Pakistan Army

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Pakistan Army

Emblem
Founded 14 August 1947
Country Pakistan
Type Army
Size 550,000 active troops
500,000 reserves
Headquarter GHQ, Rawalpindi
Motto Arabic:Iman, Taqwa, Jihad fi
Sabilillah
A follower of none but Allah,
The fear of Allah, Jihad for
Allah.
Colors Green and White

Anniversaries Defence Day: September 6
Engagements 1947 Indo-Pakistan War
1965 Indo-Pakistan War
1971 Bangladesh Liberation
War
1971 Indo-Pakistan War
Grand Mosque Seizure
Soviet-Afghan War
Siachen conflict
Kargil War
Global War on Terror
Siege of Lal Masjid
War in North-West Pakistan
Balochistan conflict
Website Official Website
Commanders
Chief of Army
Staff
General Raheel Sharif
Insignia
Flag of the
Pakistani Army

Aircraft flown
Attack Bell AH-1 Cobra
Helicopter Bell 412, Bell 407, Bell
206, Bell UH-1 Huey
Transport Mil Mi-8/17, Arospatiale
Alouette III, Bell 412
The Pakistan Army (Urdu: Pak Fauj (IPA: Pk f~d);Reporting name: PA) is the land-
based uniform service branch of the Pakistan Armed Forces. The Pakistan Army came into
existence after the independence of Pakistan in 1947. The Pakistan Army is a volunteer professional
fighting force.
[1]
According to the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) it has an active
force of 725,000 personnel as of April 2013. In addition there were around 550,000 reserves bringing
the total to 1,275,000 troops.
[2]
The Constitution of Pakistan contains a provision for conscription, but
it has never been imposed.
The primary mandate and mission of the army is "dedicated to the service of the nation."
[3]
Since
establishment in 1947, the Army (along with its interservices: Navy, Marines and PAF) has been
involved in three wars with neighbouring India and several borderskirmishes with
Afghanistan.
[4]
Since 1947 it has maintained strong presence along with its inter-services in the Arab
states during the past Arab-Israeli Wars, and aided the coalition in the first Gulf War. Recently, major
joint-operations undertaken by the Army includeOperation Black Thunderstorm and Operation Rah-
e-Nijat. Apart from conflicts, the army has been an active participant in UNmissions and played a
major role in rescuing trapped American soldiers from Mogadishu of Somalia in 1993 in Operation
Gothic Serpent.
Under the Article 243, the Constitution of Pakistan appoints the President of Pakistan as the civilian
Commander-in-Chief. The Chief of Army Staff (COAS), by statute a four-star general, is appointed
by the President with the consultation and confirmation needed from the Prime Minister of
Pakistan.
[5]
Pakistan Army is currently commanded by General Raheel Sharif.
[6][7]

Contents
[hide]
1 Mission
2 History
o 2.1 19471958
o 2.2 19581969
o 2.3 19691971
o 2.4 19711977
o 2.5 19771999
o 2.6 1999present
3 UN Peacekeeping Missions
4 Organization
o 4.1 Command structure
o 4.2 Commissioned officers rank
o 4.3 Subdivision by profession
o 4.4 Operational commands
o 4.5 Corps
o 4.6 Other field formations
o 4.7 Regiments
o 4.8 Special forces
5 Combat doctrine
6 Involvement in Pakistani society
7 Personnel
o 7.1 Personnel training
7.1.1 Enlisted ranks
7.1.2 Officer ranks
7.1.2.1 Academic institutions
7.1.2.2 Science and technology
o 7.2 Uniforms
o 7.3 Ethnic composition
o 7.4 Women and non-Muslim Pakistanis
o 7.5 Recipients of Nishan-e-Haider
o 7.6 Recipients of foreign awards
8 Equipment
9 Arms
10 Armour
11 Artillery inventory
12 Aircraft inventory
13 Anti-tank missiles
14 Air defence systems
15 Sports
16 References
17 External links
Mission[edit]
Pakistan Army serves as the land-based branch of the Pakistan Military. Chapter 2 of PART XII of
Pakistani Constitution defines the purpose of the Army as:
[8]


The Armed Forces shall, under the directions of the Federal Government, defend Pakistan against
external aggression or threat of war, and, subject to law, act in aid of civil power when called
upon to do so.
[9]


History[edit]
See also: Military history of Pakistan
19471958[edit]


General Ayub Khan arriving to take command of the Pakistan Army in 1951
The Pakistan Army was created on 30 June 1947 from the division of the British Indian Army. The
then soon to be created Dominion of Pakistan received six armoured, eight artillery and
eight infantry regiments compared to the 12 armoured, forty artillery and twenty one infantry
regiments that went to India. Fearing that India would take over the state of Kashmir, irregulars,
scouts and tribal groups entered the Muslim majority state of Kashmir to oppose theMaharaja of
Kashmir 1947. In response to this, the Maharaja acceded to India. The Indian Armed Forces were
then deployed to Kashmir. This led to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. Regular Army units joined the
invasion later on but were stopped after the refusal of the Chief of Army Staff, British officer General
Sir Frank Messervy, to obey Pakistani leader Muhammed Ali Jinnah's orders to move the army into
Kashmir. A ceasefire followed on UN intervention with Pakistan occupying the northwestern part
of Kashmir and India occupying the rest. Later, during the 1950s, the Pakistan Army received large
amounts of economic and military aid from the United States and Great Britain after signing two
mutual defence treaties, the Baghdad Pact, which led to the formation of the Central Treaty
Organization, and the South East Asian Treaty Organization (SEATO) in 1954. This aid greatly
expanded the Pakistan Army from its modest beginnings.
The sole division headquarters that went to Pakistan was the 7th. 8th and 9th Divisions were raised
in 1947; 10, 12thand 14 Divisions were raised in 1948. 15 Div was raised in 1950. At some point
before 1954, 6 Division was raised and 9 Division disbanded. 6 Division was disbanded at some
point after 1954 as US assistance was available only for one armoured and six infantry divisions.
19581969[edit]
Main article: Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
Pakistan Army took over from politicians for the first time when General Ayub Khan came to power
through a bloodless coup in 1958. He formed Convention Muslim League which includes Pakistan's
first elected Prime Minister Z.A. Bhutto. Tensions with India continued in the 1960s and a brief
border skirmish was fought near the Rann of Kutch area during April 1965.Pakistani army attacked
India from the kashmir fornt. In response on the night of 6 September 1965 Indian Armyopened the
war front to Punjab Province of Pakistan, Indian army reached near Pakistani city Lahore, eventually
capturing a large area of Pakistan but a treaty was reached and the area was given back. The war
ended with UN backed ceasefire and followed by Tashkent Declaration. According to the Library of
Congress Country Studies conducted by the Federal Research Division of the United States, the war
was inconclusive militarily.
[10]
The war was militarily inconclusive; each side held prisoners and some
territory belonging to the other.
The Pakistan Army considers itself to have achieved a victory because it simply insists and ignores
the treaty of Tashkent by saying it was arranged by USSR, who managed to hold off significantly
larger force attacking Pakistani territory at different points, which the PA did not expect and was not
prepared or equipped for. Indian sources as well as neutral sources disagree and call the end result
an Indian victory. All though Pakistan failed in gaining all of Kashmir, highly effective support from
the Pakistan Air Force, which was unexpected, is often considered to have neutralised India's
advantage in quantity of forces. The accurate artillery fire provided by the PA artillery units is also
stated to have played a significant role.
An uprising against General Ayub Khan during 1968 and 1969 resulted in Ayub Khan relinquishing
his office as President and Chief of Army Staff in favour of General Yahya Khan, who assumed
power in 1969. 16 Division, 18 Division and 23 Division were raised at some point between 1966 and
1969 and 9 Division was re-raised during this period.
19691971[edit]
Main articles: 1971 Bangladesh atrocities, Operation Searchlight and Bangladesh Liberation War
During the rule of Yahya Khan, the people of East Pakistan protested against various political and
economic disparities that had been imposed on them by West Pakistan and massive civil unrest
broke out in East Pakistan. During operations against these rebels, called Operation Searchlight, a
faction of the Pakistan Army under General Yahya Khan was responsible for the 1971 Bangladesh
atrocities.
[11]
Beginning with the start of Operation Searchlight on 25 March 1971 and due to
the Bangladesh Liberation War, there were numerous human rights abuses in East
Pakistan(now Bangladesh) perpetrated by the Pakistan Army, with support from local political and
religious militias, especially against Hindus.
[12][13]
Time reported a high ranking US official as saying
"It is the most incredible, calculated thing since the days of the Nazis in Poland."
[14]

