Carlos Fuentes

Fuentes in 2002
Born Carlos Fuentes Macas
November 11, 1928
Panama City, Panama
Died May 15, 2012 (aged 83)
Mexico City, Mexico
Occupation Novelist, writer
Nationality Mexican
Period 19542012
Literary
movement
Latin American Boom
Notable work(s) The Death of Artemio
Cruz (1962)
Terra Nostra (1975)
The Old Gringo (1985)
Spouse(s) Rita Macedo (19591973)
Silvia Lemus (19762012,
his death)
Children Cecilia Fuentes Macedo
(1962)
Carlos Fuentes Lemus
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This name uses Spanish naming customs; the first or paternal family name is Fuentes and the second or
maternal family name is Macas.
Carlos Fuentes Macas (November 11, 1928 May 15,
2012) was a Mexican novelist and essayist. Among his works
are The Death of Artemio Cruz (1962), Aura (1962), Terra
Nostra (1975), The Old Gringo (1985) and Christopher
Unborn (1987). In his obituary, the New York Times
described him as "one of the most admired writers in the
Spanish-speaking world" and an important influence on the
Latin American Boom, the "explosion of Latin American
literature in the 1960s and '70s",
[1]
while The Guardian
called him "Mexico's most celebrated novelist".
[2]
His many
literary honors include the Miguel de Cervantes Prize as well
as Mexico's highest award, the Belisario Domnguez Medal
of Honor. He was often named as a likely candidate for the
Nobel Prize in Literature, though he never won.
[3]
1 Biography
2 Writing
3 Political views
4 Death
5 List of works
5.1 Novels
5.2 Short stories
5.3 Essays
5.4 Theater
5.5 Screenplays
6 Awards and recognition
7 References
8 External links
Fuentes was born in Panama City to Berta Macas and Rafael
Fuentes, the latter of whom was a Mexican diplomat.
[1][4]
As
Carlos Fuentes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Fuentes
1 of 11 5/14/2014 12:51 AM
(19731999)
Natasha Fuentes Lemus
(19742005)
www.carlos-fuentes.net (http://www.carlos-
fuentes.net)
the family moved for his father's career, Fuentes spent his
childhood in various Latin American capital cities,
[2]
an
experience he later described as giving him the ability to
view Latin America as a critical outsider.
[5]
From 1934 to
1940, Fuentes' father was posted to the Mexican Embassy in
Washington, D.C.,
[6]
where Carlos attended English-
language school, eventually becoming fluent.
[2][6]
He also
began to write during this time, creating his own magazine,
which he shared with apartments on his block.
[2]
In 1938, Mexico nationalized foreign oil holdings, leading to a national outcry in the U.S. and Fuentes'
ostracism by his American classmates; he later pointed to the event as the moment in which he began to
understand himself as Mexican.
[6]
In 1940, the Fuentes family was transferred to Santiago, Chile. There Carlos
first became interested in socialism, which would become one of his lifelong passions, in part through his
interest in the poetry of Pablo Neruda.
[7]
He lived in Mexico for the first time at the age of 16, when he went to
study law at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) in Mexico City with an eye toward a
diplomatic career.
[2]
During this time, he also began working at the daily newspaper Hoy and writing short
stories.
[2]
In 1957, Fuentes was named head of cultural relations at the Secretariat of Foreign Affairs.
[6]
The following
year, he published Where the Air Is Clear, which immediately made him a "national celebrity"
[6]
and allowed
him to leave his diplomatic post to write full-time.
[1]
In 1959, he moved to Havana in the wake of the Cuban
Revolution, where he wrote pro-Castro articles and essays.
[6]
The same year, he married Mexican actress Rita
Macedo.
[2]
Considered "dashingly handsome",
[4]
Fuentes also had high profile affairs with actresses J eanne
Moreau and J ean Seberg, the latter of whom inspired his novel Diana: The Goddess Who Hunts Alone.
[6]
His
second marriage, to journalist Silvia Lemus, lasted until his death.
[8]
Fuentes served as Mexico's ambassador to France from 1975 to 1977, resigning in protest of former President
Gustavo Daz Ordaz's appointment as ambassador to Spain.
[1]
He also taught at Brown, Princeton, Harvard,
Columbia, University of Pennsylvania, Dartmouth, and Cornell.
