208 Unit Operation Model Guide

USIM PAC 3.2

3.2 Level 1 models
Model 204 Spiral Concentrator (1)

Spiral 31 parameters Two output streams

# Parameters Default value
1 Number of units in parallel 1
2 Nominal solid flowrate per unit (t/h) 2
3 Nominal volumetric flowrate per unit (m3/h) 3
4 Specific gravity of water + slimes (kg/dm
3
) 1
5 Minimum specific gravity for corrected cut-point (kg/dm
3
) 3.5
6 Percent solids in the heavy stream (%) 70
7 Maximum particle size tolerated by the unit (mm) 2.5
8 Lower size of the optimum separation range (mm) 0.06
9 Upper size of the optimum separation range (mm) 2
10 Minimum recovery of light particles in the heavy stream 0.05
11 Minimum recovery of heavy fine particles 0.1
12 Minimum recovery of heavy coarse particles 0.3
13 Maximum recovery of heavy particles in the optimum range 0.98
14 Corrected cut-point specific gravity for coarse particles 0
15 Particle size at minimum cut-point specific gravity (mm) 0.1
16 Power of cut-point specific gravity according to fine size 1
17 Adjustment of cut-point specific gravity according to fine size 0
18 Power of cut-point specific gravity according to coarse size 1
19 Adjustment of cut-point specific gravity according to coarse size 0
20 Minimum corrected imperfection 0.3
21 Corrected imperfection for the coarse fraction 0
22 Particle size at minimum corrected imperfection (mm) 0.5
23 Power of corrected imperfection according to fine size 1
24 Adjustment of corrected imperfection according to fine size 0
25 Power of corrected imperfection according to coarse size 1
26 Adjustment of corrected imperfection according to coarse size 0
27 Power of corrected imperfection according to solids flowrate 1
28 Adjustment of corrected imperfection according to solids flowrate 0
29 Power of corrected imperfection according to volumetric flowrate 1
Unit Operation Model Guide 209
USIM PAC 3.2
30 Adjustment of corrected imperfection according to volumetric
flowrate
0
31 Spiral material (Steel or Fiberglass) Steel

Model focus example Model focus/Jig/Jig 1

This model is derived from the description of the gravity concentration of ores by means of
Fournol's density partition curves (H. Fournol: "Mthodes de calcul des possibilits
d'puration - prvision et garantie des rsultats industriels", Rev. Ind. Minrale, June 1974,
pp. 5-19). This curve uses a log-normal law to represent the corrected density partition
curves in units such as shaking tables, spirals and jigs; that is to say units which do not use a
dense medium as the means of concentration.
The curve of gravity partition takes the following form:
F' C C C F
1 2 1

where:
F probability of a particle of specific gravity to report to the heavy stream
1
C minimum probability to report to the heavy stream (parameter #10)
2
C maximum probability to report to the heavy stream
F value of the corrected density partition curve for a particle of specific gravity
,
O u
du e F'
2
2
2
1

with:
s p
s
I I
.
O log
1 log
6744 0
2

where:
p
cut-point specific gravity
s
pulp specific gravity (parameter #4)
I imperfection

The parameters ( I ,
p
,
1
C and
2
C ) of the density partition curve are determined for each
particle size class by using a model, derived by BRGM, which takes into account the size of
the particles, the volumetric and solid flowrates for each unit and type of unit (jig, shaking
table, spiral concentrator).

210 Unit Operation Model Guide
USIM PAC 3.2
Computation of the maximum probability for a particle to report to the heavy product
stream as a function of its size: d C
2
max min 2 2
max sup
sup max
max
min 2 max 2 min 2 2
sup inf max 2 2
inf
inf
min 2 max 2 min 2 2
if
if
if
if
d d C d C
d d d
d d
d d
C C C d C
d d d C d C
d d
d
d
C C C d C
c
c c
f f

where:
f
C
min 2
minimum recovery of heavy fine particles (parameter #11)
c
C
min 2
minimum recovery of heavy coarse particles (parameter #12)
max 2
C maximum recovery of heavy particles (parameter #13)
inf
d lower limit of the optimal particle size range (parameter #8)
sup
d upper limit of the optimal particle size range (parameter #9)
max
d maximum particle size tolerated by the unit (parameter #7)

Computation of the corrected cut-point specific gravity as a function of particle size:
d
p
1
1
min min
1
1
min
if
1
1
1
if ln
d d
d
d
d
d d
d
d
d
c
f
c
c
p pc p p
f p p

where:
min p
minimal corrected cut-point specific gravity (parameter #5)
pc
corrected cut-point specific gravity for coarse particles (parameter #14)
1
d particle size corresponding to the minimal corrected cut-point specific gravity
(parameter #15)
Unit Operation Model Guide 211
USIM PAC 3.2
f
adjustment parameter #16
f
adjustment parameter #17
c
adjustment parameter #18
c
adjustment parameter #19

If account is not to be taken of the variation in
p
as a function of the particle size then the
following values are entered: 0
f
and 0
c
.

