UNITATEA 6:

DOES ALTRUISM EXIST ? (Part 2).

La sfritul acestui curs, studentul va putea:
s# elaboreze n limba englez# asupra conceptului de altruism
s# exerseze utilizarea verbelor modale la diferite timpuri




Cunotin&e privind semnifica&iile verbelor modale






Engleza pentru admitere, Banta, Andrei, Ed. Teora, Bucureti, 1995, vol. 1;
Practise Your Tenses, Adamson, Donald, Longman, 1996;
Exerciii de gramatica limbii engleze, G#l#&eanu-Frnoag#, Georgiana, Editura
Albatros, Bucureti, 1987






Dou# ore







!"#!"$%&'(



Match the jumbled phrases to restore the proverbs:
No news is Is lost.
Out of sight, Without fire
All that glitters Grow fonder.
Where there is a will Leap.
Look before you Before the horse.
When in Rome Sorry.
Make hay while Out of mind.
Dont put the cart Good news.
You cant have your cake and The best teacher.
Better safe than Is not gold.
Experience is Run deep.
The more you have, Eat it.
Theres no smoke The more you want.
Absence makes the heart There is a way.
Still waters While the sun shines.
He who hesitates. Do as the Romans do.

*"$%&'(

Text, p.302, Social Psychology (Part 2).

LANGUAGE FOCUS


New Vocabulary: to state, to assert, to affirm, to insist, to maintain, to claim; Out of
sight, out of mind.; sympathy; puzzle (verb & noun), puzzled; proposition, to
propose, proposal; so long (leave-taking formula).
!$+,&+"
Give suitable leave-taking formulas for the following contexts (mind the formal and
informal ways of addressing to people).
Youve been talking to a Professor at the University; youre in a hurry
because you have an appointment and youre leaving.
Youre in another room in the students hostel; its late at night, and you
want to go to your own room.
You need to leave the auditorium earlier than you should, and you have
to apologize for that and to say good-bye to your peers (fellow students).


GRAMMAR FOCUS

Expressing possibility and probability

MAY Perhaps, very possible John may be back tomorrow.
MIGHT Slight possibility They might come here for
Christmas this year.
MAY/MIGHT +
Present Infinitive
Possibility in the present
or future
He may/might visit his parents
next summer.
MAY/MIGHT +
Perfect Infinitive
In speculations about past
actions
She may/might have gone on a
trip to Ireland.
COULD possibility Frank could still be in the library
. He is a bookworm.
COULD BE As an alternative of
MAY/MIGHT BE
I wonder the cat is. It
may/might/could be in the
kitchen with its paw in the fish
bowl.
CAN possibility I cant plunge in the swimming
pool. There isnt enough water in
it.
CAN Occasional possibility Scarlet fever can be quite
dangerous.
CANT It does not seem
possible./I dont think.
You have rested a lot lately. You
cant be weary.
MUST It is almost certain./I
think.
He looks cross. He must have
problems at home.


Practice

1.Abstract picture.
What May Be?
Might
Could
Can

2.Invisible object.
Drawing in the air an object and then guessing what it:
May/
Might/
Can/
Could be.

3.Rearrange the lines of the poem Death Sweet, by Thomas Lovell Beddoes, in a
logical order, to reconstruct the poem:




JUMBLED LINES No./LOGICAL ORDER
A. . Getting a length beyond our tedious selves;
B. Is it not sweet to die ? for, what is death, 1.
C. Spilling our woes, crushing our frozen hopes,
D. Then, if the body felt, what were its sense;
E. But sighing that we neer may sigh again,
F. But trampling the last tear from poisonous sorrow,
G. Turning to daisies gently in the grave,
H. In love and the enamelled flower of song ?
I. And passing like an incense out of man ?
J. If not the souls most delicate delight
K. When it does filtrate, through the pores of thought,




Insert numbers under the heading No./LOGICAL ORDER. The first line has
been already identified for you, as an example. You may get several logically valid
ways of reconstructing the poem. This may mean that you have your own poetic
skills and outlook, id est (=that is), you are creative yourself. However, you may find
out the order of the lines of the poem, as the poet himself imagined them from the
table below.



A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K.
3. 1. 5. 7. 2. 4. 8. 11. 6. 9. 10.




Altruism, sympathy





Match the concept to the right definition:

1. Power
2. Coercion
3. Authority
4. Traditional authority
5. Charismatic authority
6. Rational-legal authority
7. Influence

a. Exercise of power through force or threat of force
b. Authority based on submission to a set of rationally established rules
c. Authority based on sanctity of time-honoured routines
d. Ability to get others to act as one wishes in spite of their resistance; includes
coercion and authority
e. Not power, but ability to persuade others to change their decisions
f. Authority based on extraordinary characteristics of leader
g. Power supported by norms and values




1 d
2 a
3 - g
4 c
5 f
6 b
7 - e





Revise general vocabulary and tenses:

1.Cross the odd-pronunciation word (its pronunciation is different from that of
the other three words) out:
a.tear; b.care; c.beer; d.bear.
2. Cross the odd-pronunciation word out:
a.calf; b.half; c.scarf; d.cart.

Choose the right answer (only one answer is the right one):
3.Please, go and buy two.
a.breads, b.loafs of, c.loaves of, d.kilos of.
4.Id like a .
a.soap, b.tin of soap, c.soaps, d.bar of.
5.Pollution has determined strange..all over the planet.
a.phenomena, b.phenomenons, c.phenomeni, d.phenomenas.
6.Throughout the experiment, some guinea pigs are exposed to various types
of.
a.stimulus, b.stimuluses, c.stimuli, d.stimula.
7.The scientists noticed a ..of side effects that followed the treatment.
a.serie, b.series, c.seria, d.serieses.

8.She is feeling.than yesterday.
a.good, b.bad, c.ill, d.worse.
9.You should be..while crossing the road.
a.most careful, b.more careful, c.carefully, d.more carefully.

10.The scientist.the solution to the problem.
a.know, b.knowing, c.is know, d.knows.
11.Susan..to the disco tonight.
a.go, b.is going, c.has gone, d.went.
12.It a lot last night.
a.rain, b.will rain, c.has rained, d.rained.
13.When he came in, Ion the phone.
a.was talking, b.were talking, c.talked, d.am talking.
14.Heres my essay. I .it at last.
a.has finished, b.have finished, c.had finished, d.finished.
15.We havent seen this movie
a.just, b.already, c.never, d.yet.
16.She. English for five years.
a.have study, b.studied, c.has been studying, d.will study.
17.Mary was sighing because she .a lot of trouble with her children.
a.had had, b.has had, c.is having, d.has.
18.Theya new supermarket downtown.
a.open, b.are open, c.will open, d.shall open.

19you control your heartbeat with your mind ?
a.may, b.can, c.should, d.must.
20.I go to the dentist.
a.am allowed, b.am able, c.must, d.would.