[8][9]
His friends included Luis Buuel, William
Styron, Friedrich Drrenmatt,
[6]
and sociologist C. Wright Mills, to whom he dedicated his book The Death of
Artemio Cruz.
[10]
Once good friends with Nobel-winning Mexican poet Octavio Paz, Fuentes became estranged
from him in the 1980s in a disagreement over the Sandinistas, whom Fuentes supported.
[1]
In 1988, Paz's
magazine Vuelta carried an attack by Enrique Krauze on the legitimacy of Fuentes' Mexican identity, opening a
feud between Paz and Fuentes that lasted until Paz's 1998 death.
[6]
Fuentes fathered three children. Only one of them survived him: Cecilia Fuentes Macedo, born in 1962.
[1]
A
son, Carlos Fuentes Lemus, died from complications associated with hemophilia in 1999 at the age of 25. A
daughter, Natasha Fuentes Lemus (born August 31, 1974), died of an apparent drug overdose in Mexico City on
August 22, 2005, at the age of 30.
[11]
Fuentes described himself as a pre-modern writer, using only pens, ink and paper. He asked, "Do words need
Carlos Fuentes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Fuentes
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Carlos Fuentes at the Miami Book
Fair International of 1987
anything else?" Fuentes said that he detested those authors who from the
beginning claim to have a recipe for success. In a speech on his writing
process, he related that when he began the writing process, he began by
asking, "Who am I writing for?"
[12]
Fuentes' first novel, Where the Air Is Clear (La regin ms transparente),
was an immediate success.
[1]
The novel is built around the story of
Federico Robles who has abandoned his revolutionary ideals to become a
powerful financier but also offers "a kaleidoscopic presentation" of
vignettes of Mexico City, making it as much a "biography of the city" as of
an individual man.
[13]
The novel was celebrated not only for its prose,
which made heavy use of interior monologue and explorations of the subconscious,
[1]
but also for its "stark
portrait of inequality and moral corruption in modern Mexico".
[14]
A year later, he followed with another novel, The Good Conscience (Las Buenas Conciencias), which depicted
the privileged middle classes of a medium-sized town, probably modeled on Guanajuato. Described by a
contemporary reviewer as "the classic Marxist novel", it tells the story of a privileged young man whose
impulses toward social equality are suffocated by his family's materialism.
[15]
Fuentes' best-known novel, The Death of Artemio Cruz (La muerte de Artemio Cruz) appeared in 1962 and is
today "widely regarded as a seminal work of modern Spanish American literature".
[7]
Like many of his works,
the novel used rotating narrators, a technique critic Karen Hardy described as demonstrating "the complexities
of a human or national personality".
[6]
The novel is heavily influenced by Orson Welles' Citizen Kane, and
attempts literary parallels to Welles' techniques, including close-up, cross-cutting, deep focus, and flashback.
[7]
Like Kane, the novel begins with the titular protagonist on his deathbed; the story of Cruz's life is then filled in
by flashbacks as the novel moves between past and present. Cruz is a former soldier of the Mexican Revolution
who has become wealthy and powerful through "violence, blackmail, bribery, and brutal exploitation of the
workers".
[16]
The novel explores the corrupting effects of power and criticizes the distortion of the
revolutionaries' original aims through "class domination, Americanization, financial corruption, and failure of
land reform".
[17]
Fuentes' 1975 Terra Nostra, perhaps his most ambitious novel, is a "massive, Byzantine work" that tells the
story of all Hispanic civilization.
[7]
Modeled on J ames J oyce's Finnegans Wake, Terra Nostra shifts
unpredictably between the sixteenth century and the twentieth, seeking the roots of contemporary Latin
American society in the struggle between the conquistadors and indigenous Americans. Like Artemio Cruz, the
novel also draws heavily on cinematic techniques.
[7]
The novel won the Xavier Villaurrutia Award in 1976
[18]
and the Venezuelan Rmulo Gallegos Prize in 1977.
[19]
His 1985 novel The Old Gringo (Gringo viejo), loosely based on American author Ambrose Bierce's
disappearance during the Mexican Revolution,
[8]
became the first U.S. bestseller written by a Mexican
author.
[3]
The novel tells the story of Harriet Winslow, a young American woman who travels to Mexico, and
finds herself in the company of an aging American journalist (called only "the old gringo") and Toms Arroyo,
a revolutionary general. Like many of Fuentes' works, it explores the way in which revolutionary ideals become
corrupted, as Arroyo chooses to pursue the deed to an estate where he once worked as a servant rather than
follow the goals of the revolution.
