B.R.M. Project Report

S.K.
SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT, HNGU, PATAN Page 1

Business Research Project Report
ON
Eating Habits and Attitudes towards Morning
Breakfast Of Out Of hostelries students in Patan City

Submitted To:

Dr. Nishith Bhatt
(Faculty member of S.k school of business management)

Submitted By:

Prajapati Rachana (43)
Vadhera Rajan (56)
Patel Ashish(27)
Hemat Nakum(20)
Pandya Hiral(25)

M.B.A Batch 2013-2014
S.K. school of Business Management
H.N.G.U, Patan

S.K. SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT, HNGU, PATAN Page 2

PREFACE

Management faculties provide good wealth of knowledge regarding theoretical
principles of management and keeping in mind the well known proverb;
EXPERIENCE IS THE BEST TEACHER,
Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University has included business research
project report as a part of syllabus in M.B.A

semester 2.

This is an accepted fact that each and every work has two aspects and this
universal truth is accepted and applicable, so far as education is concerned. So,
Hemchandracharya north Gujarat University has included research report as a
part of syllabus so that every student should get practical knowledge and
information about research. This project report, on practical point of view is
very important for students because this will help them in their future for
building their carrier.


ACKNOLEDGEMENT
First of all, we express our sincere gratitude and depthless to our honorable
principal and all the faculty members of M.B.A. for allowing us to undergo the
research project report on Hosteller students attitude towards morning
breakfast and also for giving us valuable guidance concerning the project
report.
We are very glad to express our reverence to Dr Nishith Bhatt and Mrs. Gayatri
vyas, subject guide and faculty member of S. K. School of business
Management, Patan, for giving us an opportunity to carry out exclusive study
project on our topic. Their effort made it easier for us to get valuable
resources and utilization of it. We will never forget the way he taught us. We
have tried to put all the fundamentals taught by them into practice via medium
of the project.
At last but not least, we thank to all the family members of S.K. School of
business Management, who directly or indirectly helped us in the completion
of this business Research methodology Project.
We hope this report will satisfy you
Thanking you in anticipation.


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Our main objective was to have better insights about the topic, i.e. Breakfast
eating habits of out of hosteller students in Patan city, so in order to explore
the topic more, we have gathered the background information of the topic, We
have gathered cereal industry scenario and also identified global foods
consumption i.e. breakfast taken in different continents and then in India, the
breakfast thats been taken in 4 different regions.
Having the responses at hand we have analyzed the questionnaire and
revealed our findings, and also put forward the further scope of our study.
From our study following points can be concluded:
1. Most of out of home students are aware about the importance of breakfast.
2. Most of the out of home students in Patan city prefer light breakfast.
3. Students prefer college canteen to go for breakfast.
4. Tea is among the most favored beverages in out of home students breakfast
eating habits.


CONTENT

Serial no Particular Page no.
1 Introduction of the study 06
2 Business research methodology 08
3 Questionnaire Analysis 12
4 Hypothesis 25
5 Chi square 27
6 Finding 30
6.1) Finding 31
6.2)Limitations 32
6.3)Suggestions 33
6.4) Conclusion 34
6.5)Bibliography 35


Chapter 1.
Introduction of the
topic


1.1Title of the study:

A study on eating habits & attitude towards morning breakfast, among
hosteller students in Patan city , Gujarat, India

1.2Background Information about the topic:
Breakfast is the first meal taken after rising from a night's sleep, most often
eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work. Among English
speakers, "breakfast" can be used to refer to a meal composed of traditional
breakfast foods (such as eggs, oatmeal and sausage) served at any time of the
day. The word literally refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.
Breakfast foods vary widely from place to place, but often include a
carbohydrate such as grains or cereals, fruit and vegetables, a protein food
such as eggs, meat or fish, and a beverage such as tea, coffee, milk or fruit
juice, breakfast cereals, pancakes, sausages, French toast, bacon, sweetbreads,
eggs, mushrooms, muffins, crumpets and toast with butter or margarine and
jam or marmalade, so these are all common examples of breakfast foods,
though a large range of preparations and ingredients are associated with
breakfast globally.


