-Ç-C¢√®Ωç 2 -´÷-Ja 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Q. ÉçTx≠ˇ ¶µ«≠æ™ A. Sit èπÿ, Stand èπÿ î√™« Å®√n-©’-Ø√o®·. ¢√úø’éπ (usage)
imperative sentence v°æ鬮Ωç sit down Åçõ‰ E©’-†o ÆœnA (standing posi-
©™ sit down, stand tion) ™ç* èπÿ®Óa-´úøç. Å™«Íí stand up Åçõ‰ èπÿ®Ω’a†o
up
Å-E -áç-ü¿’èπ◊ -¢√-úø- position †’ç-* E-©’-îÓ-´úøç. Stand = ´÷´‚-©’í¬
û√®Ω’? Stand ÅØË °æü∆- E-©’-îÓ-´úøç; He was standing at the station the
EÍé E©-•-úøôç ÅE Å®Ωnç whole day. Stand up = èπÿ®Ω’a†o¢√∞¡Ÿx E-©’-îÓ-´úøç.
éπü∆? ´’J Å™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’ He stood up to answer the questions = v°æ¨¡oèπ◊
sit down, stand up ©èπ◊ Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç îÁÊ°pç-ü¿’èπ◊ (Åçûª-´-®Ωèπÿ) èπÿ®Ω’aE Ö†o Åûªúø’
•ü¿’©’ sit, stand ņ-èπÿ- E©’--Ø√oúø’. Å™«Íí, sit Åçõ‰ ´÷´‚-©’í¬ èπÿ®Óa-´úøç –
úøü∆? ´’† ûÁ©’-í∫’™ èπÿ®Óa, E©-•úø’ We sat for three hours at the station = ¢Ë’ç ´‚úø’
Åçö«¢Ë’ é¬F éÀçü¿ èπÿ®Óa, °jéÀ E©-•úø’ ņç í∫çô-©-§ƒô’ èπÿ®Ω’aØ√oç/ èπÿ®Ω’aØË ÖØ√oç. Unable to
éπü∆? N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. stand any longer, he sat down = ÉçÍé-´÷vûªç E-©’-îÓ-™‰éπ The exclamatory sentence- a sentence row is a holiday or not, the word holiday is
– ´’ØÓ-®Ωç-ïE, Nï-ߪ’-¢√úø expressing surprize or a sudden feeling. uttered with falling intonation and 'isn't it?'
(Åçûª-´-®Ωèπÿ E©’-†o) Åûªúø’ èπÿ®Ω’a-Ø√oúø’. with rising intonation.
i) What a fool he is!
'Wh' word Noun Sb Vb a) Tomorrow is a holiday, isn't it? (The
Q. 1. Please explain me word order and its b) Question/ Interrogative sentence.
speaker is sure that tomorrow is a holi-
i) Is he here? ii) How hot the day is!
rules to be followed while using modern day)
English usage. 'Wh' word adjective sb vb
verb subject b) Tomorrow is a holiday, isn't it? (The
iii) How well she sings!
2. What is the meaning of cleft sentence? Give ii) Are they coming? speaker is not sure whether tomorrow is a
me some examples. 'Wh' word Adverb sb vb
helping verb subject main verb holiday, so holiday is said with falling into-
The word order in the exclamatory sentence is: nation and isn't with rising intonation.
3. While using question tags, if the stress is on iii) Where is he? 'Wh' word+Noun/ Adjective/ Adverb+Subject+Verb.
a particular word, it conveys different mean- 4) It is not 'enchoative' but 'inchoative'
'Wh' word vb sb Sometimes the exclamatory sentence may not
(ÉØ˛-éÓ--
ing. eg: "Tomorrow is a holiday isn't it?". verb. An inchoative verb expresses a
iv) Where is he going? have the noun/ Adj/ Adv after the 'wh' word.
Å-öÀ¢˛)
If the stress changes from word to word the change of state, that is, a change from one
'Wh' word vb subject eg: How he shouts!
meaning varies. Please explain in detail. condition to another. eg: The college will
(A 'Wh' word is a word beginning with 'Wh' like.. In any version of English including modern
4. Please explain me enchoative verbs. What close for summer vacation on the 12th April.
English, any sentence has one of the four word
are their uses in modern English? What, Where, When, Why, Who, Whose, In this sentence, 'will close' (instead of 'will be
orders shown above.
5. Seeing is believing. This is a structure in Which and how-usually used for asking ques- closed') expresses a change of state (open to
(Feel free to write again
English. eg: Whether following sentence can tions). if you find this answer closed), happening on its own, without any-
be used as an example of the above struc- not clear enough, but let body causing it. So, 'will close' (close) is an
ture. The best service you are doing to soci- your question be clear). inchoative verb. So is the verb, 'opened' an
ety is refraing from doing the bad things. 2) A cleft sentence is a inchoative verb in the sentence, The shops
6. Doubt relating to usage of between - among. sentence that begins opened as usual that day.
When we refer to more than two things -Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 427 with an 'it clause' or 'that 5) In one way it is, and in another way, it isn't.
Seeing is believing- the structure of the sen-
generally we use among. If we have a defi- M.SURESAN clause' (clauses begin-
nite number in our mind tence is Subject + Verb +
Complement. In the sen-

Seeing is believing
between can also be
tence- the best service you
used. For eg:
are doing to society is
Luxemburg lies between
refraing from..., if you take
Belgium, Germany and
the whole clause 'The best
France. Pl. explain.
you are doing to society' as
– °œ.¢Áç-éπ-ô-Ø√-®√-ߪ’-ù-®√´¤, üµ¿®Ωt-´®Ωç We see there are two kinds of questions- ning with 'It' or 'that') and has another clause the subject of the sentence, its structure is
A. 1. The question is not clear. If you mean the Non 'Wh' questions- Questions without 'Wh' following it. the same as that of 'seeing is believing'.
word order in different kinds of sentences words (eg: questions (i) and (ii) above) and eg: i) It is this chapter that I found difficult to However, if you take the subject of the sen-
here is the answer. understand. tence, 'seeing is believing', as a present par-
'Wh' questions- questions beginning with 'wh'
a) The Statement/ The assertive sentence ii) That is the picture I want you to look at. ticiple (and not a clause), the sentence, 'The
words. In both kinds of questions, the subject
best service...' is not the same structure.
(A sentence saying something- eg: The comes after the verb, or after the helping verb. Sentence No.1 has an 'It clause' (It is this chap-
ter), followed by the other clause, 'That I The sentences, 'Refraining from evil is doing
book is on the table. He has not come.) When there are two/ more words in a question
found...) sentence (2) has a 'That clause' (that the best service to society/ Doing the best ser-
Word order in a statement. the first of them is the helping verb and the oth- vice to society is refraing from evil- are exactly
is the picture) followed by the other clause 'I
The book is on the table ers are main verb. the same structure as, 'seeing is believing'.
want you to look at'.
subject verb The imperative sentence: (orders, wishes, 6) Here, between is correct. We use 'between'
3) Tomorrow is a holiday, isn't it. If you are sure
We see here that the statement has the sub- etc.) In most of them the subject is 'you' but that tomorrow is a holiday, the stress on hol- (and not among) when we refer to an area or
ject (sb) + verb (vb) word order. That is, in a not stated. iday, and isn't it has a fall, that is, holiday and any geographical feature (rivers, mountain
statement the subject comes first and the i) (you) get out - Sb + Vb isn't it? are said with a falling intonation. ranges, etc.) separating two or more points.
verb, next. ii) (you) please come in - Sb + Vb. However, if you are not sure whether tomor-

Q. éÀçC-¢√-öÀE ÉçTx≠ˇ™ ûÁ-©’°æí∫-©®Ω’. A. 1. Right now/ At present I am job- Q. éÀçC ÆæçüË-£æ…-©†’ B®Ωaí∫-©®Ω’. Q. 1. It is two pounds heavy. b i) The tower is sixty feet tall =
less/ unemployed. (Jobless 1. A cup is in the saucer (or) on the It is two pounds in weight. ii) It is a sixty foot tall tower.
1. v°æÆæ’h-û√-EéÀ ؈’ ë«Sí¬ ÖØ√o†’.
Å´’-®√u-ü¿-éπ®Ω °æü¿ç é¬ü¿’.) saucer. Ñ È®çúø’ ¢√é¬u™x àC éπÈ®é˙d? 3) It is a 5 foot 9 inch bed ņç; It
É°æ¤púø’ ؈’ à ÖüÓu-í∫´‚ îËߪ’úøç ™‰ü¿’. 2. The teacher is sitting in the chair (or) is a 5 feet 9 inch bed
2. You and I are just instrumental. It ᙫ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L? Åçö«ç.
2. †’´¤y, ؈’ Íé´©ç EN’-ûªh-´÷-vûª’©ç. is she that does and gets done on the chair. 2. She is five feet three inches tall. observe the following:
îËÊÆC, îË®·ç-îËC Ç¢Á’. everything. 3. Wednesday a) He bought a bed measuring
She is five foot three inches tall
E ᙫ °æ©-é¬L?
3. Interview éÀ ¢ÁRx-†-°æ¤púø’, ´’†Lo inter- 3. Good morning, sirs/ sirs and 4. Drought E éÌçü¿®Ω’ vú≈ö¸-í¬†÷, ´’J- 5 feet 9 inches = He bought
view îËߪ’-ú≈-EéÀ †©’-í∫’®Ω’ ™‰ü∆ Å®·-ü¿’- Madam (s) if both men and women
Ñ È®çúø’ ¢√é¬u™x ûËú≈ à-N’öÀ?
éÌç-ü¿®Ω’ vúˆö¸-í¬†÷ °æ©’-èπ◊-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’. a 5 feet 9 inch bed.
are on the board of interview. 3. It is a 5 foot 9 inch bed. Ñ
í∫’®Ω’ Öçö«®Ω’. ¢√∞¡xE N≠ˇ îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ ûÌN’tüÓ ûª®Ω-í∫A éÌûªh ÉçTx≠ˇ õ„é˙dq •’é˙™ inches inch, É™«çöÀîÓôx, feet (plural), inch
äéÌ\-éπ\-JE good morning (evening) 4. The degree was passed by him - drout í¬ ÖçC. ´’J àC éπÈ®é˙d?
¢√éπuç™ ¢√-úÌî√a?
pound (singular)¢√úøû√ç.
passive passive.
ÅØ√™« -™‰-ü∆ Åçü¿-Jéà éπL°œ äÍé-≤ƒJ good 5. listen E ᙫ °æ©-é¬L?
¢Á·ü¿-™„j-†N àéπ-´-îª-†ç-™ØË
Å®·ûË ÉC éÓÆæç b) He bought the estate for Rs.
passives
morning all of you ÅE ÅØ√™«? 6. Every day, daily ¶µ‰ü¿-¢Ë’-N’öÀ? -à-ßË’
¢√-ú≈-™«?
É™«çöÀ ¢√úøç – Ñ´’üµ¿u 2 crore. Rs. 2 crore
(®√ߪ’úøç
4. He passed Degree DEéÀ passive lessons passive – Ø√T-È®úÕf XE-¢√-Ææ’©’È®úÕf, éπ©’-¢√®·
= 2 crore rupees
A.
´*a† ™E ¢√úøéπç Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√L?
1) It is two pounds heavy= It is
îªC-¢Ë-ô-°æ¤púø’
voice ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL? O’C Å稻©’ îª÷úøçúÕ. – ¢Áj. ¶µ«Ææ\-®Ω-®√´¤, ïí∫_-ߪ’u-Ê°ô The estate he
two pounds in weight - Both are
Åçö«ç) =
5. Åûªúø’ ÅûªúÕ ≤ƒy®Ωnç éÓÆæç (Å´-Ææ®Ωç)
5. He is very selfish. For his selfish A. 1) A cup on a saucer bought is a two crore rupee
purposes, he doesn't hesitate to correct.
2) Sit on a simple (îËûª’-™‰xE) chair/ (rupees estate.
cheat. He is upto anything if it 2) She is 5 feet three inches tall
á´-J-ØÁjØ√ ¢Á÷Ææç îËߪ’-í∫-©úø’. áçûª-ÈéjØ√ é¬ü¿’)
ûÁTç-îª-í∫-©úø’. éπFÆæç v°∂çú˛ ÅE èπÿú≈ serves his purposes. Sit in an arm chair (îËûª’-©’†o èπ◊Ka)/ ņ-úø¢Ë’ correct. She is five foot Measurements, üµ¿®Ω©÷ ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀéÀ
îª÷úøúø’. 6. Open Ééπ\úø verb é¬ü¿’. Open Ééπ\úø Sit in an easy chair. three inches tall - wrong. Look Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† ´Ææ’h-´¤© ´·çü¿’, singu-
6. The shop is open at 10'o clock 3) ¢ÁØ˛-búÁß˝’– Ø˛b ™E ï ´ûª’h size ™ ñ¸™« at the following: lar number (°j† îª÷°œ-†ô’x) ´÷vûª¢Ë’
ûÁJ* Ö†o ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ adjective.
ņo-°æ¤púø’ shop á´-J-îË-ûª-ØÁjØ√ open The shop is open = Shop ûÁJ* 4) LÆˇØ˛ 5) vúˆö¸ a i) She is five feet three inches ¢√úøû√ç. Å®·ûË È®çúø’ units (foot,
îËߪ’-•-úø’-ûª’çC éπü∆? Å™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’ The tall= inches)
6) Everyday = daily. Å®·ûË daily bread
ÖçC. The shop is opened at 10 Ö†o-°æ¤púø’, È®çúÓ-ü∆Eo
shop opened at 10 ÅØË ÅØ√L éπü∆? everyday (Passive) = Shop ûÁ®Ω-´-•- (Eûªuç ǣ慮Ωç) ™«çöÀ expressions ii) She is a five feet three inch
´÷vûª¢Ë’ singular í¬ ¢√úøû√ç.
Example No. 3 (Bed) îª÷úøçúÕ.
– >.¢Áç-éπ-õ‰-¨¡y®Ω’x, éπçü¿’- πÿ®Ω’ úø’-ûª’çC ®ÓW 10 í∫çô-©èπ◊. ™ daily •ü¿’©’ everyday ®√ü¿’. girl

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 4- ´÷-Ja 2008
Narayana: Well, you've seen the boy. How do
you like him?
(Ŷ«s-®·E îª÷¨»´¤ éπü∆? É≠æd-°æ-ú≈f¢√?)
Sampanna: Except that he is slightly fat, he is
OK, dad.
Lakshmi:
(éÌClí¬ ™«´-ØË-é¬F, ¶«í¬ØË ÖØ√oúø’)
Narayana: He isn't as tall as the boy we saw
last week, is he?
(éÀçü¿-öÀ-¢√®Ωç ´’†ç îª÷Æœ† èπ◊v®√-úøçûª
§Òúø’é¬\ü¿’ éπü∆?)
Sampanna: Of course, no. But this boy is fairer.
(é¬ü¿’. é¬F Ñ Å¶«s®· é¬Ææh-®Ωçí∫’,
Åçü¿ç áèπ◊\´)
Narayana: Then is he OK for you? Shall I tell
the boy's father of it?
(Å®·ûË Fèπ◊ †*a-†-õ‰xØ√? Ŷ«s®·
ûªçvúÕûÓ îÁ°æpØ√?)
Sampanna: But ... (é¬F ...)
Narayana: Why the 'but' again? (´’Sx é¬F
àçöÀ?) You wanted a
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
Looks - appearance (Ç鬮Ωç) Åçõ‰ Åçü¿çí¬
ÖØ√o®√ ™‰ü∆ ÅE.
He fell for her looks.
(Ç¢Á’ Åçü∆-E-éπ-ûªúø’ ´·í∫’l¥-
úø-ߪ÷uúø’.)
And he fits in with your requirement
of a software man. What more do
you want?
(Åûªúø’ †’´y-†’-èπ◊†o ü∆EéÀ ÆæJ-§Ú-û√úø’,
software engineer í¬. ÉçÍéç 鬢√L
Fèπ◊?
requirement= Å´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’içC.
1) Except that = ÅüÌ-éπ\-öÀ-ûª°æp/ ÅüË-ûª°æp 3) Ultimately = *´-JéÀ (ÅEoç-öÀ-éπçõ‰ ´·êuçí¬)
Our requirement is a good principal for our a) Except that it is hot during the summer, (ÅÆæ©’)
college= college
´÷ Å´-Ææ®Ωç É°æ¤púø’ ´÷ èπ◊ Vijayawada is a good place to live in =
a) It isn't important how well you have studied
ã ´’ç* principal.
¢ËÆæ-N™ áçúø áèπ◊\-´ØË ûª°æp Öçúø-ö«-EéÀ (E´-Æœç- ultimately it is your marks that count =
îËç-ü¿’èπ◊) Nï-ߪ’-¢√úø ´’ç* ÜÍ®. †’¢Áyç-ûª-¶«í¬ îªC-¢√-´-ØËC ´·êuç-é¬ü¿’. áEo
b) Except that Sri Rama was unkind to Sita,
marks FéÌ-î √a-ߪ ’-ØËüË *´-JéÀ ™„éπ\-éÌ-îËaC/
he was quite admirable =
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
Åçü¿®Ω÷ îª÷ÊÆC.
428
(Æ‘ûª °æôx éπJ∏-†çí¬ ÖØ√o-úøØË ûª°æp, X®√-´·úø’
ûª°æpéπ ¢Á’a-éÓ-ü¿-í∫_-¢√úË.) b) Who bother how well you know the sub-
ject. Ultimately what marks you get
matters/ what matters ultimately is

what matters ultimately is..

software man from
Hyderabad with a the marks =
salary of more than Rs.
30000. Accordingly we
have brought you two
software Engineers. What else do
you want?
(£j«ü¿-®√-¶«-ü˛™ °æE-îËÆæ÷h ØÁ©èπ◊ ®Ω÷.
30¢Ë© °j† @ûªç ûÁa-èπ◊ØË software
¢√∞¡Ÿx 鬢√-©-Ø√o´¤. Å™«Íí Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊
Éü¿lJo BÆæ’-éÌ*a îª÷°œçî√ç. ÉçÍéç
鬢√L Fèπ◊?)
Lakshmi: This boy is to my liking too.
(Åûªúø’ Ø√èπÿ †î√aúø’.)
Sampanna: Mom, I need some time to decide.
(Å´÷t Ø√èπ◊ éÌçîÁç time 鬢√L E®Ωg-
®·ç--èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊)
Lakshmi: How long? (áçûª Æ洒ߪ’ç?)
Narayana: Look here Sampanna. Looks are
important. But what matters ulti-
mately is how good the young man
is. I've heard only good reports
about him.
(Ææç°æØ√o, îª÷úø÷, Åçü¿ç ´·êu¢Ë’.
é¬F ÅEoç-öÀ-éπØ√o ´·êu-¢Á’içC, Ŷ«s®·
áçûª-´’ç*¢√úø-ØËC. ÅûªúÕ í∫’Jç* ؈’
´’çîË NØ√o.)
Sampanna: It's my opinion that counts ultimate-
ly. All that I've asked for is a little
time, say two or three days. Can't
you both wait?
(*´-JéÀ Ø√ ÅGµ-v§ƒ-ߪ’ç-éπü∆ ´·êuç?
؈-úÕ-Tç-ü¿™«x é¬Ææh time - È®çúø’-´‚-vúÓ-
V©’. Ç ´÷vûªç Çí∫-™‰®√ O’®Ω’?)
Lakshmi: We can wait, but the boy and his
people may not. OK. Take your
time, but don't blame us later if the
match slips from our hands.
2) Accordingly = Ç v°æé¬-®Ω¢Ë’
(¢Ë’ç Çí∫’û√ç, Ç Å¶«s®·, ¢√∞¡x-¢√∞¡⁄x
Çí∫-Í®¢Á÷. Time BÆæ’éÓ, é¬F Åçû√
Å®·uç-ûª-®√yûª Ñ Ææç•çüµ¿ç ñ«J-§Ú-®·ç-
ü¿E ´’´’tLo ņèπ◊.)
Look at the following sentences from the
conversation above:
1) Except that he is slightly fat, he is OK.
2) Accordingly we've brought two software engi-
neers.
3) But what matters ultimately is how good the
young man is.
4) And he fits in with your requirements.
Fèπ◊ subject ¶«í¬ ´îªa†o N≠æߪ’ç á´®Ω’
°æöÀdç--èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’. *´-JéÀ †’¢ÁyEo marks
ûÁa-èπ◊-Ø√o-´-ØËüË ´·êuç/ îª÷≤ƒh®Ω’.
Admirable = ¢Á’a-éÓ-ü¿-T†/ c) Ultimately = *ôd-*-´-JéÀ ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ÖçC
¨»x°∂œ’ç-îª-ü¿-T†. (finally).
Sachin is an admirable Ultimately the world champion Australia
cricketer. had to bite the dust =
Admire = ÅGµ-´÷-Eç* ¢Á’a- *´-JéÀ v°æ°æçîª í∫ï Çô-í¬∞¡Ÿx ´’öÀd éπ®Ω-¢√Lq ´*açC.
éÓ-´úøç. 4) fit in with = ÆæJí¬_ ÆæJ-§Ú-´úøç, Å´’-J-§Ú-´úøç.
M.SURESAN c) I didn't tell him anything a) His actions do not fit in with his words =
except that you are here = ÅûªúÕ îª®Ωu©’, ÅûªúÕ ´÷ô-©èπ◊ ÆæJ-§Ú´¤ (´÷ô-
†’Ny-éπ\-úø’-Ø√o-´ØË N≠æߪ’ç ûª°æp Åûª-úÕ-éÀçÍéç îÁ°æp- ©èπÿ, îËûª-©èπÿ §Òçûª-†-™‰ü¿’)
™‰ü¿’. b) This cell phone exactly fits in with my
requirements = cell phone
Ñ Ø√ Å´-Ææ-®√-
a) We both agreed to equal share in profits
©èπ◊ ÆæJí¬_ ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çC.
and accordingly I got Rs.50000/- as my
c) Why should I change my habits to fit in
with their way of life? =
share of the property =
¢√∞¡x @´† Nüµ∆-Ø√-©èπ◊
ÆæJ-§Ú-ßË’-ô’xí¬, Ø√ Å©-¢√ô’x ØËØÁç-ü¿’èπ◊ ´÷®Ω’a-éÓ-
™«¶µ«™x Ææ´÷-†-¢√ö« Éü¿l®Ωç BÆæ’-éÓ-¢√-©E ä°æ¤p-
¢√L?
éÌØ√oç. Ç v°æé¬-®Ω¢Ë’ Ø√ ¢√ö«èπ◊ ®Ω÷.50,000 d) The furniture in their office fits in with their
´*açC. desire to give it a modern look =
¢√∞¡x
b) He wanted my signature on the document office furniture, office
ûª´’ èπ◊ Çüµ¿’-Eéπ Ç鬮Ωç
and accordingly I signed the document = É¢√y-©ØË éÓJ-éπèπ◊ ÆæJí¬_ ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çC.
fits in with î√™« common. O’ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™x
Åûªúø’ Ç °ævûªç™ Ø√ Ææçûªéπç 鬢√-©-Ø√oúø’. Ç
practise îËߪ’çúÕ.
v°æé¬-®Ω¢Ë’ ØËØ√-°ævûªç O’ü¿ Ææçûªéπç î˨».