[20]
In 1989, the novel was adapted into the U.S. film Old Gringo starring
Gregory Peck, J ane Fonda, and J immy Smits.
[3]
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Mexican historian Enrique Krauze was a vigorous critic of Fuentes and his fiction, dubbing him a "guerrilla
dandy" in a 1988 article for the perceived gap between his Marxist politics and his personal lifestyle.
[21]
Krauze
accused Fuentes of selling out to the PRI government and being "out of touch with Mexico", exaggerating its
people to appeal to foreign audiences: "There is the suspicion in Mexico that Fuentes merely uses Mexico as a
theme, distorting it for a North American public, claiming credentials that he does not have."
[4][22]
The essay,
published in Octavio Paz's magazine Vuelta, began a feud between Paz and Fuentes that lasted until Paz's
death.
[6]
Following Fuentes' death, however, Krauze described him to reporters as "one of the most brilliant
writers of the 20th Century".
[23]
Fuentes' works have been translated into 24 languages.
[3]
He remained prolific to the end of his life, with an
essay on the new government of France appearing in Reforma newspaper on the day of his death.
[24]
The Los Angeles Times described Fuentes' politics as "moderate liberal", noting that he criticized "the excesses
of both the left and the right".
[4]
Fuentes was a long-standing critic of the Institutional Revolutionary Party
(PRI) government that ruled Mexico between 1929 and the election of Vicente Fox in 2000, and later of
Mexico's inability to reduce drug violence. He has expressed his sympathies with the Zapatista rebels in
Chiapas.
[1]
Fuentes was also critical of U.S. foreign policy, including Ronald Reagan's opposition to the
Sandinistas,
[6]
George W. Bush's anti-terrorism tactics,
[1]
U.S. immigration policy,
[3]
and the role of the U.S. in
the Mexican Drug War.
[4]
His politics caused him to be blocked from entering the United States until a
Congressional intervention in 1967.
[1]
Once, after being denied permission to travel to a 1963 New York City
book release party, he responded "The real bombs are my books, not me".
[1]
Much later in his life, he
commented that "The United States is very good at understanding itself, and very bad at understanding
others."
[2]
The U.S. State Department and the Federal Bureau of Investigation closely monitored Fuentes during the 1960s,
purposefully delaying and often denying the authors visa applications.
[25]
Fuentes' FBI file, released on
J une 20, 2013, reveals that the FBIs upper echelons were interested in Fuentes movements, because of the
writer's suspected communist-leanings and criticism of the Vietnam War. Long-time FBI Associate Director
Clyde Tolson was copied on several updates about Fuentes.
[26]
Initially a supporter of Fidel Castro's Cuban Revolution, Fuentes turned against Castro after being branded a
"traitor" to Cuba in 1965 for attending a New York conference
[6]
and the 1971 imprisonment of poet Heberto
Padilla by the Cuban government.
[2]
The Guardian described him as accomplishing "the rare feat for a leftwing
Latin American intellectual of adopting a critical attitude towards Fidel Castro's Cuba without being dismissed
as a pawn of Washington."
[2]
Fuentes also criticized Venezuelan President Hugo Chvez, dubbing him "a
tropical Mussolini."
[1]
Fuentes' last message on Twitter read, "There must be something beyond slaughter and barbarism to support the
existence of mankind and we must all help search for it."
[27]
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On May 15, 2012, Fuentes died in Angeles del Pedregal hospital in southern Mexico City from a massive
hemorrhage.
[8][28]
He had been brought there after his doctor had found him collapsed in his Mexico City
home.
[8]
Mexican President Felipe Caldern wrote on Twitter, "I am profoundly sorry for the death of our loved and
admired Carlos Fuentes, writer and universal Mexican. Rest in peace."
[5]
Nobel laureate Mario Vargas Llosa
stated, "with him, we lose a writer whose work and whose presence left a deep imprint".
[5]
French President
Franois Hollande called Fuentes "a great friend of our country" and stated that Fuentes had "defended with
ardour a simple and dignified idea of humanity".
[29]
Salman Rushdie tweeted "RIP Carlos my friend".
