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This document summarizes a lecture on recycle, bypass, and purge calculations in chemical engineering. It provides examples of each type of calculation. The first example calculates the ratio of reflux to product for a distillation column separating benzene and toluene. The second example calculates the recycle stream and component concentrations for an inversion process converting sucrose to glucose and fructose with 90% single-pass conversion. The example is solved by setting up and simultaneously solving material balances around the overall process, mixing point, reactor, and separator.
This document summarizes a lecture on recycle, bypass, and purge calculations in chemical engineering. It provides examples of each type of calculation. The first example calculates the ratio of reflux to product for a distillation column separating benzene and toluene. The second example calculates the recycle stream and component concentrations for an inversion process converting sucrose to glucose and fructose with 90% single-pass conversion. The example is solved by setting up and simultaneously solving material balances around the overall process, mixing point, reactor, and separator.
This document summarizes a lecture on recycle, bypass, and purge calculations in chemical engineering. It provides examples of each type of calculation. The first example calculates the ratio of reflux to product for a distillation column separating benzene and toluene. The second example calculates the recycle stream and component concentrations for an inversion process converting sucrose to glucose and fructose with 90% single-pass conversion. The example is solved by setting up and simultaneously solving material balances around the overall process, mixing point, reactor, and separator.
Lecture 12 Recycle, Bypass, & Purge Calculations Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos LECTURE 12. Recycle, Bypass, & Purge Calculations Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos SLIDE 2 Recycle Stream Recycle stream is a term denoting a process stream that returns material from downstream of a process unit back to the process unit. LECTURE 12. Recycle, Bypass, & Purge Calculations Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos SLIDE 3 Bypass Stream Bypass stream is a stream that skips one or more stages of the process and goes directly to another downstream stage. LECTURE 12. Recycle, Bypass, & Purge Calculations Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos SLIDE 4 Purge Stream Purge stream is a stream bled off to remove an accumulation of inerts or unwanted material that might otherwise build up in the recycle stream. LECTURE 12. Recycle, Bypass, & Purge Calculations Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos SLIDE 5 Example 12-1. Distillation of Benzene and Toluene A distillation column separates 10,000 kg/hr of a mixture containing equal mass of benzene and toluene. The product D recovered from the condenser at the top of the column contains 95% benzene, and the bottom W from the column contains 96% toluene. The vapor V entering the condenser from the top of the column is 8000 kg/hr. A portion of the product from the condenser is returned to the column as reflux R, and the rest is withdrawn as the final product D. Assume that V, R, and D are identical in composition since V is condensed completely. Find the ratio of the amount refluxed R to the product withdrawn D. LECTURE 12. Recycle, Bypass, & Purge Calculations Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos SLIDE 6 Example 12-1. Distillation of Benzene and Toluene LECTURE 12. Recycle, Bypass, & Purge Calculations Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos SLIDE 7 Example 12-1. Distillation of Benzene and Toluene Overall Process Total Balance: 10,000 = D + W Benzene Balance: 10,000(0.50) = D(0.95) + W(0.04) Solving simultaneously, D = 5050 kg/hr ; W = 4950 kg/hr Total balance around the separator: 8000 = R + D R = 2950 kg/hr Ratio (R/D) = (2950/5050) = 0.58 LECTURE 12. Recycle, Bypass, & Purge Calculations Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos SLIDE 8 Example 12-2. Conversion of Sucrose to Glucose and Fructose Refined sugar (sucrose) can be converted to glucose and fructose by the inversion process C 12 H 22 O 11 + H 2 O =======> C 6 H 12 O 6 (G) + C 6 H 12 O 6 (F) The combined glucose and fructose is called inversion sugar. If 90% conversion of sucrose occurs on one pass through the reactor, what would be the recycle stream flow per 100 lbm fresh feed of sucrose? What is the concentration of inversion sugar in the recycle and product streams? Assume that the two streams are identical in composition. Refer to the flowchart for the other details of the process. LECTURE 12. Recycle, Bypass, & Purge Calculations Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos SLIDE 9 Example 12-2. Conversion of Sucrose to Glucose and Fructose LECTURE 12. Recycle, Bypass, & Purge Calculations Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos SLIDE 10 Overall and Single Pass Conversion
PROCESS REACTOR Input-Output 100 - 0 Overall Conv. of A= = 100 = 100% Input 100 Input-Output 100 - 25 SinglePassConv. of A= = 100 = 75% Input 100 LECTURE 12. Recycle, Bypass, & Purge Calculations Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos SLIDE 11 Example 12-2. Conversion of Sucrose to Glucose and Fructose Solution: Basis: 100 lbm of fresh feed Overall Process 1. Total Balance: P = 100 lbm Mixing Point 2. Total Balance: 100 + R = T 3. Sucrose Balance: 100(0.30) + R(x S ) R = T(x S ) T 4. Inv. Sugar Balance: (0) + R(x I ) R = T(0.05) LECTURE 12. Recycle, Bypass, & Purge Calculations Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos SLIDE 12 Example 12-2. Conversion of Sucrose to Glucose and Fructose Reactor + Separator 5. Sucrose Balance: T(x S ) T T(x S ) T (0.90) = (R + 100)(x S ) R Calculate for the pound of water consumed per pound of sucrose consumed:
1 mol W 1 mol S 18 lbm W lbm W = 0.0526 1 mol S 342.35 lbm S 1 mol W lbmS 6. H 2 O Balance: T(x W ) T T(x S ) T (0.90)(0.0526) = (R + 100)(x W ) R 7. x R : (x S ) R + (x I ) R + (x W ) R = 1.0 8. x T : (x S ) T + 0.05 + (x W ) T = 1.0 LECTURE 12. Recycle, Bypass, & Purge Calculations Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos SLIDE 13 Example 12-2. Conversion of Sucrose to Glucose and Fructose Solving equations 2-8 simultaneously: R = 20.94 lbm T = 120.94 lbm (x W ) T = 0.698 (x S ) T = 0.252 (x W ) R = 0.6858 (x S ) R = 0.0252 (x I ) R = 0.289