. burialization
85. The parent isotope in the potassium-argon system is:
A.
40
K B.
40
Ar C.
39
K D.
39
Ar
86. The daughter isotope in the potassium-argon system is:
A.
40
K B.
40
Ar C.
39
K D.
39
Ar
87. The Earths crust is made of ______ rocks: Oceanic crust = ultramafic
A. mafic & ultramafic B. felsic & mafic C. ultramafic & felsic

88. Which of these would you expect to find in granite rocks:
A. olivine B. feldspar C. pyroxene
89. Which of these is an isolate silicate mineral:
A. quartz B. pyroxene C. olivine
90. Which of these is a framework silicate mineral
A. quartz B. pyroxene C. olivine
91. Of these, which is most abundant in a basalt rock:
A. olivine B. feldspar C. quartz
92. Of these, which is most abundant in a peridotite rock:
A. olivine B. feldspar C. quartz
93. Changing the temperature and pressure of a slate would result in the formation of:
Shale->Slate->Shist
A. schist B. gneiss C. migmatite
94. Changing the temperature and pressure of a shale would result in the formation of:
A. slate B. schist C. gneiss
95. CO2 + H2O = H2CO3 describes the production of
A. carbonic acid B. ozone C. calcium carbonate
96. The proper order for the Appalachian Orogeny from oldest to youngest is:
A. Taconic, Acadian, Alleghenian B. Alleghenian, Acadian, Taconic C. Acadian, Taconic, Alleghenian
97. Continent to continent convergent plate boundaries are characterized by plates with:
A. same densities coming together B. different densities coming together
98. Low relative abundance of
18
O in coccolithophores might indicate: 18o is a sign of glacial period
A. inter-glacial period B. glacial period
99. We are living in the:
A. Pliocene B. Pleistocene C. Holocene
100. Rocks that solidify from lava or magma are called:
A. igneous B. metamorphic C. sedimentary