Short History & Development of Bare High Voltage Overhead Lines (Bare OHC) Important Conditions for Bare OHC Ampacity SAG Tension on the towers Tension in the conductor Temperature of the conductor Boundary conditions History Bare OHC Since beginning all conductors were made of Copper or Copper Alloys Reasons: Good Conductivity Availability Materials of Bare OHC Material Density Conductivity Tensile Strength CTE g/cm 3 % IACS MPa X 10 -6 / C o Copper 8.9 100 450 17 Aluminium 2.7 61 165 23 Steel 7.8 9 1600 11.5 Alloy 2.7 52 325 23 Invar 7.1 14-23 1310 1170 3.7 AAC All Aluminium Conductors Advantages: Better Conductivity per unit of weight strung. (Less tension on towers) Disadvantages: Loses 60% of its strength when overloaded. Has in absolute value less reserve in strength to overcome wind and ice loading. Continuous improvement in Bare OHC ACSR AAAC 6201 AL-59 TACSR Good Conductivity 53.0 % IACS* Moderate Conductivity 52.5% IACS* Better Conductivity 59% IACS* Moderate Conductivity 52 % IACS* Moderate Corrosion Resistance Better Corrosion Resistance Better Corrosion Resistance Moderate Corrosion Resistance Better Strength to Weight Ratio Better Strength to Weight Ratio Good Strength to Weight Ratio Better Strength to Weight Ratio Better Tensile Strength Good Tensile Strength Moderate Tensile Strength Better Tensile Strength Typical Application Commonly used for both transmission and distribution circuits. Typical Application Transmission and Distribution applications in corrosive environments, ACSR replacement. Typical Application Transmission and Distribution High Ampacity applications in corrosive environments, ACSR replacement. Typical Application Transmission and Distribution High Ampacity applications in non- corrosive environments, ACSR replacement. * International Annealed Copper Standard for conductivity An Overview of Bare Overhead Transmission Conductors Categories of Overhead Conductors Homogeneous Conductors AAC All Aluminum Conductor AAAC All Aluminum Alloy conductor Non - Homogeneous Conductors ACSR All Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced ACSR/AW All Aluminum Conductor Al. Clad Steel Reinforced TACSR Thermal Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced TACSR/AW Thermal Aluminum Conductor Cl. Steel Reinforced TACIR/AW Thermal Aluminum Conductor Cl. Invar Reinforced AACSR All Aluminum Alloy Conductor Steel Reinforced ACAR All Aluminum Conductor Al. Alloy Reinforced ACSS All Aluminum Conductor Steel Supported Limitations of Present Transmission System The present Transmission System is overloaded due to Economic Expansion (Commercial, Industrial and Residential) Max. Op. Temp with Existing ACSR Conductors 85 0 C Very High cost to install new Transmission Lines. Very difficult to acquire Right of Way (ROW). Time constraint for new Transmission Lines. Objections from inhabitants to construct new T/L. Solution: New Generation Conductors ... New Generation Conductors Options Available with Apar Industries Limited High Ampacity Alloy Conductors AAAC 6201, 6101 AAAC 1120 AL-57, AL-59 Thermal Resistant Alloy (TAL) Defined as per IEC, ASTM, BS, NFC, EN, CSA Specification. Defined as per Australian Specification. Defined as per Swedish specification & EN Specification. Defined as per IEC, & ASTM Specification. Popularly in use @ Countries: France, Bangladesh, India, North and East Africa, Middle East, USA so on Popularly in use @ Countries: Australia & New Zealand Popularly in use @ Countries: Norway, Sweden, India so on Popularly in use @ Countries: South and East Asia, Nigeria, Middle East Asia, Europe so on Up rating of Transmission System No, Re -Conductoring Ground clearance is enough? Thermal Resistance Al. Alloy Conductor High Ampacity Alloy Conductors TACSR, TACSR/EST, TACSR/AW, TACSR/TW TACIR/AW & TACIR/TW/AW, GAP type Conductors TAL with Al. Clad Invar Core. i.e. for PGCIL Re- Conductoring Tender we have offered TACIR/AW 388 sq mm against ACSR Moose Yes, New Transmission Lines Power Txfer Requirements Up to 30% Al-59 AAA 1120 More than 30% TACSR family Conductor has 60+ % more ampacity of ACSR Conductors. TACSR/TW Conductor has more than 70+% more ampacity of conventional ACSR type. TACIR/TW Conductor has equivalent sag-tension properties as conventional ACSR type. Conventional fittings and accessories for ACSR can be used for TAL Conductors except compression fittings Same installation method as conventional ACSR is applied for TALConductors TAL Conductors has high long-term reliability with strong track record Use AL-59 & TACSR for New Lines and TACIR/AW & GAP Conductor for Re-Conductoring Summary