The original plan envisioned taking control of the major cities on 26 March 1971, and then
eliminating all opposition, political or military,
[15]
within one month. The prolonged Bengali resistance
was not anticipated by Pakistani planners.
[16]
The main phase of Operation Searchlight ended with
the fall of the last major town in Bengali hands in the mid of May.
Soon heavy fighting broke out between Pakistani Army and Indian-backed Bengali freedom fighters,
in this period the Pakistan Army killed estimated 3 million Bengali people. In December 1971.
Pakistan attacked India's western air based that started the Pakistan India War of 1971 (also called
the Bangladesh Liberation War). In eastern theatre Pakistan Army was decimated by Indian Army
and Bengali freedom fighters while in west front Pakistan Army was defeated in battles of Basanter
and Longewalla.
On 16 December 1971, Lt. Gen A. A. K. Niazi, CO of Pakistan Army forces located in East Pakistan
signed the Instrument of Surrender. Over 93,000 Pakistani troops surrendered to the Indian forces,
making it the largest surrender since World War II.
In 1997 R. J. Rummel published a book, available on the web, called "Statistics of Democide:
Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1900", In Chapter 8 called "Statistics Of Pakistan's Democide
Estimates, Calculations, And Sources" he looks at the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War. Rummel
wrote:
In East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) [the President of Pakistan,
General Agha Mohammed Yahya Khan, and his top generals]
also planned to murder its Bengali intellectual, cultural, and
political elite. They also planned to indiscriminately murder
hundreds of thousands of its Hindus and drive the rest into
India. And they planned to destroy its economic base to insure
that it would be subordinate to West Pakistan for at least a
generation to come. This plan may be perceived as genocide.
[17]

According to Maj. (Retd.) Agha Humayun Amin, Pakistan Army high
command commanders had not seriously considered an Indian
invasion of East Pakistan until December 1971 because it was
presumed that the Indian military would not risk Chinese or US
intervention. Maj Mazhar states that the PA's senior command failed
to realise that the Chinese would be unable to intervene during the
winter months of November to December 1971 period due to
snowbound Himalayan passes and the US had not made any real
effort to persuade India against attacking East Pakistan.
[18]

19711977[edit]
A Pakistan International Airlines flight was sent to fetch Zulfikar Ali
Bhutto from New York, who at that time was presenting Pakistan's
case before the United Nations Security Council on the East
Pakistan Crises. Bhutto returned home on 18 December 1971. On
20 December, he was taken to the President House in Rawalpindi
where he took over two positions from Yahya Khan, one as
President and the other as Chief Martial Law Administrator. Thus he
was the first civilian Chief Martial Law Administrator of the Pakistan.
19771999[edit]


Two AH-1S Cobra attack helicopters of the Pakistan Army Aviation Wing at
AVN Base, Multan. These were sold to Pakistan by the US during
the Soviet-Afghan war to help defend Pakistan against a possible attack by
the Soviets.
In 1977 a coup was staged by General Zia ul-Haq and the
government was overthrown. This led to the hanging of Zulfikar Ali
Bhutto after he was tried and proclaimed guilty of conspiracy of
murdering a politician named Kasuri by Zia's handpicked judges.
Zia reneged on his promise of holding elections within 90 days and
ruled as a military dictator until his death in an air crash in 1988.
General Mohammad Iqbal Khan served as a joint chief from 1980 to
1984 and was the Chief Martial Law Officer during that time.
In the mid-1970s the Pakistan Army was involved in fighting an
uprising in Balochistan. Various Balochi factions, some with the
oblique support of the USSR, wanted independence or at least
greater provincial rights. The rebellion was put down on the behest
of the Bhutto government but the Army suffered heavy casualties.
After Bhutto was deposed, the province returned to normalcy under
General Rahimuddin.
In the 1980s, Pakistani Armed Forces co-operated with the United
States to provide arms, ammunition and intelligence assistance to
Afghanistani freedom fighters who were fighting the Soviet invasion
of Afghanistan.
During the 1st Gulf War Pakistan Army contributed troops for the
defence of Saudi Arabia against possible Iraqi retaliation. The 153
SP Air Defence Regiment deployed in Tabuk scored multiple hits on
number of Iraqi Scuds and provided round the clock air defence
protection to Saudi troops in the area.
1999present[edit]


A Pakistan army soldier Keeping watch at Baine Baba Ziarat in Swat


Pakistani forces after victory in Operation Black Thunderstorm.
In October 1999, after the KargilConflict ended with the
unconditional withdrawal of the Pakistani forces from the Indian
controlled peaks, the Pakistan Army overthrew a democratically
elected government for the fourth time, resulting in additional
sanctions being applied against Pakistan, leading to
General Pervez Musharraf coming to power in abloodless coup.
However, this time Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif sacked Musharraf
when he was on his way to Pakistan from Colombo. He dismissed
the Army Chief and appointed General Ziauddin Butt as Army Chief
when Musarraf's plane was in the air. That was not enough, the
plane was not allowed to land at the Karachi Airport and barricades
were erected on the runway. The corps commanders acted swiftly
across Pakistan, particularly in Karachi and Islamabad. Brigadiar
Muzaffar Usmani took control of Karachi Airport and arrested the
Inspector General of Sindh Police, Rana Maqbool Ahmed.
Musharraf stepped down as President in August 2008. On 30 July
2009, the Pakistan Supreme Court ruled that Musharraf's imposition
of Emergency Rule in 2007 was unconstitutional.
[19]

After the September 11 attacks in the United States, Pakistan joined
the US-led War on Terror and helped the United States armed
forces by severing ties with the Taliban and immediately deploying
72,000 troops along Pakistan's western border to capture or kill
Taliban and al-Qaida militants fleeing from Afghanistan. On the
north western front, Pakistan initially garrisoned its troops in military
bases and forts in the tribal areas. In May 2004 clashes erupted
between the Pakistani troops and al-Qaeda's and other militants
joined by local rebels and pro-Taliban forces. However, the
offensive was poorly coordinated and the Pakistan Army suffered
heavy casualties, while public support for the attack quickly
evaporated. After a two-year conflict from 2004 until 2006, the
Pakistani military negotiated a ceasefire with the tribesmen from the
region in which they pledged to hunt down al-Qaeda members, stop
theTalibanisation of the region and stop attacks in Afghanistan and
Pakistan. However, the militants did not hold up their end of the
bargain and began to regroup and rebuild their strength from the
previous two years of conflict.
Militants took over the Lal Masjid in Islamabad. After a six-month
standoff fighting erupted again in July 2007 when the Pakistani
military decided to use force to end the Lal Masjid threat. Once the
operation ended, the newly formed Pakistani Taliban, an umbrella
group of all militants based in FATA, vowed revenge and launched
a wave of attacks and suicide bombings which erupted all over
North-West Pakistan and major Pakistani cities, including Karachi,
throughout 2007.
The militants then expanded their base of operations and moved
into the neighbouring Swat Valley, where they imposed Sharia law.
The Pakistan Army launched an offensive to re-take the Swat Valley
in 2007, but was unable to clear it of the militants who had fled into
the mountains and waited for them to leave before taking over the
valley again. The militants then launched another wave of terrorist
attacks inside Pakistan. The Pakistani government and military tried
another peace deal with the militants in Swat Valley in 2008. This
was roundly criticised in the West as abdicating to the militants.
After initially pledging to lay down their arms if Sharia Law was
implemented, the Pakistani Taliban subsequently used the Swat
Valley as a springboard to launch further attacks into neighbouring
regions, reaching to within 60 kilometres (37 mi) of Islamabad.
Public opinion then turned decisively against the Taliban terrorists.
This opinion was highlighted following the release of a video
showing the flogging of a girl by the Pakistani Taliban in Swat
Valley. Similar events and terrorist attacks finally forced the
Pakistan Army to launch a decisive attack against the Taliban
occupying Swat Valley in April 2009, after having received orders
from the political leadership.
[20]
After heavy fighting the Swat Valley
was largely pacified by July 2009, although isolated pockets of
Taliban remained in the area.
The next phase of Pakistan Army's offensive was the formidable
Waziristan region. A US drone attack killed the leader of the
Taliban, Baitullah Mehsud, in August. A power struggle engulfed the
Taliban during September, but by October a new leader had
emerged, Hakimullah Mehsud. Under his leadership, the Taliban
launched another wave of terrorist attacks throughout Pakistan,
killing hundreds of people. After a few weeks of air strikes, artillery
and mortar attacks, 30,000 troops moved on South Waziristan, in a
three pronged attack. The Pakistan Army re-took South Waziristan
and is currently thinking of expanding the campaign to North
Waziristan.
On April 2012 an avalanche struck the 6th Northern Light Infantry
Battalion headquarters in Ghyari sector of Siachen, entrapping 135
soldiers.
[21]

