1

17
Permutations and Combinations
1. The total number of different means of transportation
= 4 3
= 12
2. Total number of ways of dressing up
= 3 4 2
= 24
3. Total number of 4-letter codes
= 4!
= 24
4. Number of different 5-digit numbers
= 5!
= 120
5. Number of possible arrangements
=
4
P
3
= 24
6. The number of ways of sitting
=
5
P
3
= 60
7. The number of ways
= 2 3 2 1 1
= 12
8. (a) Number of ways = 1
3
P
3
1
= 6
(b) Number of ways =
2
P
2

3
P
3
= 12
9. (a) The number of even numbers
=
5
P
3
2!
= 120
(b) The number of numbers that starts with even
digit
= 2!
5
P
3
= 120
(c) The number of numbers with even numbers to be
side by side
=
4
C
2
3! 2!
= 72
Alternative
4
P
2

3
P
3
= 72
(d) The number of numbers with odd and even digit
in alternate position
= Even, Odd, Even, Odd + Odd, Even, Odd,
Even
= 2 4 1 3 + 4 2 3 1
= 24 + 24
= 48
10. (a) The number of 3-digit numbers greater than
500
= 3
4
P
2
= 36
(b) The number of 3-digit numbers with 1 at the
tens place value
=
4
P
2
1
= 12
(c) The number of 3-digit even numbers
=
4
P
2
1
= 12
(d) Digit 1, 3 and 5 will make up the sum of 9.
Therefore, the number of such numbers
= 3!
= 6
11.
3
C
1
= 3 ways
12.
10
C
2
= 45 pairs
13. (a)
3
C
1
= 3
(b)
3
C
0
= 1
2
14. (a) (i) There are 3 numbers that is less than 4.
Number of selection =
3
C
1
= 3
(ii) 2, 3 and 5 are prime numbers.
Number of selection =
3
C
1
= 3
(iii) 3 and 6 are multiple of 3.
Number of selection =
2
C
1
= 2
(b) (i) Number of selection with all odd digits
=
6
C
3

3
C
0
= 20
(ii) 2 and 4 are the numbers less than 6 and
even.
Number of selection =
6
C
2

4
C
1
= 60
(iii) Number of selection including digit 4
=
5
C
2
= 10
15. (a) The number of possible mixed double pairs
=
3
C
1

4
C
1
= 12
(b) The number of possible mixed double pairs
= 1
4
C
1
= 4
16. (a)
10
C
4
= 210
(b)
3
C
1

7
C
3
= 105
(c)
7
C
4
= 35
(d)
3
C
1

7
C
3
+
3
C
2

7
C
2
+
3
C
3

7
C
1
= 105 + 63 + 7
= 175
17. Number of possible ways
=
9
C
2

7
C
3

4
C
4
= 1260
18. (a) The number of possible ways
=
3
C
1

4
C
1
= 12
(b)
2
C
1

2
C
1
= 4
1. (a) The number of different four-digit numbers
formed
=
6
P
4
= 360
(b) The number of different four-digit even numbers
formed
=
5
P
3

2
P
1
= 120
2. (a) Number of possible arrangements
=
5
P
5
= 120
(b)
4
P
4
2! = 48
3. The number of codes formed
=
3
P
1

5
P
4
= 360
4. (a) The number of team with 2 goals only
=
4
C
2

10
C
3
= 720
(b) The number of teams formed
= 2 boys only + 3 boys only + 4 boys only
+ 5 boys only
=
10
C
2

4
C
3
+
10
C
3

4
C
2
+
10
C
4

4
C
1
+

10
C
5

4
C
0
= 180 + 720 + 840 + 252
= 1992
5. (a) The number of teams formed
=
15
C
8
= 6435
(b) The number of teams formed
=
5
C
1

6
C
4

4
C
3
= 300
1. (a)
4
P
4
= 4!
= 24
(b)
4
P
3
= 24
3
2. (a)
7
P
7
= 7!
= 5040
(b)
2
P
2

5
P
5
= 240
3. (a)
6
P
4
= 360
(b)
4
C
2
3! 2! = 72
Alternative
4
P
2

3
P
2
= 72
4. (a) Number of 3-digit numbers
6
P
1

6
P
2
= 180
[Note: The rst 6 does not include digit 0.]
(b) For 3-digit number less than 500, the rst digit
can take digit 2 or 4 only.
Hence, the number of possible numbers
=
2
P
1