1.3Why is it important to understand the eating habits
of
students?
A good and balanced diet is central to overall healthy living. However, diet-
related diseases have increased in the last decades and became a major public
health concern in most countries. Poor nutrition has led to a range of health
problems. There has been a rise in the availability and consumption of
unhealthy foods. Students information and responsiveness are therefore
crucial in regards to their habits of taking food especially the morning
breakfast.


Chapter 2.
Business research
methodology


2.1(a) Primary Objective:
To know eating habits & attitude towards morning breakfast, among hosteller
students in Patan city, Gujarat, India
2.1(b) Sub objectives of the Research:
To know whether out of home students take breakfast or not.
To know where do they take breakfast, in hostel, at room or somewhere
outside.
To know how often in a week do they take breakfast, whether
daily,occasionally,alternate days, or on holidays.
To know what do they take in breakfast.
To know whether they like heavy or light breakfast.
To know whether they take only liquids as breakfast like juices, milk, and
tea/coffee or with toast as well.
To know their attitude and perception about morning breakfast i.e.to know
which factor drives them towards taking breakfast, whether hunger, quality,
relation with a person, quantity, distance, their perception about health,
consciousness as to intake proteins and vitamins in morning.
To know on an average how much does they spend on breakfast as of now.
To know whether they take usual or same breakfast or they like to have
different dishes daily.
To know whether they take breakfast alone or with friends or in a group.
To identify the reasons of a person who is not taking the breakfast.
To know whether it is the distance, money, their different need, laziness
which factor affects their decision to not to have the breakfast.
To know whether they have anything in mind as regards to breakfast or any
dish in particular they are willing to have as breakfast.

To know if above factor removed or their needs satisfied, then are they ready
to have breakfast.
2.3(b) Information /Data requirement:
To fulfill the mentioned objectives we require information from those students
who are staying either in hostel or at room i.e. those who are out of home
students. As this is the more of Exploratory and Descriptive form of study we
require direct response from the respondents. This Non-Experimental form of
study, based on the responses of respondents, will be conducted through
collecting the primary data with the help of structured Questionnaires.
Through the entire process and efforts we look forward for the collection of
Quantitative data that will help in identifying the variables and relations. Thus,
the present
study is of descriptive type in nature. Hence, if we want to classify it we can say
it is Descriptive, Non-Experimental, Qualitative and Quantitative as well in
nature.
2.3(c) Sampling method and Sample size
Defining Population:
Our population consists of all the Out of home students in Patan city, and from
that too we have targeted students of the University in different fields and
students in schools, so that will form our population size.

Sampling Method: Stratified Sampling of Probability Sampling
Sample size:

To have better insights of the topic we have made the target to approach 120
respondents for effective comparison among the habits of the students and to
have better chance of them being representative of the population.
How have we Determined Sample size:
We did a basic calculation about the population size ,with the help of
secondary information i.e. through one of the Universitys Website in North
Gujarat Region i.e. HNGU,Patan.Where in we found more than 23
departments were there in University Itself and when asked for the rough idea
of no. of students those are in these departments ,we found in every
department on an average there were 50 students and among them at least
40% i.e. 20 students lived in hostel so ,we had selected 120 as our sample size
to cover students from diversified stream.
Data sources
For the present study we will collect relevant primary data with the help of
structured questionnaire. The primary data to be collected will be based on the
objectives of the study.



Q-1 Do you take morning breakfast?

Particular Parcentages Respondent
taking break fast 82 164
Not taking break fast 18 36

Interpretation:
The above graphs show that the 82% students are taking the morning
breakfast and 18% students are not taking morning breakfast.

82
18
Parcentages
taking break fast
Not taking break fast

Q-2 Why don`t you take the breakfast?
Particular Parcentage respondent
not available 22.2 8
quality issue 55.6 20
price issue 22.2 8
100 36

Interpreitation

Here,22% are not available breakfast at hostel.55% respondent has
price issue.22% have QUlity issue.

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4
0 0 0
22.2
55.6
22.2
100
Particular
Parcentage

Q-3What is your opinion about morning breakfast?

particular respondents Percentage
necessary 132 66
Not necessary 32 16
other 0 0
total 164 100

Interpretation:-
One of our objectives was to identify awareness among out of home
students
regarding breakfast, and through our analysis of findings we reach to the
conclusion that approximately 83% of the respondents are aware about
its
importance. So our hypothesis those out of home students are not
aware about
breakfast importance is rejected.

