INDIAN SCHOOL OF PETROLEUM

CERTIFIED PETROLEUM MANAGER “UPSTREAM”

FOR

Cairn Energy India PTY Limited,

(3rd Trimester Assignment)

Subject: Health Safety & Environmental Challenges

Code: _____US/3/A_ __________________________

Date: ______20/12/08___________________

Participant Name: SANTOSH P MHATRE

Enrollment No. CPM-R-018

 ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS

Total Marks = 60

SECTION – A; COMPULSORY (1x10= 10)

Q.1 Complete the following sentences:

1. EIA is Environmental Impact Assessment

2. Vehicles moving inside the refinery should have Spark Arrestor

3. CPCB is Central Pollution Control Board

4. Cholera is caused by mainly (bacterium Vibrio cholerae) contaminated water or food

5. The standard limit for the particulate matter in the sensitive area is 100µg/m3

6. The name of the gas that was responsible for Bhopal disaster Methyl Isocynate (MIC) gas

7. 1% is equivalent to 10,000 ppm

8. ALARP is abbreviation of As Low As Reasonably Practicable

9. Ear muffs are used to get rid of high decibel noise pollution

10. The standard limit for the particulate matter in the industrial areas
is 360 µg/m3 Annual Average and 500 µg/m3 24 hourly/8 hourly values should be met 98% of the
time in a year. However, 2% of the time, it may exceed but not on two consecutive days
SECTION – B; ATTEMPT ANY THREE QUESTIONS (3x10= 30)

Q.2 What do you understand by the term “Permit to work system”.

Give various permits applicable in a petroleum installation.
Ans: The permit is an official record of safe working conditions agreed upon by the issuer and acceptor of
the permit for carrying out any maintenance, repair, inspection or modification work.
With the permit, comes awareness of safety in general, safety rules, dos and don'ts etc. Some guidelines on
selecting a safety work permit system are described below.
All maintenance work, working at heights and excavation works is to be covered by a work permit system.
The objectives are:
• To ensure proper authorisation of non-routine work such as hot work in hazardous area like the
chemical plant, storages, vessel entry excavation, working at heights etc.
• To make clear to persons carrying out the job the risk involved and precautions to be taken.
• To ensure that the person responsible for the area is aware of all work being done there.
• To provide a record showing that the method of working and the precautions needed have been
checked by the appropriate persons and if necessary a second opinion is obtained to prevent errors of
judgment or adopting short cuts which may increase the risk.
• The same work permit form could be used for company employees doing the work or for the
engaged contractors. The contractor should inform his employees of the work permit procedure and
ensure that they are followed.
• A work safety permit is intended primarily to safeguard people and property, but it also may be
needed as evidence in case of claims against the company or their legal actions.

A work permit is generally issued by an operating supervisor called issue of the permit to the maintenance
supervisor a contractor, called the acceptor of the permit after ensuring all the necessary precautions.

Various permits applicable in a petroleum installation are listed below:

• Cold Work Permit

• Hot Work Permit
• Confined Space Entry/Work Permit
• Excavation Permit
• Permit to Work on Electrical Equipment
• Electrical Isolation/Restoration Permit
• Permit for Closure of Roads
• Permit for using a Radioactive Source
• Permit for Working Over/Under Water
• Vehicle/Crane Entry Permit
• Permit for .Photography
• Permit for Isolation of Fire Water System
• Mine/Rock Blasting Operations
Q.3. What are safety related procedures and safety related rules?

Ans: Safety Procedures are all relevant operating procedures pertaining to an activity relevant to a
particular installation which are identified and documented clearly in simple language so that
everybody working in the installation understands these.