[29]
Fuentes received a state funeral on May 16, with his funeral cortege briefly stopping traffic in Mexico City. The
ceremony was held in the Palacio de Bellas Artes and was attended by President Caldern.
[29]
Novels
La regin ms transparente (Where the Air Is Clear) (1958) ISBN 978-970-58-0014-6
Las buenas conciencias (The Good Conscience) (1961) ISBN 978-970-710-004-6
Aura (1961) ISBN 978-968-411-181-3
La muerte de Artemio Cruz (The Death of Artemio Cruz) (1962) ISBN 978-0-374-52283-4
Cambio de piel (A Change of Skin) (1967)
Zona sagrada (Holy Place) (1967)
Cumpleaos (Birthday) (1969)
Terra Nostra (1975)
La cabeza de la hidra (The Hydra Head) (1978)
Agua quemada (Burnt Water) (1980)
Una familia lejana (Distant Relations) (1980)
Gringo viejo (The Old Gringo) (1985)
Cristbal Nonato (Christopher Unborn) (1987)
Ceremonias del alba (1991)
The Campaign (1992)
El naranjo (The Orange Tree) (1994)
Diana o la cazadora solitaria (Diana: the Goddess Who Hunts Alone) (1995)
La frontera de cristal (The Crystal Frontier: A Novel of Nine Stories) (1996)
Los aos con Laura Daz (The Years With Laura Diaz) (1999)
Instinto de Inez (Inez) (2001)
La silla del guila (The Eagle's Throne) (2002)
Todas las familias felices (Happy Families) (2006), ISBN 987-04-0557-6
La voluntad y la fortuna (Destiny and Desire) (2008), ISBN 978-1400068807
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Vlad (2010)
Federico en su Balcn (2012) (posthumous)
Short stories
Los das enmascarados (1954)
Cantar de ciegos (1964)
Chac Mool y otros cuentos (1973)
Agua quemada (1983) ISBN 968-16-1577-8
Dos educaciones. (1991) ISBN 84-397-1728-8
Los hijos del conquistador (1994)
Inquieta compaa (2004)
Las dos Elenas
El hijo de Andrs Aparicio
Essays
La nueva novela hispanoamericana (1969) ISBN 968-27-0142-2
El mundo de Jos Luis Cuevas (1969)
Casa con dos puertas (1970)
Tiempo mexicano (1971)
Miguel de Cervantes o la crtica de la lectura (1976)
Myself With Others (1988)
El Espejo Enterrado (The Buried Mirror: Reflections on Spain and the New World) (1992) ISBN
84-306-0265-8
Geografa de la novela (1993) ISBN 968-16-4044-6
Tres discursos para dos aldeas ISBN 950-557-195-X
Nuevo tiempo mexicano (A New Time for Mexico) (1995) ISBN 968-19-0231-9
Retratos en el tiempo, with Carlos Fuentes Lemus (2000)
Los cinco soles de Mxico: memoria de un milenio (2000) ISBN 84-322-1063-3
En esto creo (2002) ISBN 970-58-0087-1
Contra Bush (2004) ISBN 968-19-1450-3
Los 68 (2005) ISBN 0307274152
Personas (2012) ISBN 0307274152
Theater
Todos los gatos son pardos (1970)
El tuerto es rey (1970).