80.5
19.5
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
necessary not necessary
percentage
percentage

Q-4.where do you take breakfast?

particular respondents Percentage
hostel 78 39
hotel 9 4.5
college 4 2
canteen 67 33.5
other 6 3
total 164 100

Interpretation:-
So here we can see that most of the students are going for the breakfast
in hostel and in canteen. There are 39% of the students taking breakfast
in their hostel and 33.5% of the students taking breakfast in their
canteen.

0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
hostel hotel college canteen other
percentage
percentage

Q-5 which is theproper time of taking breakfast in your opinion?

particulars respondents Percentage
6 a.m to 7 a.m 9 4.5
7 a.m to 8 a.m 126 63
Whenever one
whishes
20 9
Other 9 4.5
total 164 100

Interpretation:-
Majority of students i.e. 63 % consider 7 am to 8 am as an ideal time to
take breakfast. While 9% respondents have agreed that breakfast can
be consumed whenever one wishes to take it which depends on their
mood.

0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
6 a.m to 7
a.m
7 a.m to 8
a.m
whenever
one wishes
other
percentage
percentage

Q-6 Does your college timing affect your decision to take breakfast or
not?

particuler percentage respondent
yes 35.4 58
no 44.5 73
some time 20.1 33
total 100.0 164

Interpretation:-
Here we are getting 73% of the students have not affecting the college
timing for the breakfast and 58% of the students have affecting the
college timing.

35.4
44.5
20.1
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
yes no some time
percentage
percentage

Q-7 What do you think, does breakfast?

particular respondents percentage
increase
efficiency 133 66.5
makes you lazy 31 15.5
other 0 0
total 164 100

Interpretation:-
79 % of the respondent agreed to the point that, breakfast increases
efficiency in work that means when it comes to taking breakfast, so there
is positive perception about breakfast.

81.1
18.9
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0
increase efficiency
makes you lazy
percentage
percentage

Q-8 Do you like heavy breakfast or Light breakfast?

particulars percentage respondent
heavy 60 99
light 40 65
total 100 164

Interpretation:-

69% of the respondent preferred to have light breakfast by concerning
the health factor. While other 31% prefer to have heavy breakfast
depends on their hunger.

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
heavy light
percentage
percentage

Table 9.do you bring the snacks from your home?

particular percentage respondent
yes 77.43902439 127
no 22.56097561 37
total 100 164

Interpretation:

77% of the students are bringing breakfast from their home and 23% of
the students are not bringing breakfast from their home.

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
yes no
percentage
percentage

Q-10 do you take any beverage with breakfast?

particular percentage respondents
tea 73.17073171 120
coffee 12.80487805 21
milk 14.02439024 23
total 100 164

Interpretation:-

73% of the respondents are taking tea with the breakfast , 14% of the
respondents are taking milk and 12% of the respondent are taking coffee
in the morning breakfast.

percentage
tea
coffee
milk

Q-11 if tea ,which type of tea would you like?

Particular Parcentages Respondents
Ginger Tea 11.6 19
Black Tea 8.5 14
Masala Tea 25.0 41
Elaichi Tea 26.2 43
Simple Tea 1.8 3
Total 100.0 164

Interpretation:-
19% has take gigre tea
43% take Elaichi tea
14% take Black tea

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0
Ginger Tea
Black Tea
Masala Tea
Elaichi Tea
Simple Tea
Parcentages
Parcentages

Q-13 which is your favorite dish in breakfast?
pauva 21 35
biscuits 26 42
namkin 13 21
bread butter 14 23
khari 14 23
idli sambhar 4 6
upma 4 6
dhosa 5 8
total 100 164

Interpretation:-
26% of the students favorite breakfast is biscuit. And then 21% of the
students favorite breakfast is pauva.

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
percentage
percentage

Q14.which tea center is popular?