EXERCISE Ñ class ©÷, exams Åçõ‰ NÆæ’í¬_ ÖçC. barren x fertile (≤ƒ®Ω-´ç-ûª-¢Á’i†). Q.
We had visiting us at this time
Match the words under A with their ÂÆ©´¤ ´ÊÆh ¶«í∫’çúø’. The Godavari districts are very fertile = a nervous first cousin of mine
meanings under B. named Briggs Beall.
You weary me = †’´¤y Ø√èπ◊ NÆæ’í∫’ éπL-T-Ææ’h- íÓü∆-´J >™«x©’ î√™« ≤ƒ®Ω-´ç-ûª-¢Á’i-†N. -Ñ ¢√éπuç-™-E
A B verb 'had visiting' tense
Ø√o´¤/ ††’o NÆœ-T-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤. (fertilizer= ®Ω≤ƒ-ߪ ’† á®Ω’´¤, fertile †’çîË -à -™
1. Weary A. Unplanned had verb
2) Antique = Ancient = v§ƒ<-†-¢Á’i†/ °æ¤®√-ûª-†-¢Á’i† ´Ææ’hçC. fertilize = ≤ƒ®Ω-´çûªç îËߪ’úøç). -Öç-C? -´÷-´‚-©’í¬ -ûª®√y-ûª
2. Antique B. Infertile past participle (past
4) Random = Unplanned = äéπ plan, °æü∑¿éπç,
éπ-ü∆ ®√-¢√-L
3. Barren C. Fast
(´·êuçí¬ ´Ææ’h-´¤©’, Ƕµº-®Ω-ù«©’– î√™« §ƒûª
perfect tense ) had been + verb + ing
-™ -™‰-ü∆
4. Random D. Illness
鬙«-EéÀ îÁçC, Åçü¿’-´©x î√™« N©’-¢Áj-†N). ´·çü¿Ææ’h Ç™- ™‰èπ◊çú≈, à éπ~ù«-E-ÍéC ûÓÊÆh ÅC
(past perfect continuous tense )
a) Antique tables and vessels are on dis-
-™ ®√-¢√-L éπ-ü∆.
5. Infirmity E. Ancient îËÊÆ Ææy¶µ«-´ç-í∫©.
play in the museum = a) the random killing of people by the ter-
-Ééπ\-úø -áç-ü¿’èπ◊ -É-™« ¢√-ú≈®Ó -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’í∫-©®Ω’.
F. Silly
museum tables, rorists has left many in deep shock = - Ch.Silar Saheb, Piduguralla
G. Tired.
A.
Ç ™ °æ¤®√-ûª† §ƒvûª©÷
KEY: 1 - G 2 - E 3 - B 4 - A 5 - D. v°æü¿-®Ωz-†™ ÖØ√o®·. Nîª-éπ~-ù«-®Ω-£œ«-ûªçí¬ Öví∫-¢√-ü¿’©’ v°æï-©†’ Ñ sentence ™ verb, had; had visiting
Explanation: b) She bought an antique piece of jewellry îªç°æúøç î√™«-´’ç-CE Cví¬s¥ç-A™ °æúË-ÆœçC. é¬ü¿’. Ñ sentence -É-™« commas ü¿í∫_®Ω ÇT
at a very high price = b) The selection of the players was done at îªü¿-´çúÕ– ûËLí¬_ Å®Ωnç Å´¤-ûª’çC: We had, vis-
1) Weary = Tired = ¶«í¬ Å©-Æœ-§Ú-®·†. iting us at this time, a nervous first cousin =
random =
A) Having walked the long distance, she is
Ç¢Á’ î√™« üµ¿®Ω°öÀd °æ¤®√-ûª† Ƕµº-®Ω-ù«Eo é̆oC. véÃú≈-é¬-®Ω’-©†’ äéπ °æü¿l¥A v°æ鬮Ωç
We had, at this time, a nervous first cousin
Antique x Modern
weary, and cannot walk any more =
é¬èπ◊çú≈/ äéπ v§ƒA-°æ-Céπ/ v°æ´÷ùç ÅØËC
visiting us. sen-
3) Barren = Infertile =
E≤ƒq-®Ω-¢Á’i† (¶µº÷N’)/ Húø’/ ™‰èπ◊çú≈ ᙫ-°æ-úÕûË Å™« áç°œéπ î˨»®Ω’. É°æ¤púø’ ûÁ©’-≤ÚhçC éπü∆. Ñ
tence verb, had (Past Doing Word -
c) Because of the random parking of cars, it
î√™« ü¿÷®Ωç †úÕ-*-†ç-ü¿’-´©x Ç¢Á’ ¶«í¬ Å©-Æœ- îªNöÀ (¶µº÷´·© N≠æߪ’ç). ™
Past simple tense). pattern:
took half an hour for me to get my car out
§Ú-®·çC, ÉçÍé ´÷vûªç †úø-´-™‰ü¿’. -D-E
a) Most of Rayalaseema is barren =
B) I've just returned from office, and am subject verb object ( a phrase)
= ᙫ-°æ-úÕûË Å™« cars park îËߪ’-úøç-´©x Ø√
weary after 9 hours of work = ®√ߪ’-©-Æ‘´’ î√™« ´’ô’èπ◊ E≤ƒq-®Ω-¢Á’i-†C/ We + had + visiting us ..
car•ßª’-ôèπ◊ ûÁîËaç-ü¿’èπ◊ í∫çô °æöÀdçC.
É°æ¤púË office †’ç* ´î√a†’, 9 í∫çô©’ °æE-îËÆœ ≤ƒ®Ω-´çûªç é¬ü¿’.
Random thoughts = = We + had + a nervous cousin visiting us.
b) It's a barren land= ÅC ≤ƒí∫’èπ◊ °æE-éÀ-®√E äéπ-ü∆-E-éÌ-éπöÀ Ææç•çüµ¿ç
¶«í¬ Å©-Æœ-§Ú-ߪ÷†’. ™‰E Ç™-îª-†©’. = We + had + an uncle working as a col-
Weary Åçõ‰ NÆæ’í¬_ Öçúøôç ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈
¶µº÷N’.
5. Infirmity = Illness = ï•’s/ ÅØ√-®Óí∫u ÆœnA. lector.
c) The Nagarjuna Sagar dam has changed
O’J*a† ¢√éπuç Å®Ωnç, Ñ Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™
ÖçC. The infirmity of old age keeps him home = (Briggs Beall cousin,
a lot of barren land into arable land.
Å-ØË ´÷ Åûª-úø’
I am weary of these classes and exams.
(Arable = ´·Ææ-L-ûª†ç ´©x éπLÍí ÅØ√-®Óí∫u ÆœnA. éπçí¬-®Ω’-°æ-úË- Ææy-¶µ«´ç éπ©-¢√úø’, ´÷ ÉçöÀéÀ
Wish very much for a holiday =
≤ƒí∫’èπ◊ °æE-éÌîËa). ®√´ôç ïJ-TçC.
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 6 -´÷-Ja 2008
Spoorthi: Hi Keerthi, hasn't the rain blown over
yet? Do look out the window.
(´®Ω{ç Éçé¬ ûÁJ-°œ-´y-™‰ü∆? éÀöÀéà ûÁJ*
îª÷úø’.)
Keerthi: Don't you hear the pit-a-pat? There
hasn't been any let up for an hour
now. As I see, there won't be any, for
another half an hour.
(¢√†-°æ-úø’-ûª’†o ¨¡•lç FÍéç NE-°œç-îª-úøç-
™‰ü∆? í∫çô-ÊÆ-°æ-öÀ†’ç* ûÁJ-°œ-™‰-èπ◊çú≈ °æúø’-
ûª÷ØË ÖçC éπü∆? ÉçéÓ Å®Ω-í∫çô ´®Ωèπ◊
ûÁJ°œ´yü¿ØË Å†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o.)
Spoorthi: Won't it ever stop?
(ÅÆæ-™«-í∫ü∆ Ñ ¢√†?)
Keerthi: But why are so impatient?
(Åçûª ÅÆæ-£æ«-†çí¬ ÖØ√o-¢ËçöÀ?)
Spoorthi: See, owing to this untimely rain, we
aren't able to go out. Rain is certainly
enjoyable but not when you want to
go to a movie.
(îª÷úø’. Ñ Å鬩/ ņ’-éÓ-èπ◊çú≈ ´*a†
´®Ω{ç ´©x ´’†ç •ßª’-ô-Èé-∞¡x-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûª’Ø√oç.
´®Ω{ç džç-ü¿¢Ë’, é¬F ´’†ç ÆœE-´÷-Èé-∞«x-©-†’-
èπ◊-†o-°æ¤púø’
´÷vûªç é¬ü¿’.)
Ther e hasn't been any let up
Keerthi: Seeing that
you have an
assignment to
complete by
tomorrow, I have enough money in
just can't imagine your thinking of
going to a movie.
(Í®°æ-öÀéÀ °æ‹Jh-îË-ߪ÷-Lq† assignment °ô’d-
èπ◊E, †’Ny-°æ¤púø’ ÆœE-´÷-Èé-∞«x-©-†’-éÓ-´úøç
؈’ Ü£œ«ç-éÓ-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûª’Ø√o.)
Spoorthi: I want to see the movie so that after
some diversion, I can, with a fresh
mind, resume my assignment.
(ØËE-°æ¤púø’ ÆœE-´÷-Èé-∞«x-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-†oC,
ÆœE´÷ †’ç* ´*a† ûª®√yûª, é¬Ææh ´÷®Ω’p
ûª®√yûª fresh mind ûÓ assignment ´’S}
v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-îª-´-îªaE.)
diversion = îËÆæ’h†o °æE †’ç* é¬Ææh ´÷®Ω’p
resume = °æ¤†” v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-îªúøç
Keerthi: Instead, you can listen to some music
in order to feel fresh.
feel
(ü∆E-•-ü¿’©’, û√ñ«í¬ ÅßË’ç-ü¿’èπ◊
ÆæçUûªç NØÌ-aí¬)
EXERCISE
Match the words under A with their
meanings under B
A B
1. Hoard A. Cheer
2. Applaud B. A small,
thin creature
3. Worm C. back part
4. Rear D. Amass
5. Jovial E. Merry
F. Gloomy
G. Grand
KEY: 1-D, 2-A, 3-B, 4-C, 5-E.
Explanation:
1) Hoard = Amass -
úø•’s/ üµ∆†uç-™«çöÀN èπÿúø-
¶„-ôdúøç
a) Misers (°œÆœ-Ø√-®Ω’©’) hoard money- úø•’s
Å´-Ææ-®√-EéÀ èπÿú≈ ê®Ω’a-°-ôd-èπ◊çú≈ èπÿúø-¶„-úø-
û√®Ω’.
b) Traders hoard stocks = ¢√u§ƒ-®Ω’©’ Ææ®Ω’-
èπ◊©’ ü∆îË-≤ƒh®Ω’, (ÅN éÌ®Ωûª Ö†o-°æ¤úø’ áèπ◊\´
üµ¿®Ωèπ◊ Ţ˒tç-ü¿’èπ◊)
Black marketers and hoarders = <éπöÀ •ñ«-
®Ω’™ Ţ˒t-¢√∞¡Ÿx (E©y-îË-Æœ† Ææ®Ω’-èπ◊†’, éÌ®Ωûª Ö†o-
°æ¤úø’ ¶«í¬ üµ¿®Ω °ç* Ţ˒t-¢√∞¡Ÿx)
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
Spoorthi: A movie is different you know. Any
way, I want to go to movie and go, I
will. In case you wish to join me you
are welcome. Aarthi will give me com-
pany if you don't.
(ÆœE´÷ á°æp-öÀéÀ ¢ËÍ®™‰. àüË-¢Á’iØ√ ؈’
¢Á∞«x-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’, ûª°æpéπ ¢Á∞«h†’. †’´‹y
®√¢√©-†’-èπ◊çõ‰ ®√. †’´¤y Ø√èπ◊ company
É´y-éπ-§ÚûË ÇJh ÉÆæ’hçC)
Keerthi: All right. Please yourself.
Look at the following sentences from the
conversation above:
1) Hasn't the rain blown over yet? Politics are full of controversies =
4) Seeing that - îª÷Ææ÷hçúøôç/ îª÷úøôç ´©x
2) There hasn't been any let up. ®√ï-éÃ-ߪ÷™x á°æ¤púø÷ N¢√-ü∆™‰. a) Seeing that she did not have any money, I
3) Owing to this untimely rain we aren't able to controversial= (éπçvô-´-≠æ™ ¸– 'éπ— éÌClí¬ '´— éÌçîÁç
couldn't ask her to pay up =
go out.
áèπ◊\´í¬ ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç)= N¢√-ü∆-Ææp-ü¿-¢Á’i†.
4) Seeing that you have an assignment to com- His controversial remarks have led to group
Ç¢Á’ ü¿í∫_®Ω úø•’s ™‰éπ-§Ú-´úøç îª÷Æœ/ ™‰ü¿ØË
plete ... N≠æߪ’ç ûÁLÆœ úø•’s îÁLxç-î√-©E Åúøí∫™‰éπ-
clashes =
5) I want to see the movie so that after some
ÅûªúÕ N¢√-ü∆-Ææpü¿ ¢√uêu©’ ´®Ω_ §Úߪ÷.
diversion ...
Ææç°∂æ’-®Ω{ùèπ◊ ü∆J-B-¨»®·. b) Seeing that there wasn't enough food for
6) You can listen to music in order to feel fresh. c) The communal clashes have blown over
more than one, I ate out =
and the village is back to normal =
äéπ-J-éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ ´’çCéÀ ÆæJ-§ÚßË’çûª™‰-ü¿E
´’ûª Ææç°∂æ’-®Ω{ù©’ Ææü¿’l-´’-ùÀ-í¬®·. ví¬´’ç ûÁLÆœ/ îª÷Æœ ؈’ •ßª’ô ¶µçîË-¨»†’.
´÷´‚©’ °æJ-Æœn-AéÀ ´*açC.
5) So that = Åçü¿’-èπ◊-í¬†’ (ÖüËl¨¡ç ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊)
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
2) Let up = (Å©x®Ω’x, ´®Ω{ç, ï•’s©’, ¶«üµ¿©’ ™«çöÀN
429 ûªí∫’_-´·êç °æôdúøç) a) He is conducting social service camps so
that the poor can benefit
= Ê°ü¿-¢√-∞¡}éÓÆæç ÅûªúŒ
≤ƒç°∂œ’éπ ÊÆ¢√ PG-®√©’ E®Ωy-
£œ«-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’.
b) He is saving money
from now so that he can
1) Has (not) blown over: Blow over = There has been no let up
´®Ω{ç- his old age =¢√®Ωl¥-éπuç™ î√L-†çûª úø•’sçúËçü¿’-èπ◊-
™«ç-öÀN, Å©x-®Ωx -™«ç-öÀN, Åçô’-¢√u-üµ¿’-™«xç-öÀN ÇT- in the naxalite violence in
Chattisgarh =
í¬†÷, É°æpöÀ†’ç* Åûªúø’ úø•’s §Òü¿’°æ¤ îËÆæ’h-
§Ú-´úøç/ Ææ´’-Æœ-§Ú-´úøç. BhÆˇí∫úµ˛™ Ø√oúø’.
a) The cyclone has blown over and there is
†éπq -™ „jô x £œ«ç≤ƒé¬çúø Éçé¬
(Å®·ûË so that •ü¿’©’ to ¢√úøôç simpler.)
calm around =
ûªí ∫ ’ _-´ ·êç °æôd-™‰ü ¿’/ Å™«Í í
é̆- ≤ ƒ- í ∫ ’-ûÓçC. He is working hard so that he can get a rank
ûª’§ƒ†’ ÇTçC, °æJ-Ææ®Ω ¢√û√-´-®Ω-ù-´’çû√ = He is working hard to get a rank.
Blow over, Let up- È®çúø÷
v°æ¨»çûªçí¬ ÖçC. M.SURESAN 6) In order to = to = Åçü¿’èπ◊
b) The controversy over the cricketers'
î√™« Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-°æúË-N.
3) Owing to= because of= Åçü¿’-´©x/ Ç é¬®Ω-ùçí¬. a) Reserve your ticket in advance in order to
behaviour has blown over and they are
avoid last minute rush =
back to serious game = a) Owing to ill health, he gave up his job =
ÅØ√-®Óí∫uç ´©x/ 鬮Ωùçí¬ Åûªúø’ ÖüÓuí∫ç *´J EN’≠æç £æ«ú≈-´¤úÕ ûª°œpç--èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ tick-
et ´·çüË reserve îËÆæ’-éÓçúÕ.
véÀÈé-ô®Ωx †úø-´úÕ í∫’Jç* N¢√ü¿ç Ææ´’-Æœ-§Ú-®·çC/
Ææü¿’l-´’-ùÀ-TçC. ¢√∞¡}çû√ Çô O’ü¿ ü¿%≠œd °úø’-ûª’- ´÷†’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’.
b) Owing to rise in prices the common man b) Walk fast in order to catch the bus = Walk
Ø√o®Ω’/ ¢√∞¡x ü¿%≠ædçû√ Çô-O’-CéÀ ´’RxçC.
finds it difficult to lead a good life = fast to catch the bus =
controversy- éπçvô-´Æ‘– 'éπ— éÌClí¬, '´— áèπ◊\´í¬ üµ¿®Ω©’
Bus Åçü¿’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ûªy®Ωí¬ †úø-´çúÕ. In order
ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. Å®Ωnç– N¢√ü¿ç. °J-T-†ç-ü¿’† Ææí∫ô’ ´’E≠œ ´’ç* @Nûªç í∫úø-°æ-
to ¢√úË •ü¿’©’, á°æ¤p-úø-®·Ø√ ÆæÍ®, to ¢√úøôç
Arunkumar's statements let to a controversy
™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûª’-Ø√oúø’.
Owing to = Due to; Å®·ûË due to á°æ¤púø÷ 'be' ´’ç*C.
= Å綉-ü¿\®˝ O’ü¿ Å®Ω’-ù˝-èπ◊-´÷®˝ ¢√uêu©’ N¢√-ü∆-EéÀ
ü∆J-B-¨»®·. form ûª®√yûË ¢√úøû√ç.
Ants hoard food = <´’©’ Ç£æ…-®√Eo èπÿúø-¶„-úø- The chutney had worms in it = a) People like his company because he is
Ç îªöÃo™ °æ¤®Ω’-í∫’-©’-Ø√o®·. jovial = Åçü¿®Ω÷ Åûª-úÕûÓ Öçú≈-©†’èπ◊çö«®Ω’,
û√®·.
Hoard X squander (≤ƒ\yçúø) = Nîªa-©-N-úÕí¬ Worms were crawling on the dead body = áçü¿’-éπçõ‰ Åûªúø’ î√™« Ææ®Ω-ü∆í¬ éπ©’-°æ¤-íÓ-©’í¬
ê®Ω’a-°öÀd ´%ü∑∆ îËߪ’úøç. Ç ¨¡´ç O’ü¿ °æ¤®Ω’-í∫’©’ §ƒèπ◊-ûª’-Ø√o®·. †NyÆæ÷h Öçö«úø’ 鬕öÀd.
Earthworm = ¢√†-§ƒ´·; silk worm = °æô’d-°æ¤- b) She always has a jovial smile on her face
2) Applaud = Cheer = æp-ôx-™«çöÀ ¢√öÀûÓ ´’†
®Ω’í∫’; Bookworm = °æ¤Ææh-鬩 °æ¤®Ω’í∫’– ÅüË-°æ-Eí¬ and that endears her to all = Ç¢Á’ á°æ¤púø÷
¢Á’°æ¤p†’/ £æ«®√{Eo ûÁ©-°æúøç.
a) Every one stood up to applaud as
îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’ç-úË-¢√∞¡Ÿx. °æçúøx™ èπÿú≈ °æ¤®Ω’-í∫’-©’ç- Ææ®Ω-ü∆í¬, ÊÆo£æ«-°æ‹-®Ωy-éπ-¢Á’i† *®Ω’-†-´¤yûÓ
Tendulkar scored his 100th run =
ö«®·– The mango had worms in it. Öçô’çC. Åçü¿’-´©x Ç¢Á’ Åçõ‰ Åçü¿-Jéà ÅGµ-
4) Rear= back part- ¢Á†’é𠶵«í∫ç
´÷†ç.
õ„çúø÷-©\®˝ ûª† †÷®Ó °æ®Ω’í∫’ Bߪ’-í¬ØË He sat in the rear of the bus = Endear = É≠ædç/ ÅGµ-´÷†ç éπL-Tç-îªúøç.
Åçü¿®Ω’ ™‰* æpô’x éÌöÀd ¢Á’a-èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’.
•Æˇ™ ¢Á†’éπ Æ‘öx èπÿ®Ω’a-Ø√o-úø-ûªúø’. He has endeared himself to every one in his
b) As she finished her song, the audience
The tractor had a trailer attached to the rear office because of his good nature =
applauded her =
of it =
Ç¢Á’ §ƒô °æ‹®Ωh-´-úøçûÓ v¨ûª-©ç-ü¿®Ω÷ éπ®Ω-û√-∞¡- ÅûªúÕ ´’ç* Ææy¶µ«-´ç-´©x Åûªúø’ Åçü¿J ÅGµ-´÷-
Tractor ¢Á†’éπ ã trailer ûªT-Lç* ÖçC. Ø√Eo §Òçü∆úø’.
üµ¿y-†’-©ûÓ Ç¢Á’†’ ¢Á’a-èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’.
(¢Á÷ö«®˝ ¢√£æ«-Ø√™x rear mirror Öçô’çC– Jovial X Serious.
Applaud X denounce (°∂æ÷ô’í¬ N´’-Jzç-îªúøç–
´·êuçí¬ •£œ«-®Ωç-í∫çí¬) ¢Á†’éπ ´îËa ¢√£æ«-Ø√-©†’ driver èπ◊ îª÷Ê° Åü¿lç) F) Gloomy= sorrowful/ sad= Nî√-®Ω-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i†/
Rear wheels = back wheels (¢Á†’éπ îªv鬩’). ü¿’”ê-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i†.
3) Worm = A small creature = Ææ÷éπ~ t (*†o)
í∫’v®Ωç-™«çöÀ ïçûª’-´¤©’ ¢Á†’éπ é¬∞¡x-O’ü¿ ™‰´ôç– He appeared very gloomy because of his
v§ƒùÀ– véÀN’, *†o *†o °æ¤®Ω’-í∫’©’
rearing. father's recent death =
a) He threw the flour away as there were
The horse reared and sped away-
worms in it =
ûª† ûªçvúÕ Ñ ´’üµ¿uØË îªE-§Ú-´-úøçûÓ Åûªúø’
Ç í∫’v®Ωç ¢Á†’éπ é¬∞¡x-O’ü¿ ™‰* °æ®Ω’-í∫ç-ü¿’-èπ◊çC. Nî√-®Ωçí¬ ÖØ√oúø’.
°œçúÕ™ °æ¤®Ω’-í∫’-©’ç-úø-ôç-´©x Åûªúø’ ü∆Eo
Rear X Front. Gloomy X Cheerful.
§ƒÍ®-¨»úø’.
5) Jovial = Merry = Ææ®Ω-ü∆í¬, éπ©’-°æ¤-íÓ-©’í¬, Gloomy Åçõ‰ <éπ-öÀí¬ Ö†o ÅØË Å®Ωnç ÖçC.
îÁü¿-°æ¤-®Ω’-í∫’©’, ´’öÀd™, Å°æ-J-¨¡Ÿv¶µº v°æüË-¨»™x/ F∞¡x™
Gloomy X bright.
éπE-°œçîË °æ¤®Ω’-í∫’-©Fo èπÿú≈ worms. †NyÆæ÷h ÖçúË. Å°æ¤púø’
-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 9 -´÷-Ja 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Q. 1. Compound complex 3. He took the jar which was on the table and
sentence †’ simple broke it into pieces. (CDCX).
sentence í¬ ´÷®Ωa- Simple: Taking the jar from on the table
he broke it into pieces.
´î√a? 2. Å´-Ææ-®√-Eo-•öÃd, ´’†ç ´÷ö«xúË/ ®√ÊÆ Å稻Eo
2. Compound, complex, com-
pound complex sentence
•öÃd, Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÃd Öçô’çC. Å®·Ø√, ´÷ö«x-úË-
English
¢√é¬u-©†’ ™ ®√ÊÆ-ô- ô-°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç Ñ type of sentence ¢√ú≈L ÅE
°æ¤púø’, ´÷ö«x-úË-ô-°æ¤púø’ véπ´’ç Ç™-*ç* ¢√úøç-í∫ü∆? Å™« Å®·ûË ØÓöx †’ç*
àN’ö ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’-í∫-©®Ω’. ´÷ô©’ ®√´¤. Ç™-*-Ææ÷hØË ÖçúÕ-§Úû√ç. à sen-
tence ™ îÁ§ƒp-©-ØËC automatic í¬ ´îËa-Ææ’hçC.
- Seshanna, Adoni
´’†èπ◊ regular practice ´¤çõ‰. Spoken
A. 1. ´÷®Ωa-´îª’a. English ™ áèπ◊\´ short sentences (not
eg 1: The book is about gardening and has always simple, may be complex/ compound
Q. 1. English ™ tenses †’ 12 A. 1. English ™ à °æE á°æ¤púø’ ïJTçü¿E ûÁ©-°æ-úøç™,
sold well because it tenses (verb ûÁLÊ° °æE ïJ-T† Æ洒ߪ’ç), v°æA tense
too
®Ωé¬-©’í¬ áçü¿’èπ◊ N¶µº->ç-î√®Ω’?
-†’
í¬) ¢√úøû√ç. àüÁjØ√
is very useful èπ◊ ´÷Í® form of the verb, î√™«, î√™« ´·êuç. ûÁ©’-
Compound, Complex speech É¢√y-©-†’-èπ◊-†o-°æ¤púø’, ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ´®Ωh-´÷†ç, ¶µº÷ûª-鬩ç,
í∫’™ tenses v§ƒ´·êuç î√™« ûªèπ◊\´.
í¬ ´‚úø’ ®Ω鬙‰ éπü∆? Sir -´÷-vûª-¢Ë’ correct ûÁ©’-í∫’™ à °æE á°æ¤púø’ ïJ-Tç-ü¿-ØËC ûÁL-
(CDCX) prepare
¶µºN-≠æuû˝ 鬩ç ÅE
Simple ..
®√ÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø÷ Å®·ûË
Simple: Very useful, sen-
Å´¤û√ç éπ†’éπ, Å°æ¤púø’
the book tence N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ´’†èπ◊ 2. News papers Ê°®Ωx Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊, time expressions (É°æ¤púø’, Í®°æ¤,
about gardening has sold well. choice sentence select
Öçô’çC. ÅçûË-é¬E ´·çü¿’ 'The" ÅØË article ®√¢√L Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊, í∫ûªç™ etc) O’ü¿ áèπ◊\´ Çüµ∆-®Ω-°æ-úøû√ç. ûËú≈-
2. Very few know and fewer still have îËÆæ’-èπ◊E ´÷ö«xúøç éπü∆? éπü∆? eg: The Hindu, The New ™„ç-ü¿’-éπçõ‰ Ç ¶µ«≠æ© B®Ω’ ÅçûË.
heard about what exactly happened. Indian Express. é¬E DC Ê°®Ω’ 2. DC ´·çü¿’, paper title ™ print îËߪ’-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a. é¬E
(CDCX) ´·çü¿’ áçü¿’èπ◊ Öçúøü¿’? ü∆E í∫’Jç* ´÷ö«x-úË-ô-°æ¤púø’, The Deccan Chronicle
Simple: Very few know about the hap- 3. Respected Sir, Dear Sir, Sir- ÅØË ÅØ√L.
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
pening, still fewer hearing OöÀ™ àC correct? 3. Sir ÅØËüË correct. Dear Sir, Respected Sir, ÆæÈ®j†
about it. 430 - A. Sudhakar, Bhiknoor English usage é¬ü¿’.

