Exercise : Adjective or Adverb Exercise

In the following sentences, cross out the incorrect words and write in the correct form in
the blanks. If the sentence is correct as it is, write "correct" in the blank.
1. Terrence plays quarterback as well as Brian._______________
2. The game hadn't hardly begun before it started to rain.____________
3. This was sure a mild winter.__________________
4. Jane behaves more pleasant than Joan.________________
5. When you are a parent, you will think different about children.___________
6. I felt badly about not having done good on my final exams._____________
7. Whether you win is not near as important as how you play._____________
8. Asian music often sounds oddly to Western listeners.______________
9. Does your car run well enough to enter the race?_________________
10. I felt safely enough to go out at night on my own._________________
11. You can see the distant mountains clear with these binoculars.______________
12. Our team was real sharp last Saturday afternoon during the game.___________
Exercise : Appositive Exercise
Underline and punctuate the appositives in the following sentences. Not all require
punctuation.
1. My son, the policeman, will be visiting us next week.
2. The captain ordered the ship's carpenters to assemble the shallop, a large rowboat.
3. Walter, the playboy and writer, is very attached to his mother, Mrs. Hammon.
4. Paul Newman the famous American actor directed five motion pictures.
5. Elizabeth Teague, a sweet and lovable girl, grew up to be a mentally troubled woman.
6. Sweetbriar a company known throughout the South is considering a nationwide
advertising campaign.
7. An above-average student and talented musician John made his family proud.
8. The extremely popular American film Titanic was widely criticized for its mediocre script.
9. The greatest American film ever made Citizen Kane won only one Academy Award.
10. 60 Minutes the TV news magazine program featured a story on the popular singer
Whitney Houston.
Answer : Adjective or Adverb Exercise
Correct answers are in bold. Incorrect answers are in italics.
1. Terrence plays quarterback as well as Brian. correct
2. The game hadn't hardly begun before it started to rain. had
3. This was sure a mild winter. surely
4. Jane behaves more pleasant than Joan. pleasantly
5. When you are a parent, you will think different about children. differently
6. I felt badly about not having done good on my final exams. bad, well
7. Whether you win is not near as important as how you play. nearly
8. Asian music often sounds oddly to Western listeners. odd
9. Does your car run well enough to enter the race? correct
10. I felt safely enough to go out at night on my own. safe
11. You can see the distant mountains clear with these binoculars. clearly
12. Our team was real sharp last Saturday afternoon during the game. really
Correct answers are in bold.

1. My son, the policeman, will be visiting us next week.
2. The captain ordered the ship's carpenters to assemble the shallop, a large rowboat.
3. Walter, the playboy and writer, is very attached to his mother, Mrs. Hammon.
4. Paul Newman, the famous American actor, directed five motion pictures.
5. Elizabeth Teague, a sweet and lovable girl, grew up to be a mentally troubled woman.
6. Sweetbriar, a company known throughout the South, is considering a nationwide
advertising campaign.
7. An above-average student and talented musician, John made his family proud.
8. The extremely popular American film Titanic was widely criticized for its mediocre script.
9. The greatest American film ever made, Citizen Kane, won only one Academy Award.
10. 60 Minutes, the TV news magazine program, featured a story on the popular
singerWhitney Houston.
Exercise : Tense Consistency Exercise 4
Controlling Shifts in Paragraphs
Although the main tense in the following paragraph is past, the writer correctly shifts to
present tense twice. Find these two verbs in present tense. If you encounter difficulty, try
reading the paragraph aloud.
The Iroquois Indians of the Northeast regularly burned land to increase open space for
agriculture. In fact, the early settlers of Boston found so few trees that they had to row out
to the islands in the harbor to obtain fuel. Just how far north this practice extended is
uncertain, but the Saco River in southern Maine appears to have been the original northern
boundary of the agricultural clearings. Then, pressured by European settlement, the
Iroquois extended their systematic burning far northward, even into the Maritime
Provinces of Canada. (abridged from Hay and Farb, The Atlantic Shore)
Read the following paragraph through, and determine the main tense. Then reread it and
circle the three verbs that shift incorrectly from the main tense.
For the past seven years, I have called myself a swimmer. Swimming, my one sport,
provides a necessary outlet for my abundant energy. I have always drawn satisfaction
from exertion, straining my muscles to their limits. I don't know why pushing forward in
the water, as my muscles cried out in pain, sets off a booming cheer in my head. Many
times when I rounded the turn for the last lap of a race, my complaining muscles want to
downshift and idle to the finish. My mind, however, presses the pedal to the floor and yells,
"FASTER!" The moment that I touched the wall my muscles relax; the pain subsides. I am
pleased to have passed the point of conflict. (adapted from Brendon MacLean,"Harder!")
You will notice several shifts in tense in the following paragraph describing action in a
fictional narrative. Find the six faulty shifts in tense.