UN Peacekeeping Missions[edit]
In the wake of the new world power equilibrium a more complex
security environment has emerged. It is characterised by growing
national power politics and state implosions which have
necessitated involvement of the United Nations peace keeping
forces for conflict resolution.
The United Nations has been undertaking peace keeping
operations since its inception, but the need for employment of
peace keeping forces has increased significantly since the Gulf
War. In 1992 there were 11,000 Blue Berets deployed around the
world, by the end of the year the figure rose to 52,000. Presently it
exceeds 80,000 troops.
UN Operation in Congo (ONUC) 19601964
UN Security Force in New Guinea, West Irian (UNSF)
19621963
UN Yemen Observer Mission Yemen (UNYOM) 1963
1964
UN Transition Assistance Group in Namibia (UNTAG)
19891990
UN IraqKuwait Observer Mission (UNIKOM) 1991
2003
UN Mission in Haiti (UNMIH) 19931996
UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC)
19921993
UN Operations in Somalia (UNOSOM) 19921995
UN Protection Forces in Bosnia (UNPROFOR) 19921995
UN Observer Mission for Rawanda (UNAMIR) 19931996
UN Verification Mission in Angola (UNAVEM III) 19951997
UN Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia(UNTAES)
19961997
UN Mission of Observers in Prevlaka (UNMOP) 19962002
UN Assistance Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL) 20012005
UN Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET) 1999-
to-date
The table below shows the current deployment of Pakistani Forces
in UN Peacekeeping missions.
Start of
operation
Name of Operation Location Conflict Contribution
1999
United Nations Organization
Stabilization Mission in the
Democratic Republic of the
Congo (MONUSCO)

Democratic
Republic of
Congo
Second Congo
War
3,556
Troops.
[22]

2003
United Nations Mission in Liberia
(UNMIL)
Liberia
Second Liberian
Civil War
2,741
Troops.
[22]

2004
United Nations Operation in
Burundi ONUB
Burundi
Burundi Civil
War
1,185
Troops.
[22]

2004
United Nations Operation in Cte
d'Ivoire (UNOCI)
Cte d'Ivoire
Civil war in Cte
d'Ivoire
1,145
Troops.
[22]

2005
United Nations Mission in the
Sudan (UNMIS)
Sudan
Second Sudanese
Civil War
1,542
Troops.
[22]


Staff/Observers

191
Observers.
[22]

The total amount of troops serving currently in peacekeeping
missions is 10,173 (as of March 2007).
Organization[edit]
Pakistan Army

Leadership
Chief of Army Staff
Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee
Organisation and Components
Structure of the Pakistan Army
Frontier Corps
Frontier Works Organisation
Special Service Group
Army Cantonment Board
Pakistan Armoured Corps
Installations
General Headquarters
Pakistan Military Academy
Command and Staff College
National Defence University
Personnel
Army Ranks of Pakistan
Pakistan Army Generals
Equipment
Modern equipment
History and Traditions
Military history of Pakistan
UN Peacekeeping Missions
Pakistan Army FC
Awards, Decorations and Badges
Awards and Decorations
Nishan-e-Haider

Main articles: Structure of the Pakistan Army and List of serving
generals of the Pakistan Army
Command structure[edit]
The President of Pakistan is the civilian supreme commander of
the Pakistan Armed Forces by statute, while the Prime Minister of
Pakistan served as the chief executive of Pakistan Armed Forces,
both people-elected civilians, Prime Minister and President,
maintains the civilian control of the military. The Chief of the Army
Staff (COAS), a four-star general, is the highest general officer
(unless the four-star general is Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
Committee), a field and operational commander as well as a highest
army four-star general officer, directs the non-combat and
combatant operations from army combatant headquarters
in Rawalpindi, near Islamabad. The Principal Staff Officers (PSO)
assisting him in his duties at the Lieutenant-General level include
a Chief of General Staff (CGS), under whom the Military Operations
and Intelligence Directorates function; the Chief of Logistics Staff
(CLS); the Adjutant General (AG); the Quarter-Master General
(QMG); the Inspector General of Training and Evaluation (IGT and
E); the Military Secretary (MS); and the Engineer-in-Chief, a top
army topographer. A major reorganisation inGHQ was done in
September 2008 under General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani, when two
new PSO positions were introduced: the Inspector General Arms
and the Inspector General Communications and IT, thus raising the
number of PSO's to eight.
[23]

The headquarters function also includes the Judge Advocate
General (JAG), and the Comptroller of Civilian Personnel,
the Engineer-in-Chief of the Corps of Engineers who is also head
of Military Engineering Service (MES), all of them also report to the
Chief of the Army Staff. Although most of the officer corps were
generally Muslim by the 1970s, there were still serving Christian
officers the highest rank being attained by Major General Julian
Peter who served as the General Officer Commanding of a Division
and as general staff officer at Army Headquarters up-till 2006.
Commissioned officers rank[edit]
Main article: Army ranks of Pakistan
The rank structure is patterned on the British Army model. It
consists of commissioned officers, non-commissioned officers and
the Junior Commissioned Officers.
Commissioned Officers Ranks of the Pakistan Army
Pay grade O-10 O-9 O-8 O-7 O-6 O-5 O-4 O-3 O-2 O-1

Insignia










Title General
Lieutenant-
General
Major-
General
Brigadier Colonel
Lieutenant-
Colonel
Major Captain Lieutenant
Second
Lieutenant
Abbreviation Gen LGen MGen Brig Col LCol Maj Capt Lt SLt

NATO Code OF-10 OF-9 OF-8 OF-7 OF-6 OF-5 OF-4 OF-3 OF-2 OF-1

Rank
Hierarchy
4-star General
3-star
General
2-star
General
1-star
Officer
Non-commissioned officers wear respective regimental color
chevrons on the right sleeve. Centre point of the uppermost chevron
must remain 10 cm from the point of the shoulder. Company /
battalion appointments wear the appointments badges on the right
wrist.
Structure of Non-Commissioned Officers Ranks of Pakistan Army
Pay grade OR-9 OR-8 OR-7 OR-6 OR-5 OR-4 OR-3 OR-2 OR-1

Insignia

No
insignia
No
insignia
Title
Battalion
Havildar
Major
Battalion
Quartermaster
Havildar
Company
Havildar
Major
Company
Quartermaster
Havildar
Havildar Naik
Lance
Naik
Sepoy
No
Equivalent
Abbreviation BHM BQMH CHM CQMH HLD NK LN S NE

NATO Code OR-9 OR-8 OR-7 OR-6 OR-5 OR-4 OR-3 OR-2 OR-1

Junior Commissioned Officer Ranks
Insignia


Title
Subedar Major (infantry and other
arms)/Risaldar Major (cavalry and
Subedar (infantry and other
arms)/Risaldar (cavalry and
Naib Subedar (infantry and other
arms)/Naib Risaldar (cavalry and
armour) armour) armour)
Subdivision by profession[edit]
The Pakistan Army is divided into two main branches, which are
Arms and Services.
Arms
Armoured Corps
Infantry
Artillery
Air Defence
Engineers
Signals
Aviation
Airborne
Chemical corps
[citation needed]

Services
Army Services Corps(ASC)
Corps of Military Police
Military Intelligence Corps
Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (EME)
Army Medical Corps
Army Ordnance Corps
Army Dental Corps
Remount Veterinary and Farms Corps
Army Education Corps
Army Clerical Corps
JAG Branch
Operational commands[edit]
The Pakistan Army operates three commands during peace time.
Each command is headed by General Officer Commanding-in-Chief
with the rank of Lieutenant General. Each command is directly
affiliated to the Army HQ inRawalpindi.
According to Globalsecurity.org, drawing on Pakistani media
sources, three commands, supervising a number of corps each,
have been formed: Northern Command, Central Command, and
Southern Command.
[24][25]