Particular percentage Respondent
murali tea center 49 80
mansi tea center 34 55
mahakali tea
center 16 26
Other 2 3
Total 100 164

Interpretation
80% respontd like to take Murali tea center
11% respontd like to take Mahakali tea center
9% respontd like to take Mansi tea center

percentage
murali tea center
mansi tea center
mahakali tea center
other

Q-15 do you bring the snacks from your home?

yes 77.43902439 127
no 22.56097561 37
total 100 164

Interpretation:


0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
yes no
percentage
percentage

Q-16 How much do you spend daily for breakfast?
particuler percentage respodent
below 10 13.41 22
10rs to 20 rs 36.59 60
20 rs to 30 rs 24.39 40
above 30 rs 26.83 44
total 100.00 164

Interpretation:


0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
below 10 10rs to 20
rs
20 rs to 30
rs
above 30 rs
13.41
36.59
24.39
26.83
percentage
percentage

Q17-you get any kind of discount or credit facility at hotel or out of
hostel for breakfast?
below 10 13.41 22
10rs to 20 rs 36.59 60
20 rs to 30 rs 24.39 40
above 30 rs 26.83 44
total 100.00 164

Interpretation:
36 respondent get discount facilities
128 not get discount facility

0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
below 10 10rs to 20
rs
20 rs to 30
rs
above 30 rs
13.41
36.59
24.39
26.83
percentage
percentage

Q-18 With whom do you take breakfast?
alon 13.41 22
friends 85.37 140
bf & gf 1.22 2
total 100 164

Interpretation:
22% take alone
140 take with friends

13.41
85.37
1.22
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00
alon
friends
bf & gf
percentage
percentage

Q-19 .male and female

male 54 108
female 46 92
total 100 200

Interpretation:-

There are 108 male
& 92 female

42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
male female
percentage
percentage

HYPOTHESIS TESTING USING Z TEST

Q-1.Do you take morning breakfast?
Yes No

Null hypothesis: 83% would prefer to take morning breakfast.
Alternative hypothesis:83% would not prefer to take morning breakfast.

Here, pHo=0.90
qHo=0.10
n=164
significance level=0.05
standard error p = (pq/ n)1/2
=(0.1411/164)
=.02933


P1=164/200
=0.82
Z = P1 - pHo
p
= 0.82 0.83
0.02933
= -0.3341

-1.96 +1.96 -0.3341

CHI-SQUARE GOODNESS-OF-FIT TEST:
The chi-square goodness-of-fit test is used to analyze the distribution of
frequencies for categories of one variable, such as age or number of bank
arrivals, to determine whether the distribution of these frequencies is the
same as some hypothesized or expected distribution. However, the goodness
of fit test cannot be used to analysis two variables simultaneously. A different
chi-square test of independence can be used to analyze the frequencies of two
variables with multiple categories to determine whether the two variables are
independent.
Is there association between Preference and Rank:-

rank 1 rank 2 rank 3 rank 4 total
price 86 48 30 0 164
quality 50 70 44 0 164
place 16 27 41 80 164
distance 12 19 49 84 164
total 164 164 164 164 656


a. Step1: the hypotheses follow:
i. Ho: preference level of respondents is independent related to rank
ii. Ho: preference level of respondents is not independent related to rank
fo fe
( )

86 41 49.39
48 41 1.10
30 41 2.95
0 41 41
50 41 1.98
70 41 20.51
44 41 0.22
0 41 41
16 41 15.24
27 41 4.78
41 41 0
80 41 37.10
12 41 20.51
19 41 11.80
49 41 1.56
84 41 45.1

a. Step 2: the appropriate statistical test is: _2=_(fo-fe)2/fe
b. Step 3: the alpha is 0.05
degree of freedom=(4-1)(4-1)
=33
=9
Standard chi-square is 16.919.
The chi-square statistic is 294.38. The P-Value is < 0.00001. The result
is significant at p < 0.05.


Hypothesis Analysis and Interpretation:
H0: (Out of home students dont take morning breakfast.)
Here in our finding s more than 51% students have put forward that they do
take breakfast therefore we reject our null hypothesis and accept alternate
hypothesis that most of the out of home students do take morning breakfast.
H0: (Out of home Students are still not aware about the importance of
morning breakfast) Through our analysis of findings we reach to the conclusion
that 83% of the respondents are aware about its importance. So our
hypothesis that out of home students are not aware about breakfast
importance is rejected.
H0: (Out of home students Students only take beverages as morning breakfast
and in that too Tea is often preferred most of the time)
As far as beverages are concerned 71% take tea, 17% milk and the trend is
clear that hardly students take any mock tails or juices, so here our null
hypothesis is accepted.