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Los reinos originarios: teatro hispano-mexicano (1971)
Orqudeas a la luz de la luna. Comedia mexicana. (1982)
Ceremonias del alba (1990)
Screenplays
No oyes ladrar los perros? (1974)
Pedro Pramo (1967)
Los caifanes (1966)
Un alma pura (1965) (episode from Los bienamados)
Tiempo de morir (1965) (written in collaboration with Gabriel Garca Mrquez)
Las dos Elenas (1964)
El gallo de oro (1964) (written in collaboration with Gabriel Garca Mrquez and Roberto Gavaldn,
from a short story by J uan Rulfo)
1967 Biblioteca Breve Award for A Change of Skin
[7]
1972 Member of the Colegio Nacional
[19]
1972 Mazatln Literature Prize for Tiempo mexicano (Fuentes refused the award in protest against the
policies of the government of the state of Sinaloa against the student movement at the State University of
Sinaloa)
[30]
1976 Xavier Villaurrutia Award for Terra Nostra
[18]
1977 Rmulo Gallegos Prize for Terra Nostra
[19]
1979 Alfonso Reyes International Prize
[19]
1983 Honorary Doctorate granted by Harvard University
[31]
1984 Mexican National Prize for Arts and Sciences
[32]
1984 Massey Lecture
[33]
1987 Miguel de Cervantes Prize
[3]
1987 Honorary Doctorate (Doctor of Letters) granted by the University of Cambridge
[34]
1989 Istituto Italo-Latino Americano Award for The Old Gringo
[7]
1992 National Order of Merit of France
[19]
1992 Menndez Pelayo International Prize
[35]
1993 Commander of the Order of Merit of Chile
[19]
1994 Grinzane Cavour Prize
[19]
1994 Prince of Asturias Award
[19]
1994 UNESCO's Pablo Picasso Medal
[19]
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1999 Belisario Domnguez Medal of Honor
[36]
2001 Honorary Member of the Mexican Academy of Language
[37]
2004 Prize of the Real Academia Espaola for En esto creo
[38]
2005 Galileo 2000 Prize
[39]
2006 Four Freedoms Award for Freedom of Speech and Expression
[40]
2006 Huizinga Lecture
[41]
2008 Internacional don Quijote de la Mancha Prize
[35]
2009 Great Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
[35]
2011 Prix Formentor
[35]
2012 Creation of the Carlos Fuentes International Prize for Literary Creation in the Spanish Language by
the Mexican government.
[42]
^
a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

j

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Anthony DePalma (May 15, 2012). "Carlos Fuentes, Mexican Man of Letters, Dies at 83"
(http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/16/books/carlos-fuentes-mexican-novelist-dies-at-83.html). The New York Times.
Retrieved May 16, 2012.
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Nick Caistor (May 15, 2012). "Carlos Fuentes obituary" (http://www.guardian.co.uk/books
/2012/may/15/carlos-fuentes). The Guardian (London). Retrieved May 17, 2012.
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Anahi Rama and Lizbeth Diaz (May 15, 2012). "Mexican novelist Carlos Fuentes dies at 83"
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20120515_1_artemio-cruz-crystal-frontier-carlos-fuentes). Chicago Tribune. Reuters. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
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Reed J ohnson and Ken Ellingwood (May 16, 2012). "Carlos Fuentes dies at 83; Mexican novelist"
(http://articles.latimes.com/2012/may/16/local/la-me-carlos-fuentes-20120516/2). Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May
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"Mexican author Carlos Fuentes dead at 83" (http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-18081034).
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Marcela Valdes (May 16, 2012). "Carlos Fuentes, Mexican novelist, dies at 83"
(http://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/carlos-fuentes-mexican-novelist-dies-at-83/2012/05/15
/gIQAx7dxRU_story.html). The Washington Post. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
6.
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Howard Fraser, Daniel Altamiranda, and Susana Perea-Fox (J anuary 2012). "Carlos Fuentes"
(http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.lib.uwm.edu/ehost/detail?sid=da901246-4dd8-4e04-833d-
0ac6fbf207da%40sessionmgr110&vid=1&hid=105&bdata=J nNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=lfh&
AN=103331CSLF12290140000153). Critical Survey of Long Fiction. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
7.
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"Carlos Fuentes, prolific Mexican novelist, essayist, dies at 83; mourned around globe"
(http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/carlos-fuentes-prolific-mexican-novelist-essayist-dies-at-
83-mourned-around-globe/2012/05/15/gIQAMFSJ SU_story.html). The Washington Post. Associated Press. May 15,
2012. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
8.
Carlos Fuentes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Fuentes
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^ J onathan Roeder and Randall Woods (May 15, 2012). "Carlos Fuentes, Mexican Author With Global Fans, Dies At
83" (http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-05-15/carlos-fuentes-mexican-author-with-global-fans-dies-
at-83-2-.html). Bloomberg. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
9.
^ Maarten van Delden (1993). "Carlos Fuentes: From Identity to Alternativity" (http://www.jstor.org/discover
/10.2307/2904639?uid=3739744&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&uid=3739256&sid=56182237133). Modern
Language Notes (J ohns Hopkins University) 108: 331346. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
10.
^ "Muere Natasha Fuentes Lemus, hija de Carlos Fuentes" (http://www.letralia.com/129/0822fuentes.htm). Letralia.
September 5, 2012. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
11.