Corps[edit]
A corps is an army field formation responsible for a zone within a
command theatre. There are three types of corps in the Pakistani
Army: Strike, Holding and Mixed. A command generally consists of
two or more corps. A corps has Army divisions under its command.
The Corps HQ is the highest field formation in the army.
There are 13 Corps in Pakistan Army. 9 of these Corps are
composed of Infantry, Mechanised, Armoured, Artillery and Anti-
Tank divisions and brigades. Army Air Defence Command is
another Corps of Pakistan Army which plays the role of Anti-Aircraft
Artillery whereas Army Aviation Corps provides air support to
Pakistan Army. Army Strategic Forces Command is responsible for
training, deployment and activation of Pakistan's nuclear missiles.
The last Corps is called the Northern Area Command which is
Headquartered at Gilgit and is reported to have 5 Infantry
Brigades.
[26][27][28][29][30][31]

Forces in action or poised for action include XI Corps, which has
been heavily engaged in fighting the Taliban and other
extremists along Pakistan's north-western border, and 323rd
Infantry Brigade, part of Forces Command Northern Areas, on
the Siachen Glacier.
The peace time commands are given below in their correct order of
raising, and location (city).
Headquarters, Pakistani Army, Rawalpindi, Punjab

I Corps headquartered at Mangla Cantonment
6th Armoured Division headquartered
atGujranwala
17th Infantry Division headquartered atKharian
37th Infantry Division headquartered at Kharian
11th Independent Armoured Brigade
Independent Air Defense Brigade
Independent Artillery Brigade
Independent Infantry Brigade
II Corps headquartered at Multan
1st Armoured Division headquartered atMultan
14th Infantry Division headquartered atOkara
40th Infantry Division headquartered at Okara
Independent Armoured Brigade
Independent Air Defense Brigade
Independent Artillery Brigade
Independent Infantry Brigade
IV Corps headquartered at Lahore
2nd Artillery Division headquartered atGujranwala
10th Infantry Division headquartered at Lahore
11th Infantry Division headquartered at Lahore
3rd Independent Armoured Brigade
212th Infantry Brigade

V Corps headquartered at Karachi
16th Infantry Division headquartered at Pano Aqil
18th Infantry Division headquartered atHyderabad
25th Mechanised Division headquartered atMalir
[32]

31st Mechanised Brigade headquartered at Malir
2nd Armoured Brigade headquartered at Malir
Independent Armoured Brigade
Independent Artillery Brigade
X Corps headquartered at Rawalpindi
12th Infantry Division headquartered atMurree
19th Infantry Division headquartered atMangla
23rd Infantry Division headquartered atJhelum
Force Command Northern Areas headquartered
at Gilgit
111th Infantry Brigade headquartered at Rawalpindi
8th Armoured Brigade headquartered atKharian
Independent Artillery Brigade
XI Corps headquartered at Peshawar
7th Infantry Division headquartered at Peshawar
9th Infantry Division headquartered at Kohat
Independent Armoured Brigade headquartered
at Nowshera
XII Corps headquartered at Quetta
33rd Infantry Division headquartered at Quetta
Independent Artillery Brigade
XXX Corps headquartered at Gujranwala
8th Infantry Division headquartered at Sialkot
15th Infantry Division headquartered at Sialkot
2nd Independent Armoured Brigade
Independent Anti-Tank Brigade
Independent Artillery Brigade
XXXI Corps headquartered at Bahawalpur
26th Mechanised Division headquartered
atBahawalpur
[32]

35th Infantry Division headquartered at
Bahawalpur
13th Independent Armoured Brigade
101st Independent Infantry Brigade
41st Infantry Division headquartered at Quetta
Independent Infantry Brigade headquartered
at Turbat
Independent Armoured Brigade headquartered
at Khuzdar
Artillery Division headquarters at Pano Aqil
Army Air Defence Command headquartered at
Rawalpindi
3rd Air Defence Division headquartered atSargodha
4th Air Defence Division headquartered atMalir
Army Strategic Forces Command headquartered at
Rawalpindi
21st Division headquartered at Pano Aqil
22nd Division headquartered at Sargodha


Pakistan Army Structure 2013
Other field formations[edit]
Division: An Army Division is an intermediate between a Corps
and a Brigade. It is the largest striking force in the army. Each
Division is headed by [General Officer Commanding] (GOC) in
the rank of Major General. It usually consists of 15,000 combat
troops and 8,000 support elements. Currently, the Pakistani
Army has 29 Divisions including 20 Infantry Divisions, 2
Armoured Divisions, 2 Mechanized Divisions, 2 Air Defence
Divisions, 2 Strategic Divisions and 1 Artillery Division. Each
Division composes of several Brigades.
Brigade: A Brigade generally consists of around 3,000 combat
troops with supporting elements. An Infantry Brigade usually
has 3 Infantry Battalions along with various Support Arms &
Services. It is headed by a Brigadier, equivalent to a Brigadier
General in some armies. In addition to the Brigades in various
Army Divisions, the Pakistani Army also has 7 Independent
Armoured Brigades, 5 Independent Artillery Brigades, 3
Independent Infantry Brigades, and 3 Anti-Tank Brigades.
These Independent Brigades operate directly under the Corps
Commander (GOC Corps).
Regiment: A regiment is commanded by a Colonel.
Battalion: A Battalion is commanded by a Lieutenant-
Colonel and is the Infantry's main fighting unit. It consists of
more than 900 combat personnel.
Company: Headed by the Major/Captain, a Company
comprises about 120150 soldiers.
Platoon: An intermediate between a Company and Section, a
Platoon is headed by a Lieutenant or depending on the
availability of Commissioned Officers, a Junior Commissioned
Officer, with the rank of Subedar or Naib-Subedar. It has a total
strength of about 3036 troops.
Section: Smallest military outfit with a strength of about 913
personnel. Commanded by a Non-commissioned officer of the
rank of Havildar Major or Sergeant Major.
Regiments[edit]


Pakistan's Honor Guards at theAiwan-e-Sadr, Islamabad
There are several battalions or units associated together in an
infantry regiment. The infantry regiment in the Pakistani Army is an
administrative military organisation and not a field formation. All the
battalions of a regiment do not fight together as one formation, but
are dispersed over various formations, viz. brigades, divisions and
corps. An infantry battalion serves for a period of time under a
formation and then moves to another, usually in another sector or
terrain when its tenure is over. Occasionally, battalions of the same
regiment may serve together for a tenure.
Most of the infantry regiments of the Pakistani Army originate from
the old British Indian Army and recruit troops from a region or of
specific ethnicities.
Regiments of the Pakistani Army include:
Infantry:
Punja
b
Regim
ent
Baloc
h
Regim
ent
Fronti
er
Force
Regim
Army AirDefence:
Medium AD
Regiment(Med)
Light AD
Regiment(Lt)
GunMissile
Regiment(Lt GM)
GunMissile/SelfPr
opelled
Regiment(Lt
GM/SP)
SAM Regiment
Armoured
Corps:
Caval
ry
Lance
rs
Horse
Army
Service
Corps :
Mechani
cal
Transpo
rt
Battalio
n(MTB)
Animal
Transpo
rt
Regime
Artillery
Corps
Field
Regim
ent
Mount
ain
Regim
ent
Mediu
m
Regim
ent
Cor
ps
of
Engi
neer
s
Avia
tion
Cor
ps
Cor
ps
of
ent(FF
)
Azad
Kash
mir
Regim
ent(A
K)
Sind
Regim
ent
North
ern
Light
Infantr
y(NLI
)
Missile
Regiment(RBS70)
Radar Controlled
Gun
Regiment (RCG)
Survellence
Controlling
Reporting
Regiment(SC&R)
nt(AT)
Supply
Transpo
rt
Battalio
n(STB)
Heavy
Regim
ent
Self
Propell
ed
(Med)
Regim
ent(SP
Med)
Self
Propell
ed
(Heavy
)
Regim
ent(SP
Hvy)
Met
and
Locati
ng
Regim
ent(M
AS)
Multi
Barrel
Rocket
Launc
her
Regim
ent(M
BRL)
Sign
als
Cor
ps
of
Elec
trica
l
and
Mec
hani
cal
Engi
neer
ing
Med
ical
Cor
ps
Cor
ps
of
Mili
tary
Poli
ce
Multip
le
Launc
hing
Rocket
System
Regim
ent(M
LRS)
Special forces[edit]
The Special Services Group (SSG) is an
independent commando regiment/corps of the Pakistan Army. It is
an elitespecial operations force similar to the United States Army
Special Forces (Green Berets) and the British Army's SAS.
Official numbers are put at 2,100 men, in 3 battalions; however the
actual strength is classified.
[citation needed]
It is estimated to have been
increased to 4 Battalions, with the eventual formation of 3 Brigades
of Special Forces (7 Battalions).
Combat doctrine[edit]
The Pakistan Army has developed a doctrine called the Riposte
which is a limited "offensive-defence"
[33]
doctrine. It has refined it
consistently starting in 1989 during the "Exercise Zarb-e-Momin".
This doctrine is fully focused towards Pakistan's archenemy, India.
The doctrine is derived from several factors:
[34]