Some of the Safety Related Procedures are:

• Basic safety rules for employees, contractors and visitors
• Safe work permit system
• Mechanical isolation
• Pre-start up safety review
• Entering and working in confined spaces
• Working at height
• Safe scaffolding and ladders
• Safe evacuation
• Safe handling of hazardous substances
• Safe handling of hydrogen sulfide, chlorine, ammonia etc.
• Safe uses of hoses
• Contactor safety
• Ionization radiation safety
• Traffic safety inside and outside the installation
• safe use of cranes, hoists and other mechanical devices
• Safety in manual handling of material
• Accident/ incident reporting and investigation
• Selection and safe use of personnel protective equipment
• Safe transportation of hazardous materials by road, water and rail
• Management of plant changes and procedures

Basic Safety Rules

Because of inherent hazards in a petroleum installation, it is absolutely necessary that all employees,
contractors, visitors, vendors and other third parties must be fully aware of some basic safety requirements
to be followed inside the 'A installation.
Management should document these basic rules/., requirements and anybody entering the premises must be
made familiar with the same.
This document should address following items related to the health, safety and environment aspects of the
installation:
• Access/entry to the premises
• Restriction on naked lights, sparks, use of cameras
• Prohibition of smoking, alcohol and drugs
• Traffic control
• Use of Personnel Protective Equipment, PPE
• Safe Work Permit System
• Accident/Incident reporting
• Maintaining good house keeping standard
• Basic colour codes of piping/equipment, etc.
• Safety signage's
• Electrical safety
• Hazards of flammable products and chemicals
• Emergency alarms and communication and what to do in such situations
 • Some general dos and don'ts
• Other specific rules

Basic Safety Rules for Employees, Contractors and Visitors

• Safe Work Permit System
• Mechanical Isolation
• Pre Start-up Safety Review
• Entering and Working in Confined Spaces
• Working at Height
• Safe Scaffolding and Ladders
• Safe Excavation
• Safe Handling of Hazardous Substances
• Safe Handling of Hydrogen Sulfide, Chlorine, Ammonia, etc.
• Safe Use of Hoses
• Contractor Safety
• Ionization Radiation Safety
• Traffic Safety Inside and Outside the Installation
• Safe Use of Cranes, Hoists and other Mechanical Devices
• Safety in Manual Handling of Material
• Accident /Incident Reporting and Investigation
• Selection and Safe Use of Personal Protective Equipment, PPE
• Health, Safety and Environmental (HSE) Challenges

Basic Rules for Visitors

As a bare minimum requirement, every visitor to the premises must be given a safety briefing before giving
him an entry pass.
As an illustration, a safety briefing developed by petroleum refinery is given below.
Every installation should make a similar briefing relevant to its operations and local conditions.
• Access /Entry to the Premises
• Visitors should report to security gate for entry pass
• Every person must. display a valid identification badge issued by the security
• Visitor should visit the designated area only for which he has obtained the entry pass
• He should be accompanied by a company employee
• It is forbidden to take children inside the premises
• The entire factory is a tobacco free zone
• Tobacco in any form-cigarettes, biddies, gutka, etc. , is prohibited
• Use of alcohol and drugs is prohibited
Q.4 Elaborate the importance of risk assessment .Describe in detail various components of risk
assessment.

Ans: Risk involves determining what risks the organization faces and determining the relative importance of
these risks.Risk management is a structured approach to managing uncertainty related to a threat, a
sequence of human activities including: risk assessment, strategies development to manage it, and
mitigation of risk using managerial resources.
The strategies include transferring the risk to another party, avoiding the risk, reducing the negative effect of
the risk, and accepting some or all of the consequences of a particular risk.
A risk assessment need not be complex. It is usually a straightforward but conscientious study of anything in
the work environment that might hurt someone. Once the assessment is finished, managers review the
identified risks and decide the appropriate action to prevent accidents and injuries. The final task is
then to create and act upon a risk assessment plan. The objective of risk management is to reduce
different risks related to a preselected domain to the level accepted by society. It may refer to
numerous types of threats caused by environment, technology, humans, organizations and politics.
All of this is a legal requirement. An employer is obliged to keep workers and the public safe as far as
"reasonably practicable", although the law does not demand the eradication of all possibility of risk.

Definitions
There are two key definitions to risk assessment work.

Hazard
A hazard is an actual or potential danger or risk. In other words, it is an item (such as a toxic chemical) or a
process (roofing a building, for instance) that may lead to an accident.
Risk
A risk is a situation that involves an exposure to a hazard and carries the possibility that something
unpleasant may occur. The risk of injury may be low or high, and the result of the harm may be slight or
grave.