Q. 19. You've learnt the

Don't slander/ backbite others

éÀçC- -¢√é¬u-©-†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™
ᙫ -Å-Ø√-™ -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’
í∫-©®Ω’.
1. O’®Ω’ îªü¿’-´¤-éÌ-î√a®√?
2. °æéπ\¢√∞¡x-O’ü¿ î√úŒ©’
îÁ°æpèπ◊.
3. áçûª ®√¨»-®Ω-†oC é¬ü¿’ ´·êuç. áçûª- F-ö¸í¬
®√¨»-®Ω-†oC ´·êuç.
4. Åçü¿®Ω÷ îª÷°œç-î√®√?
5. ®ΩO! ÅJ-*† ¢√∞¡xÊ°®Ω’x ®√®·!
6. ®√ߪ’E¢√∞¡Ÿx á´-È®jØ√ ÖØ√o®√?
7. Åçü¿-Jéà °æ¤Ææh-鬩’ ÖØ√oߪ÷?
8. OöÀE †’´¤y ®ÓW ®√Ææ÷h Öçú≈L.
9. Éçé¬ îª÷°œçîË¢√∞¡Ÿx á´-È®jØ√ ÖØ√o®√?
10. ´‚úÓ v°æ¨¡o ØË®Ω’a-éÓ-™‰ü∆?
11. É°∂œh-鬮˝! †’´¤y ®√®·ç--èπ◊-Ø√o¢√?
12. àß˝’! ü¿÷®Ωç ü¿÷®Ωçí¬ ï®Ω-í∫çúÕ
13. ¶«uçèπ◊™ îÁèπ◊\-¢Ë-ߪ’-ú≈-EéÀ ¢Á∞¡ŸhØ√o.
14. Åçü¿®Ω÷ í∫’®Ω’h-°-ô’d-éÓçúÕ. ´’Ja-§Úߪ÷ç ÅE
îÁ§ƒp®√! ûª†’o©’ °æúø-û√®·.
15. áEo®ÓV-™„jç-C®√ O’èπ◊ îÁ°œp!
16. ®√¢√-Lq†¢√∞¡Ÿx á´-È®jØ√ ÖØ√o®√?
17. ÉN ´îËaç-ûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ É¢Ë ØË®Ω’a-éÓçúÕ.
18. Ééπ†’ç* ®√éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷¢Ó F Ææçí∫A ûË©’≤ƒh?
19. Ñ®ÓV 3 v°æ¨¡o©’ îªC-¢√®Ω’ éπü∆? Í®°æ¤ 2 v°æ¨¡o©’
ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊E ®ΩçúÕ.
20. ؈’ îÁÊ°h-ØËØ√ O’®Ω’ îªC-¢ËC? ™‰ü¿çõ‰ îªü¿-´®√?
21. îªü¿-´úøç ®√ü¿-Ø√o®Ω’. ´*açü∆?
22. ´·çü¿’èπ◊ ®ΩçúÕ!
23. O’®Ω’ ´™„x-¢Ë-ߪ’çúÕ.
24. á´®Ó äéπ®Ω’ §Ú®· ®ΩçúÕ.
25. Åçü¿J ü¿í∫_®Ω ÖØ√oߪ÷? ™‰¢√?
26. ®√®·ç--éÓçúÕ. äéπJ ûª®√yûª äéπ®Ω’.
Åçü¿®Ω÷ ®√®·ç--èπ◊-Ø√o®√?
27. ÉC á´-JüÓ ÉîËa-ߪ’çúÕ.
28. ≤ƒ®˝! ¢Ë’´· °œ©’--èπ◊E ®√´÷?
29. ÉC Åçü¿-Jéà éπ†-°æ-úø’-ûÓçü∆?
30. Éçûª-™ØË íÓ© áçü¿’èπ◊ îËÆæ’h-Ø√ov®√?
31. Éçé¬ ØË®Ω’a-éÓE¢√∞¡Ÿx á´-È®jØ√ ÖØ√o®√?
32. Åçü¿®Ω÷ ¶«í¬ ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊E ®√¢√L Í®°æ¤.
33. ´’J-éÌ-Cl-ÊÆ-°æ-öÀéÀ §ƒÆˇ- ¶„™¸ éÌúø-û√®Ω’. §Úü¿’-´¤-í¬E
34. ¢Ë≥ƒ-™‰-ßÁ·ü¿’l! ؈’ ÅúÕ-T-†-°æ¤púø’ îÁ°æp-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷®√?
35. Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’-éπ-§Ú-´úøç´©x £æ…ï-®Ω’-é¬-™‰éπ§Úߪ÷†’. 12. Stay off/ stand at some distance.
36. N’´’tLo îªü¿-´-´’çõ‰ îªü¿-´-Í®ç-öÀ®√?
- Md. Irshad Alibaig, Kandukur
1. O’®Ω’ îªü¿’-´¤-éÌ-î√a®√?– Åçõ‰ O’ Å®Ωnç, îªü¿’-´¤-èπ◊E
´î√a®√? ÅØ√? Å™« Å®·ûË, Have you come
prepared?
2. Don't slander/ backbite others.
3. How much they have written isn't important.
How neatly they have written is.
4. Have all of you shown _? (üËEo–?)
5. Ravi, write down the names of
those who shout/ make a noise.
6. Any one who hasn't written?
7. Have all of you got books?/ Do all
of you books?/ Have all of you
books?
8. You should write this every day.
M.SURESAN
9. Has any one yet to show (üËEE?
ÅE îÁ§ ƒpL éπü∆?) their homework/ exercise,
etc./ Is there anyone who has yet to show?
10. Haven't you studied/ learnt answer to the
third question.
11. Ifthekhar, have you got it written?
13. I am going to bank to deposit the cheque.
14. Do remember everything. If you forget you
will be beaten.
15. How long ago did I tell you?/ How long is
it since I told you.
16. Is any one yet to come?
17. Study them till you learn.
18. If you don't come from at least now, I'll see
your end/ you've had it.
answers to three
questions. Learn two
more tomorrow.
20. Don't you study
unless I ask you to? Don't you learn other-
wise?
21. You said you couldn't read. Have you
learnt?
22. Come forward.
23. Mugup/ Memorise/ cram.
24. One of you go and come back.
25. Do all of you have it?
26. You get it/ Have it written one by one.
Have all of you got it written?
27. Give it to whose it is.
28. Sir, shall we call them?
29. Are all of you able to see it?/ Do all of
you see it?
30. Why are you making a noise?
31. Anyone/ is there anyone who has yet to
learn?
32. You must all come well prepared tomorrow.
33. In a short while the pass bell goes. Wait till
then.
34. Non sense. Why didn't you tell me when I
asked you?
35. I didn't attend because I didn't know.
36. Why don't you study when I ask you to?

'éπÊ°∂— -Å-Ø√-L éπ-ü∆- Q. 1. Please explain the

on the ropes,
c) On the cards = likely to
happen = may happen.
-á,- -É, -Å, -ä, -Ö ?
hitherto .. -Å-ç-õ‰ ..
meaning and context
Q. O’®Ω’ cafe Öî√a-®Ωù í∫’Jç* N´-JÆæ÷h 'Íé°∂ˇ— é¬ü¿’ of .. a) not with stand- A new plan to provide Q. English ™ vowels áEo Åçõ‰ a, e, i, o,
'éπu°∂ß˝’— ÅE îÁ§ƒp®Ω’. é¬E DEE 'éπÊ°∂— ÅØ√L ing, b) hitherto, c) on houses to the houseless is u (á, É, Åß˝’, ä, ߪ·) ÅØË Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç
éπü∆? (The 'a' in cafe sounds like that of 'a' the cards, d) on the Not withstanding her wealth, on cards = A plan will soon áçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ÆæÈ®j-†C? á, É, Å, ä, Ö ÅE
in cat. Åçõ‰ 'Èé— èπ◊, 'éπ— èπ◊ ´’üµ¿u ¨¡•lç.) ropes. she leads a simple life = She be there to provide house éπü∆ îÁ§ƒp-LqçC. N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
- P. Babu, Geddanapalli is wealthy, but she leads a to the houseless. - B. Prabhakar, Husnabad.
2. Suggest some good and
simple life.
A. Cafe - pronunciation- K ae f e i éπü∆. Cafe ™ comprehensive books for d) On the ropes = in a very bad A. a, e, i, o, u
Notwithstanding the police
ÉN ¨¡¶«l©’ é¬ü¿’, Åéπ~-®√©’.
'a', cat a, bag a, bank ™E a- Ñ 'Idioms and phrases' and situation - about to be defeat-
™E ™E presence, thieves entered Vowels ņo-°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç ¶µ«≠æ-™E Åa©’
'phrasal verbs'. ed. Having lost 6 wickets for
¨¡¶«lEo ´÷´‚-©’í¬ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ᙫ îª÷°œ≤ƒhç? the house = Though the (vowels) ÅE Ê°®Ì\ØË ¨¡¶«l© í∫’JçîË
just 85 runs, the home team
é¬uö¸, ¶«uí˚, ¶«uçé˙ ÅE ߪ’ ´ûª’hûÓ îª÷°œ≤ƒhç 3. I have a pocket size dictio- police were present, thieves is on the ropes... the home
Åçö«ç. Ç ¨¡¶«l-©†’ Ææ÷*çîË Åéπ~-®√-©†’
éπü∆? Å™«Íí cafe ™E a †’ èπÿú≈ ߪ’ ´ûª’h- nary of HARRAP'S entered the house. team will be defeated.
vowels ņ™‰ç. Å®·ûË O’®Ω-†oô’xí¬
ûÓØË îª÷°œ≤ƒhç. Åçü¿’-éπE cafe †’ éπ°∂ß˝’ ņç (London) Company. I now b) Hitherto = till now.
2. Mcmordy's Book of Idioms,
é¬èπ◊çú≈, Ñ Åéπ~-®√©’ (a, e, i, o, u) á, É,
– éπu°∂ß˝’ Åçö«ç, °æ‹Jhí¬ 'ߪ’— ´ûª’h °æ©-éπ- wish to have a big and i) The survey revealed certain
and Cambridge International
Å, ä, Ö ¨¡¶«l-©†’ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊
èπ◊çú≈. Strictly speaking, cat, bag, bank- concised one of that com- hitherto unknown facts = The
Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs. ¢√úøç. English speech ™ ûª®Ω Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-
pany. Where can I get it survey brought certain facts, TçîË 20 vowels sounds †’ ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊
3. The best is Oxford Advanced
OöÀ™x é¬uö¸, ¶«uí˚, ¶«uçé˙, ÅE é¬, ¶«, ¶«uç,
from? not known to any one till now. ¢√úøû√ç. ÅEoç-öÀF îÁ°æp™‰ç 鬕öÀd vowels
Learners Dictionary of
D®√`-©’í¬ ®√ߪ’úøç ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. ÅN ÅFo èπÿú≈
- D.KondalaRao, Srikakulam ii) Hitherto he has been smok- Åçõ‰, a, e, i, o, u äéÌ\-éπ\-öÀí¬, È®çúø’ Åéπ~-
Current English. Buy this and
Åô’ D®Ω`´‚ é¬ü¿÷ Éô’ v£æ«Ææy´‚ é¬ü¿’. 'Èé—
ing. He has started drinking
èπ◊ 'éπ— èπ◊ ´’üµ¿u ¨¡•lç ûÁ©’-í∫’™ îª÷Ê° äÍé äéπ A. 1. a) Notwithstanding = In too= Till now he has been you don't need the books ®√©’ éπLÆœ, ûÁLÊ° ¨¡¶«l©’ ÅØ√L.
Nüµ¿ç– éπu. spite of. mentioned in (2). (Language is speech. Not writing.)
smoking, ..

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 11 -´÷-Ja 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Sampreeth: Who were you talking to yesterday?

(E†o †’´¤y á´-JûÓ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤?)
Santhript: Don't you know? You talk as if you
hadn't seen him. It was Vallabh I
was talking to.
(Fèπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’ü∆? ÅûªúÕo îª÷úø-†ô’x ´÷ö«x-
úøèπ◊. ؈’ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-†oC ´©x-¶µ¸ûÓ)
Sampreeth: As soon as I came, he left, and it
was rather dim. So, I wasn't sure it
was Vallabh.
(؈’ ®√í¬ØË Åûªúø’ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’.
Å°æ¤púø’ ´’Ææéπ <éπ-öÀí¬ ÖçC. Åçü¿’-éπE
Åûªúø’ ´©x-¶µ‰Ø√ ÅE ®Ω÷úµÕí¬ ûÁL-ߪ’-™‰ü¿’).
Santhript: Why didn't you ask me yesterday
itself?
(E†oØË Ñ N≠æߪ’ç áçü¿’-éπ-úø-í∫-™‰ü¿’?)
Sampreeth: I had some thing more important
on my mind. You remember too I
was in a great hurry.
(Åçûª-éπçõ‰ ´·êu-¢Á’i† N≠æߪ’ç àüÓ Ø√
•’v®Ω™ ÖçC.
(ņ’-èπ◊çõ‰ ؈’ éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-èπ◊çú≈
ÖçúøØ√? †’´y™« à´’-†-éπ\-Í®xü¿’.)
Santhript: Take it easy old boy.
(àüÓ ÅØ√oØËx. Åçûªí¬ °æöÀdç--éÓèπ◊.)
Sampreeth: You needn't say that either. I am
the last man to take you amiss.
(ÅC èπÿú≈ †’´¤y îÁ°æp-éπ\-Í®xü¿’. E†’o
á°æ¤púø÷ ŧƒ®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ†’.)
Take somebody amiss = äéπJo ŧƒ®Ωnç
îËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç
Santhript: In no circumstances can there be
3) Even if you were in a hurry you could have
any misunderstanding between us. ´·êuçí¬ í∫´’-Eç-î√-LqçC: As if/ as though
asked me
(à °æJ-Æœn-ûª’™x èπÿú≈ ´’† ´’üµ¿u ´’†-Ææp- 4) I am the last man to take you amiss
´*a-†-°æ¤púø’, ü∆E ûª®√yûª verb á°æ¤púø÷ was/
were/ PDW (Past Doing Word) ¢√úøû√ç.
5) In no circumstances can there be any misun-
®Ωn©’ ®√´¤)
derstanding between us Å™« ¢√úÕûË, É°æpöÀ (present) Ææçí∫A ûÁL-ߪ’-°æ-®Ω’-
6) Thank you all the same Ææ’hçC. ÅüË had been/ had, pp ¢√úÕûË past
1) As if/ As though = Å®·-†ô’x, é¬F é¬ü¿’. N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-Ææ’hçC.
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 431
ÉC Spoken English ™ ¢√úË Ææçü¿-®√s¥©’ î√™«
áèπ◊\¢Ë. 鬕öÀd ¶«í¬ practise îËü∆lç.
d) Why do you look at me as if I was/ were a
cheat?= ØËØËüÓ ¢Á÷Ææí¬-úÕ†®·†ô’x îª÷Ææ’h-Ø√o-¢Ë-
(As if I was-
N’öÀ Ø√ ¢Áj°æ¤?
British, As if I were-

You talk as if you hadn't seen him

ÅçûË-é¬-èπ◊çú≈
؈-°æ¤púø’ î√™« American) Ééπ\úø ¢√úø’-ûª’-
ûÌçü¿-®Ω™ ÖØ√o- was/ were
†oC, Å®·Ø√,
†E Fèπÿ ´’†ç ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-†oC É°æpöÀ
í∫’®Ω’hçC.) (present) N≠æߪ’ç.
Santhript: Even if you were in a hurry you Sampreeth: I am sure of that too. a) He orders me about as e) He talks as if/ as though his bowling alone
could have asked me (ûÌçü¿-®Ω™ (Ø√ †´’téπç ÅüË) if/ as though I were his helped his team to win= ûª† bowling ´©x
Santhript: OK. Shall we have some drink? servant =
team
ÖØ√o èπÿú≈ ††o-úÕT ÖçúÌa éπü∆?). ØËØËüÓ ÅûªúÕ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ûª† Èí©’-Ææ’h-†oô’x (É°æ¤púø’–
But why are we wasting time on Shall I get you some coffee? °æE-´’-E-≠œ-ØÁj-†ô’x Ø√èπ◊ Present ™) Åûªúø’ ´÷ö«x-úø’-û√úø’/ Åûª-
something past? Why all that (àüÁjØ√ û√í∫’-ü∆´÷? ´’ç* coffee Çïc©’ ñ«K îËÆæ’hç-ö«úø’. †çô’çö«úø’. í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: As if/ As though
enquiry about Vallabh? Do go and É´yØ√ Fèπ◊?) (؈-ûªúÕ °æE-´’-E-≠œE é¬ü¿’) verb- helped (Past Doing Word).
b) She behaves as if she
ûª®√yûª
see him if you want to. Sampreeth: Don't feel like it now. Thanks all the bowling
M.SURESAN alone knew the truth = (ûª† ´÷vûª¢Ë’ Nï-ߪ÷-EéÀ 鬮Ω-ùç-
same.
(Å®·Ø√ Å®·-§Ú-®·ç-ü∆E í∫’Jç* Éçûª é¬ü¿’).
(Coffee
Ç¢Á’ äéπ\-ü∆-EÍé Eïç ûÁL-Æœ-
f) He is shivering as if he had seen a ghost=
û√í¬-©-E-°œç-îªúøç ™‰C-°æ¤púø’.
Æ洒ߪ’ç áçü¿’èπ◊ ´%ü∑∆? Åçûª Nî√-®Ω- Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéà thanks) †ô’x v°æ´-Jh-Ææ’hç-ü∆¢Á’. (Ç¢Á’ äéπ\-ü∆-EÍé é¬ü¿’, Éûª-®Ω’-
Åûª-úËüÓ ¶µº÷û√Eo îª÷Æœ-†ô’x (îª÷úø-™‰ü¿’) ´ùÀ-éÀ-
Now look at the following sentences from the
ù„ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ´©x-¶µ¸†’ í∫’Jç*– éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-©- ©èπ◊ éÌçûª-´’ç-CéÀ èπÿú≈ ûÁ©’Ææ’)
c) You look as though you didn't have any- §Ú-ûª’-Ø√oúø’. Ééπ\úø As if/ as though ûª®√yûª
†’-èπ◊çõ‰ ¢ÁR} éπ©’-Ææ’éÓ.) dialogue above.
thing to eat so far = verb, had + pp - ÉC past action †’
Sampreeth: As if I wouldn't if I wanted to. You 1) You talk as if you hadn't seen him
don't need to say that.
Éçûª-´-®Ωèπÿ àN’ A†-†ô’x éπE-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤ †’´¤y. (îª÷Æœ-†ô’x) ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC.
2) As soon as I came he left
(AØ√o´¤ é¬F A†-†çûª F®Ω-Ææçí¬ éπE-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤.)
EXERCISE ûª† í∫ûª @Nûªç í∫’Jç-*† b) The hawkers displayed 3) Sound = faultless 4) Get away with = escape a) He stooped to kiss the lit-
Match the expressions under A their wares on the pave- (™°æç-™‰E). punishment = ûª°æ¤p-îËÆœ Péπ~ tle boy = Ç *†o °œ™«x-úÕE
éÌEo ´·êu-¢Á’i† ¢√Ææh-¢√-©†’ ment =
with their meanings under B ´’†èπ◊ îÁ°æp-èπ◊çú≈ ÇÊ°-¨»-úøE/ OCµ™ Å´·t-èπ◊-ØË- a) Though he is eighty years ûª°œpç--éÓ-´úøç. ´·ü¿’l-°-ô’d-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ´çí¬úø’
A B ¢√∞¡Ÿx,road platform O’ü¿ old, he enjoys sound a) Though he grabbed a lot Åûªúø’.
of land he got away with it
ü∆î√-úøE Ø√ ņ’-´÷†ç.
1. Keep back A. Faultless b) Don't keep anything back
ûª´’ ´Ææ’h-´¤-©†’ v°æü¿-Jzç-î√®Ω’. health = Åûªúø’ 80 à∞¡x b) She stooped to pick up
Hawkers = peddlers = = her ring which had slipped
2. Display B. Escape from him. It is important ¢√úÁj†°æp-öÀéÃ, î√™« Ç®Ó-í∫uçí¬ áçûÓ ¶µº÷N’ éπ¶«b îËÆœ-†-°æp-öÀéÃ
punishment that he know everything (shops
Oüµ¿’™x ™‰E-¢√∞¡Ÿx) ÖØ√oúø’. Åûªúø’ Péπ~-°æ-úø-èπ◊çú≈ ûª°œpç--èπ◊- down = ñ«J-°æ-úÕ-§Ú-®·† Öçí∫-
3. Sound C. Bend that concerns him = Å´·t-èπ◊-ØË-¢√∞¡Ÿx. b) His financial position is Ø√oúø’. ®√Eo BÆæ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ Ç¢Á’
4. Get away with D. withhold ÅûªúÕ ü¿í∫_®Ω àD ü∆îª-´ü¿’l/ pavement = road èπ◊ È®çúø’ sound = ÅûªúÕ ÇJnéπ °æJ-ÆœnAéÀ b) Don't drive without your éÀçü¿èπ◊ ´çTçC.
5. Stoop E. Reveal ÅûªúÕéÀ ûÁL-ߪ÷-Lq† à Ææ´÷- ¢Áj°æ¤™« §ƒü¿-î√-®Ω’-©-éÓÆæç áûª’hí¬ àç úµÓ鬙‰ü¿’/ î√™« ¶«í¬ helmet on. You cannot get c) Politicians stoop to any
F. Exhibit î√®Ωç Ç°æ-´ü¿’l. Åûª-úÕéÀ Ææç•ç- éπõ‰d platforms. Platform/ foot ÖçC. away with it = Helmet level for their selfish pur-
G. Unhappy Cµç-*† ÅEo N≠æ-ߪ÷©÷ path ÆæÈ®j† ´÷ô©’ 鬴¤. c) The advice he gives is ™‰èπ◊çú≈ ¢√£æ«†ç †úø-°æèπ◊. Péπ~- poses = ûª´’ ≤ƒy®Ωn-v°æ-ßÁ÷-ï-Ø√-
KEY: 1-D, 2-F, 3-A, 4-B, 5-C. ÅûªúÕéÀ ûÁL-ߪ’úøç ´·êuç. Pavement ü∆EéÀ correct Ê°®Ω’. always sound = Åûª-úÕîËa °æ-úø-èπ◊çú≈ ûª°œpç--éÓ-™‰´¤. ©-éÓÆæç ®√ï-éÃ-ߪ’-Ø√-ߪ’-èπ◊©’ à
c) It is surprising that he got
Explanation: keep back X reveal (ûÁL-ߪ’- Pavement dwellers = pave- Ææ©£æ… á°æpöÀéà ´’ç*üË. ≤ƒn®·-ÈéjØ√ Cí∫-ñ«-®Ω’-û√®Ω’.
away with just 3 months in
ment d) A Sound mind in a sound d) I can't stoop to lying just
1) Keep back = Withhold = ñ‰-ߪ’úøç) O’ü¿ E´-ÆœçîË ¢√∞¡Ÿx. jail though he cheated
2) Display = exhibition = c) There was a display of the body = for a thousand rupees =
people of lakhs of rupees
ÇÊ°-ߪ’úøç. àüÁjØ√ äéπ N≠æߪ’ç/ ¨»K-®Ω-é¬-®Óí∫uçûÓ §ƒô’
Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç °æ‹Jh-í¬-í¬F, éÌçûªí¬F v°æü¿-®Ωz†. latest model jewellery at ´÷†-Æœ-é¬-®Óí∫uç. = ©éπ~© ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’© ¢Ë’®Ωèπ◊ Íé´©ç ¢Ë®· ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’© éÓÆæç
a) There was a display of the ornament show= e) Sound thinking = ÆæÈ®j† Å•-ü∆l¥©’ îÁÊ°p ≤ƒn®·éÀ ؈’
îÁ°æp-èπ◊çú≈ ü∆ߪ’úøç. ¢Á÷Ææç îËÆ œ-†-°æp-öÀéÃ, Åûªúø’
a) I suspect he has kept excellent batsmanship by †í∫© v°æü¿-®Ωz†™ û√ñ« Ç™-îª-Ø√-Ææ-®ΩR. ´‚úø’ ØÁ©© jail Péπ~ûÓ ûª°œpç- Cí∫-ñ«-®Ω-™‰†’.
back from us some impor- Rohit sharma = ®Ó£œ«-û˝-¨¡®Ωt model Ƕµº-®Ω-ù«© v°æü¿-®Ωz† Of an unsound mind = ´’A -éÓ-´úøç Ǩ¡a-®Ωuçí¬ ÖçC. °j list ™, keep back, get
batsmanship (bats- away with ™«çöÀ expressions
tant facts about his earlier îªéπ\öÀ ÖçC. ÆœnN’-ûªç-™‰E. 5) Stoop = Bend = ´çí∫úøç/
life = man ØÁj°æ¤ùuç) v°æü¿-Jzç-î√úø’. Display X conceal. Sound X unsound (ÆæJ-í¬-™‰E) Cí∫-ñ«-®Ωúøç. †’ phrasal verbs Åçö«ç.