1. The vulnerability of Pakistan is that so many of its major
population centres and politically and military sensitive
targets lie very close to the border with India. As such
Pakistan can ill-afford to lose large territories to an Indian
attack.
2. 'Strategic depth' in the form of a friendly Afghanistan is
deemed vital by military planners.
3. India has substantially enhanced its offensive capabilities,
with the Cold Start Doctrine. Any counterattack would be
very tricky against the large number of Indian troops
involved. The response of the Pakistani army includes the
development of the Nasr missile.
4. Holding formations in both India and Pakistan can man their
forward defensive positions and fortifications in less than 24
hours. However, Corps level reserves with large stockpiles
of munitions will take between 24 to 72 hours for
mobilisation after being given their orders. In this regard,
both armies will be evenly matched in the first 24 hours
since the Pakistani units have to travel a shorter distance to
their forward positions.
This doctrine entails Pakistan in the event of hostilities with India will
not wait for the enemy's offensive, but rather launch an offensive of
its own. The offensive will be a limited advance along narrow fronts
with the aim of occupying territory near the border to a depth of 40
50 km. Since Indian forces will not reach their maximum strength
near the border for another 4872 hours, Pakistan might have parity
or numerical superiority against the Indians.
The Pakistani Army hopes to accomplish three things under this
strategy:
[34]

1. The enemy is kept off-balance as it will be tied up
containing the Pakistani offensive into its territory rather
than launching an offensive into Pakistani territory.
2. The Pakistani Army hopes to contain the fighting on the
Indian side of the border so that any collateral or other
damage will be suffered by India.
3. Indian territory of strategic importance once seized, will give
the Pakistani Army a bargaining chip to be used in the
aftermath of a ceasefire brought about by international
pressure after 34 weeks of fighting.
4. The use of tactical battlefield nuclear missile such as Nasr
missile that provide maximal damage against massed
troops for extremely limited collateral casualties.
Kashmir, Line of Control and the Northern Punjab areas are heavily
fortified and ill-suited for large mechanised offensives. The most
likely area where Pakistan might launch its offensive is the semi-
desert and desert sectors in southern Punjab and Sindh provinces.
To supplement this doctrine, the Army in the 1990s created a strong
centralised corps of reserves for its formations. The force is known
as Army Reserve South and is a grouping of several powerful Corps
from Pakistan's Order of Battle. These formations have been rapidly
equipped with assets needed for mechanised capability. These
reserve formations are dual-capable, meaning they can be used for
offensive as well as defensive (holding) purposes. Pakistan has
also increased its ammunition, fuel and other military stockpiles to
last for 45 days in case of a conflict. During the 1965 war for
instance, Pakistan only had 13-day reserves which hampered its
military operations.
The possibility of a major war of the sort against which earlier
doctrines had evolved came into question after May 1998 when
both sides overtly demonstrated their nuclear capability. The Kargil
conflict and the military standoff with India in 2002 led to various
stability theories being viewed with scepticism on both sides. India
realised the need to drastically reduce the time taken to build up its
forces from all over the country towards its western borders and
strike early while Pakistani defences on the one hand and
diplomatic manoeuvre on the other were still unprepared. To this
end, the Cold Start Doctrine and its tactical extension, proactive
operations were developed and practised by the Indian Army and
later the Navy and the Airforce variants thereof. Against cold start
and proactive operations, Pakistan began developing its response
at the joint services level with notable changes in how the land
forces viewed existential and future threat. The intellectual
powerhouse for this was led by the Chief of the Army Staff, the
commandant of the Armed Forces War College, selected corps
commanders and a team of senior brigadiers. The Azm-e-Nau (New
Resolve)
[35][36]
series of war games were conducted and a new
doctrine evolved. These exercises and war-games culminated in the
massive Azm-e-Nau 3 which was conducted in the deserts of
Bahawalpur and upper Punjab in April and May 2010. The Army set
up a doctrines concepts and development division under a top
brigadier to evolve high, mid and low level doctrines for the army.
The Pakistan Army Doctrine, Pakistan Defence Doctrine and a
series of publications were developed between 2010 and 2011.
Pakistan Army Doctrine with its main authors General Hanif and
Brigadier General Zaidi is an opensource document and as such
marks a turning point in Pakistan Army's approach to warfare and
warfighting in the wake of new challenges. Traditionally secretive
and protective of its doctrines, the Pakistan Army Doctrine, when it
becomes openly available, would be the first time that Pakistan
allows greater insight to its strategic thinking, workings and the use
of military power.
Involvement in Pakistani society[edit]
See also: 2009 refugee crisis in Pakistan
The Pakistan Army has played an integral part in the civil society of
Pakistan, almost since its inception.
[37]
In 1996, General Jehangir
Karamat described Pakistan armed forces' relations with the
society:
In my opinion, if we have to repeat of past events then we
must understand that Military leaders can pressure only up
to a point. Beyond that their own position starts getting
undermined because the military is after all is a mirror image
of the civil society from which it is drawn.
General Jehangir Karamat on civil societymilitary
relations,
[37]

In times of natural disaster, such as the great floods of 1992 or the
October 2005 devastating earthquake, army engineers, medical and
logistics personnel, and the armed forces played a major role in
bringing relief and supplies.
The army also engaged in extensive corporate activities. Most of
these enterprises, such as stud and dairy farms, were for the army's
own use, but others performed functions in local civilian economy
such as bakeries, security services and banking. Army factories
produced such goods as sugar, fertiliser, and brass castings and
sold them to civilian consumers albeit at prices higher than those
charged from military personnel.
[38]

Several army organisations operate in the commercial sector across
the country. For example, the National Logistics Cell was
responsible for trucking food and other goods across the country;
the Frontier Works Organization built the Karakoram Highway to
China; and the Special Communication Organization maintained
communications networks in remote parts of Pakistan. The Pakistan
Army has been involved in relief activities not only in Pakistan but
also in many other countries of the world, such as the relief
activities after Bangladesh was hit by floods. The Army also
dispatched relief to Indonesia, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka after they
were hit by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and the resulting
tsunami. Both the Pakistan Army and Navy sent ships and
helicopters to assist in the tsunami relief operation.
Personnel[edit]


A Pakistan Army soldier deployed during an exercise and armed with
the Heckler & Koch G3, the PA's standardassault rifle.
According to the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS)
the Pakistan Army has an active force of 725,000 personnel in
2013.
[2]
In addition there were around 500,000 reserves bringing the
total to 1,225,000.
Personnel training[edit]
Enlisted ranks[edit]
Most enlisted personnel used to come from rural families, and many
have only rudimentary literacy skills, but with the increase in the
literacy level the requirements have been raised to Matriculate level
(10th Grade). Recruits are processed gradually through a
paternalistically run regimental training center, taught the official
language,Urdu, if necessary, and given a period of elementary
education before their military training actually starts.
In the thirty-six-week training period, they develop an attachment to
the regiment they will remain with through much of their careers and
begin to develop a sense of being a Pakistani rather than primarily a
member of a tribe or a village. Enlisted men usually serve for
eighteen years, during which they participate in regular training
cycles and have the opportunity to take academic courses to help
them advance.
Officer ranks[edit]
Each year, about 320 men and women enter the army bi-annually
through the Pakistan Military Academy at Kakul inAbbottabad in
the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa; a small numberlike doctors and
technical specialistsare directly recruited, and are part of the
officer corps. The product of a highly competitive selection process,
members of the officer corps have completed twelve years of
education and spend two years at the Pakistan Military Academy,
with their time divided about equally between military training and
academic work to bring them up to a baccalaureate education level,
which includes English-language skills.
Academic institutions[edit]
The Army has twelve other training and educational establishments,
including schools concentrating on specific skills such as infantry,
artillery, intelligence, engineering, or mountain warfare.
The National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) has
been established which has absorbed the existing colleges of
engineering, signals, electrical engineering and medicine. At the
apex of the army training system is the Command and Staff
College at Quetta, one of the few institutions inherited from the
colonial period. The college offers a ten-month course in tactics,
staff duties, administration, and command functions through the
division level. Students from foreign countries, including the United
States, have attended the school but reportedly have been critical of
its narrow focus and failure to encourage speculative thinking or to
give adequate attention to less glamorous subjects, such as
logistics.
[citation needed]