The five steps

There are five steps, endorsed by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) that demonstrate the basics of risk
assessment for the majority of organizations.
1. Identify the hazards.
Consider how people may be injured in the workplace. Be pro-active and examine the potential hazards,
whether they are short or long-term. Also ask for the views of employees and their representatives, and
read the accident book and the sick records for anything related to a work-based danger.

2. Establish who might be harmed and how.

Before managing a risk, discover the affected groups, and determine the ways in which they might suffer
injury. For example, the company's data input team might have problems with eye strain from staring at
computer monitors all day.

3. Evaluate the risks; decide on precautions.

At this stage, it is acceptable to work to a standard that is "reasonably practicable". To make the task
easier, however, find out what the industry regards as good practice. By comparing a workplace to good
practice benchmarks, it becomes easier to match precautions to risks.

4. Record and implement findings.

Write down the results of risk assessments and communicate these to staff. Employees are then more
likely to understand and support any necessary changes.
5. Review the assessment and update.
Ideally, review risk assessments annually. Also consider revising an assessment whenever there is a
significant change to any potentially hazardous procedures.

There are five basic ways of Risk assessment:

• Objectives-based risk identification: Organizations and project teams have objectives. Any event
that may endanger achieving an objective partly or completely is identified as risk.
• Scenario-based risk identification: In scenario analysis different scenarios are created. The
scenarios may be the alternative ways to achieve an objective, or an analysis of the interaction of
forces in, for example, a market or battle. Any event that triggers an undesired scenario alternative is
identified as risk - see Futures Studies for methodology used by Futurists.
• Taxonomy-based risk identification: The taxonomy in taxonomy-based risk identification is a
breakdown of possible risk sources. Based on the taxonomy and knowledge of best practices, a
questionnaire is compiled. The answers to the questions reveal risks.
• Common-risk Checking: In several industries lists with known risks are available. Each risk in the
list can be checked for application to a particular situation.
• Risk Charting: This method combines the above approaches by listing Resources at risk, Threats to
those resources Modifying Factors which may increase or decrease the risk and Consequences it is
wished to avoid. Creating a matrix under these headings enables a variety of approaches. One can
begin with resources and consider the threats they are exposed to and the consequences of each.
Alternatively one can start with the threats and examine which resources they would affect, or one
can begin with the consequences and determine which combination of threats and resources would
be involved to bring them about.
Q.5 What are the limitations of regulatory agencies? How can you make safety issues effective in
your mill?

Limitations of Regulatory Agencies

Most of the regulatory agencies lay down rules and regulations, which are the minimum basic requirements
for the safe design and operation of an installation.
Sound and safe engineering practices are equally important but are not adequately addressed in their
requirements.
The statutory and law enforcing agencies are generally slow in updating their rules and requirements to keep
pace with the technological and social changes.
Further, many regulatory agencies do not have adequate infrastructure and manpower to exercise
superintendence and control of industrial safety performance on a continuous basis.
For example, number of safety inspectors, boiler inspectors and environmental specialist are far less than
that would Be required to undertake meaningful inspection visits to a large number of installations under
their jurisdiction.
Further the back rod and training that many factory workers have, their visits to factories are restricted to
checking basic amenities like
• first aid facilities,
• guards for the machines,
• personal protective equipment,
• potable water and canteen facilities etc.

They probably don’t have right training and aptitude for identifying the many process hazards which are not
so obvious.

Safety issues in our organization can be addressed and made effective in following ways:
• All employees should have the opportunity to participate
• Representation by all departments, locations, operations, divisions, - Include Office staff
• Membership should be 5 to 15 (5 to 7 is optimal)
• Designee plus alternate
• Membership should be on a volunteer basis
• Rotate members
• Assign specific responsibilities to chairperson, secretary, and members.
• Improve Internal Communication
• Causes more effective deployment of resources
• Forward recommendations to appropriate management
• personnel
• Prepare periodic loss analysis reports / Large loss report
• Follow-up to past recommendations and report status
• Conduct meeting in orderly fashion
• Set a positive example for safe performance
• Conduct inspections according to schedule
• Participate in accident investigation and review
• Report unsafe acts or conditions
• Assign Tasks
– Expect Completion
• Establish effective problem solving methods
– How do they make recommendations?
– Who do they issue them to?
– Management needs to respond immediately, even
• Safety Promotion
 – Awareness
- Posters
- Envelope stuffers
- Contests
- Get everyone involved
- Make it fun
• Program Development
– Review policy and procedures
– Participate in Accident Investigations reviews.
• Committee should sign off on all accident investigations
• Accident Prevention
• Target the key areas
– Ergonomics
– Training
– JSA’s
SECTION – C; COMPULSORY (1x20= 20)

Q.6 You are supposed to award some work to outside contractor. What will be your criteria to
award that work being a Manager- HSE?