Q. 1. "We arranged to meet at 7:30 'Never turned up' is almost the same as 'did d) I've been waiting for since 3.30, but she
He interests in dance ÅE ®√ßÁ·-a-í∫ü∆?
but she never turned up." not turn up' (Never turned up = hasn't turned up yet. Yet= (till
4. Pronunciation dictionary
-Ñ ¢√é¬uEo Ç¢Á’ -®√-ØË-™‰ü¿’. -É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ èπ◊ Ææ÷*ç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
"We arranged to meet at 7:30 but she did not turn up = now) have + pp / has + pp
- Madhavan, Hyderabad.
Ç¢Á’ ®√™‰ü¿’.) ņo-°æ¤púø’,
Yet = Éçé¬/ É°æp-öÀéÃ. ÉC has not turned up = Past Doing Word (did turn)
she didn't turn up yet." Å-E îÁ°æp-´î√a?- ¢√-úø-û√ç. ®√ü¿’. A. 1) Gita is singing and working at the same
2. éÀçC ¢√é¬u©’ éπÈ®-ÍédØ√? Q. 1. àéπ-é¬-©ç™ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o È®çúø’ Ωu-©†’ îÁ°æp-ú≈-
Ç¢Á’ É°æp-öÀéà ®√™‰ü¿’, ÅØË Å®Ωnç. Did not turn up/ time = Gita is singing while she is working/
Why didn't you turn up to the party yesterday? Never turned up = (í∫ûªç) Ç¢Á’ ®√™‰ü¿’. EéÀ O’®Ω’ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ùí¬– "Gita is singing and while she is at work/ as she is singing =
Sorry! I am not going to turn up my duty to-day. 2) a) Turn up to - wrong. turn up for, correct. working at the same time" ÅE Ê°®Ì\-Ø√o®Ω’. Gita is working while singing - OK.
Kavitha didn't turn up to yesterday class? (Why didn't you turn up for the party yes- "Gita is working while singing songs" (Uûª 2) Ravi is eating while watching the TV - OK.
I've been waiting for her since 3:30 pm but she terday?). §ƒô©’ §ƒúø’-èπ◊çô÷ °æE-îË-Ææ’hçC) ÅØÌ-a-í∫ü∆? 3) He interests Åçõ‰ Åûª-úø’- Éûª-®Ω’-©èπ◊ ÇÆæéÀh éπL-
didn't turn up yet. - P. Sumalatha, Hyderabad. b) Sorry, I am not going to turn up for duty 2. Ravi is eating while watching T.V. (®ΩN öÃO He is interested
T-≤ƒhúø’ ÅE Å®Ωnç éπü∆? Åçõ‰
A. 1) We arranged ..... but she never turned up today. (my duty Ééπ\úø ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’.Turn up îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊çô÷ ņoç Açô’-Ø√oúø’) ÅØÌ-a-í∫ü∆? (dance
Åûª-úÕéÀ ÇÆæéÀh ™) ÖçC.
= We arranged .... but she did not turn up. ûª®√yûª, for ®√¢√L, duty/ party etc. ´·çü¿’) 3. Åûª-úÕéÀ dance Åçõ‰ interest ņ-ú≈-EéÀ– "He is 4) Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of
Yet Ééπ\úø ¢√úøç. c) Kavitha didn't turn up for yesterday's class. interested in dance" ÅE áçü¿’èπ◊ ®√≤ƒh®Ω’? Current English.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 13 -´÷-Ja 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

2. Let my advice be followed- correct.

Q. 1. ' ¶µ«≥ƒ äéπ\-≤ƒJ îÁ°œpûË
(My advice should be followed is the pas-
´çü¿-≤ƒ®Ω’x îÁ°œp-†õ‰x.— Ñ sive of "You should follow my advice")
¢√é¬uEo ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ᙫ
3. Poems/ Verses/ Compositions/ Pieces of
îÁ§ƒpL? poetry.
2. Follow my advice.
4. 'He exclaimed that it was a
®√ߪ’-èπÿ-úøü¿’.
passive My
very beautiful building'
DEE ™ ÅØ√L.
advice should be fol-
5. Antecedent: äéπ sentence/ clause/ phrase
lowed ÅE ®√ßÁ·î√a?
Let my advice be
™ äéπ ´÷ô†’ í∫’Jç* îÁ°æ‹h, Ç ´÷ô ¢Á†-éπ-
™‰ü∆ ´îËa ÉçéÓ ´÷ô, ´·êuçí¬ äéπ pronoun.
followed
a) He stopped the ball and threw it at the
ÅØ√™«?
The teacher spoke to the students about the
3. 'éπN-ûª©’—– ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’? stumps. sentence Q. 1. I am talking èπ◊, I am speaking èπ◊ ûËú≈ exams= teacher
Ñ ™
¶µ«≥ƒ äéπ\-≤ƒJ îÁ°œpûË ..
4. What a beautiful build- ball, it antecedent (It,
èπ◊ àN’öÀ? ®√†’†o °æK-éπ~© í∫’Jç* Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©ûÓ
ing is it! He
DEE ball †’ í∫’Jç* îÁ§ÚhçC 2. ؈’ Fèπ◊ ÆœE´÷ îª÷°œ-≤ƒh†’. DEE ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ I
´÷ö«x - ú ≈®Ω ’ . (Çߪ ’ † ´÷ö«x - ú ø í ¬ Nü∆u- ® Ω ’ n © ’ NØ√o®Ω’)
We talked about our school days = ´÷ •úÕ
exclaimed that what a éπü∆?) will show you a film ÅØ√™«? I will take you
a film ÅØ√™«? - VD Anand, Koppole
beautiful building it was
ÅE ®√ßÁ·î√a? b) She gave me a book which was very
®ÓV© í∫’Jç* ´÷ö«x-úø’-èπ◊Ø√oç. (Ééπ\úø Ö†o ¢√∞¡xç-
A. 1) Speak ´·êu-¢Á ’i†
interesting.
ü¿®Ω÷ ´÷ö«x-úÕ-†ô’x). Ñ
5. Grammar ™ antecedent Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ?
í∫’Jç* formal í¬ á´-J-ûÓ-ØÁjØ√ Speak - talk Ææspeak çü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ talk •ü¿’©’
DE™ N≠æ-ߪ÷©
- KSR, Marturu which (pronoun) èπ◊,
book antecedent. ´÷ö«x-úøôç. Speak Åçõ‰ ´÷ö«x-úø’- ¢√úø™‰ç éπü∆?
A. 1. If Bhasha says so 2) I will show you a film, correct é¬ü¿’. I will take
once, he has said it èπ◊ç-ô’-†o-¢√-J™ äéπ®Ω’ N’í∫û√ ¢√∞¡x-éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ you to a film, correct.
a hundred times/ If ´÷ö«x-úø-û√®Ω’. Talk, á°æ¤púø÷ ´·êu N≠æ-ߪ÷©
I will show you a film Åçõ‰ Ç film †’ (cine-
Bhasha says so
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
í∫’JçîË é¬éπ-§Ú-´îª’a. 鬩-Íé~-§ƒ-EéÀ éÌçûª-´’çC
´·îªa-ö«x-úø’-éÓ-´úøç, Ææ綵«-≠œç--éÓ-´úøç talk Å´¤- ma †’) O’®Ω’ B¨»®Ω’, ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ îª÷°œ-≤ƒh-®ΩØË Å®Ωnç
once, it is saying so 432 ûª’çC. Speak É™«çöÀ Ææçü¿-®√s¥-©èπ◊ ¢√úøç. ´Ææ ’hçC.
a hundred times. M.SURESAN

Q. 1) But then they have b) They robbed him of

T hey have had their her oes too

had their heroes too. his watch and chain =
Ñ ¢√é¬u-EéÀ Å®Ωnç, Have, ¢√∞¡x-ûªúÕ watch-†’, íÌ©’-
had ©†’ °æéπ\-°æ-éπ\ØË Ö°æ- Ææ’†’ ™«èπ◊\-Ø√o®Ω’.
ßÁ÷-Tç-*† -éÌEo ¢√é¬u©’ 3) ÉC î√™«-≤ƒ®Ω’x
b) He has had this car for a year a) He got the permission
ûÁ©’-°æí∫-©®Ω’. N´-Jçî√ç. ÅC ¢√úø’éπ
2) Sports & Games, get - obtain, now = car
É™«çöÀ¢√öÀ™x äÍé-≤ƒJ áèπ◊\-´-´’çC (usage). English ´÷ûª%-¶µ«≠æí¬ éπ©-
í∫ûª Ææç´-ûªq-®Ωçí¬ Åûª-úÕéà b) He obtains the permission =
steal - rob §ƒ™Ô_ç-ö«®Ω’, áèπ◊\´ (È®çúÕç-öÀ-éπçõ‰)
car
¶µ‰ü¿ç -N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.
3) I am a student, aren't I? ques-
ÖçC (ÅûªúŒ †’ éπLT ÖØ√oúø’) áèπ◊\´ team ©’ §ƒ™Ô_-†-´îª’a– É™«ç- Åûªúø’ ņ’-´’A §Òçü∆úø’. Å®·ûË, ¢√∞¡Ÿx Å™« Åçö«®Ω’ 鬕öÀd, Åçü¿®Ω÷
c) He has just had his dinner =
™
tion tag aren't I èπ◊ áçü¿’-éÌ-Ææ’hçC? öÀN sports. Å™«-é¬-èπ◊çú≈, äÍé-≤ƒJ, obtain î√™« ví¬çC∑éπç. Å™«ØË ÅØ√L.
Åûª-úÕ-°æ¤púË ¶µçîË-¨»úø’. a) He got his degree iv) FLOCCINAUCINIHILIPILIFICA-
4) Éü¿lJ ´’üµ¿u, È®çúø’ ïô’x ´÷vûª¢Ë’
TION (29 letters- Longest non
Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ™ ÅA-°ü¿l °æü¿ç àN’öÀ? Ééπ\úø tense - present perfect form:
5) §ƒ™Ô_ØË véÃúø©’– Tennis, football, b) He obtained his degree
technical word)
؈’ E†’o vÊ°N’-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’ ÅE îÁ°æp-ú≈- Have/ has + pp of 'have' (had)
EéÀ I love you Åçö«ç. Å™«Íí ؈’ cricket ™«çöÀN, games. b)
v) I am friends with you/ I am your
v¨¡´’ Öçü¿E ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC.
2) È®çúÕç-öÀéà ü∆ü∆°æ¤ äÍé Å®Ωnç, véÃúø, get = §Òçü¿úøç = obtain. Å®·ûË
FûÓ ÊÆo£æ«ç îËÆæ’h-Ø√o†’ ÅE ᙫ Steal friend. Love verb
îÁ§ƒpL? véÃú≈ éπ™«-§ƒ-©-Eoç-öÀF éπL°œ sports get, ´÷´‚©’ spoken form,
Åçõ‰ üÌçT-Lç-îªúøç. äéπ-JéÀ (vÊ°´’) èπ◊
ûÁL-ߪ’-èπ◊çú≈ ¢√∞¡x ´Ææ’h´¤ Åvéπ-´’çí¬ form love
- V Purushotham, Ammakkapeta obtain ví¬çC∑éπç. Éçé¬ get =
Åçö«ç. Å®·ûË ´÷´‚-©’í¬ äÍé- (vÊ°-N’ç-îª-úøç) -™«í¬
friend verb form
A.
BÊÆ-Ææ’-éÓ-´úøç (®Ω£æ«-Ææuçí¬). (ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’-úø’) èπ◊
1) Å®·Ø√ ¢√-∞¡xheroes ¢√∞¡xèπÿ (Éçûª- ≤ƒJ Éü¿lJ ´’üµ¿u/ È®çúø’ ïôx ´’üµ¿u §Òçü¿úøç/ ûÁa-éÓ-´úøç/ Ææ秃-Cç--
´÷vûª¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈, áèπ◊\-´-´’çC ´’üµ¿u éÓ-´úøç/ BÆæ’-èπ◊- ®√-´úøç. obtain= Rob= üÓ°œúÕ îËߪ’úøç– äéπJ ´Ææ’h´¤ ™‰ü¿’, ÊÆo£æ«ç îËÆæ’h-Ø√o†’ ÅØË
´-®Ωèπÿ) ÖØ√o®Ω’.
äÍé-≤ƒJ ïJÍí §ÚöÃ-©†’ sports Å®ΩnçûÓ. Be friend ÅE ÖçC,
a) I have had three cups of coffee §Òçü¿úøç ´÷vûª¢Ë’, ÅC èπÿú≈ •©-´ç-ûªçí¬, üˆ®Ω-b†uçí¬ ™«éÓ\-´úøç.
so far = 3 cups
É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπÿ ؈’ Åçö«®Ω’. Running race (°æ®Ω’í∫’ v°æߪ’ûªo °∂æL-ûªçí¬. Get ™ a) He stole my pen= Ø√ pen üÌçT- Å®·ûË ü∆EéÀ– äéπ-JûÓ ÊÆo£æ«ç °ô’d-
of coffee û√T ÖØ√o†’. °æçüÁç), high jump, long jump- v°æߪ’ûªoç ™‰éπ-§Ú-´îª’a. compare: Lç-î√úø’. éÓ-´úøç ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC.