6
P
2
= 60
5. (a)
3
P
2

5
P
3
= 360
(b) 1
2
P
1

4
P
2
1 = 24
6. (a)
3
P
3
= 6
(b)
2
P
1

2
P
2
= 4
7. (a)
2
P
2

6
P
6
= 1440
(b) There are 2 vowels, A and E.
Number of ways = 2P
2

6
P
6
= 1440
8. Number of combination =
8
C
1

5
C
2
= 80
9. (a) Different number of committees that can be
formed
=
33
C
6
= 1 107 568
(b) Different number of committess that can be
formed
=
3
C
1

10
C
2

20
C
3
= 153 900
10.
10
C
2

8
C
3

5
C
5
= 2520
11. (a) (i)
7
P
7
= 5040
(ii)
6
P
6

2
P
2
= 1440
(b) (i)
7
C
3
= 35
(ii)
2
C
2

5
C
3
= 10
12. (a)
n
C
n r
=
n!

[n (n r)]! (n r)!
=
n!

r!(n r)!
=
n
C
r
(b) (i)
7
P
7
= 5040
(ii)
4
P
4

3
P
3
= 144
13. (a) (i)
12
P
12
= 479 001 600
(ii)
12
P
10
= 239 500 800
(iii)
2
P
2

10
P
10
= 7 257 600
(b) (i)
12
C
6
= 924
(ii)
5
C
3

4
C
2

3
C
1
= 180
14. (a) (i)
18
C
4
= 3060
(ii) Team of 2 men + Team of 3 men + Team of
4 men
=
10
C
2

8
C
2
+
10
C
3

8
C
1
+
10
C
4

8
C
0
= 1260 + 960 + 210
= 2430
(iii) Team of 110 men + Team of one man
=
10
C
0

8
C
4
+
10
C
1

8
C
3
= 70 + 560
= 630
(b) (i)
5
P
5

5
P
5
= 14 400
Two possible ways a boy or a girl in the rst
position.
(ii)
5
P
5

5
P
5
2! = 28 800
(iii)
5
P
2

8
P
8
= 806 400
15. (a) (i)
8
P
5
= 6720
(ii)
7
C
4

5
P
5
= 4200
(iii)
5
C
2

5
P
5
= 1200
(iv)
5
C
2

3
P
3

3
P
3
= 360
(b)
18
C
12

6
C
4

2
C
2
= 278 460
16. (a) (i) Consider case where the last digit is 0.
6
P
3
1 = 120
Consider case where the last digit is 2, 4
or 6.
5 5 4 3 = 300
[Note: The rst 5 does not include digit 0.]
The total number of even numbers
= 120 + 300
= 420
(ii) The number of odd numbers formed
= 5 5 4 3
= 300
4
(iii) Case 1
The rst digit used is either 4, 5 or 6 and
the second digit is 3.
The number formed = 3 1 5 4
= 60
Case 2
The rst digit used is 4, 5 or 6 and the
second digit used is 4, 5 or 6.
The number formed = 3 2 5 4
= 120
Total number formed = 60 + 120
= 180
Alternative
The total number formed
= 3 3 5 4
= 180
(b) (i)
9
C
3
= 84
(ii) 2 men + 3 men
=
5
C
2

4
C
1
+
5
C
3

4
C
0
= 40 + 10
= 50
17. (a)
10
P
3
= 720
(b) (i) 5 5 4 = 100
[Note: The rst 5 does not include digit 0.]
(ii) The sum of the digits is 9. The possible
cases are 0, 1, 8; 0, 3, 6; 1, 3, 5
For case 0, 1, 8,
the number formed = 2 2 1
= 4
For case 0, 3, 6,
the number formed = 2 2 1
= 4
For case 1, 3, 5,
the number formed = 3 2 1
= 6
Total number = 4 + 4 + 6
= 14