"Iamthemasterof

myemotions..."
Issuesrelatingtoteaching
thelanguageofemotions
toindividualswithautism

AndyBondy,Ph.D.

Bondy
I am the master of my emotions
Copyright, 2010, by Pyramid Educational Consultants 1
Whatstheproblem?
Peoplewithautismoftenhavedifficulty:
Expressingtheiremotions
E i th i f li Expressingtheirfeelings
Describingwhattheyarethinking
Usingthesubtlelanguageofemotion
Respondingtothesubtlelanguageofemotion
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Howdowelearntotalkabout
feelingsandemotions?
Simpleanddirect
Mykneehurts
More complex Morecomplex
Imhappy;Ilikethis!
Morecomplexandsubtle
Iloveyouforwhoyouare
ALLAREPRIVATEEVENTS
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happy sad excited
Howgoodareweat
readingemotionalexpressions?
surprised scared angry
proud I dont feel good
Fromwww.do2learn.com
Copyright

Do2Learn
3
Bondy
I am the master of my emotions
Copyright, 2010, by Pyramid Educational Consultants 2
SkinnersInfluence
1957publicationofVerbalBehavior
DefinedwhatissaidbyfunctionNOTform
Mand Iwantball
Tact Iseeball;Iseeredball
Intraverbal Nameatoy?Ball!
Echoic Sayball.Ball
Autoclitic Ireallywantaball!
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Is modalitythekey?
In defining verbal behavior as behavior
reinforced through the mediation of other
persons we do not and cannot specify persons, we do not, and cannot, specify
any one form, mode, or medium. Any
movement capable of affecting another
organism may be verbal. (p. 14)
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SkinnersCommentson
PrivateEvents
Howtogenerateverbalbehavior toprivatestimuli:
1. Acommonpublicaccompaniment...
H f ll H bl d Hefalls Hebleeds
p.131
2.usesomecollateralresponse[including]facial
expressions...
Hefalls Hewincesorcries
p.131132
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Bondy
I am the master of my emotions
Copyright, 2010, by Pyramid Educational Consultants 3
SkinnersCommentsonAcquisition
heacquiresverbalresponsesechoicallyfromthe
teacher.
p.131
Howdoweacquiretacts toprivateevents?
DIRECT
Dadsays,Yourleghurts!Doesyourleghurt?
INDIRECT
Momsays,Hislegmusthurt!Hey,Mikeylikes
it hereallylikesit!
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Example:Myleghurts
Weseeachildfalland
Wesee:
hefellandhesbleeding
h hescrying
Wecomment:Oh,poorbaby yourkneehurts!
Weask:Howdoyoufeel?
Hesays:Mykneehurts!
Latergeneralizations
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Example:Ilikethis!
Wewatchachildeatinganicecreamcone
Wesee:
sheeatsitveryfastandsloppily
shesmilesandgiggleswhileeating
Wecomment:Wow!Youmustlikethatalot!
Weask:Howdoyoufeel?
Shesays:Ilikethisalot!
Latergeneralizations
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Bondy
I am the master of my emotions
Copyright, 2010, by Pyramid Educational Consultants 4
Whatmaybedifferent
withpeoplewithautism?
Weseethemfallandbleed
Weseethemeatquicklyandsloppily
Wemaynot seethefacialdisplays(thecollateral
behaviors)
Sowhatdoweoftenfailtodo?
Commentontheirfeelings!
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PersonalObservations
We learn to name things out there before we
name things within (e.g., This is a chair
before My knee hurts)
Wetactexternalstimulibeforewelearntotact
eventswithinourskin
Ifwedontlabeltheemotionfirst,theycant
learntonameitlater
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LovaasPosition:
EmotionalDevelopmentProblem
children were taught to hugbut many times the
embraces seemed more like the children were merely
going through the motions without real feelings. We
referred to these hugs as operant hugs.
A h i i b h i At the same time, it became apparent that it was
impossible to teach the children to laugh or cry when it
was appropriate to express such feelings.
Their genuine appearance most likely reflects that these
emotions are inborn or reflexive expressions common to
all human beings.
O.I.Lovaas,(2003).TeachingIndividualswithDevelopmentalDelays:
BasicInterventionTechniques
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Bondy
I am the master of my emotions
Copyright, 2010, by Pyramid Educational Consultants 5
EmotionalDevelopmentLessons
1. One of the first steps in shaping emotional
behaviors is teaching the student to
recognize and identify expressions. We start
by teaching the student to identify outside or
external expressions of emotions external expressions of emotions.
2. We then teach the student how such
external expressions correspond to internal
states or feelings.
3. Finally, we teach the student to identify the
causes of various feelings
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InitialLessonSequencealaLovaas
(andmanyotherssince)
Receptiveidentificationofemotional
expressionsin2Dformat
Receptive identification of emotional Receptiveidentificationofemotional
expressionsinvivo
Expressivelabelingofemotional
expressionsin2Dformat
Expressivelabelingofemotional
expressionsinvivo
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HigherLevelLessons
Teachingunderlyingfeelingsofemotional
expressions
Whatishedoing? Smiling.Howishefeeling? Happy.
Thecausesoffeelings
Whatishefeeling? Sad.Why? Hitting.
Teachingthestudenttolabelhis/herownfeelings
Howdoyoufeel? Angry.Whyareyouangry?
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Bondy
I am the master of my emotions
Copyright, 2010, by Pyramid Educational Consultants 6
LessonstoTeach
mindreading
1.Recognitionoffacialexpressionsfromphotographs
Pointtohappy
2.Recognizingemotionfromschematicdrawings
Pointtohappyface
3.Identifyingsituationbasedemotions
Showpictureofsituationwithblankface,askHow
willhefeel?showface/givetwochoices
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HanenCentreApproach
ThebesttimetoidentifyemotionswithaCueCardis
whenyourchildisexperiencingthem.
Jakelovescandy.Whenmomgivesone,shesays,Jake
likescandy.JakeshappyandpromptsJaketotouch
happyfacecardandrepeats,happy.Onedaymom
givescandyandwaitsJakemakesmomtouchCue
Cardandsays,Jakeshappy.
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Sowhyisthissohard
withpeoplewithautism?
18
Bondy
I am the master of my emotions
Copyright, 2010, by Pyramid Educational Consultants 7
WhatSkinnersaysabout
SocialReinforcementand
SelfAwareness
"As we have noted, it is social reinforcement which
l d h i di id l k hi lf I i l h h leads the individual to know himself. It is only through
the gradual growth of a verbal community that the
individual becomes conscious. He comes to see
himself only as others see him, or at least only as
others insist that he see himself.
p.140
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DefiningtheAutoclitic
1. The term autoclitic is intended to suggest behavior
which is based upon or depends upon other verbal
behavior.
p.315
2. An autoclitic affects the listener by indicating either
a property of the speaker's behavior or the
circumstances responsible for that property.
p.329
3.Ireally wantacookie!
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NonVocalAutoclitics
1. "The autoclitic function can be carried by
an arch look or a tone of voice.
p.318 p
2. "It [punctuation] corresponds, in part, to
temporal and intonational patterns in vocal
behavior, which must also be regarded as
autoclitic."
p.355
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Bondy
I am the master of my emotions
Copyright, 2010, by Pyramid Educational Consultants 8
"...the contingencies which generate a
response to one's own verbal responses are
WhatSkinnersaysaboutSocial
ReinforcementandAutoclitics
response to one s own verbal responses are
unlikely in the absence of social reinforcement.
It is because our behavior is important to others
that it eventually becomes important to us..."
p.329
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ChildrenwithAutismvs.DD
andthe#ofDifferentAutocliticsUsed
Negationand
Assertion
accountfor
70%ofall.
Fortypical
children,
th these
categories
accountfor
only31%.
N=12, ages 6 to 17
(FromFrost&Bondy,1992ABApresentation)
23
DiversityofAutocliticsUsed
40
50
60
u
t
o
c
l
i
t
i
c
s
Autoclitic Diversity
0
10
20
30
40
Autisitc DD Typical
A
v
e