Q. Be form + participle éπ-LÆœ V3, -Å-™«Íí Be form + ing éπ-LÆœ V4 Q. Man, person, candidate- OöÀE ᙫ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√™ Q. 1. As, Although; 2. But, also - -O-öÀéÀ Ææç-•ç-Cµç-* -Ø√-©’í∫’
Å-´¤-û√®· éπ-ü∆. é¬-E– ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ߪ·ç-ö«úø’, îËÆæ÷h ÖçúÕ Öçö«úø’, ´Ææ÷h ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. - M.Satyanarayana, Hyderabad. Ö-ü∆£æ«®Ω-ù-©-†’ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. - K. Sandhya, Chirala
Öçö«úø’ ™«çöÀ clear í¬ ûÁL-ߪ’E verbs èπ◊ -Ñ ÅÆæ-´÷-°æéπ -véÀ-ߪ÷ A. Man= ´’í∫-¢√úø’.
®Ω÷§ƒEo -á-™« ¢√úøû√ç? N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. - P Janaki Rao, Salur A. 1. __ it was raining we went out, 2. We went out __ it was
He is a handsome man= Åûªúø’ Åçü¿-¢Á’i† ¢√úø’. raining. sentences although cor-
A. V3 Åçõ‰ØË Past Participle éπü∆? Å™«Íí Íé´©ç '...ing' form ØË V4
Ñ È®çúø’ ™ èπÿú≈, äéπõ‰
Man= rect; Although= Although it was raining=
Man - person
´’E≠œ. Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ,
Åçö«®Ω’. Strictly speaking (correct í¬ Å®·ûË) Past Participle Man is mortal= ´®Ω{ç ´Ææ’h-†o-
(V3), Present Participle (V4)- ing form verbs 鬴¤. O’®Ω-†oô’x ÅN
ÅÆæ-´÷-°æéπ (Non finite) verbs.
´’E-≠œéÀ ´’®Ω-ùÀçîË °æp-öÀéÃ. È®çúø’ As, Although; But, also
¢ÁR}-§Ú-ߪ·ç-ö«úø’ = He must have gone. be for m + ..
Ææy¶µ«´ç ÖçC (Ééπ\úø Man= ´’E≠œ= ´÷†-´¤©’= °æ¤®Ω’-≠æfl©’, sentences
Æ‘Y©’ éπL°œ). Å®·ûË ´’í∫, Çúø-¢√-∞¡x†’ í∫’Jç* îÁÊ°pç-ü¿’èπ◊, èπÿ Å®Ωnç 1) ´®Ω{ç ´Ææ’h-†o-°æp-öÃéà ¢Ë’ç •ßª’-öÀ-Èé∞«xç. 2) •ßª’-öÀ-
îËÆæ÷h ÖçúÕ Öçö«úø’ = He must have been doing it. man É°æ¤púø’ ¢√úøôç ™‰ü¿’. Èé∞«xç ¢Ë’ç, ´®Ω{ç ´Ææ’h-†o-°æp-öÀéÃ. Ñ È®çúÕç-öÀ™ üËE™ èπÿú≈ As
´Ææ÷h Öçö«úø’ = He must be coming. No man can live for ever= á´y®Ω’ èπÿú≈ ¨»¨¡y-ûªçí¬ ®√ü¿’. As= Åç-ü¿’-´©x. ÉC ¢√úÕûË ´îËa Å®Ωnç: ´®Ω{ç ´Ææ’h-†oç-ü¿’-
°j sentences ™ verb - must have + pp, would have been + á©x-鬩ç @Nç-îª-™‰®Ω’– Ééπ\úø no man Åçõ‰ à ´’í∫-¢√-úÁjØ√ ÅE ´©x •ßª’-öÀ-Èé∞«}ç ÅE. -D-EéÀ Å®Ωnç ™‰ü¿’-éπü∆.
ing, and must be + ing. Ñ sentences ™ Íé´©ç past participle, é¬ü¿’ éπü∆, Çúø-¢√∞¡Ÿx èπÿú≈ ÅE. °j† îÁ°œp-†ô’x, Çú≈ ´’í¬ You can't eat the cake and have it too- ÉC English ≤ƒ¢Á’ûª
Íé´©ç present participle ¢√úø-™‰-ü¿’-éπü∆. ¢√öÀ-´·çü¿’ 'be' form, must Éü¿lKo ÖüËl-Pç* îÁÊ°p-ô-°æ¤púø’, Ñ ®ÓV™x man ¢√úøôç ™‰ü¿’. = Å¢√y 鬢√L, •’¢√y 鬢√L Åçõ‰ èπ◊ü¿-®Ωü¿’ ÅE. DEo O’J-
have + pp form ™ ÖØ√o®·. ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ߪ·ç-ö«úø’. îËÆæ÷h ÖçúÕ Öçö«úø’, Å™«ç-öÀ-îÓôx ¢√úË-´÷ô person= ´uéÀh (°æ¤®Ω’-≠æflúø’/ Æ‘Y) *a† È®çúø’ sentences ™†÷, sentence *´®Ω too ¢√úø-ô¢Ë’
´Ææ÷h Öçö«úø’– ÉN Non finite verbs (ÅÆæ-´÷-°æéπ véÀߪ’©’) 鬴¤. Man doesn't live for ever- ÉC old fashioned. É°æ¤púø’ correct. Sentence No.1 ™ èπÿú≈ How can you eat the
áçü¿’-éπçõ‰ Ñ verbs ÅN ûÁLÊ° °æE-é¬-™«Eo (past) éπ*a-ûªçí¬ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰- îÁÊ°p-B®Ω’: A person doesn't live for ever= à ´uéÃh á©x-鬩ç cake and have it too? ņ-úø¢Ë’ ÆæJ. (cake A†-ØÁjØ√ AØ√L,
Ææ’h-Ø√o®· éπü∆. O’®Ω’ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√-LqçC– Íé´©ç past participle èπÿ, @Nç-Ω’. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ Öç-éÓ-ØÁjØ√ Öç-éÓ-¢√L. cake †’ Açô÷ ÅC Å®·-
be form + past participle/ have/ has/ had, etc + pp èπÿ Ö†o ûËú≈, Candidate = ŶµºuJn. (áEoéπ, °æKéπ~, áç°œ-éπ-™«çöÀ ¢√öÀéÀ §Ú-èπ◊çú≈ Öçú≈-©çõ‰ ᙫ? ÅE Å®Ωnç).
2) Íé´©ç '...ing' form èπÿ, be form + ing form èπÿ Ö†o ûËú≈. Íé´©ç §ÚöÃ-îËÊÆ)
'pp' (V3), Íé´©ç '...ing' form, verbs 鬴¤. Past participle ®Ω÷§ƒEo
¢√úøû√ç, é¬F, verb í¬ é¬ü¿’.
eg: a) The book given to him- Åûª-E-éÀ-´y-•-úÕ† °æ¤Ææhéπç (Åûª-E-éÀ-*a†
Q. 1. Æ‘´’çûªç, 2, F´¤ èπÿú≈ Ç û√†’ ´·éπ\¢Ë, 2) You are a chip off the old
block- but this expression is
3) No exact equivalent for in English.
¢Ë’†-Jéπç
3. ¢Ë’†-Jéπç. OöÀE ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ᙫ Åçö«®Ó The word nearest to is consangni-
¢Ë’†-Jéπç
limited to the
Æ‘-´’ç-û√-Eo -à-´’ç-ö«®Ω’? members of a
°æ¤Ææhéπç– ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’) ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’-í∫-©®Ω’. ty (blood relation). Consanguineous mar-
b) The song sung at the party= party ™ §ƒúø-•-úÕ† (§ƒúÕ†) §ƒô. ried is the marriage between a young man
- P.B. Bharat, Hyderabad. family.
c) The man talking to the woman (Íé´©ç... ing from) = and a young woman, who are first cousins
A. 1) Æ‘´’ç-ûªçèπ◊ correct í¬ suit ÅßË’u Shaun Pollock is a great
Ç Æ‘YûÓ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-†o-ûª†’. (having common grand parents). In the
English °æü¿ç ™‰ü¿’– ü∆Eo English ™ cricketer. After all he is a
d) The girl reading the book = °æ¤Ææhéπç îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’†o Å´÷t®· Indian tradition the marriage is
a), b) ©™ Íé´©ç pp, c) d) ™ Íé´©ç '..ing' form ´≤ÚhçC éπü∆,
´Jgç* N´-Jç-î√-LqçüË. (A ceremony in a chip off the old block (His
(¢Ë’†-Jéπç)
between first cousins, one of whom is the
5th/ 7th/ 9th month pregnant woman father Greame Pollock was
é¬E ÅN verbs 鬴¤. is given new bangles etc) also a great cricketer) cousin of the other on the mother's side.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-Ç-C¢√®Ωç 16- ´÷-Ja 2008
Nirukta: Why don't you put off your trip just by a
couple of days?
(F v°æߪ÷ùç ã È®çvúÓ-V©’ ¢√®·ü∆ ¢ËÆæ’-
éÓ-èπÿ-úøü¿÷?)
put off = ¢√®·ü∆ ¢Ëߪ’úøç
The exam has been put off = °æKéπ~ ¢√®·ü∆
°æúÕçC
Vimukta: I've reserved my journey. How can I
postpone it?
(Jï®˝y îËÊÆ-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√o†’. ᙫ ¢√®·ü∆
¢Ëߪ’†’?)
Nirukta: We can have the ticket cancelled and
the reservation made for another day,
say saturday.
(Ticket cancel îËÆæ’-èπ◊E ÉçéÓ ®ÓVèπ◊,
Åçõ‰ ¨¡E-¢√-®√-EéÀ ´’Sx reserve îËÆæ’-éÓ-´-a-
éπü∆)
Vimukta: That'll be the last thing I am going to
do. How are you sure of my accom-
modation on the saturday train?
(Ç °æE ´÷vûªç îËߪ’†’ ؈’.
That will be the last thing
¨¡E-¢√®Ωç train ™ Ø√èπ◊ berth
üÌ®Ω’-èπ◊-ûª’ç-ü¿E †´’téπç Öçü∆
Fèπ◊?)
Nirukta: My brother can manage
that. He knows people who
can help us in that. He can certainly
manage a berth for you on saturday.
(´÷ ņoߪ’u Ç N≠æߪ’ç îª÷Ææ’-éÓ-í∫-©-úø’™‰.
Ç N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç îËÊÆ-¢√∞¡Ÿx ÅûªúÕéÀ
ûÁ©’Ææ’. éπ*a-ûªçí¬ Fèπ◊ ¨¡E-¢√®Ωç berth üÌJ-
Í陫 îËߪ’í∫©úø’.)
manage = àüÁjØ√ °æE îËߪ’-í∫-©-í∫úøç
Vimukta: Even if he has people to help him, it
may be difficult. There will be certain-
ly the weekend such on saturday.
EXERCISE
Match the words and expressions
under A with their meanings under B.
A B
1. (to) go back on A Community
2. Folk B Lazy
3. (To) Sweat over C Unusual
4. Sluggish D Heavy
5 Peculiar E Work hard
Ææ£æ…-ߪ’-°æ-ú≈fúø’, Çߪ’† ÈéjÍé-®·-éÀ-*a†
F Fail ´÷ô†’ E©-¶„-ô’d-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊.
G Common Dreams are fulfiled= éπ©©’ -ØÁ®Ω-¢Ë®√®·
Key: 1-F, 2-A, 3-E, 4-B, 5-C. 2. Folk = Community = äéπ ûÁí∫èπ◊/
1) To go back on = fail - É*a† ´÷ô ´®√_-EéÀ îÁçC† v°æï©’. The village
folk= ví¬´’-Ææ’h©’/ äéπ ví¬´’ç-™ -E-¢√∞¡Ÿx.
E©-¶„-ô’d-éÓ-éπ-§Ú-´úøç/ ´÷ô N°∂æ-©-
a) The village folk are more hos-
´’-´úøç.
a) He went back on his promise of
providing us all facilities during
our stay there =
Åéπ\úø ¢Ë’ç Ö†o
Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™ ´÷èπ◊ ÅEo ≤˘éπ-®√u©’
éπLp-≤ƒh-††o ´÷ô-©†’ Åûªúø’ E©-¶„-
ô’d-éÓ-™‰ü¿’.
b) She is not one to go back on
her word = ûª†’ É*a† ´÷ô†’
E©-¶„-ô’d-éÓE ´uéÀh é¬ü∆-Núø.
Q. éÀç-C -¢√-öÀ-™ -à-C éπÈ®èπ◊d?
1) Two hours is/ are over.
2) Five hundred rupees is/ are in my
hand.
3) He, you and I attended the meeting.
You, he and I attended the meeting.
4) Soft skills -Åç-õ‰ -à-N’-öÀ?
éÀç-C-¢√-öÀ- -´’-üµ¿u -ûË-ú≈ -à-N’-öÀ?
5) Holidays, vacations, 6) Tradition - cus-
tom, 7) Suggestion - advice
- P.Srinivasa Rao, Pithapuram
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
(ûª†èπ◊ Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç îËÊÆ-¢√-∞¡Ÿx-†o-°æp-öÀéÃ, O’
ņoߪ’uèπ◊ ÅC éπ≠dçæ 鬴a. ¨¡E-¢√-®√-EéÀ
¢√®√çûªç Öçô’çC éπü∆/ ¨¡E-¢√®Ωç
¢√®√çûªç éπü∆?)
Nirukta: I am sure even then my brother can
manage it just the same.
(Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ, ´÷ ņoߪ’u ᙫíÓ äéπ™«
≤ƒCµç-îª-í∫-©-úøØË †´’téπç Ø√èπ◊çC.)
Vimukta: And when will he do it?
(ÅüÁ-°æ¤púø’ îË≤ƒh-ú≈-ߪ’†.)
Nirukta: As soon as he comes home, we will
3) All the same/ just the same = but.
talk to him about it. Let's see. b) He is the last person I want to meet = ؈’
Åçü¿-J-éπçõ‰ Çê-®Ω’† éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-ØË-¢√úË Åûªúø’/ a) I didn't help him much. He thanked me all
(ÉçöÀéÀ ®√í¬ØË ´÷ö«x-úøü∆ç. îª÷ü∆lç) the same/ just the same = ؈-ûª-úÕéÀ îËÆœ†
Look at the following sentences from the
Åûª-úÕE éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´úøç Ø√éπ-Ææq©’ É≠ædç-™‰ü¿’.
conversation above: c) An income tax raid is the last thing any rich Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç Åçûª áèπ◊\-¢ËO’ é¬ü¿’, Å®·Ø√ Ø√éπ-ûªúø’
person wants = thanks îÁ§ƒpúø’.
1) That will be the last b) He certainly is a good friend of mine. All the
thing I am going to do. Çü∆ߪ’ç °æ†’o ÅCµ-é¬-®Ω’©
same he doesn't tell me everything about
2) Even if he has peo-
ü∆úÕ à üµ¿E-èπ◊-úÕéà É≠ædç
ple to help him it may -Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 433
Öçúøü¿’. (¢√∞¡Ÿx 鬢√-©-†’- his earnings = Åûªúø’ Ø√èπ◊ ´’ç* N’vûª’úË.
Å®·Ø√ ûª† Ææ秃-ü¿† í∫’Jç* ÅEo N≠æ-ߪ÷©÷
be difficult. èπ◊-ØË-¢√-öÀ™x ÅC *´-JC)
Ø√ûÓ îÁ°æpúø’.
c) You may not buy it. Just the
same/ all the same you can see
it =
†’´yC é̆-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a, é¬F ü∆Eo
îª÷úÌ-a-éπü∆.
4) As soon as = ¢ÁçôØË/ ûªéπ~-ù¢Ë’
3) I am sure my brother can manage a) This lecturer is very sincere. As soon as he
2) Even if = Å®·Ø√ èπÿú≈
it all the same. takes the attendance, he begins teaching =
a) Even if he comes here I will not
4) As soon as he comes back we will Çߪ’† î√™« *ûªh-¨¡ŸCl¥ Ö†o lecturer.
talk to him about it. talk to him =
Attendance
Åûª-úÕ-éπ\-úÕéÀ ´*aØ√ BÆæ’-èπ◊†o ¢ÁçôØË ¶üµ¿† v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ-
1) The last thing/ the last person/ (time waste
؈-ûª-úÕûÓ ´÷ö«x-úø†’.
b) Even if I have to walk all the
≤ƒhúø’ îËߪ’-èπ◊çú≈)
the last place, etc = ´’†-éπ-Ææq©’ b) As soon as he came in he switched on the
way, I will go there =
etc. Åçûª TV = TV on
É≠ædç-™‰E N≠æߪ’ç/ ´uéÀh/ v°æü˨¡ç, ™°æ-LéÀ ´*a† ¢ÁçôØË î˨»úø’.
a) A hospital is the last place we M.SURESAN ü¿÷®Ω´‚ †úø-¢√-Lq-†-°æp-öÀéÃ, ؈-éπ\-úÕéÀ c) As soon as the shop opened, all the copies
wish to go to = ¢Á∞«h†’. of the book were sold out = Shop
´’†ç Åûªuçûª ûÁJ-*†
ûªèπ◊\´ É≠ædçûÓ ¢Á∞Ïx-îÓô’ ÇÆæ’°ævA/ á´®Ω’ èπÿú≈ ÉC Åçõ‰, even if, even though, though, ¢ÁçôØË, Ç °æ¤Ææh-é¬-©Fo Å´·t-úÁj-§Ú-ߪ÷®·.
ÇÆæ’-°æ-vAéÀ ¢Á∞Ïxçü¿’èπ◊ É≠æd-°æ-úø®Ω’. although éÀ ü¿í∫_®Ω.
c) Hope you don't go back on c) The folks at home will be angry a) Chandra's behaviour at the
4) Sluggish = lazy = •ü¿l-éπç-í∫©/
what you've said now = if I go home late = party was peculiar =
•ü¿l-éπçûÓ Ö†o/ î√™« ´’çü¿-éÌ-úÕí¬
†’Ny°æ¤púø†o ´÷ô†’ †’´¤y E©-¶„-ô’d- ØËEç-öÀéÀ Ç©-Ææuçí¬ ¢Á∞Ïh Éçöx-¢√∞¡Ÿx E†o party ™ îªçvü¿ v°æ´-®Ωh†
Eü∆-†çí¬ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o.
èπ◊ç-ö«-´ØË ÇP-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’. éÓ°æp-úø-û√®Ω’. Nçûªí¬ ÖçC.
Go back on X fulfil/ keep = a) The police investigation of the
Folk Åçõ‰ 'ñ«†-°æü¿— ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ b) The Telangana issue has put
crime has been sluggish =
ÖçC. Folk tales = ñ«†-°æü¿ í¬ü∑¿©’, the government in a peculiar
É*a† ´÷ô†’ E©-¶„-ô’d-éÓ-´úøç
Srirama helped his father to
Folk dance = ñ«†-°æü¿ †%ûªuç, Folk
Ç ØË®Ωç ü¿®√u°æ¤h î√™« ´’çü¿-éÌ-úÕí¬, situation =
keep/ fulfil his promise to Eü∆-†çí¬ ïJ-Tç-Cç-ûª-´-®Ωèπ◊.
music = ñ«†-°æü¿ ÆæçUûªç – •’v®Ω-éπ-ü∑¿©’,
Kaikeyi =
ûÁ©ç-í¬ù Å稡ç/ N≠æߪ’ç
X®√-´·úø’ ü¿¨¡-®Ω-ü∑¿’-úÕéÀ °æ™„x-°æ-ü∆©’ ™«çöÀN. b) If he continues to be sluggish
v°æ¶µº’-û√yEo î√™« Nçûª °æJ-Æœn-A™
he can't finish the work in time =
Hi, folks = ´’† friends †’ äéÓ\-≤ƒJ Öç*çC/ °æúË-ÆœçC.
É™« Åçö«ç/ °œ©’-Ææ’hçö«ç. Åûª-úÕ™« ´’çü¿-éÌ-úÕí¬/ •ü¿l-éπ-Ææ’h-úø’í¬ c) The drink had a peculiar taste
3) To sweat over = v¨¡N’ç-îªúøç/ àüÁjØ√
é̆-≤ƒ-í∫’ûª÷ Öçõ‰ Ææé¬-™«-EéÀ °æE = Ç §ƒFߪ’ç ®Ω’* î√™« Nçûªí¬/
v¨¡´’°æúÕ-îË-ߪ’úøç, sweat = ’ô. °æ‹Jh-îË-ߪ’-™‰úø’. ´÷´‚-©’-é¬-E-Cí¬ ÖçC.
a) I really sweated over the book = c) The work on the project is very
d) He is peculiar OK, but we have
sluggish =
to bear with his peculiarities for
؈’ Ç °æ¤Ææh-é¬Eo éπ≠d-°æ æúÕ ®√¨»†’/ ؈’
pitable than the towns folk = Ç °æ¤Ææhéπç ®√ߪ’-ú≈-EéÀ î√™« v¨¡´’-°æ-ú≈f†’. Ç -v§ƒ-ñ„èπ◊d °æ†’©’ î√™« ´’çü¿-éÌ-úÕí¬ some time =
°æôo-¢√Ææ v°æï-©-éπçõ‰ ví¬´÷™x b) The Indians sweated over the Eü∆-†çí¬ ≤ƒí∫’-ûª’-Ø√o®·.
Åûªúø’ é¬Ææh Nçûª, é¬F éÌçûª-鬩ç
sluggard = •ü¿l-éπ-Ææ’húø’. (Ææxí∫ú˛ – í∫ú˛,
v°æï©’ ÇAü∑¿uç (Çü¿-®Ωù) áèπ◊\´ victory in the match = Match î√™«
ÅûªúÕ Nçûª ûªû√yEo ´’†ç ¶µºJç-î√-
îª÷°œ-≤ƒh®Ω’. v¨¡´’-°æúÕ ÈíL-î√®Ω’ ¶µ«®Ω-B-ߪ·©’/ ¢√∞¡Ÿx bird ™ '•— ™«í∫.) LqçüË.
b) The working class folk in most
match ÈíL-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ î√™« v¨¡´’°æ-ú≈f®Ω’. Sluggish X fast Peculiar X ordinary/ normal/
countries lead a mechanical life
c) He sweated over the report the 5) Peculiar = unusual = general.
= î√™« ü˨»™x v¨»N’-éπ-´®Ω_ v°æï©’ ´÷´‚-©’-
whole night = Ç J§Ú®˝d ûªßª÷-®Ω’- é¬E/ ´÷´‚-©’-éπçõ‰ Gµ†oçí¬ Ö†o/
ûª´’ @N-û√Eo ߪ÷çvA-éπçí¬ í∫úø’-°æ¤-
ûª’ç-ö«®Ω’. îË-ÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ ®√vûªçû√ v¨¡´’-°æ-ú≈fúø-ûª-úø’. Nçûªí¬ Ö†o.
A. The following are the correct 5) Holidays Åçõ‰ Å°æ¤p-úø-°æ¤púø’, ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ ûªèπ◊\´ 6) Tradition Åçõ‰ Ææçv°æü∆ߪ’ç. äéπ Ææ´÷-ïç™
ones because any amount of é¬©ç ´îËa ÂÆ©´¤©’. Vacations Åçõ‰
î√™«-é¬-©çí¬ v°æï©’ §ƒöÀçîË @´†KA. Éç-ü¿’-™
money and any period of time ¶µ«í∫ç, custom = dž-¢√-®·B– custom is a part
àéπGT† áèπ◊\´ ®ÓV©’ ÂÆ©-´¤©’ ®√´úøç.
are singular. a) We have three holidays during this of the tradition. A custom is a habit/ prac-
1) Two hours is over (correct) week - Ñ ¢√®Ωç™ 3 ®ÓV©’ ÂÆ©´¤. tice of a group of people, and carried on by
generation. A number of customs make a
2) Five hundred rupees is a big (´‚úø’-®Ó-V©÷ ´®Ω’-Ææí¬ ®√†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’–
tradition. Tradition ņo-°æ¤púø’ é¬Ææh ´’ûª Ææç•ç-
amount (correct)
´‚úø’-®Ó-V-™«xçöÀ ûªèπ◊\-´í¬ Ö†o ÂÆ©´¤©’
vacation é¬ü¿’.) üµ¿-¢Á’i† N≠æߪ’ç ÅØËC èπÿú≈ Ææ’p¥JÆæ’hçC.
3) You, he and I - correct 7) Advice = Ææ©£æ…; suggestion = Ææ÷. ´’†ç
b) The court is on vacation = éÓ®Ω’d ÂÆ©´¤™ x
4) Soft skills - personality development advice É*a-†-°æ¤púø’ É™« îÁ®·u ÅE Åçö«ç.
(î√™« ®ÓV-©-§ƒô’ äÍé-≤ƒJ) ÖçC.
including communication
c) Vacation usually extends over weeks
(´uéÀhûªy Né¬Ææç) Ææ÷ Å®·ûË, ؈’ îÁÊ°pC èπÿú≈ Ç™-*ç
skills, time management, positive atti- and is continuous. ÅE Å®Ωnç. Ææ÷ (suggestion) éπçõ‰, advice
tude, goal setting and decision making. (Ææ©£æ…) í∫öÀdí¬ îÁ°æpúøç Å´¤-ûª’çC.
-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 18 ´÷-Ja 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
Irfan: Still in the same job? Won't you change?
(†’´¤y ÉüË ÖüÓu-í∫ç™ ÖçúÕ ´·J-T-§Ú-èπÿ-úø-ü¿E
(ÅüË ÖüÓu-í∫ç™ Ö-Ø√o¢√? ´÷®Ω¢√ †’´¤y?) ØË-†’ -Ç N≠æߪ’ç ´÷ö«x-úøôç, àüÓ ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’-úÕí¬
Ricky: Why should I? I am quite happy with the F O’ü¿ Ø√èπ◊†o v¨¡ü¿l¥, Åçûª-éπçõ‰ ´’Í®ç-™‰ü¿’.)
job I am in. rot = ´·J-T-§Ú-´úøç/ èπ◊Rx§Ú´úøç
(áçü¿’èπ◊ ´÷®√L? ؈’ îËÆæ’h†o ÖüÓuí∫ç Ø√èπ◊ rot, rotted (past tense), rotten (pp)
rotten egg =
¶«í¬ØË ÖçC.) §ƒúÁj-§Ú-®·† í∫’úø’f
Irfan: Won't you change even if you get a better
it's a rotten movie = îÁûªh ÆœE´÷
job?
Ricky: Thank you.





(Éçûª-éπçõ‰ ´’ç* ÖüÓuí∫ç ´*aØ√ ´÷®Ω¢√?)
Ricky: I'll, in case it doesn't mean my moving
Look at the following expressions from the
out of here. I like the place so much.
conversation above. a) Whether he attends the party or not he has to c) He hardly ever walks. He always goes by car
1) I'll, in case it doesn't mean my moving out of
(´÷®Ω-û√†’, ؈’ Ñ Ü®Ω’ NúÕ* ¢Á∞¡xE
pay. In such a case isn't it better to attend the = Åûªúø’ †úø-´-ô-´’çô÷ Öçúøü¿’. á°æ¤púø÷ é¬Í®.
this place.
°æéπ~ç™. Ñ Ü®Ωçõ‰ Ø√éπçûª É≠ædç.)
party = party 4) Otherwise =
Irfan: That's foolishness. In such a case you can
Åûªúø’ éÀ ´*aØ√ ®√éπ-§Ú-®·Ø√ úø•’s é¬éπ-§ÚûË/ ™‰éπ-§ÚûË
2) In such a case you can never grow.
never grow. éπö«d-LqçüË. Å™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’ ®√´-úø¢Ë’ ´’ç*C éπü∆? a) Follow the rules. Otherwise you will be in
3) We hardly ever agree on these matters. b) He will be here whether you like it or not? In trouble = E•ç-üµ¿-†©’ §ƒöÀç. ™‰éπ-§ÚûË *èπ◊\™x
(ÅC ´‚®Ω^ûªyç. -Å-™« Å®·ûË Fèπ◊ °®Ω’-í∫’-ü¿© 4) Otherwise how can one come up?
Öçúøü¿’.) such a case you'd better call him = FéÀ≠dçæ °æúø-û√´¤.
5) I do it lest you rot in b) Every party tries please the minorities other-
Ricky: We hardly ever agree on these matters. I
ÖØ√o -™‰-éπ-§Ú-®·Ø√
the present job.
am contented with what I have. You're wise it can't get their votes =
ÅûªúÕéπ\-úø’ç-ö«úø’. Å™«ç- v°æA §ƒKd ¢Á’iØ√--J-öÃ-
ambitious. 1) In case = if = sup-
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
ô-°æ¤púø’/ -Ç °æJ-Æœn-A™ ©†’ ÆæçûÓ-≠æ°æJîËç-ü¿’èπ◊ v°æߪ’-Ao-Ææ’hçC. ™‰éπ-§Ú-ûË
pose =
434
(Ñ N≠æ-ߪ÷™x ´’†èπ◊ äéπ-J-éÌ-éπ-JéÀ èπ◊ü¿-®Ωü¿’. Å®·ûË, (Å™« ÅûªúÕE °œ©-´-úø¢Ë’ ¢√∞¡x ãô’x ®√´¤.
ņ’-èπ◊çõ‰) ´’ç*C.
Ø√èπ◊†o ü∆EûÓ Øˆ’ ûª%°œh-°æ-úø-û√†’. 5) lest = Å™«-é¬-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËçü¿’èπ◊
= so that ... not

In such a case you can never grow

FÍé¢Á÷ é¬çéπ~ áèπ◊\´.)
Ambition = Çé¬çéπ~. @N-ûªç™ ´’†ç àüÁjØ√ a) Start early enough lest you
Å¢√--y©ØË/ îËߪ÷-©ØË éÓJéπ (should) miss the train =
political ambition= ®√ï-éÃ-ߪ÷™x °æü¿N éÓÆæç/ Trainûª°œp-§Ú-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊
°æ©’-èπ◊-•úÕ éÓÆæç/ ÅCµ-鬮Ωç éÓÆæç Çé¬çéπ~ ´·çü¿’-í¬ØË •ßª’©’üË®Ω’.
Irfan: One needs to be ambitious otherwise
b) I carried an umbrella lest I (should) get
how can one come up? a) In case he comes here, please let
3) Hardly ever = ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ™‰ü¿’/ ™‰†õ‰x. drenched = ûªúø-´-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊ íÌúø’í∫’
(á´-J-ÈéjØ√ Çé¬çéπ~ Öçú≈-LqçüË éπü∆? ™‰éπ-§ÚûË me know = Åûª-úÕ-éπ\-úÕéÀ ´*a-†-ôx-®·ûË
a) In our school days we hardly ever °æô’d-Èé-∞«x†’.
á´®Ω÷ °jéÀ ®√™‰®Ω’.) (if he comes here) Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ„®·u. liked each other = school c) He paid her enough money lest she (should)
one = á´-È®j-Ø√-ÆæÍ®
´÷
b) In case you need my help, feel free complain later = ûª®√yûª àç ņ-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-
Ricky: No sooner did I see you than I thought
®ÓV™x ´÷èπ◊ äéπ-J-éÌ-éπ-JéÀ °æúËC é¬ü¿’
to ask me =
Fèπ◊ Ø√ ≤ƒßª’ç Å´-Ææ®Ωç ü¿’èπ◊ Ç¢Á’èπ◊ î√L-†çûª úø•’s Éî√a-úø-ûª†’.
you would discuss just this. Why not
(äéπ-®Ωçõ‰ äéπ-JéÀ É≠ædç ÖçúËC é¬ü¿’.)
Å®·ûË, ÅúÕ-Ííç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÆæçéÓ-*ç-îª-´ü¿’l b) She pampers her daughter so Incase, lest- ÉN éÌçîÁç ví¬çC∑éπç.
something else just for a change? M.SURESAN
much that she hardly ever notices Incase •ü¿’©’ If ¢√úøôç simpler. Å™«Íí lest
(Ææyûªç-vûªçí¬ Åúø’í∫’).
(E†’o îª÷úø-í¬ØË Å†’-èπ◊Ø√o, †’Oy N≠æ-ߪ’¢Ë’ c) In case of an accident call 108 = v°æ´÷ü¿ç ïJ-
her faults = •ü¿ ’©’ so that... not ¢√úøôç simpler. ÉN Ééπ\úø
îªJa-≤ƒh-´E. ÉçÍé-üÁjØ√ ´÷ö«x-úø-èπÿ-úøü¿÷, é¬Ææh T-†-ôx-®·ûË 108 éÀ phone îËߪ’çúÕ.
´÷®Ω’p éÓÆæç?) Ç¢Á ’ ûª † èπ ÿ ûª ’ ®Ω ’ E áçûª í¬®√- • çí¬ îª ÷ Ææ ’ - è π ◊ ç- N´-J ç-*çC ´’†ç ¢√-úø-ö«-EéÀ é¬ü¿’. Éûª-®Ω’©’ ¢√úÕûË
2) In such a case = Å™« Å®·ûË/ Ç °æJ-Æ œn-ûª’™x/
Irfan: I do it lest you rot in the present job. It's ô’ç- ü ¿ ç õ‰ , Ç èπ ÿ ûª ’ - ® Ω ’ ™ à ûª ° æ ‹ p í∫ ´ ’-Eç- î ª-ü∆¢Á ’. ´’†èπ ◊ Å®Ωnç ÅßË’uç-ü¿’èπ◊.
just friendly interest, nothing more. Å™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’. pamper = í¬®√•ç îËߪ’úøç

