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1. Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821 due to fears of liberal tendencies in Spain. It lost the northern half of its territory to the US after the Mexican-American War in the 1840s.
2. The Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) ruled Mexico for over 90 years through a dominant-party system of statism, co-optation, and clientelism. PRI rule provided contrived stability but little constitutionalism.
3. Mexico struggles with high unemployment, poverty, and drug cartel violence. Illegal immigration and drug flows to the US would decrease if demand was reduced. Establishing the rule of law could allow Mexico to become Latin America's growth tiger.
Исходное описание:
On AP Comparative Government study guide by Roskin for 2014
1. Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821 due to fears of liberal tendencies in Spain. It lost the northern half of its territory to the US after the Mexican-American War in the 1840s.
2. The Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) ruled Mexico for over 90 years through a dominant-party system of statism, co-optation, and clientelism. PRI rule provided contrived stability but little constitutionalism.
3. Mexico struggles with high unemployment, poverty, and drug cartel violence. Illegal immigration and drug flows to the US would decrease if demand was reduced. Establishing the rule of law could allow Mexico to become Latin America's growth tiger.
1. Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821 due to fears of liberal tendencies in Spain. It lost the northern half of its territory to the US after the Mexican-American War in the 1840s.
2. The Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) ruled Mexico for over 90 years through a dominant-party system of statism, co-optation, and clientelism. PRI rule provided contrived stability but little constitutionalism.
3. Mexico struggles with high unemployment, poverty, and drug cartel violence. Illegal immigration and drug flows to the US would decrease if demand was reduced. Establishing the rule of law could allow Mexico to become Latin America's growth tiger.
IMPACT OF THE PAST: Mesoamerica had several civilizationscomplex cultures based in citiesbefore the Europeans arrived but, with few domesticable plants and animals, never achieved European levels !n tr"in# to catch up with $ortu#al%s route to &sia around &frica, 'pain found (atin &merica and )uickl" took it over for *#old, +od, and #lor"* ,eakened b" smallpox, the &-tecs fell to Cortes in ./0., and 1exico became 'pain%s richest colon", exploited for its #old and silver 2he" set up 1exico%s class s"stem'paniards (or Creoles) at the top, mesti-os in the middle, and indi#enas (!ndians) at the bottom 1exico #ained a painless independence in .30. because its conservative Catholic elite feared liberal tendencies in 'pain 2hat same "ear &mericans were invited into 2exas and soon took it over, leadin# to the &lamo and .345643 7' war, which cost 1exico its northern half 2he 7' Civil ,ar allowed the stran#e 8rench occupation, .35.659 :ia- dominated 1exico .3996.;.<, offerin# Positivism but worsenin# povert" 2he Revolution of .;.<60< was lon#, violent, complex, and multi6sided !t finall" calmed when Calles institutionalized a dominant sin#le part" later called the Revolutionar" !nstitutional $art" ($R!) THE KEY ISTIT!TIOS: $R! practiced statism" co#o$tation" cor$oratism" and clientelism to rule uninterrupted for 9. "ears in a series of sexenios, sin#le six6"ear terms for each president, who was desi#nated b" his predecessor Priismo was contrived stabilit" that looked democratic but was little bound b" constitutionalism% !n .;=4 leftist president Cardenas nationali-ed 1exico%s oil $R!, founded as socialistic and anticlerical>, illustrates a dominant6part" s"stem 1exico%s Con#ress and 'enate are no lon#er dominated b" $R!, which lost votes due to corruption and economic problems 8ox and Calderon of the conservative and Catholic $&? won the presidenc" in 0<<< and (narrowl") in 0<<5 2he leftist $R: also #rew as $R! declined $R! became corrupt and crime6ridden MEXICA PO&ITICA& C!&T!'E: 1exico is stran#e, because atop an !ndian culture it shuffled outmoded European importsclassic liberalism, positivism, socialism, rural socialism, anarchism, anticlericalism, fascism, and communism which do not cohere @oxes explain $ersonalismo" mac(ismo" and de$endenc) t(eor)% PATTE'S OF ITE'ACTIO: $R! was informall" split between $oliticos" elected politicians who tr" to please the masses, and unelected tecnicos" who strive for economic stabili-ation b" appl"in# neoli*eralism even if it hurts the masses ?ow $R: and $&? respectivel" represent these two strands 1exicans, like most (atin &mericans, are not necessaril" devoted to democrac"A the" prefer someone who puts food on the table Catholicism is the sleeper of 1exican politics and helped #et 8ox and Calderon elected & box explains several wa"s to ri# elections 1exican elections are a lot cleaner than the" used to be arcotra+icantes pervade 1exico, even bu"in# top officials ,HAT MEXICAS -!A''E& A.O!T: 1exico%s population exploded in the twentieth centur", but Bobs #rew slowl" 7nemplo"ment and povert" are rife, leadin# to miles of shant"towns and a fli#ht to Bobs in the 7nited 'tates Rural #uerrillas appeared in .;;4 and still fi#ht in the mountains of Chiapas, in 1exico%s south (atin &merica thus far has benefited little from #lobali-ation 1exico%s $RC would drop out of ?&82&A $&? likes it 2he %problems of dru#s and ille#al immi#rants are partl" 7' problems !f we did not bu" the dru#s and emplo" the ille#al immi#rants, the flow of both would stop 1exico badl" needs rule of law ,ith it, 1exico could become (atin &merica%s #rowth ti#er