Ans: One of the most important strategic contract management decisions to be made by the company is on
the way in which the contractor, or alliance of contractors, is held responsible for the management of HSE. I
would personally as a HSE Manager award the contractor based on two distinctly models as described
below:
Model-1: The contractor provides people and tools for the execution of work under the supervision,
instructions and HSE-MS of the company. The contractor has a management system to provide
assurance that the personnel for whom he is responsible are qualified and healthy for the job and
that the tools and machinery he is providing are properly maintained and suitable for the job.

Model-2: The contractor executes all aspects of the job under its own HSE management System, provides
the necessary instructions and supervision and verifies the proper functioning of its HSE
Management System. The company is responsible for verifying the overall effectiveness of the
HSE management controls put in place by the contractor, and assuring that both the company’s
and the contractor’s HSE-MS are appropriately compatible.
Selection of one of these models is preferred. However in certain situations it may be necessary to adopt a
mixture of the two models.

Screening
The screening process should be designed to assure that the contractors invited to bid can perform the work
to the required HSE criteria.
The general approach would be to send a uniform questionnaire (detailed below) to all potential
contractors, initial assess their HSE capabilities based on the questionnaire using an equitable measuring
system and supplementing this with site inspections of current contract work sites.
Contractors which have been used by the company previously can be assessed through the use of close out
reports and other historical records. A review of any potential changes to the contractor’s organization,
programmes and systems should also be conducted.
During pre-qualification of large contractors, especially those with many divisions in numerous countries,
the use of the record of the Corporation may not be appropriate. In such case, the focus should be on the
division for the work. HSE requirements should be met before work commences.

Bid Documentation of the Company

The selection criteria used would consider significant aspects such as

a. Costs.
b. Technical ability.
c. Reputation, and the ability to meet schedules.
d. Capability to manage HSE should be available for various phases of the project.
e. The overall risk of contract and HSE management should be given appropriate weighting along
with other considerations when selection criteria are evaluated.

Contractor Compliance criteria:

The roles and functions of the company contractor holder include assurance of:
1. The contractor’s line management commitment to HSE issues.
2. Compliance with all HSE related clauses in the contract and the HSE plan.
3. The existence of contractor’s internal HSE control system.
 4. The contractor’s monitoring of the quality, condition and integrity of his plan, equipment and tools.
5. The contractor’s holding the toolbox, PPE compliance audit, safe procedures and HSE meetings.
6. Contractor’s implementation and participation in emergency exercises and drills.
7. Proper management of HSE risks which rise from changes to the plan.
8. Compliance with incident and near-miss reporting, investigation and follow-up.
9. The resolution of interface problems between contractors.
10. Competence and close monitoring of the replacement of personnel.
11. Provision of necessary induction courses.
12. Training of contractor personnel in job related activities and procedures.
13. Completion of all agreed upon HSE training, including any specified statutory training requirements.
14. Availability of HSE documents, instructions and information leaflets with specific attention to use of
local language with simple visual measures.

Questionnaire for contractor HSE pre-qualification:

Section-1: Leadership and Commitment

1. Commitment to HSE through leadership
a. How are senior managers personnaly involved in HSE management?
b. Provide evidence of commitment at all levels of the organization?
c. How do you promote a positive culture towards HSE matters?

Section-2: Policy and strategic Objectives

1. HSE policy documents
a. Does your company have any HSE policy documents? If the ans is YES please attach a copy.
b. Who has overall and final responsibility for HSE in your organization?
c. Who is the senior person in the organization responsible for this policy being carried
out at the premises.
2. Availability of policy statements to employees
a. Itemize the methods by which you have drawn policy statements to the ettention of all your
employees.
b. What are your arrangements for advising employees of changes in the policy?