EXERCISE b) The failure to take timely decisions b) He had his father released after pay- -v°æ-¨¡o:
Match the expressions under A with leads to all kinds of troubles = ing a ransom of Rs 10 lakh =
éÀçC-¢√-é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™éÀ ņ’-´-Cçîªç-úÕ.
this meanings under B. Ææ鬩ç™ E®Ωg-ߪ÷©’ BÆæ’-éÓ-éπ-§Ú-´úøç î√™« 10 ©éπ~© Núø’-ü¿© Ææ’çéπç (ransom)
a) Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç ¢Áûª-éπí¬ ¢Áûª-éπí¬ üÌJ-éÀçC.
A B
ņ-®√n-©èπ◊ ü∆J BÆæ’hçC. îÁLxç* ûª† ûªçvúÕE NúÕ-°œç--èπ◊-Ø√oúø’.
c) His misconduct led to his dismissal b) Ç •’ôd™ Ö†oN é¬ßª’™«? °æ∞«x?
1. Put up with A. Cause 5) Havoc = Destruction =-N-Ø√-¨¡-†ç/ †≠ædç
from service = c) ؈’ ´÷ ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’-©èπ◊ È®çúÓ éÌúø’-èπ◊†’.
2. Lead to B. Destruction
ÅûªúÕ ü¿’v≠æp-´®Ωh† Åûª-úÕE a) The cyclone caused great havoc in
ÖüÓuí∫ç †’ç* ûÌ©Tçîªú≈-EéÀ 鬮Ω-ù-¢Á’içC. the coastal area = d) Ñ ´’üµ¿u ؈’ Åûª-úÕE °æöÀdç--éÓ-´úøç ™‰ü¿’.
3. Optimistic C. Release money
éÓ≤ƒh v§ƒçûªç™
lead = ´·çü¿’çúÕ †úÕ-°œç-îªúøç/ ü∆J ûª’-§ƒ--†’ °†’ -N-Ø√-¨¡-Ø√-Eo éπL-Tç-*çC. e) Ñ ®ÓV ´’üµ∆u£æ«oç È®çúø’ í∫çô-©-§ƒô’ ´’ç*
4. Ransom D. Tolerate
îª÷°æúøç; b) Duryodhana played havoc with the èπ◊†’èπ◊ °æöÀdçC.
5. Havoc E. Hopeful
leader = †úÕ-°œç-îË-¢√úø’, Ø√ߪ’-èπ◊úø’ lives of the Pandavas = ü¿’®Óu-üµ¿-†’úø’ f) °æK-é~¬-£æ…™x ؈’ EØËo í∫´’-E-Ææ’hç-ö«†’.
F. Repetition
3) Optimistic = Hopeful = ´’ç*E ÇPçîË §ƒçúø-´¤© @N-ûªç™ °ü¿l †≥ƒdØËo g) ´÷¢Ó-®·-Ææ’d©’ ü˨¡ç-™ØË ÅA °ü¿l Ææ÷h§ƒEo
G. Slave
a) I am optimistic about India's victory in éπ©í∫ñ‰¨»úø’. ´’† ®√≠æçZ ™ EJtç-îª-¶-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’.
Key: 1-D; 2-A; 3-E; 4-C; 5-B. the match = c) Ishant Sharma played havoc with the
§ÚöÙ ¶µ«®Ωû˝ Nïߪ’ç h) Åûª-úÕE Ééπ\-úøèπ◊ ®Ω´’t†’.
EXPLANATIONS §Òçü¿’-ûª’ç-ü¿E ÇP-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’. Australian batsmen =
ÇÊÆZ-Lߪ÷ bats- i) Åéπ\-úÕéÀ ¢Á∞¡x-†E ®√Æœ´¤y.
1) Put up with = Tolerate = b) I don't share your optimism about a men
j) Åûªúø’ îËÆæ’h†o ≤ƒ£æ«-≤ƒ©’ v°æï© ¢Á’°æ¤p §Òçü∆®·.
Æ棜«ç-îªúøç/ èπ◊ É≥ƒçû˝ ¨¡®Ωt B®ΩE †≥ƒdEo
corruption free India = éπL-Tç-î√úø’. k) ߪ‚®Ω-°ˇ™ îªL áèπ◊\´.
¶µºJç-îªúøç/ Ææ£æ«-†çûÓ Öçúøôç. ÅN-FA ™‰E
a) The Pandavas had to put up with all ¶µ«®Ω-ûª-ü˨¡ç ´Ææ’hç-ü¿E Fèπ◊†o †´’téπç/ Ǩ¡ F. Repetition = ´’Sx ´’Sx îÁ°æpúøç/ îËߪ’úøç
l) ؈†o ´÷ô-©èπ◊ Åûª-úÕéÀ éÓ°æç ´*açü∆?
kinds of humiliation from the Ø√èπ◊ ™‰ü¿’. (repeat îËߪ’úøç)

ï¢√•’:
Kauravas = éı®Ω-´¤©’ îËÆœ† ÅEo ®Ω鬩 c) The lack of fitness among our players a) His repetition of the mantram did him – Ɯ£«-î˝.-Ææ’-üµ∆-éπ®˝, -Å-Mx°æ¤®Ωç ¢Á’ü¿é˙
Å´-´÷Ø√©†’ §ƒçúø-´¤©’, ¶µºJç-î √Lq doesn't give me the optimism about some good = Ç ´’çvû√Eo ´’Sx ´’Sx
´*açC. their winning = fitness
´’† Çô-í¬-∞¡x™ ÖîªaJç-îªúøç Åûª-úÕéÀ éÌçûª ´’ç* îËÆœçC. a) I found the answer/ solution after a lot of/ a long search.
humiliation = Å´-´÷†ç ™‰éπ-§Ú-´úøç ´©x ¢√∞¡x Èí©’°æ¤ °æôx ؈çûª b) His repetition of the misdeed made b) Are the fruit(s) in the basket raw or ripe?
b) It's difficult to put up with the unclean
Ǩ»-´-£æ«çí¬ ™‰†’. every one angry = Ç Åéπ%ûªuç Åûªúø’ c) I am the second son of my parents.
atmosphere here = Ééπ\úÕ Å°æ-J-¨¡Ÿv¶µº Optimism X Pessimism ´’Sx/ ´’®Ó-≤ƒJ (repeat) îËߪ’úøç Åçü¿- d) Oflate I haven't been caring about him.
4) Ransom = Release money = Money/
e) I had a good nap for two hours this afternoon.
¢√û√-´-®Ωùç ¶µºJç-îªúøç éπ≠dçæ . Jéà éÓ°æç éπL-Tç-*çC.
amount which kidnappers demand to ÉC èπÿú≈ îª÷úøçúÕ: Repetitive = ´’Sx
c It's impossible to put up with him = f) I'll be observing only you in the exam hall.
release the person they have abduct-
)
´’Sx ´îËa g) The Moists are going to put up the largest domed edifice
Åûª-úÕE ¶µºJç-îªúøç/ Åûª-úÕûÓ ØÁí∫’_èπ◊ ed (kidnapped) = Kidnap îËÆœ† ´uéÀhE a) His speeches are repetitive = ÅûªúÕ (-Ææ÷h-§ƒ-
®√´úøç Å≤ƒüµ¿uç. kidnappers
Núø’-ü¿© îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÅúÕÍí English
EéÀ in the whole country.
™ ÆæÈ®j† ´÷ô ™‰ü¿’)
2) Lead to = Cause = 鬮Ω-ù-´’-´úøç/ ü∆J úø•’s Ö°æ-Ø√u≤ƒ©’ äÍé N≠æߪ’ç °æ¤†-®√-´%ûªç
h) Tell him to come here.
kidnap = abduct ÅßË’u-Ní¬ Öçö«®·. (éÌûªh-ü¿†ç ™‰ü¿’)
i) Give it in writing that you will not go there.
Bߪ’úøç
a) The husband's illtreatment of his wife a) The kidnappers demanded a ransom b) The themes of Indian movies are
repetitive = j) His daring acts have won the praise of the people.
led to their divorce = ¶µ«®Ωu†’ Ç ¶µº®Ωh of Rs 1 lakh to release the abducted ¶µ«®Ω-B-ߪ’ ÆœE-´÷© éπü∑∆稡ç
k) Europe is very cold.
(illtreatment)
ÆæJí¬ îª÷Ææ’-éÓ-éπ-§Ú-´úøç child = áûª’h-Èé-Rx† Gúøf†’ NúÕ-°œç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ á°æ¤púø÷ °æ¤†-®√-´%ûªç (´’Sx ´’Sx äÍé -
¢√∞¡x Nú≈-èπ◊-©èπ◊ 鬮Ω-ù-¢Á’içC. kidnappers ©éπ~ ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’-©-úÕ-í¬®Ω’. éπ-ü∑∆ç¨¡ç – éÌûªh-ü¿†ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈) l) Did he get angry at my words?
Å´¤-ûª’ç-ô’çC.
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 20 ´÷-Ja 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
Q. Finite Verbs, Non-Finite verbs 5) Doing Words (I RDW, II RDW, PDW),
Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? ÅüË-N-üµ¿çí¬ Gerund, 6) shall/ should/ will/ would etc., + 1st
Present Participle èπ◊ ´’üµ¿u ûËú≈ RDW (see spoken English lesson No.
Gerund
ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. Åçõ‰verb + 24) – OöÀØË finite verbs/ verbs Åçö«ç.
noun ÅF (A running track), Å™«Íí Non finite verbs- 1) The infinitive (to go,
participle verb + adjective
Åçõ‰ ÅE to sing, etc) 2) The ...ing form (going,
(A running stream) ã ví¬´’®˝ °æ¤Ææh- coming, singing etc.,) 3) The past par-
éπç™ îªC-¢√†’. Ééπ\úø running ÅØËC ticiple (given, sung, etc). Non finite verbs, verbs
verb, stream noun
ÅØËC éπü∆. ´’J ÉC par- 鬴¤. ¢√öÀ-†™« Non finite verbs ņ-úøç-´©x, Past
ticiple ᙫ Å®·uçC? N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. participle †’ V3 ņ-úøç-´©x ´’†èπ◊ éπLÍí confusion
- K.Ravi, Pollanki. Åçû√ Éçû√ é¬ü¿’. Non finite verbs ÅØË ´÷ô ´’®Ω-
A. ´’† Spoken English lessons ™ 6 forms of *-§ÒçúÕ. ¢√öÀE verbs 鬴ØË Å†’-éÓçúÕ. Å°æ¤púË O’®Ω’ Q. 1) ' ¢√úÕ-éπ\-úÕéÀ ´î√aú≈? †’´y-éπ\-úÕéÀ ¢Á∞«x¢√?—— -Å-ØË 2) ÉC èπÿú≈ ´’ç* v°æ¨¡o. Come Åçõ‰,
the verb (Verb èπ◊ Ö†o 6 ®Ω÷§ƒ©’) Éî√aç-éπü∆: ÆæJí¬ ®√ߪ’-í∫-©®Ω’/ ´÷ö«x-úø-í∫-©®Ω’. O’®Ω’ ´÷ö«x-úËç- -ü∆-E-E -O’®Ω’ Did he come here, or did you go ®√´ôç ÅE; Å®·ûË Ø√/´÷/-´’† ü¿í∫_-JéÀ
1) 'Be' forms, 2) 'Be' form + ...ing form ü¿’èπ◊, ®√ÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ Gerund, Past participle ûËú≈ ûÁL- to him? ÅE Éî√a®Ω’. DE™ †’´y-éπ\-úÕéÀ ¢Á∞«x¢√ ÅØË äéπ®Ω’ ®√´-úøç, Ø√/´÷/-´’-†ûÓ äéπ®Ω’ ®√´-
3) Be form + Past participle 4) Have/ ߪ’-†-´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆? Noun ᙫç-öÀC ÅE ûÁL-Ê°C ¶µ«´ç Ææ’p¥Jç-îªúøç ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆? -ú≈Eo ûÁ-LÊ°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ come
has/ had/ shall have/ will have, etc + pp adjective ÅE í∫’®Ω’h-°-ô’d-èπ◊çõ‰ î√©’.
2) ؈’ ®√Ø√ ´ü∆l ÊÆd≠æ-Ø˛èπ◊? Åçö«ç. ´’†ç ÉçéÌ-éπ-JûÓ éπL-Æœ-¢Á-∞¡x-ú≈-EéÀ
Shall I go to the station with you or not? Ñ come ņç, Å°æ¤púø’ go Åçö«ç.
Q. Please explain how to use verbs to ques- Can, could, will, would, shall, should, may,
Sentence ™ '®√Ø√— ÅØË ¶µ«´ç Ææ’p¥Jç-îªúøç ™‰ü¿’ Shall I come to you now?=
tion form. verb
v°æ¨¡o™x à ®Ω÷°æç™ Öçú≈L? might, have, has - OöÀE questions ™ ¢√úÕ-†- éπü∆? ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
Can, could, should, have, had, has, will, v1 eg: can F ü¿í∫_-®Ωèπ◊ ®√Ø√ É°æ¤púø’?
°æ¤púø’, OöÀ ûª®√yûª á°æ¤púø÷
help, could do, will sing, etc.
´Ææ’hçC.
verb
3) äéπ English book ™ a) I was out of station Shall I go with you?=
would, shall, may, might ™«çöÀN Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-TÊÆh É™« ´*a-†- ™‰ü∆ b) I was not in town ņ-´îª’a ÅE ®√¨»®Ω’,
verbs eg. seen v.conv2, conv3
™«çöÀN can, could, etc., helping verbs
°æ¤púø’, Å´¤-û√®·. O’®Ω’ ´÷vûªç out of station ÅE ņ-èπÿ-úøü¿’ ÅE FûÓ éπL-Æœ-®√Ø√?
¢ËöÀ™ Öçú≈L? - G.Anilkumar, Hyderabad. Å´¤Ø√? Å°æ¤púø’ question: ®√¨»®Ω’. OöÀ™ àC, áçü¿’èπ◊ éπÈ®éÓd? N´-Jç-îª-í∫- Will you come to me? =
A. The verb in a question always comes Can you help me? ©®Ω’.
before the subject.
†’´¤y Ø√ ü¿í∫_-®Ωèπ◊ ´≤ƒh¢√?
Helping verb subject main verb (v1) - P.Murali Krishna, Pedanindrakolanu.
eg: Is he your friend? 3) English writers (English ´÷ûª%-¶µ«-
(Åûªúø’ F ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’ú≈?) É™«-´-≤ƒh®·, Ñ verbs questions ™. OöÀE A. 1) ≠æí¬ éπ© ®Ωîª-®·-ûª©’) Å®·ûË out of
is (verb), he (subject)
Ééπ\úø ´·çü¿’ ´≤Úhç-C- O’ ÆæçüË£æ«ç ÆæÈ®jçüË.
í∫’Jç* ÉC-´-®Ω™  î√™« N´-®Ωçí¬ îÁ§ƒpç. Did you go to him, cor- station (Ü∞x-™‰®Ω’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ) Å™«
éπü∆?Is he coming? (Åûªúø’ ´Ææ’h-Ø√oú≈?) Ééπ\úø îª÷úøçúÕ. rect ®√Æœ Öçúø®Ω’. Out of station (á´-È®jØ√
is (helping verb), he (subject) èπ◊ ´·çü¿’ Å®Ωnç, †’´¤y ¢√úÕ
´≤Úhç-C-éπü∆.Verb ™ È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ ´÷ô-©’çõ‰ - ü¿í∫_-®Ωèπ◊ ¢Á∞«x¢√? ÅE. Ü∞x ™‰®Ω’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ é¬F, ÉçÍé
¢Á·ü¿öÀ ´÷ô helping verb, main
È®çúÓ ´÷ô Å®·ûË Åéπ\-úÕéÀ= ¢√úÕ Å®ΩnçûÓ é¬F) English ™ ™‰ü¿’. Ü∞x
verb. question verb
ü¿í∫_-®Ωèπÿ ÅØË ¶µ«´çûÓ ™‰éπ-§Ú-´-úøç= be out of town ņ-úøç
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
鬕öÀd ™ á°æ¤púø÷ ûª®√y-ûª- Did you go to him?
í¬F, helping verb subject
ûª®√y-ûª-í¬F ´÷vûª¢Ë’ 435 correct.
Öçô’çC. M.SURESAN ÅØ√oç.

Q. 1. This house is my 4) They are talking and

I don't know much about them

walking/talking while
brother's in-law.
walking/they are
This house is my walking as they are
brother in-law's. talking/they are walk-
Which is correct? ing and talking as
A. The following are correct. well.
2) Ø√èπ◊ ¢√∞¡x í∫’Jç* 5) ؈’ ´‚úø’ ØÁ©© †’ç* N’´’tLo éπ©- 7) ††’o 鬕öÀd àO’ ņ-™‰ü¿’. If you had 5) I have been thinking of meeting
Åçûªí¬ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’ – done it, you would have been 1) This is my bother-in-law's home.
you for the past/ the last three
¢√-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’.
I don't know much about them. I've been thinking to meet you scolded. This is/ these are my brother-in- months. Think can be used in the
since 3 months. Is it correct? If it 8) I don't quite know. Please trans- law's house/ homes (plural) progressive tense with the mean-
Ø√èπ◊ Åçûª õ„j´· Öçúøü¿’ –
is correct, the verb think is not late in telugu. (Brother-in-law-Singular, ing of 'intend' (ÖüËl¨¡ç Öçúøôç)
I have no much time to watch T.V.
used in progressive tenses, is it? Brothers- in-law- Plural) 6) I have to do all this because of
9) 80 Rupees have been charged for
†’´¤y Åçûª risk BÆæ’-éÓ-´ü¿’l. So how is it correct? you (present)
giving an application 2) a) I don't know much about them.
You don't take that much of risk. 6) F´™‰x ؈’ Éü¿çû√ îËߪ’-´-©Æœ ´Ææ’hçC I will have to do all this because of
80 Rupee has been charged b) I don't have/ haven't the time to you (future)
3) I've 3 nephews and 2 nieces. Do (Present)
for.... watch the TV 7) Because it was I/me he didn't say
nephews and niece have plural I have to do all this only because
80 Rupees has been charged for c) You don't take so much of risk/ anything. If it had been someone
of you (future)
form?
F´™‰x ؈’ Éü¿çû√ else....
îËߪ÷L. Which one is correct among that kind of risk.
4) 8)
these sentences? 3) Nephews- Plural of nephew
¢√∞¡Ÿ} ´÷ö«x-úø’ûª÷ †úø’-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’. ¢√úÕ´™‰x ؈’ ®ÓV Ééπ\-úÕéÀ ®√¢√-Lq- Ø√éπç-ûªí¬ ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ü¿’/- Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ü¿’.
They are walking while talking. 9) Eighty rupees has been charged
´-Ææ’hçC. - Madhav, Hyderabad Nieces - plural of niece.
for...

Q. 1) 'Nobody can't understand me' ÅØËC ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ Öçü∆? Q. 1. I would walk two miles every
I/ he/ somebody would walk 2
Q. éÀçC-¢√-öÀE ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ᙫ A. 1. Is this table clean?
miles every morning =
2. Isn't it clean?
'Nobody can understand me' èπ◊ 'Nobody can't morning.
†úÕ-îË-¢√- Åçö«®Ω’?
úÕE/ ¢√úø’,etc.
understand me' èπ◊ Å®Ωn-¶µ‰-ü¿-¢Ë’-¢Á’iØ√ Öçü∆? We should attend the classes 3. I am getting it
We should attend the class
1. Ñ õ‰•’™¸ ¨¡Ÿv¶µºçí¬
more regularly. Present cleaned
more regularly = Class
2) '؈’ ÉüË-´÷ô Åûª-úÕûÓ îÁ§ƒp†’— ņ-ú≈-EéÀ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ᙫ èπ◊ Æævéπ- Öçü∆?
ÅØ√L? Future walk
™ èπÿú≈ îËÆæ’hçö«ç 2. ¨¡Ÿv¶µºçí¬ ™‰ü∆? 4. Clean it
Present Future
´’çí¬ ¢Á∞«xL (´’† Å´-Ææ®Ωç/ NCµ/
3) F´¤ í∫ûª-¢√®Ωç ®ÓV-©’í¬ §ƒ®∏Ω-¨»-©èπ◊ áçü¿’èπ◊ ®√´-úøç-™‰ü¿’? éπü∆. ™ èπÿú≈ E•ç-üµ¿†). Å®·ûË regular Åçõ‰ØË 3. ¨¡Ÿv¶µºç îË®·-Ææ’h-Ø√o-†’. 5. I've (have) got it
ņ-ú≈-EéÀ Why have you been absent for a week? attend
Æævéπ-´’çí¬ ÅE éπü∆– DEéÀ more cleaned
Å´¤ûª÷ Öçúø-´îª’a éπü∆! 4. ¨¡Ÿv¶µºç îÁ®·u.
Would, should
regularly ÅE comparative
ÅØÌî√a? ¢√úÌî√a? àßË’ 5. ¨¡Ÿv¶µºç îË®·ç-î√†’. 6. Shall I clean it?
- Sarma & Seenu, Bathupuram Öçúøü¿’. Öçõ‰ regular, ™‰èπ◊çõ‰
Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ¢√ú≈L? 6. ¨¡Ÿv¶µºç îËߪ’Ø√? 7. I'll get it cleaned
A. 1) No body can understand me ņôç irregular Å´¤-ûª’çC.
correct. Nobody
2. éπÈ®çô’ ´*açC. O’®Ω’ O’ °æE 7. ¨¡Ÿv¶µºç îË®·≤ƒh. 8. I don't clean it
can't ņo-°æ¤púø’ È®çúø’-îÓôx not ´Ææ’hçC éπü∆. '™‰ü¿’— ÅØËç- é¬E-´yçúÕ. Present future:
We shall/ will walk two miles
8. ¨¡Ÿv¶µºç îÁߪ’u†’. 9. I don't get it/ have
ü¿’èπ◊ äéπ-îÓ-ôØË (sentence) not ´Ææ’hçC. 3. ¢√∞¡Ÿx Èí©’-≤ƒh-®ΩE ؈-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-
it cleaned
every morning.
Ø√o†’. ؈’ èπÿú≈ Å™«Íí ņ’- 9. ¨¡Ÿv¶µºç îË®·ç-’.
2) I told him the same thing
èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’. Ñ ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx- Present future would/
èπ◊ 10. ¨¡Ÿv¶µºç îË®·ç. 10. Get/ have it
3) Why have you been absent for a week= cleaned
should
¢√®Ωçí¬ ≠ˇ™ ᙫ ®√ߪ÷L? ®√ü¿’. 11. ¨¡Ÿv¶µºç î˨»†’.
absent cor- - N. Amareswari Tirupathi 2) The power is back. Carry on 11. I've cleaned it
áçü¿’èπ◊ (Èíj®√|-ï®Ω’) Åߪ÷u-´ØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ÅC 12. †’¢Ëy ¨¡Ÿv¶µºç îËÆæ’éÓ.
rect. Why have
Å®·ûË áçü¿’èπ◊ ®√´--úøç-™‰ü¿’? ÅØËç-ü¿’èπ◊, A. Would †’ past †’ç* future ûÁL- your work. 13. ¨¡Ÿv¶µºçí¬ ™‰ü¿’. 12. Clean it yourself
you not been/ why haven't you been coming to Ê°ç-ü¿’Íé é¬èπ◊çú≈, past habits 3) I think they will win.
13. It's not clean
14. ¨¡Ÿv¶µºç-í¬ØË ÖçC.
class? Åçö«ç. È®çúø’sentences éà ŮΩnç äéπõ‰ (í∫ûªç™ Å©-¢√-ôx†’) ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ 4) So do I (؈÷ Å™«Íí ņ’-èπ◊ç- - Dontula Premalatha,
I think so too. 14. It's clean.
Adilabad
ņ’-éÓçúÕ, Å®·ûË ´÷ô™x ûËú≈ ÖçC éπü∆? èπÿú≈ ¢√úø-´îª’a. ô’Ø√o)

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 23 ´÷-Ja 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
Sakhya: Thank you very much. But for you I
wouldn't have got this kind of marks in
(È®çúÕç-öÀ™ àü¿-®·Ø√ °∂æ®√y™‰ü¿’. ¢√Rx-ü¿lKo
the exam.
°œ©’´¤.)
Sakhya: OK then.
☯ ☯ ☯ ☯
(†’´¤y ™‰éπ-§Ú-ߪ·çõ‰/ F Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç ™‰éπ-
§Ú-ߪ·çõ‰, °æK-éπ~™  É™«çöÀ marks Look at the following expressions from the
conversation above:
´îª’aç-úË-N- 鬴¤.)
Sneha: You're welcome. It isn't much that I did.
1) But for you I wouldn't have got this kind of
Your effort helped you too. marks.
(؈’ îËÆœçC °ü¿lí¬ àO’-™‰ü¿’. F v°æߪ’ûªoç 2) Tell me when you are free so that I can fix a
èπÿú≈ ÖçC. ÅüË Fèπ◊ ≤ƒßª’-°æ-úÕçC.) date.
Sakhya: I wish to give you a treat. Tell me when 3) Either of the places is OK.
you are free so that I can fix a date. 1) But for you = a) I came here so that I can see you = I came
†’¢Ëy ™‰èπ◊çõ‰. But for •ü¿’©’ É™« èπÿú≈ îÁ°æp-´îª’a:
(Fèπ◊ party É¢√y-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o. FÈé-°æ¤púø’ But for something/ But for somebody = here to see you.
ÅüË If Krishna had not helped the Pandavas,
ë«SØÓ îÁ°æ¤p, date fix îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊.) ™‰èπ◊çõ‰/ ¢√∞Ïx ™‰éπ-§Ú-ߪ·çõ‰. they would not have won =
b) People invest so that they can make profits =
Sneha: Make it any day after the day after a) But for Krishna's help People invest (only) to make profits.
But for Lord
tomorrow. the Pandavas would 3) Either of =
Krishna's help the
È®çúÕç-öÀ™/ Éü¿l-J™ àüÁjØ√/ á´-È®jØ√.
(á©’xçúÕ ûª®√yûª à ®Óï-®·Ø√ ÆæÍ®.) not have won = a) Of the two pens, take either = Ç È®çúø’ pens
Pandavas would
éπ%≠æflgúÕ
Sakhya: That's OK. It'd be really fine. Where
shall we go? Who else shall I call?
Ææ£æ…-ߪ’¢Ë’ ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ §ƒçúø-
´¤©’ ÈíL-ç-úË-¢√®Ω’ é¬ü¿’. -Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 436 not have won. ™, àüÁjØ√ BÆæ’éÓ.
b) Will you come to me or shall I
come to you? Either is OK for
(¶«í¬ØË Öçô’çC. áéπ\-úÕ-Èé-∞¡ü∆ç?