Chapter 5
Finding
& Suggestions


Analysis and Findings comparison with objectives:
Our objective was to know whether out of home students take breakfast or
not and we found that 51 % of the students take regular breakfast , 22%
sometimes and only 17 % of the total respondent dont take breakfast ,that
means majority of students do take breakfast.
Our objective was to know where do they take breakfast, in hostel, at room
or somewhere outside, so through our study we found that 47% take breakfast
at canteen ,22% Hostel ,24 % at home.
Our objective was to know how often in a week do they take breakfast,
whether daily, occasionally, alternate days, or on holidays and we found that
46% of the respondents take the breakfast daily and 42 % occasionally, while
the remaining 12% on alternate days.
Our objective was to know what do they take in breakfast, among out of
home students is concerned traditional food of the region dominated the list,
i.e. 20% claim to like Poha, 42% Tea Biscuits, 14% Bread Butter.
Our objective was to know whether they like heavy breakfast or light and we
found 69% of the respondent preferred to have light breakfast.
As far as favourite dish among out of home students is concerned traditional
food of the region dominated the list, i.e. 27% claim to like Poha, 24% bread
butter, 23% Milk biscuits.
As far as eating habits are concerned 67% of the respondents take breakfast
with friends and in a group.
Recommendations:
1. We recommend to our University Departments Concerned authority to
ensure that the timing of college should be made such, that students can
follow their days food schedule, as in our study we found 23% of the students
have reported that their college timings affect their breakfast taking decisions.

2. Secondly, 17 % of the students who do not take breakfast is because in
hostel they are served lunch at 11:00 a.m., so they feel if we have to take lunch
early, thenhow can we have breakfast, thats why they only prefer tea in
morning .So here we recommend, that hostel food timings need to be made
more flexible, so that students can have a healthy meal thrice a day.
3. Also, we recommend that in our University tender offerings for canteens in
college, a compulsory clause to provide morning breakfast has to be included,
so that our students can have better chance to select quality foods.
4. We recommend that a readymade schedule or a dietary plan on admission
in hostel in initial days need to be given to students, the way students are
given the entire study plan for year, the same need to be done in spreading the
awareness about breakfasts importance, because almost all the research
shows that there is direct relationship between efficiency in work and
breakfast intake.
Conclusion:
1. Through our findings and study of the topic i.e. Breakfast eating Habits
among out of home students ,we conclude that although students are taking
light breakfast ,but 80% of them are aware about its importance and they
agree to the point that breakfast increases efficiency in work ,however they
dont take healthy breakfast is because of the following factors :Quality Issue
,Hostel Timings, Lack of availability.
2. We also conclude through our study ,that students prefer more traditional
foods ,i.e. their area of living affects their choice, for e.g. through our question
which is your favorite dish ,we found that almost 50 % unanimously said Pau-
Bataka, Bhakhri, Tea-Bhakri, Khakhra.
3. We also conclude that there is a demand supply gap, and with proper value
proposition one can trade off between supply and volume, as 70% respondents

were willing to spend on breakfast i.e.20-30rs, provided quality homemade
food is served.
4. We conclude that this study made us aware about the importance of
breakfast and it also revealed thousands of the different varieties of food
thats been taken worldwide in different continents. Lastly we reach to the
conclusion that out of home students really face problem when it comes to
taking breakfast and food, though they are willing to spend necessary bucks
but still their demands lie unfulfilled so there is a potential opportunity for an
food serving person to fill this gap.


Suggestions
Here, after analysis of the study we conclude that
Hostelised students face problem while take breakfast
32% students have price issue regarding breakfast
60% students affected with college timing problems.
At hostels breakfast time is not meet at college time
Students have faced also the quality problems.

So, we can suggest that...
College time should meet at point of hostel time.
Hostel breakfast quality issue can be reducing.

BI BLI OGRAPHY

Books referred:
Levin, Richard, David S. Rub
Statistics for management, (7th edition)
PHI Pvt. Ltd (2004), New Delhi
MARKETING RESEARCH
By david j. luck
By Ronald s. rubin
By naresh malhotra
History source:
www.Scibd.com
Methods of the Reserch
Refer for Pre plan of project

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SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT, HNGU, PATAN Page 1

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