Kaplan turbine

AIM F THE EXPERIMENT :Determination of overall efficiency unit powe ,unit discgarge and unit speed of
a Kaplan turbine .
REQUIREMENTS :
I)Kaplan turbine test rig
ii)Tachometer
THEORY :The input of a Kaplan turbine is the power given by water . the discharge through a
venturimeter is given by
Q =
Net power supplied at the turbine entrance
Input (Pi) =WQH/75 HP
5o = output /input x100











Where W = specific weight of water
Q = discharge






Unit power is the power developed by the turbine under a head of one meter .
Mathematically unit power (Pu) =
Unit speed of a turbine is the speed under a head of one meter.
Mathematically unit speed
Mathematically Unit discharge ..
THE TEST RIG :The Kaplan turbine test rig consists of a centrifugal pump that gives required head to the
turbine . The pipe , which connectsbpump outlet and turbine inlet , is provided with suice valve and a
flow measuring venturimeter or orifice meter along with the manometer .The turbine consists of a cast
iron body with a volute casing, an axial flow gunmetal runner with adjustable vanes , a ring of
adjustable guide vanes and a draft tube . the runner consists of four numbers of adjustable vanes of
aerofoil section .These vanes can be adjusted by means of a regulator , which changes the inle and
outlet angles of the runner vanes to suit the operating conditions .The marking at the outer end of the
shaft indicates the amount of opening the vanes. The guide vanes can be rotated about their axis by
means of a hand wheel and a pair of dummy guide vanes fixed outside the turbine casing indicates
their position .A rope brake drum is mounted on the turbine shaft to absorb the power developed
.Suitable dead weights and a hanger arrangement , a spring balance and cooling arrangement are
provided for the brake drum .The flow through the pipeline into the turbine is measured with the
venturimeter or orificemeter fitted in the pipeline . A mercury manometer is used to measure the
pressure difference across the venturimeter or orifice meter .The net pressure difference across the
turbine inlet and exit is measured with the pressure gauge and a vacuum gauge . A tachometer is used
to measure the speed .
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION :
A)Turbine
i)rated head =
ii)Normal speed =
iii)Brake drum diameter =
iv)Rope diameter =
B)Pump set
I)Rated head =
ii)Normal speed =
iii)Pressure developed =
iv)Type =
C)Flow measuring unit
i)Size =
ii)Area ratio =
iii)Inlet area =
iv)Outlet area =
v)Meter constant =
PROCEDURE :Close the sluice valve .Prime the pump.Keep the guide vane and runner at 3/8opening
.Note whether all the joints are watertight and leak proof . Start the motor and run the pump.Open the
sluice valve slowly.Open the cock fitted to the pressure gauge and see the pump develops the rated
head . Note the manometer . Note the readings of pressure gauge and vacuum gauge . Measure the
turbine and take the spring balance reading .Repeat the same for various and different openings of
guide vanes .Calculate the parameters . Plot the curves..
OBSERVATIONS :






















PRECAUTIONS :
I)Operate the turbine within its designed specification.
ii)Do not overload it .
iii)Lubricate all the bearings at a particular interval.