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Assumethat other instance variables of Customer class like customerName,
contactNos[] are present in the class diagram
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2009-2011, Infosys Limited.
Confi dential
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We can have a displayCustomerInformation() method for displaying customer details.
In which class will this
method be defined in
Customer class or
Regular/Privileged
classes?
If this method is placed in Customer class, it can access only the instance variables of
Customer class
If this method is placed in child classes, it cannot access the instance variables of Customer
class since all the instance variables of Customer class are private in nature
We need to know how to define the method in both the parent class and child class(es)
and invoke it based on the type of Customer
Retail Application Case Study
Retail Application Case Study Steps Forward
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The weaker access privilege concept would be discussed alongwithother
access specifier in Day 6
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Assume that the instance variables of Customer class are customerId,
customerName, contactNos[] and address
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Assume that the instance variables of Customer class are customerId,
customerName, contactNos[] and address
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Dynamic binding is also called as late binding or runtime polymorphism
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Q1.
BaseVariable:3
Derived variable: 2
CommonVar:2
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Q2. Compilation Error: a private variable of the super class cannot be
accessed directly in the sub class
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There is a compilation error-
.: cannot find symbol
symbol : constructor Base()
location: class Base
Der(int v){
^
1 error
This is because, in the Base class a parameterized constructor has been defined, but
when the object of derived class is made, there is no explicit invocation of the base
class constructor and hence the system tries to invoke the default constructor of
Base class which is not available.
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Q4.
Compilation Error: when a super class reference is pointing to a sub class
object, only the overridden methods of the sub class and the methods of the
super class can be accessed
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-Constructors cannot be abstract as they are used for construction of the
object and cannot be incomplete. They are also not overridden in the derived
classes
-static methods are not overridden and hence cannot be abstract
-private methods are available only to the class in whichit is defined , hence
cannot be overridden and hence cannot be abstract
-
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Composite Aggregation (or Composition) created and destroyed with the
containing object (e.g. house & walls)
It is represented using a filled diamond. The relationship between Purchase
and Customer is composition as the Customer ceases to exist if the
Purchase class is destroyed
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Q1.
Ans:
Compilation Error: abstract method is not overridden in the sub class and the
sub class is not abstract
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Q2.
Compilation error : Constructor cannot be made abstract
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Q3.
Compilation Error: private method cannot be made abstract
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Q4.
Parent Id:1000 Child Id:2000
Three .class files will be created. One for ParentClass, One for ChildClass and One
for Demo
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Q5.
display in Example1
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Q6.
Compilation error: abstract class cannot be instantiated
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Q7.
Compilation error: abstract method cannot have body
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Interface are syntactically like class. But it will not have instance variables
and all the method are abstract
Why?
Variables of an interface are public static final be default due to the following
reasons:
public: every class using the interface must be able to access the
variables of the interface
static: an object for an interface cannot be created, hence every
variable of the interface belongs to the interface itself
final: if variables are not maintained as final, it will not be possible to
identify its value at point of time since every class which is using the
interface can change its value
If final is used with an instance variable, the instance variable will be
considered as a CONSTANT
All the methods of an interface are public and abstract by default since the
implementation of the method will depend upon class which is using the
interface
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An interface represents a realization relationship.In UML a realization relationship
is one between two elements, in which one element say A realizes the methods
provided by the element B. The symbol used is
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An interface represents a realization relationship.In UML a realization relationship
is one between two elements, in which one element say A realizes the methods
provided by the element B. Here Tax interface is realized by the class Purchase as it
implements the method computeTax() declared in the interface Tax.
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Concrete methods are methods which have a definition.
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Q1.
a. True
b. True
c. True
d. False
e. True
f. False
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Q2.
Compilation Error: abstract method is not overridden in the sub class and the
sub class is not abstract
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Q3.
display in Example1
900
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Q4.
display in Example3
disp in Example3
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A package is a collection of related classes and interfaces. Packages are
containers for classes that are used to keep the class name space
compartmentalized.
The package declaration, if any, must be at the beginning of the source file.
You may precede it with white space and comments, but nothing else. Only
one package declaration is permitted and it governs the entire source file.
A java program can contain any of the following four parts.
A single package statement (optional)
Any number of import statements (optional)
Any number of classes and interfaces out of which only one
class can be public
The package statement defines a namespace in which classes are stored. It
is nothing but a directory, in which a class is defined. When the package
name is omitted, it is put into the default package, which has no name (i.e..
The current directory)
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Organize your classes into smaller units and make it easy to locate and use the
appropriate class file i.e., you can split up the classes logically.
Avoid naming conflicts Hierarchical approach to store files/classes.
Packages allow you to protect your classes, data and methods in a larger way than
on a class-to-class basis.
Package names can be used to identify your classes.
Some rules to follow while creating packages
In one .java file, there can be only one class declared public and that
becomes the name of the .java file
A package can however have several public classes spread across
multiple .java files
More than one class/interface can have the same name but it should
be in a different package
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Here, sqrt() method is a static method of Math class, hence can be
invoked using the class name.
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If no access specifiers are provided for a class, methods and variables in
Java , the default access specifier is considered
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The access level cannot be more restrictive than those given in parent
The access level can be less restrictive than that given in the parent
Overridden method cannot have a weaker access specifier as mentioned in Slide 60
of Day 4
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With the help of packages , the name clashes can be avoided . But
class names cannot be repeated in a package.
While using C language , the values of global variables can be
changed by any code/programmer in the same project. But in Java
this can be prevented by default access specifier. Only the class in
the same package can access the data member or the member
method
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Q1.
protected int num2
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Q2. Compilation Error : Inside a .java file, only one class can be made public
and if there is a starter class, then that class should be made public
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Q3. Compilation Error : Overridden method cannot have a weaker access
privilege
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Q4. Compilation Error : Overridden method cannot have a weaker access
privilege
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Q5.
Compilation error: attempting to assign weaker access privileges
The class diagram for the complete retail store application is shown above.
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