But for you I wouldn't have got...

me =
ÉçÈé´JE °œ©-´†’?) †’´¤y Ø√ ü¿í∫_-JéÀ ´≤ƒh¢√, ؈’
Sneha: You're the host. You decide.
F ü¿í∫_-JéÀ ®√Ø√? àüÁjØ√ °∂æ®√y-™‰ü¿’
(†’´¤y éπü∆ ÇAü∑¿uç ÉÆæ’h-Ø√o´¤. Ø√èπ◊.
†’´¤y E®Ωg-®·ç.)
c) Does either of them know
Sakhya: Which of the two restaurants
b) But for Tendulkar India would have where I am =
do you think will be better- Suruchi or 2) So that = Åçü¿’-èπ◊-í¬†’ ¢√Rx-ü¿l®Óx á´-Jéπ®·Ø√
Shadrasa? Shall I call Prema and lost the match = ûÁ©’≤ƒ ØËØÁ-éπ\-úø’-Ø√oØÓ?
a) I came here so that I can see you
õ„çúø÷-©\Í® ™‰éπ-§Ú-
Preethi? match
=
ߪ·çõ‰ ¶µ«®Ωû˝ ™ ãúÕ-§Ú-ߪ·ç- E†’o îª÷ÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ ØËE-éπ\-úÕéÀ ´î√a†’. í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓçúÕ:
b) People invest so that they can Either of = È®çúÕç-öÀ™ / Éü¿l-J™ àüÁjØ√/ á´-È®jØ√
(à £æ«Ùô™¸ ¶«í∫’ç-ô’ç-ü¿-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o´¤? úËC.
Ææ’®Ω’-*Ø√ ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ ≠ævúø-ÆæØ√? vÊ°´’, v°‘A-©†’ c) But for the loan from the bank he make profits = ™«¶µ«©’ í∫úÕç-îËç-ü¿’Íé Any of = È®ç-úÕç-öÀéπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ ¢√öÀ™ x/ Éü¿l-J-éπçõ‰
èπÿú≈ °œ©-´Ø√?) could not have gone to the US for á´-È®jØ√ °ô’d-•úÕ Â°úø-û√®Ω’. áèπ◊\-´-´’ç-C™, àüÁjØ√/ á´-È®jØ√.
Sneha: Either of the places is OK. Yea. Call studies = Bank ®Ω’ù¢Ë’ ™‰éπ-§Ú-ߪ·çõ‰,
M.SURESAN
Å®·ûË, so that •ü¿’©’ to ¢√úø-´îª’a. ÅC
them. Åûªúø’ Å¢Á’-Jé¬ ¢Á∞Ïx-¢√úø’ é¬úø’. simpler èπÿú≈.

EXERCISE b) Naxalites have blown up a number of police

3) Extensive = wide = NÆæh %-ûª-¢Á’i†. ü˨¡ç™ ¢ËCµç-°æ¤©’ ûª°œpç--èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ -ûªÆ‘x-´÷
stations = police stations
Match the expressions under A with their
†éπq-™„jô’x î√™« †’ a) The Chief Minister has ordered an extensive -†-vÆ‘-Ø˛ ¶µ«®Ω-û˝èπ◊ §ƒJ-§Ú-¢√Lq ´*açC.
meanings under B.
Ê°™‰a-¨»®Ω’.
study of farmers' problems = È®jûª’© Ææ´’Ææu© Subject to = ¶«üµ¿èπ◊/ ®Óí¬-EéÀ í∫’®Ω-´úøç
2) Worldly = Practical = ™˜éπuç Ö†o/ v§ƒ°æç-*-éπ-
A B O’ü¿ NÆæh %-ûª-¢Á’i† Åüµ¿u-ߪ’†ç îËߪ÷-©E ´·êu-´’çvA flee - fled (P.T) - fled (P.P) = §ƒJ-§Ú-´úøç
¢Á’i†.
1. Blow up A. Wide ÇüË-Pç-î√®Ω’. persecute X comfort (Ü®Ωô éπL-Tç-îªúøç)/
≤ƒ´÷†uçí¬ Ñ ™éπç™ ´’† @N-û√-EéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç- b) The cyclone has caused extensive damage
2. Worldly B. Torture *-†-ü∆Eo worldly Åçö«®Ω’. ´’†-èπ◊†o ÇÆæ’h©’, support (¶«Ææôí¬ E©-´úøç)
3. Extensive C. Unquestionable to crops =
úø•’s, °æ©’-èπ◊-•úÕ, †í∫©’, ´Èíj-®√-©Fo ´’† worldly °æçô-©èπ◊ NÆæh %-ûª-¢Á’i† †≠ædç éπL-Tç-*çC 5. Indisputable = unquestionable = EJy-¢√-ü∆ç-¨¡-
4. Persecution D. Destroy possessions (ÇÆæ’h©’) ûª’§ƒ†’. ¢Á’i†.
a) He is good at managing worldly affairs. v§ƒ°æç- c) Extensive research has been done into can-
5. Indisputable E. Tall question Åçõ‰ v°æ¨¡o/ v°æPoç-îªúøç ÅØË é¬èπ◊çú≈
cer but a cure is yet to be found = Cancer
F. Practical *éπ N≠æ-ߪ÷-©†’ îª÷Ææ’-éÓ-´-úøç™ Åûªúø’ Côd. (ûª† N¶µ‰-Cç-îªúøç ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ÖçC
O’ü¿ NÆæh %ûª °æJ-¨-üµ¿†©’ ïJ-T-†-°æp-öÀéÃ, ü∆E E¢√-
G. Extreme
ÇÆæ’h-©÷-™«ç-öÀ-¢√-öÀE ñ«ví∫ûªhí¬ îª÷Ææ’-éÓ-í∫-©úø’) dispute = N¢√ü¿ç
Practical Åçõ‰ èπÿú≈ ÅüË Å®Ωnç ü∆ü∆°æ¤. ´’†¢Ë’ç ®Ωù Éçé¬ ûË©-™‰ü¿’.
KEY: 1-D, 2-F, 3-A, 4-B, 5-C. extensive X limited (°æJ-N’-ûª-¢Á’i†) a) His right to the property is indisputable = Ç
îËߪ’-í∫©ç, îËÆœ-†ç-ü¿’-´©x ´îËa ™«¶µº-¢Ë’-N’öÀ? Éûª-®Ω’-©èπ◊
EXPLANATIONS ´’†ç Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç îËÆœ ¢√∞¡x Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç §Òçü¿-í∫-©-í∫úøç – 4) Persecution = torture = ¢ËCµç°æ¤/ *vûª-£œ«çÆæ. ÇÆœhéÀ Åûª-úÕ-èπ◊†o £æ«èπ◊\ EJy-¢√-ü∆稡ç.
É™« ™˜éÀéπçí¬ ÖçúË-¢√-∞¡x†’ worldly Åçö«ç. a) Galileo was subjected to persecution for b) That Tendulkar is the greatest batsman is
1) Blow up = Destroy = indisputable = batsman
b) He is too worldly to help others for nothing = stating that the earth goes round the sun =
üµ¿yçÆæç-îË-ߪ’úøç/ Ê°™‰a- õ„çúø÷-©\®˝ ÅA íÌ°æp
ߪ’úøç. Bombs ™‰ü∆ Ê°©’úø’ °æü∆-®√n©’ (explo- àç ÇPç-îªèπ◊çú≈ Éûª-®Ω’-©èπ◊ Ææ£æ…-ߪ’ç-îËÊÆçûª Å™˜-éÀ- Ææ÷®Ω’uúÕ îª’ô÷d ¶µº÷N’ °æJ-v¶µº-N’-≤Úhç-ü¿E îÁ°œp- ÅØËC EJy-¢√-ü∆稡ç.
sives)
indisputable X dubious (doubtful)
¢√úÕ Nüµ¿yç-≤ƒ-EéÀ °æ‹†’-éÓ-´úøç. èπ◊úËO’ é¬ü¿-ûª†’. †çü¿’èπ◊ ÈíM-LßÁ÷ (¨»ÆæY-Vcúø’) ¢ËCµç°æ¤©èπ◊
a) Terrorists, tried to blow up the Parliament worldly = materialistic (É£æ«-™ -é¬-EéÀ í∫’®Ω-ߪ÷uúø’. questionable (N¢√-ü∆ç-¨¡-¢Á’i†)
building = Terrorists, bombs/ explosives ûÓ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*†) $ spiritual = Çûªtèπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*†/ b) Taslima Nasreen had to flee to India to G. Extreme = N°æ-K-ûª-¢Á’i† (Éçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’
Parliament †’ èπÿ™‰a-ÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ v°æߪ’-Aoç-î√®Ω’. Çüµ∆u-Atéπ¢Á’i†. spirit = soul = Çûªt) escape the persecution in her country = ûª† N´-Jçî√ç.)
v°æ¨¡o: ï¢√•’: George Bush = George Bush èπ◊ ÅÆæ©’ ¢√öÀ v§ƒüµ∆†uç î√™« áèπ◊\¢Ë. ÅN Ææ£æ«-ï-¢Á’i†
I. Pooh-pooh, Betenoir ÅØË I Pooh-pooh -
. äéπ®Ω’ îÁ°œp† N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo, äéπ °æúøE ´uéÀh Ææü∆lç £æ›ÊÆØ˛. ¶µ«≠æ™ ¶µ«í∫ç.
°æü∆-©èπ◊ Å®Ωnç ûÁ©-°æçúÕ. Æœü∆l¥ç-û√Eo, Å®Ωnç ™‰E-ü¿E éÌöÀd-§ƒ-Í®-ߪ’úøç. II. 1. I will go and come back. IV. ´÷´‚©’ Spoken English ™ should †’
II. Ñ éÀç-C ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ a) He pooh-poohs whatever his father says = 2. I will go with you/ I'll accompany you. ¢√úÕ† îÓô™«x must ¢√úø-´îª’a. Å®·ûË should
ᙫ ®√ߪ÷-L? ¢√∞¡x Ø√†o àC îÁ°œpØ√, ÅC Å®Ωn-®Ω-£œ«-ûª-´’E éÌöÀd 3. These rules/ regulations/ provisions should éπçõ‰ must èπ◊ force áèπ◊\´. You should do it
be/ shall be/ must be/ have to be implement- = †’´yC îËߪ÷L. You must do it = †’´yC
1. ؈’ ¢ÁRx ´’®Ω™« ´≤ƒh†’. §ƒÍ®-≤ƒhúø’/ ™„éπ\îËߪ’úø’.
v°æ¨¡o:
2. ؈’ FûÓ èπÿú≈ ´≤ƒh†’. b) Many pooh-poohed Galileo's theories = ed strictly/ without fail. (E•ç-üµ¿-†© N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ îËߪ÷L ÅE í∫öÀdí¬ îÁ°æpúøç.
shall be
3. Ñ E•ç-üµ¿-†©’ ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ Å´’©’ 鬢√L. Èí-M-LßÁ÷ Æœü∆l¥ç-û√-©†’ î√-™«-´’çC îÁûªh ÅE Å®·ûË, N’í∫û√ ¢√öÀéπçõ‰ ÆæÈ®jçC).
4. These certificates must be enclosed with the éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ᙫ ®√ߪ÷L?
4. Ñ ÆæJd-°∂œ-Èéô’x Å°œx-Íé-≠æ-†’ûÓ §ƒô’ ûª°æp-E-Ææ-Jí¬ éÌöÀd-§ƒ-Í®-¨»®Ω’/ A®Ω-Ææ \-Jç-î√®Ω’.
application/ candidates shall enclose these 1. éÌ¢ÌyAh ÇJ-§Ú-®·çC (á´®Ω÷ Ç®Ωp-èπ◊ç-ú≈ØË)
Betenoire (¶„-ö¸-Ø˛¢√)= ´’†èπ◊ ÅÆæ©’ †îªaE
certificates with the application.
ïûª -îË-ߪ÷L. 2. ؈’ éÌ¢ÌyAh ÇÍ®p-¨»†’
5. †’´¤y Åûª-úÕE í∫ûªç™ á°æ¤púø’ îª÷¨»´¤?
5. When did you see him (last)?
N≠æߪ’ç/ ´uéÀh ('Åûª-úøç-õ‰ØË Ø√èπ◊ ´’çô— ÅØË 3. ü∆®Ωç ûÁT-§Ú-®·çC (á´®Ω÷ ûÁç°æ-™‰ü¿’)
6. ؈’ Åûª-úÕE î√™«-鬩ç éÀçü¿ô îª÷¨»†’. ¶µ«´çûÓ). last =
-ï-¢√-•’:
*´-J-≤ƒJ – °œ.P-´-®√´¤, É©xçü¿’
7. Åûª-úÕE ¢Á·†oØË îª÷¨»†’. a) Harbhajan Singh was the betenoire of the
6. I saw him long ago.
III. Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ™ idioms and phrases èπ◊ Ö†o Australian team till recently = Australia
7. I saw him just the day before/ only the day 1. The candle is out/ has gone out.
before.
v§ƒüµ∆†uç àN’öÀ? ïô’dèπ◊ éÌçûª-鬩ç éÀçü¿öÀ ´®Ωèπÿ, £æ«®Ωs¥-ï-Ø˛-Æœçí˚ 2. I put out the candle.
IV. Should, must àßË’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ¢√ú≈L? Åçõ‰ØË ´’çôí¬ ÖçúÕçC. III. î√™« v§ƒüµ∆-†u¢Ë’ ÖçC. Ççí∫x ¶µ«≠æ-™ØË é¬ü¿’, à 3. The thread has snapped.
– °œ.á-Ø˛.-N.-®Ω-´’-ù-¶«•’, A®Ω’-°æA b) Saddam Hussain was the betenoire of ¶µ«≠æ-™-ØÁjØ√ ÆæÍ® idioms,-ûª phrases Öçö«®·.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-´’çí∫-∞¡¢√®Ωç 25 ´÷-Ja 2008
v°æ¨¡o:
Please clarify following
doubts and write exam-
ples for each doubt.
1. I wish you would stop
smoking.
2. I wish today
Saturday.
3. I wish she would be quiet.
4. I shall writing a letter - DEo A letter shall be
being written by me -Å-ØÌ-î√a?
5. In spite of, despite Å™«Íí Although/ though
©†’ àßË’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥-™x ¢√úø-û√®Ó N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.
6. On the other hand Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ
N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.
-ï-¢√-•’:
– á.°çîª-©ßª’u, ®√ïç-Ê°ô
1. I wish you would stop smoking = You
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
smoke and I don't like it. I wish that you
stop smoking.
2.
É¢√∞¡ ¨¡E-¢√®Ωç Å®·ûË áçûª ¶«í∫’ç-úø’†’! (É¢√∞¡
¨¡E-¢√®Ωç é¬ü¿’. Å®·ûË ¶«í∫’ç-úËC ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ)
Ééπ\úø í∫´’-Eç-î√-LqçC – I wish today was.
Today-present, Was-past tense. DE-•-ü¿’©’
were èπÿú≈ ¢√-úÌa – v°æÆæ’hûªç -ÅÆæç-¶µº-´¢Á’i†
was ¢√öÀéÀ, v°æÆæ’hûªç B®ΩE éÓJ-éπ-©èπ◊ É™« was/ were
¢√úøû√ç. I wish he were here = -Å-ûª-úÕ-éπ\úø
É°æ¤púø’ Öçõ‰ áçûª ¶«í∫’ç-úø’†’!
3. I wish she would be quiet = Ç¢Á’ E¨¡z-•lçí¬
Öçú≈-©E éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o (Åçõ‰ Ç¢Á’ É°æ¤púø’ íÌúø´ I wish she were/ was letter shall/ will be being written
ïJÍí Å´-鬨¡ç ÖçC. ÅØÌa. (Ø√
îË≤ÚhçC, ÅE). (were-American; was-British) quiet - ÉC îËûª letter ®√ߪ’-•-úø’ûª÷ Öçô’çC.) ÉC ûÁ©’-í∫’-
DEéÀ I wish she were quiet èπÿ ûËú≈ í∫´’-Eü∆lç: É°æ¤púø’ (Ç¢Á’ E¨¡z-•lçí¬ Öçúøôç) ï®Ω-í∫ü¿’. ™ØË é¬ü¿’, passive English
áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úË ™
I wish she would be 4. O’®Ω’ I shall be writ- èπÿú≈ -ÅÆæ£æ«-ïçí¬ Öçô’çC. I shall be writing a
quiet =Ç¢Á’ E¨¡z-•lçí¬ ing a letter Åçô’-Ø√o-®Ω-†’- letter- direct í¬ simple í¬ Å®Ωnç Å´¤-ûª’-†o-°æ¤púø’,
Öçú≈-©E éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊ç- èπ◊çö«. DEéÀ passive passive ™ îÁ§ƒp-Lq† Å´-Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’. éπü∆.
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù voice, grammar for 5 & 6. OöÀéÀ 424 - 42 Lessons îª÷úøçúÕ.
ô’Ø√o – ÉC É°æ¤púø’
í¬F, future ™ í¬F 437 grammer's sake, the

v°æ¨¡o: v°æ¨¡o: Patricide = °œûª%£æ«ûªu 6. Eviction = to make somebody vacate a place.

(äéπ v°æüË-¨»Eo/ ÉçöÀE ë«S îË®·ç-îªúøç.)
1. Partnership 24 runs off 37 balls. éÀçC °æü∆-©èπ◊ Å®√n©’, v°æßÁ÷-í¬©’ Fratricide = ≤Úü¿-®Ω-£æ«ûªu, etc.,
a) The Municipal authorities evicted the peo-
°j ¢√éπuç™ off èπ◊ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? ü∆EéÀ •ü¿’©’ ûÁ©-°æçúÕ. Cide = v§ƒù’©†’ îªçÊ° ´’çü¿’©’
ple occupying its land =
A. 1. Messrs 2. Matricide
ûª† Ææn™«Eo Çvéπ-N’ç-
from ®√ÊÆh ûª§ƒp? Pesticide = véÀN’ <úø-°æ¤-®Ω’-í∫’© Ææç£æ…-JùÀ
3. Utter 4. Bluff 5. Evasion
-èπ◊†o ¢√∞¡x†’ ´·-Eq-§ƒ-Löà ë«S îË®·ç-*çC.
2. Get together party éÀ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? Insecticide = éÃôéπ Ø√¨¡E
6. Eviction 7. Gypsy 8. Uplift, b) The court ordered the eviction of the land
3. India win by 5 wickets ᙫ éπÈ®é˙d? Genocide = äéπ ñ«A ¢Á·û√hEo grabbers from the Government land =
lift up ÉN È®çúø÷ äÍé Å®√nEo
M.SURESAN
™„j¢˛ õ„L-é¬-Æˇd™ ÉçúÕߪ÷ Èí©-´-í¬ØË Â°j õ„jöÀ™¸ îªçÊ°-ߪ’úøç v°æ¶µº’ûªy ¶µº÷´·©†’ ÇvéπN’ç-*-†-¢√-JE ë«S
É≤ƒhߪ÷? ûÁ©-°æçúÕ.
¢Ë≤ƒh®Ω’. Win èπ◊ •ü¿’©’ past tense Å®·† îË®·ç-î √-©E court
won Öçú≈L éπü∆? ÇüË-Pç-*ç-C.

