BROADBAND FOR SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT
By
Gagan Goel,
Dy.Manager (Electrical)


IFFCO AONLA UNIT,
BAREILLY
Broadband- Broad Definition
Generally, Broadband describes
high speed, high capacity data
communication making use of
DSL, Cable Modem, Ethernet,
Fixed Wireless Access, Optical
Fiber, W-LAN, V-SAT etc.
There is no specific international
definition for the Broadband
though there is a common
understanding among developed
and developing countries that it
should be more than 2MBPS.
Broadband in India
As per Broadband Policy 2004 & GoI
notification dated 18/07/2013, Broadband in
India is defined as:
Broadband is an Always-On data
connection that is able to support
interactive services including Internet
access and has the capability of the
minimum download speed of 512
kbps to an individual subscriber from
the point of presence (POP) of the
service provider intending to provide
Broadband service.
In INDIA, Total Broadband (> 512 Kbps)
subscription is 58.00 million at the end of
February, 2014. Out of which, wired
broadband subscription is 14.80 million and
wireless broadband subscription is 43.20
million.
BROADBAND applications
5
Broadband is used for
various applications
like E-Mail, Education,
Entertainment, Chat & E-
commerce.
In rural areas e-
governance , e-health, e-
education, e-agriculture
applications will require
huge bandwidth, as
bandwidth requirement
is inversely proportional
to literacy level.
Purpose of Broadband %
E-Mail 91%
General Information Search 76%
Educational Information Search 49%
Text Chat 46%
Online Gaming 41%
Online Jobsites 37%
Music/ Video on Internet 32%
Financial Information Search 21%
Book railway ticket on Internet 21%
Online Banking 20%
Online NEWS 13%
Internet Telephony/ Video chat 13%
Emerging Broadband Services
6
High speed Internet access (death of World-Wide-Wait) Still the
killer application for Broadband in India

Video-On Demand, Interactive TV, IPTV, Time Shifted TV,
Videoconferencing (Multimedia over Broadband)

Triple Play (data, voice, video) By UASP

IP-VPN (low cost connectivity) By UASP/NLDO

VOIP (permitted only for UASPs)

Interactive Gaming (future killer application)

4 es (e-Governance, e-Learning, e-Health, e-Commerce)
(i) Broadband over copper loop Digital Subscriber Loop (DSL)
TV
[video]
Phone
[voice]
PC
[data]
LEX
(Local
Exchange)
DSLAM
CDN
Internet
Content Delivery Network
Twisted Pair
Copper Loop
Local PSTN
Exchange
DSL Modem
Customer
Premises
Digital Subscriber Line
Access Multiplexer
1. WIRELINE TECHNOLOGIES
Technology Alternatives for Wireline
Broadband
DSL Technology Options
Family ITU Name Ratified Maximum
Speed
capabilities
ADSL G.992.1 G.dmt 1999 7 Mbps down
800 kbps up
ADSL2 G.992.3 G.dmt.bis 2002 8 Mb/s down
1 Mbps up
ADSL2plus G.992.5 ADSL2plus 2003 24 Mbps down
1 Mbps up
ADSL2-RE G.992.3 Reach
Extended
2003 8 Mbps down
1 Mbps up
SHDSL
(updated 2003)
G.991.2 G.SHDSL 2003 5.6 Mbps up/down
VDSL G.993.1 Very-high-data-
rate DSL
2004 55 Mbps down
15 Mbps up
VDSL2 -12 MHz
long reach
G.993.2 Very-high-data-
rate DSL 2
2005 55 Mbps down
30 Mbps up
VDSL2 - 30 MHz
Short reach
G.993.2 Very-high-data-
rate DSL 2
2005 100 Mbps
up/down
Market Status of DSL Technology
DSL is the #1 Broadband Choice in the World with
over 65% marketshare and more than 200 million
users
DSL is available in every region of the world, and
ADSL owns the majority of the market though VDSL
and ADSL2plus are gaining ground
DSL is capable of providing up to 100 Mbp, and
supports voice, video and data.
(ii) Cable TV Networks for broadband access
Broadband over cable TV accounts for 74% of total connections in US,
and 55% in Canada. Speed upto 20 mbps.
55 million cable homes in India, but infrastructure can not support bi-
directional communication and requires upgrade which is costly
Regulatory environment via Unified License of Digital Addressable
CATV, allows this with few operators already doing so.
To start with Cable TV network which is uni-directional can be used for
downloading, the uplink to be conventional narrow band like dialup/
ISDN/ RADIO
Home
Terminal
Cable
Modem
TV
PC
Internet
CATV
Network