^ "Desconfa Carlos Fuentes de los escritores con xito garantizado" (http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas
/460937.html). El Universal (in Spanish). November 13, 2007. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
12.
^ Genevieve Slomski (November 2010). "Where the Air Is Clear" (http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.lib.uwm.edu
/ehost/detail?sid=afd06b72-6e58-489c-a957-e93f4fa8ac2b%40sessionmgr113&vid=1&hid=105&
bdata=J nNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=lfh&AN=103331MP431479310000330). Masterplots. Retrieved
18 May 2012.
13.
^ Husna Haq (May 16, 2012). "Carlos Fuentes: 5 best novels" (http://www.csmonitor.com/Books/2012/0516/Carlos-
Fuentes-5-best-novels/Where-the-Air-is-Clear-1957). The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
14.
^ Seldan Rodman (November 12, 1961). "Revolution Isn't Enough" (http://www.nytimes.com/books/97/10/26/home
/fuente-conscience.html). The New York Times. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
15.
^ "The Death of Artemio Cruz" (http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.lib.uwm.edu/ehost/detail?sid=e9b84d45-
eb2b-4f54-835a-93ceb01b3d70%40sessionmgr111&vid=1&hid=105&bdata=J nNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ
%3d%3d#db=lfh&AN=103331MP414709310000063). Masterplots. November 2010. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
16.
^ Genevieve Slomski and Thomas L. Erskine (J anuary 2009). "The Death of Artemio Cruz"
(http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.lib.uwm.edu/ehost/detail?sid=3d9f1db2-a389-4eb3-
a3ca-fdbdd16813af%40sessionmgr104&vid=1&hid=105&bdata=J nNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=lfh&
AN=103331MSW17619850000760). Magill's Survery of World Literature. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
17.
^
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"Premio Xavier Villaurrutia" (http://www.epdlp.com/premios.php?premio=Xavier%20Villaurrutia). El poder de
la palabra. Retrieved December 7, 2009.
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"Fuentes, Carlos" (http://www.colegionacional.org.mx/SACSCMS/XStatic/colegionacional/template
/content.aspx?se=vida&te=detallemiembro&mi=119) (in Spanish). Colegio Nacional. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
19.
^ Bernadette Flynn Low (November 2010). "The Old Gringo" (http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.lib.uwm.edu/ehost
/detail?sid=d9f17314-8476-4a69-9f07-ea97dc7d656f%40sessionmgr111&vid=1&hid=105&
bdata=J nNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=lfh&AN=103331MP424089820000713). Masterplots. Retrieved
18 May 2012.
20.
^ Marjorie Miller (May 17, 2012). "Appreciating Mexican author Carlos Fuentes" (http://www.google.com
/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5ggNhykG2EBmKe3ewpzl-
kKeMpy6g?docId=bc48bc7f383d400891091379c48c4979). Google News. Associated Press. Retrieved May 18,
2012.
21.
^ "Mexico mourns death of Carlos Fuentes" (http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews
/centralamericaandthecaribbean/mexico/9268694/Mexico-mourns-death-of-Carlos-Fuentes.html). The Telegraph
(London). May 15, 2012. Retrieved 18 May 2012.
22.
Carlos Fuentes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Fuentes
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^ "Reaction to death of Mexican author Carlos Fuentes" (http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-502927_162-57434907
/reaction-to-death-of-mexican-author-carlos-fuentes/). CBS News. May 15, 2012. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
23.
^ Alejandro Escalona (May 16, 2012). "Carlos Fuentes embraced Chicago" (http://www.suntimes.com/news/escalona
/12575856-452/carlos-fuentes-embraced-chicago.html). Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
24.
^ Graham Kates (J une 21, 2013). "FBI Foiled and Followed Author" (http://www.nycitynewsservice.com/2013/06
/21/fbi-foiled-and-followed-author/). NYCity News Service. Retrieved J une 22, 2013.
25.
^ http://www.nycitynewsservice.com/2013/06/21/fbi-foiled-and-followed-author/. Missing or empty | t i t l e= (help) 26.
^ Noam Cohen (May 15, 2012). "The Day Carlos Fuentes Took to Twitter" (http://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com
/2012/05/15/the-day-carlos-fuentes-took-to-twitter/). The New York Times. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
27.
^ "Muere el escritor Carlos Fuentes" (http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/847415.html). El Universal. May 15,
2012. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
28.
