Mekanika Batuan

2
Si to I smanti , S.T. , M. Eng.
SIFAT TEKNIS BATUAN
Terdiri dari index properties, hubungan antar parameter, porositas dan
permeabilitas serta strength dan durability.
Manfaat yang diharapkan adalah mahasiswa mengerti dan tahu parameter
apa saja yang termasuk dalam sifat teknis batuan. Selain itu juga bagaimana
cara menetukan parameter tersebut dan kegunaanya dalam karakterisasi
batuan.
Materi ini akan dipakai dalam membahas klasifikasi massa batuan.
LO: mampu menentukan sifat teknis batuan.
Sifat Teknis Batuan (Ingat Mektan I)
Porosity identifies the relative proportion of solids and voids.
Density (unit weight) adds information about the mineralogical or
grain constituents.
Sonic velocity together with a petrographic description evaluate
the degree of fissuring.
Permeability evaluates the relative interconnection of the pores.
Durability indicates the tendency for eventual breakdown of
components or structures, with degradation of rock quality.
Strength determines the present competency of the rock fabric to
bind the components together
Index properties of rock
Name Equation Description
Void Ratio
Ratio of the void volume to the
solid volume.
Porosity
Percent of the total volume that
is taken up by the void.
Degree of Saturation
Percent of the void that is taken
up by the water.
Water Content
Percent of the weight of water
to the weight of solids.
Unit Weight
Total density of the rock.
Includes solids and the
void.
Dry Unit Weight
Density of the rock when it is
completely dried out.
Unit Mass, Dry Unit Mass
Density of the rock and the dry
density of the rock.
Specific Gravity of Solids
Ratio of the density of solids to
the density of water.
Note:
e 1
Gs

w
d
+
=
s
s
G 1
G
n
w
w
+
=
( ) w + = 1
d
Hubungan antar parameter
( ) n Gs = 1 .
w d
(
s
u
m
b
e
r
:

G
o
o
d
m
a
n
,

1
9
8
0
)
(
s
u
m
b
e
r
:

G
o
o
d
m
a
n
,

1
9
8
0
)
Permeability
Mengikuti hukum Darcy
dh . . . 2
) / ln(
1 2
L
R R q.
k
t
=
A
dx
k
dh
q
x
=
Radial permeability test
k= permeability koef.
q= vol. rate of flow.
L= length of specimen.
R2= outer radii of specimen.
R1= inner radii of speimen.
dh= head diff.
(
s
u
m
b
e
r
:

G
o
o
d
m
a
n
,

1
9
8
0
)
Strength
The point load strength (Broch & Franklin, 1972):
) 50 (
. 24
s u
I q =
Specimen: drill core with length at least 1.4 x diameter.
Point load index is reported as the point load strength of a 50 mm core.
P= load at rupture.
D= distance between the point loads.
2
D
P
I
s
=
Correlation I
s
with q
u
:
Slaking & Durability
(sumber: Goodman, 1980)
Sonic Velocity as index to degree of
fissuring
V*
l
= longitudinal wave velocity in the rock.
V
l
= longitudinal wave velocity in the mineral.
(sumber: Goodman, 1980)
Quality index, IQ (%):
% 100
*
x
V
V
IQ
l
l
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
(%) 6 . 1 100 n IQ =
(sumber: Goodman, 1980)
Soal:
Suatu batuan diketahui mempunyai angka pori 0,136 dan
specific gravity 3,1. Uji brasilien menggunakan sampel
berdiameter 50 mm diperoleh gaya maksimum hingga runtuh
sebesar 30 kN. Hitung: dry density; kadar air, quality index;
point load strength index dan unconfined compressive
strength.