In "The Use of Force" William Carlos Williams describes a struggle involving a doctor, two
parents, and their young daughter. The doctor must obtain a throat culture from the girl,
who was suspected of having diphtheria. This ordinarily simple task is hindered by the
frightened and uncooperative patient, Mathilda Olson. Adding to the doctor's difficulties
were the parents, who had to struggle with their own conflicting emotions. They want their
daughter helped, but they did not trust the doctor to do the right thing. Sensitive to the
parents' uncertainty, the doctor became more and more frustrated by Mathilda's resistance.
Williams gives considerable attention to how each of the Olsons react, but it is clear that
his main interest was in the doctor and his responses. (adapted from a student essay)
Answer : Tense Consistency Exercise 4
In this first paragraph, the two verbs in present tense--both appropriate for the situation--
are indicated in bold.
The Iroquois Indians of the Northeast regularly burned land to increase open space for
agriculture. In fact, the early settlers of Boston found so few trees that they had to row out
to the islands in the harbor to obtain fuel. Just how far north this practice
extended is uncertain, but the Saco River in southern Maine appears to have been the
original northern boundary of the agricultural clearings. Then, pressured by European
settlement, the Iroquois extended their systematic burning far northward, even into the
Maritime Provinces of Canada. (abridged from Hay and Farb, The Atlantic Shore)
The main tense in this next paragraph is present. Incorrect shifts to past tense are
indicated in bold.
For the past seven years, I have called myself a swimmer. Swimming, my one sport,
provides a necessary outlet for my abundant energy. I have always drawn satisfaction
from exertion, straining my muscles to their limits. I don't know why pushing forward in
the water, as my muscles cried out in pain, sets off a booming cheer in my head. Many
times when I rounded the turn for the last lap of a race, my complaining muscles want to
downshift and idle to the finish. My mind, however, presses the pedal to the floor and yells,
"FASTER!" The moment that I touched the wall my muscles relax; the pain subsides. I am
pleased to have passed the point of conflict. (adapted from Brendon MacLean,"Harder!")
Since the following paragraph describes action in a fictional narrative, the main tense
should be present. The six incorrect shifts to past tense are underlined.
In "The Use of Force" William Carlos Williams describes a struggle involving a doctor, two
parents, and their young daughter. The doctor must obtain a throat culture from the girl,
who was suspected of having diphtheria. This ordinarily simple task is hindered by the
frightened and uncooperative patient, Mathilda Olson. Adding to the doctor's
difficultieswere the parents, who had to struggle with their own conflicting emotions. They
want their daughter helped, but they did not trust the doctor to do the right thing.
Sensitive to the parents' uncertainty, the doctor became more and more frustrated by
Mathilda's resistance. Williams gives considerable attention to how each of the Olsons
react, but it is clear that his main interest was in the doctor and his responses. (adapted
from a student essay)

Exercise : Tense Consistency Exercise 1
Recognizing Shifts in Sentences
Check the following sentences for confusing shifts in tense. If the tense of each underlined
verb expresses the time relationship accurately, write S (satisfactory). If a shift in tense is
not appropriate, write U (unsatisfactory) and make necessary changes. In most cases with
an inappropriate shift, there is more than one way to correct the inconsistency. Reading
the sentences aloud will help you recognize differences in time.
___ 1. If the club limited its membership, it will have to raise its dues.
___ 2. As Barbara puts in her contact lenses, the telephone rang.
___ 3. Thousands of people will see the art exhibit by the time it closes.
___ 4. By the time negotiations began, many pessimists have expressed doubt about them.
___ 5. After Capt. James Cook visited Alaska on his third voyage, he is killed by Hawaiian
islanders in 1779.
___ 6. I was terribly disappointed with my grade because I studied very hard.
___ 7. The moderator asks for questions as soon as the speaker has finished.
___ 8. Everyone hopes the plan would work.
___ 9. Harry wants to show his friends the photos he took last summer.
___ 10. Scientists predict that the sun will die in the distant future.
___ 11. The boy insisted that he has paid for the candy bars.
___ 12. The doctor suggested bed rest for the patient, who suffers from a bad cold.
Answer : Tense Consistency Exercise 1
In most cases with an inappropriate shift below, there is more than one way to correct the
inconsistency. Each suggested change is probably not the only correct one for the sentence.
Correct responses are in bold, and incorrect responses are in italics.
_U_ 1. If the club limited its membership, it will have to raise its dues.
(change will towould)
_U_ 2. As Barbara puts in her contact lenses, the telephone rang. (change puts to put)
OR As Barbara puts in her contact lenses, the telephone rings. (change rang to rings to
illustrate ongoing action)
_S_ 3. Thousands of people will see the art exhibit by the time it closes.
_U_ 4. By the time negotiations began, many pessimists have expressed doubt about
them. (change have to had)
_U_ 5. After Capt. James Cook visited Alaska on his third voyage, he is killed by Hawaiian
islanders in 1779. (change is to was)
_U_ 6. I was terribly disappointed with my grade because I studied very hard.
(changestudied to had studied)
_S_ 7. The moderator asks for questions as soon as the speaker has finished. (asks as
habitual action; will ask is also possible)
_U_ 8. Everyone hopes the plan would work. (change hopes to hoped)
_S_ 9. Harry wants to show his friends the photos he took last summer.