^
a

b

c
Gaby Wood (May 17, 2012). "Presidents and Nobel winners honour Mexican writer Carlos Fuentes"
(http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/9272872/Presidents-and-Nobel-winners-honour-Mexican-writer-Carlos-
Fuentes.html). The Telegraph (London). Retrieved May 17, 2012.
29.
^ El premio en la pgina del Carnaval de Mazatln (http://www.carnavalmazatlan.net/#/Arte_y_Cultrua
/premio_de_literatura)
30.
^ "Harvard Honorary Degrees" (http://www.harvard.edu/honorary-degrees). 31.
^ Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes. "Premio Nacional de Ciencias y Artes" (http://www.ecultura.gob.mx
/artistas_y_grupos_artisticos/pnca/indiceac/pnca_anoycampo.pdf). Secretara de Educacin Pblica. Retrieved
December 1, 2009.
32.
^ Carlos Fuentes (November 7, 1984). "The 1984 CBC Massey Lectures, "Latin America: At War With The Past" "
(http://www.cbc.ca/ideas/massey-archives/1984/11/07/massey-lectures-1984-latin-america-at-war-with-the-past/).
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
33.
^ "Cambridge Honorary Degrees" (http://www.cam.ac.uk/univ/degrees/honorary/recipients.html). 34.
^
a

b

c

d
"Muere Carlos Fuentes" (http://www.lne.es/general/2012/05/15/muere-carlos-fuentes/1242348.html). lne.es.
Reuters. May 15, 2012. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
35.
^ "Personas Galardonadas y Discursos Pronunciados" (http://www.senado.gob.mx/index.php?ver=sen&
mn=7&sm=6). Senado de la Republica de Mexico. May 17, 2012. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
36.
^ "Miembros de la Academia Mexicana de la Lengua" (http://www.academia.org.mx/miembros.php?tipo=6) (in
Spanish). Academia Mexicana de la Lengua. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
37.
^ Real Academia Espaola (2004). "Premio Real Academia Espaola de creacin literaria 2004" (http://www.rae.es
/rae/gestores/gespub000004.nsf/voTodosporId/CDA7E60511EFB856C12572C30038B1FA?OpenDocument).
Retrieved August 23, 2010.
38.
^ "Dan a Carlos Fuentes premio Galileo 2000" (http://www.elsiglodedurango.com.mx/noticia/72917.dan-a-carlos-
fuentes-premio-galileo-2000.html). El Siglo=. J une 20, 2005. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
39.
^ "Laureates Since 1982" (http://www.fourfreedoms.nl/four-freedoms-awards/laureates-since-1982/year:2006.htm).
The Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Award. 2012. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
40.
^ "Huizinga-lezing archief" (http://www.hum.leiden.edu/history/huizinga-lezing/archief/archief-1.html) (in Dutch).
Leiden University. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
41.
^ (Spanish) "Conaculta anuncia el Premio Internacional Carlos Fuentes a la Creacin Literaria en el Idioma Espaol"
(http://www.conaculta.gob.mx/sala_prensa_detalle.php?id=21561). J uly 3, 2012. Retrieved J uly 4, 2012.
42.
Carlos Fuentes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Fuentes
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Appearances (http://www.c-spanvideo.org/carlosfuentes) on C-SPAN
Carlos Fuentes (http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0297391/) at the Internet Movie Database
Works by or about Carlos Fuentes (http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n80-22904) in libraries (WorldCat
catalog)
Carlos Fuentes (http://www.nndb.com/people/290/000106969) at the Notable Names Database
Awards
Preceded by
Jos Angel Conchello Dvila
Belisario Domnguez Medal of Honor
1999
Succeeded by
Leopoldo Zea Aguilar
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carlos_Fuentes&oldid=604911196"
Categories: 1928 births 2012 deaths 20th-century Mexican writers Brown University faculty
Burials at Montparnasse Cemetery Columbia University faculty Harvard University staff
Magic realism writers Members of El Colegio Nacional Members of the Mexican Academy of Language
Mexican columnists Mexican diplomats Mexican novelists
National Autonomous University of Mexico alumni
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic People from Panama City Postmodern writers
Premio Cervantes winners Princeton University faculty Recipients of the Belisario Domnguez Medal
Recipients of the Order of Merit (Chile) University of Pennsylvania faculty
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