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CSC435: OBJECT ORIENTED

PROGRAMMING
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PROGRAMMING
Topic 1 Introduction to Object Oriented Programming
Mohd Hanapi Abdul Latif
Contents
Introduction to object
Characteristics of OOP
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Mohd Hanapi Abdul Latif
Objectives
At the end of this topic, you should be able to
know the elements of an object.
differentiate between objects and classes.
understand the characteristics of OOP
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Mohd Hanapi Abdul Latif
Object Oriented Programming (OOP)
OOP is a programming technique that uses objects
to design the applications and computer programs.
The technology focuses on data rather than processes,
with programs composed of self-sufficient modules
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("classes"), each instance of which ("objects") contains
all the information needed to manipulate its own data
structure ("members").
An object-oriented program may thus be viewed as a
collection of interacting objects - each object is
capable of receiving messages, processing data, and
sending messages to other objects.
Mohd Hanapi Abdul Latif
Introduction to Objects
Object is a thing, tangible & intangible
Tangible objects are objects that we can see & touch such as
people (student, staff employee, etc, and vehicle (car, bike)
Intangible objects are objects that we cannot see & touch such
as laws, policies, events, accounts, etc.
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as laws, policies, events, accounts, etc.
Each object has attribute (state) and behaviors/operation (to
manipulate the data).
Eg. a bicycle has a attribute (the number of wheels and the
current gear), and behavior (braking, accelerating, slowing
down, changing gears).
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Elements of an object
Attribute
Behaviour
State
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Elements of an object
Attribute
The relevant data that relate with the object
Also known as state or field or variable
Example data for car object
Color
Model
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Model
Behaviour
means the object can perform actions & can have actions
performed on it.
Also known as methods or functions
Example for the operation on car
Moving
Changing gear
Stop
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Elements of an object
State
The description about the data (fields/attribute) contained in
an object at any point in time
Example:
Car have state (color, model)
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State 1: blue, toyota
State 2: red, honda
If the data changed, means the state is changed
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An air-conditioner at MK14B3 is an object
-state: turn on
current temperature is at 24 degree
celcius.
Example 1:
-behaviour: change the temperature level
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Example 2:
state: dark brown
colours on its face, ears and
feet
behaviors : playing,
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p y g,
fighting, hunting
A Siamese cat
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Example 3:
How about the following cats?
They are 3 different cats which two of them are of
the same type.
What makes them different?
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their states and behaviors
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Example 4:
How about these cars?
Try to identify their common attributes
and behaviours.
car
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What can you tell from the Eg 1 to 4 ?
A group of animals or things that are similar in some
way.
They share the same attributes and behaviours.
This group of objects represents a class. g p j p
Mohd Hanapi Abdul Latif
Class
a kind of template (an
abstraction of a real
world entity)
Provides the specifications
object is created from a
class.
is called an instance of a
class
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Object
for the objects behaviors
and attributes.
A collection of objects of
similar type.
must be defined before
creating an instance of
the class.
is comprised of data
(attributes) & methods
(operations) that
manipulate these data.
can create an object or
many objects from a class
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Variables Variables
Represents the data/ attributes
variables.
a set of properties
Student
name
id
setName()
setId()
Example 5:
Methods
setId()
updName()
:Student
name=Sarah
id=1234
class
object / instance of the class
Represents the behaviors.
Asequence of instructions that a
class or an object follows to
perform a task.
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Message
An object cant exist on its own.
An object communicates with other objects.
Therefore, a message is used to instruct a class
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or an object to perform a task.
An object or a class only responds to
messages that it can understand. Messages
must match the method that it possess.
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Why OO is chose?
Current problem of software:
Software is difficult to develop, maintain and
modify.
Most software is over budget and delivered late.
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Programmers still have to create software from
the ground-up.
OO introduces techniques that help:
Developing a more cost-effective and efficient
software that will be delivered on time.
Adapt quickly to new changes or client demand
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Characteristics/concepts of OOP
Abstraction
Encapsulation
Inheritance
P l hi Polymorphism
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Abstraction
the act of a software module containing
relevant characteristics of the object to be
represented (designing classes)
Object modeling is base on data that can be
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stored and functions, which are to manipulate
the data.
Type of objects are declared in program thru
class.
Different programmer may model an object
from different class hierarchical classifications.
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Encapsulation
To encapsulate means to enclose in a capsule. It is a way
of packaging information.
In OOP data (attributes) and methods(behavior) are
encapsulated into container called classes.
Classes have the property of data hiding.
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Classes have the property of data hiding.
Data hiding declaring the object data to be private so
it will not be accessible by non-member modules
This means although objects may know how to
communicate with one another thru interface, normally
the object is not allowed to know how other objects are
implemented.
Mohd Hanapi Abdul Latif
Inheritance - the use of extends
The process by which one object acquires the
properties of another object.
An object need only to define all those qualities
that make it unique within its class. It inherits its
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general attributes from its parent.
A subclass has at least one attribute/method that
differs from its superclass
Other names :base class-derived class, parent
class-child class
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An Inheritance Hierarchy
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What properties does each vehicle inherit from the
types of vehicles above it in the diagram?
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Example 6 : mobile phone
MobilePhone
CameraPhone
model
manufacturer
price
pixel
PdaPhone
model
manufacturer
price

superclass subclass
subclass
model
manufacturer
price
memoryCap

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Polymorphism
From the Greek, meaning many forms.
A feature that allows one interface to be used
for a general class of actions.
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one interface, multiple methods
Can be applied in the overloaded methods (a
few methods that have the same name but with
different parameters).
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Example 7
Class : Rectangle
Variables : length, width, height
Methods : .
displayShape(char simbol)
di l Sh (i t ) displayShape(int a)
This class has 2 methods with the same name but
with different type of parameters
Mohd Hanapi Abdul Latif
Conclusion
Elements of an object are attribute, behaviour and
identity.
A class is a collection of objects of similar type.
An object is comprised of data and operations that
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manipulate these data.
Characteristics of OOP is abstraction,
encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism.
Mohd Hanapi Abdul Latif
Next
Java Programming Basics
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Mohd Hanapi Abdul Latif
Exercise
Suppose you are given the task of designing a
course registration system that keeps the
courses register by the student. List the classes
you think would be necessary for designing
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you think would be necessary for designing
such a system.