The senior training institution for all service branches is the National
Defence University, Islamabad. Originally established in 1971
at Rawalpindi, to provide training in higher military strategy for
senior officers, the institution was relocated to Islamabad in 1995. It
also offers courses that allow civilians to explore the broader
aspects of national security. In a program begun in the 1980s to
upgrade the intellectual standards of the officer corps and increase
awareness of the wider world, a small group of officers, has been
detailed to academic training, achieving master's degrees and even
doctorates at universities in Pakistan and abroad.
Pakistani officers were sent abroad during the 1950s and into the
1960s for training in Britain and other Commonwealthcountries, and
the United States, where trainees numbering well in the hundreds
attended a full range of institutions ranging from armoured and
infantry schools to the higher staff and command institutions. After
1961 this training was coordinated under the International Military
Education and Training (IMET) program, but numbers varied along
with the vicissitudes of the United States-Pakistan military
relationship. Of some 200 officers being sent abroad annually in the
1980s, over two-thirds went to the United States, but the cessation
of United States aid in 1990 entailed suspension of the IMET
program. In 1994 virtually all foreign training was in Commonwealth
countries. However, after the 9/11 attacks, Pakistan again has
begun sending officers to US Army schools. Today there are more
than 400 officers serving in foreign countries. Officers retire
between the ages of fifty-two and sixty, depending on their rank.
Science and technology[edit]
Apart from conducting military operations, exercises, and military
ethics, the Pakistan Army maintains its own science and technology
corps and organisations. Most notable science and engineering
corps including Military Engineering Service (MES) Corps of
Engineers, Corps of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering (EME),
and Frontier Works Organisation. Its Army Strategic Forces
Command served as the primary military organisation in the matters
of conducting and directing research on nuclear and space (such as
military satellites). The cadets and officers of the Pakistan Army
who wished to study science and technology are given admission at
the College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering (CEME) and
the Military College of Engineering where the scientific and military
education are taught. The admissions of engineering colleges are
not restricted to civilians as they can also gain admission and
graduate with engineering and science degrees.
Uniforms[edit]
Pakistan Army uniforms closely resemble those of the British Armed
Forces. The principal colour is greenish brown. Dress uniforms
were worn mostly on formal occasions. The service uniform was
worn for daily duty. The service uniform for the ground forces was
khaki (sand/tan) cotton. Officers purchased their uniforms, but
enlisted personnel received a standard uniform issue, which
consisted of service and field uniforms, fatigues, and in some
cases, dress uniforms. The uniforms consisted of shirt, trousers,
sweater, jacket or blouse, and boots. There is also a white dress
uniform. The fatigues were the same for winter and summer. Heavy
winter gear was issued as needed. Headgear included a service
cap for dress and semi-dress and a field cap worn with fatigues.
Army personnel also wear berets, usually worn in lieu of the service
cap.
Brown and black and more recently former US BDU style
camouflage fatigues are worn by army troop units. The uniform of a
Pakistan army soldier exhibits much information i.e.
Pakistan Army has introduced pixilated arid camouflage pattern in
uniform and resized qualification badges which are now colourless
and service ribbons are no longer worn along with the ranks are
now embroidered and are on chest. The name is embroidered and
is on right pocket and the left pocket displays embroidered Pak
Army. Flag of Pakistan is placed over the black embroidered
formation sign on the left arm and adventure course insignias are
put up as per ADR for khaki uniform,
[39]
decorations &
awards
[40]
and the ranks.
[41]

Ethnic composition[edit]
Traditionally, the army was a predominantly Punjabi force because
of its dominant Population (Punjab is the most populous province of
Pakistan, with approximately 45% of the country's total population).
In British India, three districts:Jhelum, Rawalpindi, and Campbellpur
(now Attock) dominated the recruitment flows. By 2007 the
percentage representation in the Pakistan Army as a whole was
approximate as follows:
Punjabis: 53.19%
Pashtuns: 21%
Sindhis: 13.5%
Kashmiris: 9.11%
Balochis: 3.2% .
Extensive efforts have been made to bring Balochis and Sindhis on
par with other ethnicities, presently the army recruitment system is
enlisting personnel district-wise irrespective of provincial
boundaries. This decision has given a fair chance to every citizen of
Pakistan to be part of the Pakistan Army as each district possesses
a fixed percentage of seats in all branches of the army, as per
census records. Large numbers of men from Sindh and Balochistan
have joined the ranks of the army and have proved their
commitment and bravery to the national cause in Kargil and the
ongoing global war on terrorism.
[38][42]

Women and non-Muslim Pakistanis[edit]
Main article: Women in the Pakistan Armed Forces
Women have served in the Pakistan Army since its foundation.
Currently, there is a sizeable number of Women serving in the
army. Most women are recruited in the regular Army to perform
medical and educational work. There is also a Women's Guard
section of Pakistan's National Guard where women are trained in
nursing, welfare and clerical work and there are also women
recruited in very limited numbers for the Janbaz Force. Only
recently has Pakistan began to recruit women for combat positions
and the Elite Anti-Terrorist Force in 2007, several female graduates
were nominated to be Sky Marshals for Pakistan based
airlines.
[43]
In addition recently eight of the 41 cadets from the
Pakistan Military Academy at Kakul became the first women guards
of honour.
[44]
Pakistan is the only country in the Islamic world to
have female Major Generals in the Army.
[45]
Major General Shahida
Badshah was Pakistan's first female two-star general.
[citation needed]

Non Muslim Pakistanis are allowed to sit in all examinations.
There have been numerous Christians who have risen to the rank of
Brigadier; and in the 1990 the first Christian promoted to the rank of
Major General was Julian Peter who commanded the 14th Div in
Okara Cantt. In 2009 brigadier Noel Israel Khokhar, was also
promoted to rank of Major General. Capt. Hercharn Singh, the first
Sikh as Commissioned Officer in Pakistan Army. He was
commissioned in Baloch Regiment. Currently, he's serving as an
ADC to a Corps Commander.
Recipients of Nishan-e-Haider[edit]


Nishan-e-Haider; Pakistan's highest military award.
The Nishan-e-Haider (Urdu: ) (Sign of the Lion) is the
highest military award given by Pakistan, ranking above the Hilal-i-
Jur'at (Crescent of Courage). Nishan-e-Haider recipients receive an
honorary title as a sign of respect: Shaheed meaning martyr for
deceased recipients. As of 19 Sep 2013, all Nishan-e-
Haider awards have thus far been given to the people engaged in
battles with India.
Similar to the American Medal of Honor or the British Victoria Cross,
it has only been awarded to 9 Pakistan Army personnel since 1947:
Name Unit Conflict Date Place of Death
Captain Muhammad
Sarwar
2nd Battalion of thePunjab
Regiment
War of 1947 27 July 1948 Uri, Kashmir
Major Tufail 16th Battalion of the 1958 Border 7 August Lakshmipur District
Mohammad Punjab Regiment clash with India 1958
Major Aziz Bhatti
17th Battalion of the
Punjab Regiment
War of 1965
10 September
1965
Lahore District
Major Mohammad
Akram
4th Battalion of
theFrontier Force
Regiment
War of 1971 1971 East Pakistan
Major Shabbir Sharif
6th Battalion of the
Frontier Force Regiment
War of 1971
6 December
1971
Salmanki Sector,Kasur
Lance Naik
Muhammad Mahfuz
15th Battalion of the
Punjab Regiment
War of 1971
8 December
1971
Wagah-Attari
Sawar Muhammad
Hussain
20th Lancers, Armoured
Corps
War of 1971
10 December
1971
Zafarwal-Shakargarh
Captain Karnal Sher
Khan
12th Battalion of
theNorthern Light Infantry
Kargil War 5 July 1999
Kargil, Indian
administered Kashmir
Havaldar Lalak Jan
12th Battalion of the
Northern Light Infantry
Kargil War 7 July 1999
Kargil, Indian
administered Kashmir
Recipients of foreign awards[edit]
Two Pakistani pilots belonging to the army aviation branch of
Pakistan Army who carried out a daring rescue of a mountaineer
were given Slovenia's top award for bravery. Slovenian, Tomaz
Humar got stranded on the western end of the 8,125m Nanga
Parbat mountain where he remained for around a week on top of
the world's ninth-highest peak. The helicopter pilots plucked the 38-
year-old from an icy ledge 6,000m up the peak known as "killer
mountain".
The Slovenian President presented Lt Col Rashid Ullah Beg and Lt
Col Khalid Amir Rana with the Golden Order for Services in the
country's capital, Ljubljana, for risking their lives during the rescue
mission, a Pakistan Army statement said.
[46]

