INTRODUCTION

To understand the administration must know the perspective of the history of this subject, the facts
about what happened and led to the continuing evolution of this activity. That is why the importance of
knowing the history and origin of the administration.
The administration is the body responsible for specific resources that are productive and responsible
development. It is actually an essential activity and this explains why, once established, grew so rapidly.
Human beings are social by nature, we tend to organize and cooperate with others. The history of
mankind can be described through the development of social organizations based in ancient times by
nomadic tribes, when the organization for fruit picking and hunting of animals began, and then the
discovery of agriculture leaded to the creation of small communities.
If we review the history of mankind, would find that ancient peoples worked together in formal
organizations (eg. Greek and Roman armies, the Roman Catholic Church, the East India Company, etc.).
Also people have written about how to achieve that organizations are effective and efficient, long
before the term "administration" had appeared and had been defined.
The companies have been transforming, for centuries were characterized by predominant land forms,
where family, community groups and small communities were important. Subsequently, they were
transformed into other industrial type, driven by the Industrial Revolution and characterized by the
emergence and development of large organizations and industrial centers.
The systematic body of knowledge on management starts during the Industrial Revolution in the
nineteenth century, when large companies requiring new forms of organization and administrative
practices emerged. The large-scale industrial enterprise was something new.
Management today is the result of numerous contributions ranging from philosophers, economists,
physicists, engineers, psychologists and others. For thousands of years the administration has been
proof of this are: the pyramids of Egypt and the Great Wall of China, however it was not until the
twentieth century that management theories began to emerge and progress starts and an authentic
developing of administration.
PREHISTORIC ADMINISTRATION
The first signs of administration arose when primitive men were united and organized to deal with the
adverse conditions they faced in nature. With the end of nomadism and the beginning of agriculture,
around the 10,000 BC humans began to gather in small social groups. These tribes began to demand
increased services, reason why men then tended to specialize in various activities. Some continued
hunting, others gathered, others cultivated land, others tending livestock, preparing clothing, tools, etc.
. These combined efforts result in better prepared for survival settlements while demanded even more
types of specializations.
Analyzing these facts, it can be noted that the need for survival (goal) created the organization and this
became the key virtue that allowed primitive peoples endure to complex societies of today.
Over the years, societies evolved. It is known that the first definition of management was developed in
5000 BC by the Sumerians who were also the first recorded civilization which did business operations for
commercial and government use.
Two thousand four hundred years later, the Egyptians were pioneers in regard to decentralization of
command and activities. Ancient Egypt was characterized as a civilization very well developed and the
administration applied efficiently in all areas of society.
We could find different kinds of military or state wrestlers, honey collectors and forest berries,
fishermen, teachers, scribes, etc. At the same time there was a national tax system charged by the
government to improve the countrys own facilities as in modern times.
They had a complex economy as a hierarchical bureaucracy, with maritime and fluvial external
communication, always operated from the heart of the central government.
The most prosperous dynasties of ancient Egypt correspond to IV, XI and XVIII whose coordination and
administration of services guaranteed by the economic effects the fair distribution of goods throughout
society. In 4000 -2000 BC, the Egyptians recognized the need for the administrative process and the
pyramids are evidence of the effectiveness of the process.
The first recognized organization concept was developed by the Hebrews around 1491 BC, where they
applied the principle of exception and departmentalization. Furthermore Nebuchadnezzar, king of the
Babylonian Empire, was the first to encourage their (primarily military and peasants) Subordinate salary.
ADMINISTRATION IN ANCIENT CHINA
In ancient China about 500 years before Christ, by contribution of philosophers and thinkers as a
concept recognized the need for systems and standards for the performance of tasks and functions.
Politicians and administrative like Micius or Mo-ti founded schools whose principles seemed more
philosophical studies and administrative principles that were initially in the administrative process of the
country. Further development of these early ideas turned out quite satisfactory and could be seen as an
achievement for solving everyday social problems.
Once you have read the rules and principles set out below will be noted that many of them are part of
the administrative action today.
Chow management rules:
1 - Organize the government rather than managing people. It is important to organize the government
internally before attempting to operate the state.
2 - Define the roles. Define the objectives clearly saves time and make productivity improvements.
3 - Cooperate. Only through cooperation they got excellent results.
4 - Processes efficiently. Only with good processes good results are achieved.
5 - Formality of human resources. Human beings are the fundamental tools of any organization, and
therefore it is important to discharge their duties with formality and correctness.
6 - Punishment. Here's how errors are corrected and avoided.
Confucius Rules:
1 - The rulers should study the problems to give its judgment and to find the best solution.
2 - Using professional ethics will attack the problems, always objectively and impartially.
3 - Given the economic problems, overcoming comes on the heels of the collective effort and
cooperation of citizens.
4 - That the brain of who governs doesnt stop working. The ruler must have a noble conduct and
nonprofit.