Inertia is defined as an object’s tendency

NOT to Net Force What’s the point?

accelerate. In order to make an object mo Recall: Newton’s first Law – Newton’s 1st
ve we HAVE an object at rest stays at law tells us that in order a CHANGE in
to exert a force on the object. rest unless an outside force acts upon it. An o motion to occur, there must be a net extern
The more mass an object has, the more in bject in al force
ertia it has, motion stays in motion with a constant velocit acting on it.
so it requires more force to lift it. y unless Once we know this net external force (the n
Types of forces an outside force acts upon it et force)
• an outside force acts upon it. Once we know this net external force (the n
When you are drawing a Free Body diagra We need to be able to find the total net force i et force)
m, there are n order we can then apply NEWTON’S 2ndLAW:
to describe the objects motion!
certain forces that may show up.
– Applied force Force is a vector so it can be negative. ∑F=ma
W i ht f Force is measured in Newtons (N). ∑F= net force
– Weight force When the net force acting on an object is NOT m= mass (kg)
– Normal force zero, a = acceleration (points in the same directi
then the object is going to experience a chan on as ∑F
– Friction force (deserves
its own day!)
ge in
motion. Friction Lab
Applied force (Fa) X‐comp= Force (cos θ) How to do the calculations:
Also known as the Y‐comp = force (sin θ) Need to do two separate calculations:
exerted force. Pay attention to the signs Fs,max=μsN
Can be a push or a pull. of θ Fk=μkN
Example: A mover 40 N Solve for μ.
pushes a box to the left Θ=35°
Lab write up due tomorrow!
with a force of 100 N
Points in the direction of
Vector addition F=uN
Steps for vector addition:
the application. 1. Break up forces into components. Method for finding the n
– Fa=100 N
Applied force (Fa)
2. Add up x‐components THEN add up y‐
components. et force
Also known as the U P h ’ Th fi d h MAGNITUDE f 1. Draw a FBD
exerted force. 3. 2.
Can be a push or a pull. Use Pythagoras’ Theorem to find the MAGNITUDE of Break forces into components and organize
Example: A child pulls a the net force.
4.
them
sled at an angle of 30° Use the inverse tangent function to find the angle or into a table.
with a force of 100 N 3 Add your columns
Points in the direction of the result will be your x and y
the application. DIRECTION of the force. Remember that this angle i 3.
You’ll want to break s
measured from the positive x‐axis!
Add your columns, the result will be your x
these up into their 5. Put the cardinal direction for the angle. and y
components! component of your net force.
Weight force (FW) Friction 4.
FW= mg where m=mass There are two types of friction Use Pythagoras’ theorem to find the magnit
(kg) and g=gravity Static: Friction that acts on a non moving object ude
8 /2 Eh Kinetic: Friction that acts on a moving object. (∑F)2= (∑Fx)2+ (∑Fy)2
Example:
find the weight of a box Static friction (FS) 5.
Use the inverse tangent function to find the
with a 100 kg mass. • angle
g= 9.8 m/s2 on Earth. Static friction is the force exerted on a motion and look at the FBD for the cardinal directio
FW always points straight less body n.
down. by its environment to resist an external force. θ= tan‐1((∑Fy)/ (∑Fx))
Fwand Fn U il h li d f i h i h
If gravity is just acting on • What ’s the point?
you, you’d fall through Until the applied force is enough to start movi Newton’s 1st
your chair! So what’s ng the law tells us that in order a CHANGE in
holding you up object, Fa=FS motion to occur, there must be a net extern
Normal force: points • al force
perpendicular to the Fs, max= the maximum amount of force that c acting on it.
surface an be applied to an object without causing it t Once we know this net external force (the n
holding you up
Normal force: force o move. Kinetic Friction et force)
Once we know this net external force (the n
exerted by the surface. • The force exerted on a et force)
moving object.
Force of gravity: we can then apply NEWTON’S 2nd LAW:
• This force is always less
Your weight. than F F=ma
Always points than Fs,max F= net force
straight down – This is because when an m= mass (kg)
A car’s engine exerts a force of 400 N to th object is stationary, the a = acceleration
e west. Friction surfaces form molecular
from the road pushes back with 500 N to t bonds so it takes more
energy to break these
he east. bonds. When an object is
Draw a free body diagram moving, these bonds
Do‐Now! cannot form, lowering the
Find the net force (∑F) friction force.
To find the net force we simply add up the
forces! Friction
Friction: 500 N •
Engine: ‐400 N The amount of friction depends of the type of