Pakistan Army team was awarded a gold medal at the prestigious
Cambrian Patrol Exercise held in Wales in 2010. According to
ISPR, "Rawalpindi Corps team represented Pakistan Army in
Exercise Cambrian Patrol 2010, held from 1113 October 2010
and by the Grace of Allah, the team showed an excellent
performance by winning a Gold Medal in the event, which is a big
honour not only for Army but for the Country as a whole."
[47][48][49][50]

Equipment[edit]
Main article: Modern equipment and uniform of the Pakistan Army
The equipment currently in use by the Pakistan Army is divided into
the following main sections: small arms, armour, artillery, aircraft
and air defence systems. Most equipment of the Pakistan Army
tend to be either of Chinese, European or American designs.
Arms[edit]

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this
article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be
challenged and removed. (March 2013)


The Heckler & Koch G3 is the Pakistan Army's standard battle rifle, shown
here is the G3A3 model.
Weapon Comments
Handguns
Glock 17 Used by Special Services Group as their side arm.

Glock 19 Used by Special Services Group as their side arm.

Glock 26

Sarsilmaz (B-6)

Sarsilmaz (ST-9)

Para PK-9 Manufactured by POF Wah.

Beretta 92

Steyr M9A1 Recently acquired by the SSW.

Sub-machine guns (SMG) and carbines:
Heckler & Koch MP5 Manufactured by POF

Heckler & Koch
MP5K
Also in use by Airport Security Force and personal security detail of VIPs,
manufactured by POF.
FN P90

Battle rifles
Heckler & Koch G3 The PA's service rifle. G3A3, G3P4 variants in service.

Assault rifles
Type 56 Chinese-manufactured AK-47.
[51]


Steyr AUG

AK-47

Type 81 Assault Rifle Chinese-manufactured

M4 Carbine

FN F2000

Grenades
M67 grenade

Sniper rifles
Dragunov SVD
[52]


HK PSG1
[citation needed]


M82 Barret

Steyr SSG 69
[citation needed]


RPA Rangemaster .50 Used by Complete Army.

Machine guns
FN MAG

FN Minimi Para

MG3 Manufactured under license by Pakistan Ordnance Factories.
[53]


RPD

Grenade launchers
Mk 19 grenade
launcher
RPG-7 Manufactured under license by Pakistan Ordnance Factories

Armour[edit]


Al-Zarrar MBT


M60 AVLB
Vehicle/System/Aircraft
Firm Number in
Service
Status
Main Battle Tanks (MBT)
Al-Khalid 600
[54][55]

In service, production and deliveries ongoing,
around 600 Al Khalid tanks planned. 300 Al-
Khalid ordered initially, later orders for
upgraded Al-Khalid I.
[56]


T-80UD 320
[54][57]

320
[58]
delivered by Ukraine between 1997 and
early 2002, incorporating re-designed T-
84 turret.
[57]


Type 85-IIAP 275
[54][59]

500
[citation needed]
Type 85-IIAP built under
license at Heavy Industries Taxila, later
upgraded to Type 85-III.

Al-Zarrar 500
[57]
Upgraded form of Type 59-II.
[56]


Type 69-II 300,
[54]
400
[57]

Produced under license, armed with 105 mm
guns.
[citation needed]

Type 59 2000,
[57]
1800
[54]



T-54/55 54
[57]
Some sources say all in reserve storage
[54]


Armoured Personnel Carriers (APC)
Hamza Infantry Fighting
Vehicle
[citation needed]




Al-Fahd Infantry fighting
vehicle
[citation needed]

In Service
[citation needed]


Talha
[citation needed]
Armoured
Personnel Carrier
Final number to be around 2,000
[citation needed]


Sa'ad Armoured Personnel
Carrier
[citation needed]

Currently in production
[citation needed]


M113 Armoured Personnel Carrier 1,600
[57]
In Service

Mohafiz Light Armoured Personnel
Carrier
???
[57]
In Service & Additional APCs being procured

Otokar Akrep Light Jeep 1,260 In Service
[citation needed]


Al Qaswa Logistical Vehicle 500 Being procured

M88 ARV Armoured Recovery
Vehicle
- In Service

Armoured Bridging Vehicles
M60A1 AVLB Armoured Vehicle
Launched Bridge
In Service

M48 Armoured Vehicle Launched
BridgeArmoured Vehicle Launched
Bridge
In Service

Artillery inventory[edit]


M109 self-propelled howitzer


M115 towed howitzer


M198 towed howitzer
Vehicle/System Calibre Quantity Comments
Self-propelled artillery
M110 203 mm 260
[57]
Tracked chassis.
[57]


M109 (A2/A4/A5)
howitzer
155 mm 665
[57]
Tracked chassis.
[57][60]


NORINCOSH1
[citation
needed]

155 mm 213 66 wheeled chassis.
[61]


MRLS-Multiple Launch Rocket System
A-100 300mm 100 Confirmed during the recent Azm-e-Nau-3.

KRL-21 155 mm 72 Truck-mounted.

Towed artillery
M115 203 mm 356
[57]



MKEK Panter
[citation needed]
155 mm 30
Auxiliary power unit can propel the gun at up to
18 km/h.
[citation needed]

M198 155 mm 348
[57]
95 plus 24 delivered in 1997.
[citation needed]


M114 155 mm 244
[57]



Type 59I 130 mm 410
[57]



Type 54 122 mm 490
[57]



M56 105 mm 113
[57]



M101 105 mm 216
[57]



Aircraft inventory[edit]


Pakistan Army Mi-17 transport helicopter


Two Pakistan Army AH-1S Cobra attack helicopters at AVN Base, Multan
The Pakistan Army operates the following helicopters and fixed-
wing aircraft:
Aircraft/System Role Quantity Comments
AH-1F/S Cobra Attack helicopter 40
[62]
One squadron supplied in 2010.
[63]

IAR 330 Utility helicopter 4

Harbin Y-12 Utility aircraft 2

Cessna Citation Bravo Transport aircraft 2
[62]


PAC MFI-17 Mushshak
Basic Training+Light
Attack

Manufactured under license byPakistan
Aeronautical Complex
Aero Commander 840 Transport aircraft 2
[62]


Mil Mi-17 Transport helicopter 85
[62]


Bell 206 Jet Ranger Utility helicopter 9
[62]
13
[64]


Bell 412 Utility helicopter 21
[65]


Bell UH-1 Huey Utility helicopter 27
[66]


Eurocopter AS350 Utility helicopter 10
[62]


Eurocopter AS355 Utility helicopter

Arospatiale SA 330
Puma
Utility helicopter 31
[62]


Aerospatiale SA.316
Alouette III
Utility helicopter 10
[62]
Being phased out.
Anti-tank missiles[edit]
Anti-tank
Bakter-Shikan ATGM
BGM-71 TOW
BGM-71 TOW 2
[67]

MILAN
[citation needed]

Air defence systems[edit]

This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this
section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be
challenged and removed. (May 2012)
Man-portable air defence systems
Anza Mk I, Anza Mk II, Anza Mk III (MANPAD)
SA-7 Grail
General Dynamics FIM-92 Stinger
General Dynamics FIM-43 Redeye
Bofors RBS-70 short-range SAM system
Mistral Man-portable air defence systems
Medium altitude air defence systems
Spada-2000, Advanced Air Defence System
Bofors RBS 23 medium range, all-weather capable air defence
system
High altitude air defence systems
HQ-2B SAM
HQ-9
Anti-aircraft guns
Oerlikon(GDF-005) 35 mm twin cannon
Oerlikon AHEAD modified cannon
Bofors 40 mm cannon
Sports[edit]
See also: Pakistan Army basketball team
The Pakistan Army has a noteworthy sports program with elite
athletes in many sports disciplines.
[68]
An example of the program's
success is its basketball program which regularly provides
the Pakistan national basketball team with key players.
[69]