#

D
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t

A
u
(FromFrost&Bondy,1992ABApresentation)
24
Bondy
I am the master of my emotions
Copyright, 2010, by Pyramid Educational Consultants 9
Canwetakeadvantageofnatural
contingencies?
Can we create feelings? Canwecreatefeelings?
Whatareourethicalobligations
tothestudents?
25
CaptureversusCreate
Capturemeanstakeadvantageofwhatlife
presents
Dontjustfix commentandprompt
Createopportunities
Whatmakesyourchildhappy?Sad?
Angry?Anxious?Scared?
Modelwhathe/shefeels notwhatyoufeel!
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Howdoweteachanyskill?
Weneedbothexamplesandcontrast
Hotvs.cold,bigvs.little,redvs.blue
happy vs ? happyvs.?
angryvs.?
anxiousvs.?
proudvs.?
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Bondy
I am the master of my emotions
Copyright, 2010, by Pyramid Educational Consultants 10
TeachingaboutAnxiety
Whatisanxiety?
Whatmakessomeoneanxious?
Anticipating that something bad is about Anticipatingthatsomethingbadisabout
tohappen
Howcanwecreatethisfeelingfora
childorteenager?
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TeachingtheOpposite ofAnxiety
Whatistheoppositeofanxiety?
Anticipatingsomethinggoodisaboutto
happen but what word do we use? happen butwhatworddoweuse?
Howcanwecreatethisfeelingfora
childorteenager?
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HowDoWeTeach
Autoclitics?
Howdowereallyteach
really?
30
Bondy
I am the master of my emotions
Copyright, 2010, by Pyramid Educational Consultants 11
WheredoIgofromhere?
FulldayLanguageofEmotionsworkshop
offeredbyPyramidEducationalConsultants
FulldayworkshopentitledAnalyzingandFine
TuningCommunicationwhichisan
introductiontoVerbalBehaviorbyPyramid
EducationalConsultants
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