iii) Fibre Optic Cable Technologies
Fiber To The Home (FTTH) Fibre in last mile to deliver
converged services 100 MBPS
Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC) by Cable TV operators
GPON (Gigabit - Passive Optical Network) triple play over TDM
(No limitation of distance or throughput speeds)
(up to 2.5 Gbps downstream rate and a greater distance from a
central office (20 to 40 kilometers) Government of India has
approved the setting up of National Optical Fiber Network (NOFN)
on 25/10/211 through a new PSU BBNL to provide connectivity to
2,50,000 Gram Panchayats.

Use of existing domestic
power connections for
sending data
Throughput in the range of 1
MHz (4 6 Mbps)
Ideal for rural areas where
telecom / cable TV
infrastructure may not be
there
IIIT Allahabad has
undertaken a project in co-
operation with Corinex
Communications Canada to
implement a prototype of BPL
for University campus and
nearby villages.
iv) Broadband over Powerline (BPL)
Technologies
2. WIRELESS/MOBILE BROADBAND
TECHNOLOGY Trends
In year 2000, 189 countries came together to
discuss global challenges facing us.
They came up with 8 Millennium Development
Goals to be achieved by 2015.
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
Broadband Commission for Digital
Development
In May 2010, ITU and UNESCO, got concerned about
the time lines of implementing MDGs.

5 years only to 2015.

Will all the countries have delivered on their promises?

This led to the formation of Broadband commission for
Digital Development.

How to speed MDG Realization

Broadband is the
answer!
Embrace a common leadership vision that
has profound implications for the
accelerated achievement of the millennium
Development Goals (MDGs) by the
internationally-agreed deadline of 2015
Broadband Inclusion for All


New York, September 19, 2010

MDG 1: Reducing poverty in the Information Age
CALL IT INFORMATION POVERTY:
1.4 billion people still lived on USD 1.25 or less per day.
10 million people still die annually of hunger
Present trends in rising food prices and the global economic crisis have
pushed at least 90 million more back into poverty
Due to unavailability of data communication infrastructure, individuals
and communities denied access to knowhow or market price data to
sell their produce which can reduce poverty.
Broadband impact on Economy
20
20
Source: World Bank
The World Bank (2009)
estimates that every 10%
increase in access to
broadband results in
1.38% growth in Gross
Domestic Product (GDP)
for developing countries. In
India, broadband has
already generated nearly 9
million direct and indirect
jobs.
MDG 2: Seventy million children still in need of UPE
70 million children do not enjoy a
primary school education.
Broadband networks can deliver
education interactivity & economically.
Online education is easing the
resource bottleneck in training
teachers;
To meet MDG-2, additional teachers
is being trained online in African
Countries.
In India, Governments and NGOs are
providing schools with PCs and
Internet connectivity to foster primary
education.
GOI is also focusing on National
Knowledge Network for connecting
colleges and universities to high
speed Internet.
E-learning

MDG 3: Can broadband empower women?
Poverty is not just a devastating problem worldwide, it is also a disempowering
one.
Women are disproportionately represented in vulnerable or insecure
employment.
Its here that telecoms and in the future, broadband could be one critical tool
in empowerment, as one towering role model shows: the GRAMEEN social
business concept in Bangladesh. 400,000 village entrepreneurs the vast
majority of whom are so-called Village Phone Ladies have been created
through this initiative.
Closing the mobile gender gap and bringing 600 million more women
online could increase global GDP by $13-18 billion.
MDG 4: Child health broadbands most important challenge?
Bringing child mortality down by two-thirds
from 1990 to 2015 is the focus of the UNs 4
th