Section-3: Organisation, responsibilities, Resources, Standards and Documnetation

1. Organisation – Commitment and Communication
a. How is management involved in HSE activities, objectives-setting and monitoring?
b. How is your company structured to manage and communicate HSE effectively?
c. What provisions does your company make for HSE communication meetings?
2. Competence and training of managers/supervisors/senior staff/HSE advisors
a. Have the managers and supervisors at all levels who will plan, monitor, oversee and
carry out work received formal HSE training in their responsibilities with respect to
conducting work to HSE requirements? If yes give details.
3. Competence and General HSE training
a. What arrangements does your company have to ensure new employees have
knowledge or basic industrial HSE and to keep this knowledge up to date?
b. What arrangements does your company have to ensure new employees have
knowledge of your HSE policies and practices?
c. What arrangements does your company have to ensure new employees have been
instructed and have received information on any specific hazards arising out of nature of
activities? What training do your provide to ensure that all employees are aware of company
requirements?
d. What arrangements does your company have to ensure existing staff HSE knowledge
is up to date?
4. Specialized training
a. How have you identified areas of your company’s operations where specialized
training is required to deal with potential hazards?
5. HSE qualified staff – additional training
a. Does your company employ any staff who possess HSE qualifications that aim to
provide training in more than the basic requirements?
6. Assessment of suitability of subcontractors/other companies
a. How do you asses – HSE competence, HSE records of the subcontractor?
b. Where do you spell out the standards you require your contractors to meet?
c. How do you ensure these standards are met and verified?
7. Standards
a. Where do you spell out the HSE performance standards you require to be met?
b. How do you ensure these are met and verified?
c. How do you identify new industry or regulatory standards that may be applicable to
your activities?
d. Is there overall structure for producing, updating and disseminating standards?

Section-4: Hazards and Effects Management

1. Hazards and effects assessment
a. What techniques are used within your company for the identification, assessment,
control and mitigation of hazards and effects?
2. Exposure of the workforce
a. What systems are in place to monitor the exposure of your workforce to chemical or
physical agents?
3. Personal protective equipments
a. What arrangements does your company have for provision and upkeep of PPE and
clothing?

4. Waste Management
a. What systems are in place for identification, classification, minimization and
management of waste?
5. Drugs and Alcohol
a. Do you have a drugs and alcohol policy in your organization? If yes does it include
pre-employment and random testing?

Section-5: Planning and Procedures

1. HSE or Operations Manuals
a. Do you have a company HSE manual which provides the details of work procedures?
b. How do you ensure the work practices are followed?
2. Equipment control and maintenance
a. How do you ensure that plant and equipment used within your premises, on-site or at other
locations by your employees are correctly registered, controlled and maintained in a safe
working condition?
3. Road Safety Management
a. What arrangements does your company have for combating road and vehicle accidents?

Section-6: Implementation and Performance Monitoring

Management and performance monitoring of work activities
a. What arrangements does your company have for supervision and monitoring of
performance?
b. What type of performance criteria are used in your company?
HSE performance achievement awards
 a. Has your company received any award for HSE performance achievement?
Statutory notifiable incidents/dangerous occurances
a. Has your company suffered any notifiable incidents in the last five years?
HSE performance records
a. Have you maintained records of your incidents and HSE performance for the last five years?
b. How is health performance recorded?
c. How is environmental performance recorded?
d. How often is HSE performance reviewed? By Whom?
Incident investigation and reporting
a. Who conducts incident investigation?
b. How are findings communicated across the organization?
c. Are near miss safety learnings reported?

Section-7: Auditing and Review

1. Auditing
a. Do you have a written policy on HSE auditing?
b. How does this policy specify the standards for auditing and the qualifications for
auditors?
c. Do your company HSE plans include schedules forauditing and what range of
auditing is covered?
d. How is the effectiveness of auditing verified and how does management report and
follow up audits?

Section-8: HSE Management – Additional Features

1. Memberships ofAssociations
a. Describe the nature and extent of your company’s participation in relevant industry,
trade and governmental organisations?
2. Additional features of your HSE management
a. Does your company have any other HSE features not described elsewhere in this
questionnaire?