References[edit]
Citations
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on Pakistan military's '10bn empire'". The Guardian (London).
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b
IISS 2010, pp. 366
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5. Jump up^ "Article 243". Retrieved 18 January 2013.
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2013.
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10. Jump up^ "The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965". Memory.loc.gov.
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Civil War in East Pakistan in 1971: Military Action: Operation
Searchlight Economic and Political Weekly Special Articles, 8
October 2005
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Campaign Continues in Dacca; Evidence Military Faces Some
Difficulties Elsewhere, 31 March 1971, Confidential, 3 pp
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Dacca to the Department of State, 29 1971 March 1130Z
[dead
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14. Jump up^ Pakistan: The Ravaging of Golden Bengal, Time, 2
August 1971
15. Jump up^ iddq Slik (1977). Witness to surrender. Oxford
University Press. pp. 63, 228, 229. ISBN 978-0-19-577257-9.
Retrieved 4 June 2011.
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17. Jump up^ Rummel, Rudolph J., "Statistics of Democide:
Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1900", ISBN 3-8258-4010-
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18. Jump up^ Major (Ret) A.H. Amin, The Pakistan Army from
1965 to 1971, Defence Journal, November 2000
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Decree in '07 Was Illegal, Court Rules". The New York Times.
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[dead link]

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b

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d

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f
"UN Mission in Democrative Republic of
Congo (MONUC)". Web.archive.org. 26 September 2007.
Archived from the original on 26 September 2007. Retrieved
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23. Jump up^ Iftikhar A. Khan. "Kayani shakes up army
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Pakistan Army Order of Battle Divisions.
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August 1997.
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b
BHARAT RAKSHAK MONITOR: Volume
3(6). Bharat-rakshak.com.
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HD !!!!". YouTube. Retrieved 15 May 2012.
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Mazhar Aziz (2008). Military control in
Pakistan: the parallel state. Milton Park, Didcot, Oxfordshire,
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43743-1.
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40. Jump up^ John Pike. "Army Awards & Decorations".
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42. Jump up^ Punjabs dominance in army being reduced: ISPR -
DAWN Top Stories; 14 September 2007.
Archives.dawn.com (14 September 2007).
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July 2002. Retrieved 21 January 2007.
44. Jump up^ "Pakistan Female honour guards". Retrieved 21
January 2007.
45. Jump up^ "Pakistan is the only country in the Islamic world to
have women Major Generals". Retrieved 16 April 2007.
46. Jump up^ BBC: Pakistan pilots get bravery award. BBC News
(15 June 2007).
47. Jump up^ "Pakistan Army Wins Gold Medal @ International
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Irandefence.net. Retrieved 15 May 2012.
48. Jump up^ "Leading News Resource of Pakistan". Daily
Times. 21 October 2010. Retrieved 15 May 2012.
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get going | Times of Pakistan". Timesofpakistan.pk. Retrieved
15 May 2012.
51. Jump up^ Chatterjee, Debalina. "The Sino-Pakistan Defence
Deals: A Factfile". IIT Madras. Retrieved 17 Jan 2014.
52. Jump up^ Dragunov SVD Sniper Rifle History, Specs and
Pictures Military, Security and Civilian Guns and Equipment.
Militaryfactory.com (24 October 2009).
53. Jump up^ [2]
[dead link]

54. ^ Jump up to:
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b

c

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f
Pakistan Intelligence, Security Activities
& Operations Handbook. USA: International Business
Publications. 2006. p. 134. ISBN 978-0-7397-1194-1.
55. Jump up^ "Al Khalid MBT-2000". Pakistan's MBTs.
GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 7 March 2012.
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a

b
Usman Ansari, "Pakistan Pushes Armour
Upgrades". Published 20 April 2009 by defence News.
Retrieved 24 December 2009.
57. ^ Jump up to:
a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

j

k

l

m

n

o

p

q

r

s
Pakistan Army
Equipment. Globalsecurity.org (16 February 2009).
58. Jump up^ KMDB T80UD Main Battle Tank.
Morozov.com.ua.
59. Jump up^ Global Security T-80UD"
60. Jump up^ SP howitzer (USA) 155-mm M109 Military
Periscope. Periscope.ucg.com.
61. Jump up^ SH1 155-mm Self-Propelled Howitzer. Military-
Today.com.
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h
"Directory: World Air Forces." Flight
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2010.
63. Jump up^ ONLINE International News Network.
Onlinenews.com.pk.
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65. Jump up^ "More Bell 412s for Pakistan's Military".
Defenseindustrydaily.com. 23 September 2010. Retrieved 15
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66. Jump up^ bell | cessna | lockheed jetstar | 2004 | 092372 |
Flight Archive. Flightglobal.com (22 November 2004).
67. Jump up^ Foreign Military Sale: Pakistan TOW-2A Anti-
Armor Guided Missiles. Spacewar.com.
68. Jump up^ Pakistan Army Sports,
www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk. Retrieved 19 June 2012.
69. Jump up^ Basketball team named for 11th South Asian
Games, www.nation.com.pk. Retrieved 25 March 2012.
Bibliography
International Institute for Strategic Studies; Hackett, James (ed.) (3
February 2010). The Military Balance 2010.
London:Routledge. ISBN 1-85743-557-5.
External links[edit]

Pakistan portal

Military of Pakistan portal

Military history portal
Official websites
Official website of Pakistan Army launched on 6 April 2009
Official website of Inter Services Public Relations (ISPR)
Official website of International Defence Exhibition and Seminar
(IDEAS)
Web resources
GlobalSecurity.org
defence.pk Pakistan Defence
PakSoldiers.Com Pakistan Military & Defence News
[show]
V
T
E
Pakistan Armed Forces
[show]
V
T
E
Pakistan Army Regiments and Corps
[show]
V
T
E
Comparative military ranks (Pakistan)
[hide]
V
T
E
Missiles of Pakistan

Surface-to-Surface
Ballistic Missiles
Intercontinental Taimur
*


Intermediate Range Shaheen-III
*


Medium Range
Ghauri-I
Ghauri-II
Shaheen-II

Short Range
Hatf-I
Abdali
Ghaznavi
Shaheen-I
M-11
Nasr

Cruise Missiles
Land Attack Babur

Anti-Ship C-802
C-803
Exocet
AGM-84 Harpoon
C-201
C-801

Anti-Tank Missiles
Baktar-Shikan
BGM-71 TOW
MILAN

Torpedoes
**

Mk-46
ET-52C
F17P Mod 2
Tp 43X2
A244-S
SUT Mod 2
ECAN L5 Mod 3
DM2A4
ASROC
VL-ASROC

Air-to-Surface Cruise Missiles
Land Attack
Babur
Ra'ad
AS-30L
AGM-65 Maverick

Anti-Ship
C-802
C-803
CM-400AKG Wrecker
Exocet
AGM-84 Harpoon

Anti-Radiation
AGM-88 HARM
AGM-45 Shrike
MAR-1

Anti-Tank Missiles
Baktar-Shikan
BGM-71 TOW

Glide Bombs
H-2
H-4

Torpedoes
Mk-46
A244-S
ET-52C

Surface-to-Air
Medium Range Area Defence SAMs
HQ-2B (S-75)
RIM-66 SM-1MR

Short Range Point Defence SAMs
Crotale
MBDA Spada 2000
LY-60N
FM-90

Man Portable SAMs
Anza
FN-6
FIM-92 Stinger
FIM-43 Redeye
RBS 70 Mk3
Mistral

Air-to-Air
Beyond Visual Range AAMs
SD-10
AIM-120 AMRAAM

Within Visual Range AAMs
PL-5
PL-9
AIM-9 Sidewinder
AIM-7 Sparrow
Matra R550 Magic
Matra R530
Matra Super 530

* = Under development
** = Includes all ship-to-ship, ship-to-sub, sub-to-ship and sub-to-sub torpedoes
References available ontemplate page
Categories:
Military of Pakistan
Pakistan Army
1947 establishments in Pakistan
Military units and formations established in 1947
Government of Pakistan
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