MDG.
Major causes of child mortality malnutrition,
pneumonia, malaria, diarrhea, measles,
HIV/AIDS, tetanus remain treatable, but
communities lack resources & knowledge to
treat them.
WHO estimated a worldwide shortage of
4.3 million medical professionals
TELEMEDICINE : Only one computer, a
scanner & a camera can transform into a
hospital but the biggest need is broadband,
which would allow doctors to share
images and diagnose patients hundreds
of miles away using video-conferencing.
Kenya and Rwanda, are already beginning to
prioritize broadband as a platform for future
health service delivery.
MDG 5: maternal health
In Africa and South Asia, under half of all births
are attended by a midwife & complications during
pregnancy and childbirth remain the most
frequent cause of death for women.
Lack of access to health services is particularly
acute for women in remote rural areas.
High-speed Internet enables health workers
outside major centres to receive quality
training and exchange experiences and
information through video-conferencing,
interactive discussion forums
Nigeria is linking 40 health centres to provide
midwives with live training via video-conferencing.
Broadband services can give women easier
access to information on family planning, hygiene
and other reproductive health issues.
Rwanda, in 2009 spectacularly cut the annual
maternal death toll from 2,875 to 224, is in no
doubt about the health benefits of broadband.
MDG 6: Combatting HIV/AIDS, malaria and other
diseases
HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB) and
malaria kill more than four
million people every year, while 1
billion people suffer from
elephantiasis.
Success in combating these
diseases often rests on persuading
people to take simple low-tech
preventive measures, such as using
condoms or insecticide-treated
bednets.
Personalized risk assessments for HIV/AIDS through interactive online programs. Many
people may find it easier to answer questions posed by a computer than talk face to face
about sensitive subjects like sex;
Interactive online training and refresher courses for health workers, including video
conferencing;
Using images from Indias remote sensing satellites, the Malaria Research Centre in New
Delhi mapped areas where a particular malaria-carrying mosquito was likely to be found,
based on breeding and lifecycle patterns. These areas could then be targeted for control
measures.
MDG 7: Using broadband to ensure environmental
sustainability
The MDG on ensuring environmental sustainability spans a wide range of
targets, from the provision of safe drinking water and basic sanitation facilities
to reducing biodiversity loss and improving the lives of slum dwellers.
Combined with GPS-enabled mobile phones, they can support emergency
communications and medical assistance when disaster strikes.
Broadband-powered GPS-based applications can also help monitor
environmental abuses in real-time, such as illegal logging or ships illegally
washing out their tankers at sea (according to technology developed by the
firm Astrium), and transmit that information to regulatory authorities and
advocacy groups.
Internet and broadband can help in reducing emissions by 25 percent as
people can use mobile, teleconferencing and telecommuting and e-
commerce facilities. All these will help in saving lot of CO2 emissions.
MDG 8: Broadband empowers partnerships for development
Millennium Development Goal 8 on partnerships for development includes a specific target on
extending the benefits of new technologies, including information and communication
technologies (ICTs), in cooperation with the private sector. While the phenomenal growth of
mobile telephony in the developing world has transformed access to basic connectivity, the
digital divide remains enormous, especially where the Internet and broadband are concerned.
While a quarter of the worlds population now uses the Internet, in the very poorest countries, that
proportion is just two per cent. The ITUs Connect the World campaign aims to narrow the
digital divide by connecting all communities by 2015, the MDG target date, and by
ensuring half the worlds population has access to broadband services. In developing
countries, and more remote areas of industrialized nations, this is likely to be achieved largely
through new wireless mobile broadband technologies such as WiMAX, which already serves over
twenty low- and middle-income countries.
Broadband networks can also help with other targets within MDG 8, such as addressing
the special needs of landlocked and small island developing countries.
Similarly, distance working or teleworking enabled by broadband can help in advancing another
MDG 8 target, to develop strategies for decent and productive work for youth. However, the
greatest contribution of broadband towards achieving the MDGs may be its catalytic role in
empowering people by giving them both knowledge and a voice in the public arena.

Final Remark
The benefits of new technologies, especially ICTs, should be
made available by government in cooperation with the private
sector to meet the objectives of MDG in the country.
Broadband networks may even pay for themselves, due to
savings made in delivering services. In Australia, for example, it
has been estimated that cost savings in healthcare alone could
pay for the countrys National Broadband Network twice over.
For developing countries, the solution is likely to be found in
mobile broadband using a mobile phone, of which there are
now some five billion worldwide, to connect to the information
society. By improving education, medical services, trade and
more, broadband Internet access can make a tremendous
difference. High-speed networks can lead to high-speed growth.
THANK YOU