_S_ 10. Scientists predict that the sun will die in the distant future.
_U_ 11. The boy insisted that he has paid for the candy bars. (change has to had)
_U_ 12. The doctor suggested bed rest for the patient, who suffers from a bad cold.
(change suffers to was suffering)

Exercise : Articles Exercise 2
Directions: Write the following paragraphs, inserting a, an, and the where needed.
1. I have horse of my own. I call her Pretty Girl. She is intelligent animal, but she is not
thoroughbred horse. I could never enter her in race, even if I wanted to. But I do not want
to. She is companion, for my own pleasure. I took her swimming day or two ago.
2. Horse knows when he is going to race. How does he know? His breakfast was scanty.
(He is angry about that.) He does not have saddle on his back. He is being led, not ridden,
to grandstand. He is led under grandstand into unusual, special stall. Horse is nervous.
Sometimes he does not know what to do when starting gate flies open and track is before
him. If he does not begin to run instantly, other horses are already ahead of him. During
race, when he sees another horse just ahead of him, he will try to pass him. Sometimes
jockey holds him back to save his energy for last stretch. Eventually horse gets to run as
fast as he can. Exercise boy, watching owner's favorite jockey riding horse he has
exercised day after day, says nothing. Secretly, he is planning for day when he will be
jockey himself, and his horse will be first to cross finish line.
3. Most people have fewer hours to give to time-consuming activities of clubs than they
used to have, but most people in small town belong to club or two. One of clubs is likely to
be social and benevolent organization, such as Rotary or Elks. Business people are likely to
belong, also to either Kiwanis Club or Lions. Such business people's organizations may
meet as often as once a week in one of private dining rooms of town's leading hotel for
lunch. They have good lunch, hear good program, and continue their fundraising program
for worthy organization, such as local hospital.
Answer : Articles Exercise 2
Correct answers are in bold.
1. I have a horse of my own. I call her Pretty Girl. She is an intelligent animal, but she is
not a thoroughbred horse. I could never enter her in a race, even if I wanted to. But I do
not want to. She is a companion, for my own pleasure. I took her swimming a day or two
ago.
2. A horse knows when he is going to race. How does he know? His breakfast was scanty.
(He is angry about that.) He does not have a saddle on his back. He is being led, not
ridden, to the grandstand. He is led under the grandstand into an unusual, special
stall.The horse is nervous. Sometimes he does not know what to do when the starting
gate flies open and the track is before him. If he does not begin to run instantly, other
horses are already ahead of him. During the race, when he sees another horse just ahead
of him, he will try to pass him. Sometimes the jockey holds him back to save his energy
for the last stretch. Eventually the horse gets to run as fast as he can. The exercise boy,
watching theowner's favorite jockey riding the horse he has exercised day after day, says
nothing. Secretly, he is planning for the day when he will be a jockey himself, and his
horse will bethe first to cross the finish line.
3. Most working people have fewer hours to give to time-consuming activities of clubs than
they used to have, but most people in a small town belong to a club or two. One
of theclubs is likely to be a social and benevolent organization, such as the Rotary or Elks.
Business people are likely to belong, also to either the Kiwanis Club or the Lions. Such
business people's organizations may meet as often as once a week in one of the private
dining rooms of the town's leading hotel for lunch. They have a good lunch, hear a good
program, and continue their fundraising program for a worthy organization, such as a local
hospital.
Exercise : Count and Noncount Nouns
Exercise 5
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate article if one is needed.
The Computer Jungle
Though you can make ____ decision on purely economic grounds, buying ____ computer
is often more like joining ____ religious cult. Buy ____ Apple, for example, and almost by
default you join Apple chairman Steve Jobs in his crusade against IBM. Every machine has
its "users' groups" and ____ band of loyal enthusiasts who tout its merits. That makes it
all ____ more difficult for ____ uninitiated to decide what machine to buy. Students have
____ huge advantage, however. The computer companies are so eager for students'
business (it builds "brand loyalty") that many offer huge discounts.
In the past six months, IBM, Apple, and others have brought out new computers, and
____ fierce competition has forced prices down. Also, time is on your side: next year at
____ time you'll have even more choice and more computing power and features for ____
same price. On ____ other hand, this will probably be true for many years. So for those
who need or want ____ computer now, it's a great time to buy one.
Answer : Count and Noncount Nouns
Exercise 5
Though you can make the decision on purely economic grounds, buying a computer is
often more like joining a religious cult. Buy an Apple, for example, and almost by default
you join Apple chairman Steve Jobs in his crusade against IBM. Every machine has its
"users' groups" and a band of loyal enthusiasts who tout its merits. That makes it
all the more difficult for the uninitiated to decide what machine to buy. Students
have a huge advantage, however. The computer companies are so eager for students'
business (it builds "brand loyalty") that many offer huge discounts.
In the past six months, IBM, Apple, and others have brought out new computers,
and thefierce competition has forced prices down. Also, time is on your side: next year
at this time you'll have even more choice and more computing power and features
for the same price. On the other hand, this will probably be true for many years. So for
those who need or want a computer now, it's a great time to buy one.