Computation of the corrected imperfection as a function of particle size: d I
0
0
min min
0
0
min
if
1
1
1
if ln
d d
d
d
I I I d I
d d
d
d
I d I
Ic
If
Ic
Ic
c
If

where:
min
I minimal corrected imperfection (parameter #20)
c
I corrected imperfection for coarse particle (parameter #21)
0
d particle size corresponding to the minimal corrected imperfection (parameter #22)
If
adjustment parameter #23
If
adjustment parameter #24
Ic
adjustment parameter #25
Ic
adjustment parameter #26

If account is not to be taken of the variation in I as a function of particle size then the
following values are entered: 0
If
and 0
Ic


Computation of the corrected imperfection as a function of the volumetric and solids
flowrates
v s
Q Q X d I I , 1
212 Unit Operation Model Guide
USIM PAC 3.2
with:
*
* *
*
*
if 1 1 ,
if 1 ,
v v
v
v
v
s
s
s v s
v v
s
s
s v s
NQ Q
NQ
Q
NQ
Q
Q Q X
NQ Q
NQ
Q
Q Q X
v s
s

where:
*
s
Q nominal solids mass flowrate (parameter #2)
*
v
Q nominal volumetric flowrate (parameter #3)
N number of units in parallel (parameter #1)
s
adjustment parameter #27
s
adjustment parameter #28
v
adjustment parameter #29
v
adjustment parameter #30

If account is not to be taken of the variations of I as a function of the flowrates, then the
following values are entered: 0
s
and 0
v


General shape of the partition surface in the density - size space
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
2
3
4
5
6
7
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0

Unit Operation Model Guide 213
USIM PAC 3.2
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Specific gravity = 7.1
Particle sizes (m)


Structure and use of the model
The model allows three levels of use:
1. Defining the gravity partition curve as a function of particle size distribution by defining
parameters #1 through #13 in order to define the partition curve. At this level, the
corrected specific gravity cut-point and the imperfection are considered constant.
2. Taking into account the variation of the corrected specific gravity cut-point as a function
of the particle size by defining parameters #14 through #19, taking into account the
variation of the imperfection as a function of the particle size by defining parameters #20
through #26.
3. Taking into account the variation of the imperfection as a function of the flowrates by
defining parameters #27 through #30.

The levels 2 and 3 are independent but you always have to define the parameters requested
for the 1
st
level of use.

Notes
Parameters #8 through #13 are determined using an experimental partition curve.

The imperfection is calculated applying the following formula to the gravity partition curves
(Tromp's curve):
s c
c c
I
50
25 75
2
where:
s
pulp specific gravity (parameter #4)
214 Unit Operation Model Guide
USIM PAC 3.2

Capital cost
The capital cost C (in Canadian Dollar 1982) of a spiral depends on its nominal capacity
*
s
Q (parameter #2) and its material type (parameter #31):
b
s
aQ C
*

where:
Material *
s
Q (st/h)
a b
Steel
3000 5 . 1
*
s
Q
1472 1.00
Fiberglass
3000 1
*
s
Q
2448 0.870
This capital cost is updated and converted.
Ref: A.L. Mular, Mining and Mineral Processing Equipment Cost and Preliminary Capital
Cost Estimation", Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 1982, vol. 25, p. 91.

Unit Operation Model Guide 215
USIM PAC 3.2
Model 209 Jig (1)

Jig 32 parameters Two output streams

# Parameters Default value
1 Number of units in parallel 1
2 Nominal solid flowrate per unit (t/h) 100
3 Nominal volumetric flowrate per unit (m3/h) 100
4 Specific gravity of water + slimes (kg/dm
3
) 1
5 Minimum specific gravity for corrected cut-point (kg/dm
3
) 3.5
6 Percent solids in the heavy stream (%) 50
7 Maximum particle size tolerated by the unit (mm) 20
8 Lower size of the optimum separation range (mm) 1
9 Upper size of the optimum separation range (mm) 12
10 Minimum recovery of light particles in the heavy stream 0.02
11 Minimum recovery of heavy fine particles 0.1
12 Minimum recovery of heavy coarse particles 0.3
13 Maximum recovery of heavy particles in the optimum range 0.98
14 Corrected cut-point specific gravity for coarse particles 0
15 Particle size at minimum cut-point specific gravity (mm) 2
16 Power of cut-point specific gravity according to fine size 1
17 Adjustment of cut-point specific gravity according to fine size 0
18 Power of cut-point specific gravity according to coarse size 1
19 Adjustment of cut-point specific gravity according to coarse size 0
20 Minimum corrected imperfection 0.15
21 Corrected imperfection for the coarse fraction 0.15
22 Particle size at minimum corrected imperfection (mm) 2
23 Power of corrected imperfection according to fine size 1
24 Adjustment of corrected imperfection according to fine size 0
25 Power of corrected imperfection according to coarse size 1
26 Adjustment of corrected imperfection according to coarse size 0
27 Power of corrected imperfection according to solids flowrate 1
28 Adjustment of corrected imperfection according to solids flowrate 0
29 Power of corrected imperfection according to volumetric flowrate 1
30 Adjustment of corrected imperfection according to volumetric
flowrate
0
31 Jigging area (m
2
) 0.14
216 Unit Operation Model Guide
USIM PAC 3.2
32 Jig type (Simplex or Duplex) Simplex

Model focus example Model focus/Jig/Jig 1

This model is identical to the Spiral model.

Capital cost
The capital cost C (in Canadian Dollar 1982) of a jig depends on its area A (parameter
#31) and its type (parameter #32):
b
aA C
where:
Type
A (in
2
)
a b
22 . 217 24 A
6498.7 0.05716 Simplex
864 22 . 217 A
742.7 0.4603
16 . 233 96 A
4930 0.1786 Duplex
864 16 . 233 A
1069.8 0.4589
This capital cost is updated and converted.
Ref: A.L. Mular, Mining and Mineral Processing Equipment Cost and Preliminary Capital
Cost Estimation", Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 1982, vol. 25, p. 99.