As dull as ditch water

7. Gypsy = ´’†
ï¢√•’:
– úÕ.vÊ°-´’-©ûª, ÇC-™«-¶«ü˛
®√≠æZç™E ©ç¶«-úŒ©’,
1. Off Åçõ‰ Ééπ\úø '†’ç*—/ '™— ÅE Å®Ωnç. Off á®Ω’-éπ©’ ™«í¬
Europe ™ äéπ
37 balls = 37 balls †’ç*/ 37 balls ™ Ææçî√-®Ω-ñ«A.
ÅE. B. É°æ¤púø’ î√™«-´’çC house wife ņ-ú≈-EéÀ
2. Get together party ņç. Get together Hitler, Jews (ߪ‚ü¿’) ñ«AE ¢Á·ûªhç îªçÊ°-ߪ÷-©- 8. Uplift = ÅGµ-´%Cl¥
•ü¿’©’ íı®Ω-´-¶µ«-´çí¬ '£æ«˜Æˇ-¢Ë’-éπ®˝— Åçô’-Ø√o®Ω’. †’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’. 鬕öÀd Åûª-úÕC genocide. Rural uplift projects = ví¬O’-ù«-Gµ-´%Cl¥ °æü∑¿-鬩’
ÅØ√o Åçö«ç, Party ÅØ√o Åçö«ç. †©’-í∫’®Ω÷ ÉC éπ®Ω-ÍédØ√? Infanticide = P¨¡Ÿ-£æ«ûªu Social uplift = ≤ƒ´÷->éπ ÅGµ-´%Cl¥.
éπ©Æœ Ææ®Ω-ü∆í¬ party îËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç/ àüÁjØ√ AE- C. The lecture was as dull as ditch water.
3. Utter = total = °æ‹Jh. Lift up = üˆo®·Ø√ °jéÀ ™‰°æúøç
û√T Ææ®Ω-ü∆í¬ í∫úø-°æúøç -Å-E -Å®Ωnç. D. You can buy most of the cold remedies
In utter sorrow she committed suicide = °æ‹Jh He lifted up his head = -Å-ûª-úø’ -ûª© °jÈé-û√húø’.
3. Newspaper, TV headings ™ Ææç°∂æ’-ô† ïJ- over the counter - Ñ È®ç-úø’ ¢√é¬u© Å®Ωnç
T-§Ú-®·ç-üÁjØ√ present tense (present àN’öÀ? N≥ƒ-ü¿çûÓ Ç¢Á’ Çûªt-£æ«ûªu îËÆæ’-èπ◊çC. Nobody lifted up a finger when the boy
His utter carelessness caused the accident teased the girl in public = Åçü¿-J-´·çü¿÷ Ç
simple) ™ ®√≤ƒh®Ω’. ûª®√yA Report ÉîËa-ô-
ï¢√•’: = Åûª-úÕ °æ‹Jh E®Ωxéπ~uç v°æ´÷-ü∆Eo éπL-Tç-*çC.
–áØ˛.XE-¢√-Ææ’-©’-È®úÕf, éπ©’-¢√®·
°æ¤púø’ ´÷vûªç present perfect ™‰ü∆ past 4. Bluff = •’é¬-®·ç-îªúøç
Å´÷t-®·E àúÕ-°œ-Ææ’h†o Ŷ«s®·¢Áj°æ¤ äéπ\-®Ω’-èπÿú≈
simple ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. A. 1. Messrs is the plural of Mister (Mr).
¢Ë™„Ah îª÷°æ-™‰ü¿’.
He bluffed to the people of the village that B. Housemaker é¬ü¿’, Homemaker Å-´¤-† ’.
î√™«
´’çC Ê°®Ω’x îÁ°æ¤h-†o-°æ¤púø’ v°æA Ê°®Ω’ ´·çü¿’ Mr. he was a revenue official = ûª†’ revenue
¢√úË •ü¿’©’, ¢Á·ü¿öÀ Ê°®Ω’ ´·çü¿’ Messrs É°æ¤púø’, homemaker †’ housewife éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\-
v°æ¨¡o: ´í¬ ¢√úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’. Å¢Á’-J-鬙 Å®·ûË house
¢√úøû√ç. ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Ææ®ΩyX ™«í¬. Mr. Reddy, ÅCµ-é¬-J-†E Ç ví¬´’-Ææ’h-©†’ •’é¬-®·ç-î√úø’.
Bluff Éçûªèπ◊ ´·çü¿’ lessons ™ N´-Jçî√ç worker É°æpöÀ ¢√úø’éπ.
Mr Naidu and Mr. Sastry = Messrs Reddy,
1. Quarterly/ Half yearly/ Annual examina-
Naidu and Sastry. Company C. As dull as ditch water - ÉC English idiom =
îª÷úøçúÕ.
tions - Quarterly/ Half
©’ ´uèπ◊h©
Åçõ‰ éπÈ®é¬d? ™‰éπ
Messrs 5. Evasion = áíÌ_-ôdúøç/ áí∫-¢Ëûª
yearly/ Annual examination
Ê°®Ωx™ Öçõ‰, ¢√öÀ ´·çü¿’ èπÿú≈ †’ î√™« ÅØ√-Ææ-éÀh-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i†/ extremely boring.
Åçõ‰ éπÈ®é¬d?
M/s M/s Larsen & Turbo Evasion of taxes is common all over the
2. éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©†’ passive voice -™ ®√--ߪ’-úø-¢Á’-™«?
í¬ Ææ÷*≤ƒhç. (ÉC The movie/ novel is as dull as ditch water =
company world = °æ†’o© áí∫-¢Ëûª v°æ°æç-îªç™ ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ωùç.
1. I shall go to market
´uèπ◊h© Ê°®ΩxûÓ ÖçúË ´·çü¿’
a) He was punished for his evasion of duty =
Ç ÆœE´÷/ †´© î√™« bore í¬ ÖçC.
D. Over the counter = (´’çü¿’© ™«çöÀN)
´÷vûª¢Ë’)
2. I go to market Duty áíÌ_-öÀd-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ Åûª-úÕéÀ Péπ~-°æ-úÕçC.
M/s Johnson and Johnson, etc.
3. I went market Doctor's prescriptions ™‰èπ◊çú≈ Ææ’©-¶µºçí¬ é̆-í∫-
2. Matricide = b) He evaded a direct answer = Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç ü∆ô
4. I waited
´÷ûª%-£æ«ûªu/ ûªLxE îªç°æúøç.
-¢Ë-¨»úø’. (evade duty/ taxes, etc) L-TûË, we buy them over/ across the counter.
cide Åçõ‰ îªç°æúøç, suicide = Çûªt-£æ«ûªu
ï¢√•’:
– ¢Áj.í¬-ߪ’vA, ÇÆœ-§∂ƒ-¶«ü˛
1. Quarterly/ Half year/ Annual Examinations v°æ¨¡o: 4. The power is off/ out; The power has gone -v°æ-¨¡o:
Correct.
ņ-úø¢Ë’ off/ out. Ççvüµ¿-v°æ-üË-¨¸™ ûÁ©’í∫’ ´÷ö«x-úø-•-úø’†’ ÅE
2. 1st, 2nd and 3rd sentences verb, go
™
éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ᙫ ®√ߪ÷L? 5. The power is back. ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ îÁ°æp-ú≈-EéÀ Telugu is spoken in
1. ؈’ ü∆®√Eo ûÁçÊ°¨»†’. Andhra Pradesh ÅØ√™«? ™‰ü∆ Telugu is
(shall go, go, went). Go object
ÅØËC ™‰E 6. ´’†ç ¶µ«®Ω-ûª-üË-¨¡ç™ ¢√úË îÁ°æ¤p-©èπ◊ English™
verb ( Åçõ‰ á´-JE/ üËEéÀ ¢Á∞¡xúøç ÅE v°æPoç-- 2. Éçöx ™„jô’x ÇJ-§Ú-ߪ÷®· (á´®Ω÷ Ç®Ωp-™‰ü¿’) ÆæÈ®j† ´÷ô ™‰ü¿’. Chappals ÇçUx-éπ-Jç-*† being spoken in Andhra Pradesh
answer
èπ◊çõ‰ Object
®√ü¿’). verbs
™‰E 3. Éçöx ™„jô’x ¢ÁL-í¬®· (á´®Ω÷ Æœyî˝ ¢Ëߪ’-™‰ü¿’) £œ«çD-´÷ô – English ¢√∞¡xèπ◊, Americans èπÿ ÅØ√™«? È®çúÕç-öÀéà ûËú≈ àN’öÀ?
(Intransitive verbs) Imperative sen-
-ï-¢√-•’:
èπ◊ 4. Éçöx éπÈ®çô’ §Ú®·çC. ÅC Å®Ωnç-é¬ü¿’, ¢√-∞¡Ÿx -Å™«çöÀ îÁ°æ¤p©’ ¢√úø®Ω’ –Èé.Ø√-í∫-îÁjûª†u, §ƒßª’-éπ-®√-´¤-Ê°ô
tences passive I é¬-•-öÀd. ¢√∞¡Ÿx Éçöx ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ¢√úË slippers
5. éπÈ®çô’ ´*açC.
™ ûª°æp Öçúøü¿’.
waited wait, Intransitive verb
™ èπÿú≈ 鬕öÀd Telugu is spoken in AP= AP ™ ûÁ©’í∫’
6. Ø√ îÁ°æ¤p©’ ûÁT-§Ú-ߪ÷®·.
§ƒü¿ç °j¶µ«-í¬Eo ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ´‚Æœ Öç-ûª’çC.
passive Imperative sentences
®√ü¿’. Å®·ûË ´’† belt shoes, ¢√∞¡x sandals. Shoes, ankle ´÷ö«x-úø-•-úø’†’– á°æ¤púø÷– Åéπ\úÕ ¶µ«≠æ ÅC, ÅE
Intransitive Å®Ωnç.Telugu is being spoken in AP= É°æ¤púø’
-ï-¢√-•’:
™ (Çïc©’, éÓJ-éπ©’ ûÁL-Ê°N) èπ◊ –°œ.P-´-®√´¤, É©xçü¿’ éÀçü¿èπ◊ Öçö«®·. Boots, ankle °jéÀ Öçö«®·.
passive AP™ ûÁ©’í∫’ ´÷ö«x-úø-•-úø’ûª÷ ÖçC/-É-°æ¤p-úø-éπ\úø
èπÿú≈ Öçô’çC. é¬F ÅC î√™« éπ%ûª- Åçü¿’-´©x Ø√ îÁ°æ¤p©’ ûÁT-§Ú-ߪ÷®·. Åçõ‰, The
éπçí¬ Öçô’çC. 1. I cut the thread/ I snapped the thread. straps of my footwear has snapped ÅØ√L. ûÁ©’í∫’ ´÷ö«x-úø’ûª÷ ÖØ√o-®ΩE Å®Ωnç. ÉC ÆæJ-
e.g. AV: Please go away (request). 2. The lights have gone out/ are off. Footwear Åçõ‰ à ®Ωéπ-¢Á’i† §ƒü¿-®Ω-éπ~-®·Ø√.
é¬ü¿’ éπü∆?Çç-vüµ¿-v°æ-üË-¨¸-™ á°æ¤púø÷ ´÷ö«x-úËC
PV: You are requested to go away.
3. The light is back/ The lights/ lamps are Straps = °æöÃd©’.
ûÁ©’Íí éπü∆? Åçü¿’-éπE Telugu is spoken cor-
AV: Wait here. rect. Telugu is being spoken in AP-
back/ The lights (lamps) are on again. Shoes have worn out = shoes ÅJ-T-§Ú-ߪ÷®·.
PV: You are asked to wait here. Incorrect.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 27 ´÷-Ja 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
-v°æ-¨¡o: a) The budget frees the farmers from the repay-
ment of bank loans. Against this backdrop, it
1. Please explain how to use
is clear that it is an election budget = Ñ ØË°æ-
backdrop word.
ü∑¿uç™ îª÷ÊÆh = against this backdrop.
2. The pronunciation of 'The
b) It is against the backdrop of the Godhra inci-
and A'. Some times 'The'
dent that communal clashes began in Gujarat
pronounced and some
= The Godhra incident explains the commu-
ü¿
other times A- and
nal trouble in Gujarat.
C. á Å
please give detail examples.
2. Please refer to Spoken English lesson No.3
3. Please explain Adversity is the touch stone of
for the correct pronunciation of 'The'.
friendship.
The article 'a' is pronounced as when it
Å
-v°æ-¨¡o: they? Å®·ûË éÌçü¿®Ω’ grammarians, didn't he/
ï¢√•’: has no stress, and as when it is stressed.
– -Ö-¢Á’t£æ«-E, û√çúø÷®˝ -'á—
'a' ´÷´‚-©’í¬ °æL-éÀûË, Å éÌçîÁç ØÌéÀ\ °æL-éÀûË, 1. Everyone attended the meeting. she? Å--Ø√-©ç-ö«®Ω’, everyone = v°æA äéπ\®Ω÷
1. Backdrop actually means the curtain that is á í¬ N†-°æ-úø’-ûª’çC. (Å book - ´÷´‚-©’í¬ 2. Three centuries have been made by (Çú≈, ´’í¬) ÖçúÌa éπü∆ ÅE. Å®·ûË Modern
at the back part of the stage, forming the V.V.S.Laxman in the Sydney play ground. English ™ É™«çöÀ îÓôx they ¢√úø’-Èéj-§Ú-®·çC.
îÁ°æp-úøç. ؈’ äéπ °æ¤Ææh-é¬Eo í∫’JçîË îÁ°æ¤h-Ø√o†’ ÅE
background. ØÌéÀ\-°æ-L-éÀûË, Å°æ¤púø’, á book Åçö«ç.) Ñ È®çúø’ ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ question tag ûÁL°œ, ¢√öÀE 2. Three centuries have been made by Laxman,
But backdrop used in the expression, 3. Very different situations in life are the real test N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. haven't they? (Å®·Ø√ Ééπ\úø Ñpassive
'against this backdrop' means, the circum- of friendship = You know that a friend of yours voice Laxman has made
ï¢√•’:
– Ææ’üµ¿, §ƒ´E; ´’ûªqu-°æ¤J, °æPa-´’-íÓ-ü∆-´J ņ-´-Ææ®Ωç éπü∆?
stances and general conditions in which an is a real friend when he helps you in difficult three centuries, hasn't he? simpler
ņ-úøç
event takes place. situations. 1. Everyone attended the meeting, didn't éπü∆?)

-v°æ-¨¡o: convincing verb, am

convincing ™ ¶µ«í∫ç.
II. Will be/ shall be 'be'
forms -ÉN subject ÖçúË
v°æ¨¡o:
verb be Will
éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©†’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ -á-™« ®√-ߪ÷-™ -ûÁ-©’°æí∫-©®Ω’. Ñ ®Ω÷°æç – ÆœnAE ûÁ©’-°æ¤-û√®·. 1. ¢Á·í∫-´÷ôç, *ûªh-¨¡ŸCl¥ °æü∆-©†’
from + ... ing form.
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù know, shall know (will/
-Å-™«Íí ¢√uéπ-®Ωù ®Ω÷°æç™ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. Ççí∫xç™ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’?
I. 1. I am convincing her. (present participle) Ééπ\úø present par- 438 shall + 1st RDW) subject Hesitation, demur, modest
2. She is now convinced (past participle) ticiple
†’ indepen- îËÊÆ °æ†’-©†’ ûÁLÊ°action ™«çöÀN ÆæÈ®j† Å®√nEo (¢Á·í∫-
3. We have convinced her (past participle) dent
í¬ ¢√úøôç ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆? words. ´÷ôç) Ææ÷*-≤ƒhߪ÷? Sincerity
4. You are very convincing (adjective) 2. She is now convinced, Ééπ\úø convinced, she is English ™ WILL be know Å-ØË verb form ™‰ü¿’. ņo °æü¿ç *ûªh-¨¡Ÿ-Cl¥éÀ ÆæJ-§Úü∆?
5. She has a speaking part in the school play interested ™ interested ™«í¬, past participle, III.´’ç* grammar book àü¿-®·Ø√ modals †’ 2. 'Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’— ņo Å®Ωnç™ 'I
(adjective) Å®·ûË ÅC adjective í¬ ¢√úøû√ç. í∫’Jç* ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC – Wren and Martin ûÓ Ææ£æ…. wouldn't know ' ÅE éÌEo
II. Simple future tense ™ 3. We have convinced her - Ééπ\úø convinced (pp), IV. 1. You are astonishing everyone = †’´¤y †´-©™x îªC-¢√†’. 'I don't
1. I shall be twenty next Saturday. verb ™ ¶µ«í∫ç (Have/ has/ had etc., + past Åçü¿JF Ǩ¡a-®Ωuç™ ´·çîÁ-ûª’h-ûª’-Ø√o´¤. know' ÆæÈ®jçC é¬ü∆?
2. It will be Diwali in a week. participle) – -Ç®˝.-áç.-N.-á-Ø˛.®Ω´÷-é¬ç-ûª®√-´¤,
3. We will know our exam
ï¢√•’:
N¨»-ê-°æôoç

You ar e astonishing ever yone

results in May – Ñ ¢√éπuç™
will be know
1. ¢Á·£æ«-´÷ôç– Unassertiveness.
áçü¿’èπ◊ ®√èπÿ-
úøüÓ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
III. ÉçTx≠ˇ– ûÁ©’í∫’ ví¬´’®˝, ÉçTx≠ˇ *ûªh-¨¡ŸCl¥ – Sincerity.
ví¬´’-®˝™ modal verbs í∫’Jç* Hesitation - Ææ稡ߪ ’ç, ÉC-é¬Ææh
N´--Jç-îË °æ¤Ææhé¬-©’ ûÁ©-°æçúÕ. ¢Á·£æ«-´÷--ö«-EéÀ ü¿í∫_®Ω. Å®·ûË, cor-
IV. 1.You are astonishing everyone. 4. You are very convincing -
Ééπ\úø con- 2. You are astonishing = †’´¤y Ǩ¡a®Ωuç rect í¬ lack of assertiveness =
vincing adjective (The book is
2. You are astonishing.
O’®Ω -† oô’x éπL-T-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤. ´’†ç ņ’-èπ◊-†oC E®Ìt-£æ«-´÷-ôçí¬
interesting
™, interesting
™«í¬). 3. Everyone was astonished =
3. Everyone was astonished. Åçü¿®Ω÷ îÁ°æp-í∫-L-Íí-¨¡éÀh ™‰éπ-§Ú-´-úøç, ÅØË-ü∆-EéÀ
5.Speaking part - Ééπ\úø ...ing form adjec-
4. The writing is very bhorned. Ǩ¡a-®Ωu-§Ú-ߪ÷®Ω’. °æ‹Jhí¬ ÆæJ-§Úü¿’.
tive ™«í¬ °æE-îË-Ææ’hçC. Interesting book 4. The writing is very bhorned? Demure/ modest - ´·êuçí¬ Çúø-
ï¢√•’:
– Èé.†-®Ω-Æœç-£æ…-È®úÕf, £j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛ ™ Interesting ™«í¬. äéπ-´’-E≠œ/ ´Ææ’h´¤
bhorned/ bhorsed? -
M.SURESAN
á-™«ç-öÀ-üÓ îÁÊ°pC, adjective. ÉC Å®Ωnç 鬴-úøç- ¢√∞¡x N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ – Éûª-®Ω’© ü¿%≠œdE
English
I. I am convincing- Ééπ\úø present participle Å®·†
™‰ü¿’. Ñ ´÷ô ™ ™‰ü¿’. ÇéπJ{ç-îª-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúË -Å-ØË Å®ΩnçûÓ
¢√úøû√ç.
-v°æ-¨¡o: -v°æ-¨¡o: ii) Conditional sentence Åçõ‰ O’ Å®Ωnç condition †’ Demur - ÅÆæ-´’t-Aí¬ Öçúøôç.

1. i) Past participle sentence Å®·ûË, If, had ™‰èπ◊çú≈ à®Ωp-úø’- 2. I don't know - Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’
1. So-called Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? ûÓ ¢√éπuç v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç* éÌEo Öü∆- ûÁLÊ°
2. He got killed- Ñ ¢√éπuç éπ®Ω-ÍédØ√? È®çúø’ past £æ«-®Ω-ù©’ É´yç-úÕ. ûª’çC. ÅE ´÷´‚-©’í¬ Å†úøç.
forms °æéπ\-°æ-éπ\ØË ®√èπÿ-úøü¿’ éπü∆? ii) Å™«Íí ¢√é¬u-EéÀ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µºç™ if ™‰ü∆ had ™‰èπ◊çú≈ When/ provided you work hard, you will succeed- I wouldn't know - Ø√Íéç ûÁL-
3. ÅGµ-†ç-ü¿-F-ߪ·úø’ – DEéÀ ÉçTx≠ˇ °æü¿ç àN’öÀ? conditional sentence à®Ωp-úø’-ûª’çü∆?ᙫ? ed = condi-
†’´¤y éπ≠d-°æ æ-úÕûË Nïߪ’ç §Òç-ü¿’-û√-´¤. ÉC ߪ’ü¿’, ü∆E N≠æߪ’ç Å-E éÌç-îÁç
2. a) We should save the trees from being cut tional sentence When/ provided you work
4. She encircling her being – DE Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ?
éπü∆? í∫öÀdí¬ îÁ°æpúøç.
down. hard - Condition. when = provided = if.
Ééπ\úø
ï¢√•’: -v°æ-¨¡o:
– Èé.áÆˇ.Ç®˝., ü¿Jz
b) He was against the treasures being sent to Before you pay the fees, you cannot be admitted
France. – being = fees
-O’®Ω’ éπ-ôdéπ -´·ç--ü¿’ -N’--´’t-Lo -îË®Ω’aéÓ-™‰ç. -Ééπ\úø
1. So called =
°j È®çúø’ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù™x Å®Ωnç 1.
Before you pay the fees, condition
Å™« ņ-•úË/ Å™« °œ©-´-•úË. èπÿú≈ éπü∆. 'Ææçߪ·-éπhçí¬— °æü∆-EéÀ Ççí∫x-°æü¿ç
a) These politicians, the so called servants of
àN’öÀ?
3. Orlando told Gonymede that he had advised 2. Cutting down = (Active voice) = being cut down àN’öÀ?
the public, serve only themselves =
(Passive voice)
v°æñ«
his brother to get ready for the marriage the -Ö-ü∆: ߪ·´-®√ñ¸ Æœçí˚, vÍí¢˛’ Æœtû˝
ÊÆ´-èπ◊-©-†-•úË Ñ ®√ïéÃߪ’ Ø√-ߪ’-èπ◊©’ -ûª-´’ éÓÆæ-¢Ë’ from cutting down -
next day and that he himself would have loved †®Ω-éπúøç †’ç* (†®Ω-éπ-èπ◊çú≈) Éü¿l®Ω÷ Ææçߪ·-éπhçí¬ ´÷uØ˛ Ç°∂ˇ C
°æ-EîËÆæ’hç-ö«®Ω’. from being cut down =
to get married to his Rosalind [As you like it.] †®Ω-éπ-•-úøôç †’ç* (†®Ω-éπ-•- ÆœKÆˇ Å¢√®Ω’f Èí©’--èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’.
b) The so called world champions in cricket,
Åçúø-®˝-™„jØ˛ îËÆœ† ¢√éπu-¶µ«-í¬-EéÀ ûÁ©’í∫’ Å®Ωnç îÁ°æp Passive
úø-èπ◊çú≈) – 'be' form
™ Å´-Ææ®Ωç, Åçü¿’èπ◊ 2. •çü˛èπ◊
the Australians, had to accept defeat at the
Ççí∫x-°æü¿ç àN’öÀ?
-í∫-©®Ω’. being He was against sending
¢√úøû√ç. Å™«Íí,
hands of the Indians = ´÷¢Ó-®·-Ææ’d©’ Í®°æ¤ ®√≠æZ •çü˛èπ◊
the treasures to France (AV) =
v°æ°æçîª Nñ‰-ûª©’í¬
4. I have been down, suh, to see ol' – DEéÀ ûÁ©’í∫’ Ç Eüµ¿’-©†’ °œ©’-°æ¤- -É-î√a®Ω’. DEo Ççí∫xç™
France He
°œ©-´-•úË ÇÊÆZ-Lߪ’†’x, ¶µ«®Ωû˝ îËûª’™x ãôN’E èπ◊ ûª®Ω-Lç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ Åûªúø’ ´uA-Í®éπç =
Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL?
was against the treasures being sent to France
ÅçUéπ-Jç-î√Lq ´*açC.
c) The so called expert in English has made
ï¢√•’:
– Èé.á-Æˇ.-Ç®˝. ´÷®Ω÷d®Ω’
ï¢√•’:
(Passive)- being
Ééπ\úø Åçõ‰ É™«çöÀ îÓôx èπ◊ – N.®√-ñ¸- π◊-´÷®˝, £j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛
these mistakes = Ççí∫xç™ E°æ¤-ù’úø’í¬ Ê°®Ω’-†o v°æûËuéπ Å®Ωnç àç Öçúøü¿’ – ÅCpassive construc-
1. i) Given the freedom that he wants, he can
Çߪ’† Ñ ûª°æ¤p©’ î˨»úø’. tion verb form
™ ™ ¶µ«í∫ç. 1. Ææçߪ·éπh =joint. Yuvraj and
2. He got killed - Correct. Ééπ\úø killed past achieve anything = Åûª-úÕéÀ 鬴-©-Æœ† ≤ƒyûªçvûªuç
3. Rosalind †’ °Rx-îË-Ææ’-èπ◊çõ‰ ûª†èπ◊ èπÿú≈ džç-ü¿çí¬ Greame Smith won the man
tense é¬ü¿’, past participle. Åûªúø’ É´y-•-úÕûË (Åûª-úÕ-éÀÊÆh Åûª-úË-üÁjØ√ ≤ƒCµç-îª-í∫-©úø’)
of the match award jointly/
Given - past participle
Öçô’ç-ü¿E (îÁ§ƒpúø’).
3. Deserves to be appreciated/ has to be 4. Suh Åçõ‰ Ééπ\úø Ç ´÷ö«xúË Åûªúø’, Sir †’ pro- They won the award jointly.
appreciated. Thrown out of job, he is starving = ÖüÓuí∫ç †’ç*
nounce îËÊÆ Nüµ¿ç, Å™«Íí ol' èπÿú≈ all †’ pro- 2. •çü˛èπ◊ ÆæÈ®j† Ççí∫x-°æ-ü¿ç-™‰ü¿’. A
4. She encircling her being-
ûÌ©-Tç-îª-•úÕ, Åûªúø’ °æÆæ’h-©’ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’.
Å®Ωnç -™‰ü¿’. nounce îËÊÆ Nüµ¿ç. total/ general strike
Thrown - past participle ņ-´îª’a.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 30 ´÷-Ja 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
Mihir: Don't poke fun at me. I hate to see you Look at the following expressions from the
bursting into laughter like that. conversation above:
(††’o Çô-°æ-öÀdç-îªèπ◊. †’´¤y Å™« °æí∫-©-•úÕ 1) Don't poke fun at me.
†´yúøç Ø√Íé-´÷vûªç É≠ædç ™‰ü¿’.) 2) Your joke is out of place.
Akhil: Take it easy Mihir. It's just an innocent 3) Why are you so worked up?
joke. 4) I am running short of time.
(Å™« ¶«üμ¿-°æ-úøèπ◊, ûËLí¬_ BÆæ’éÓ. ÅüË ü¿’®Ω’-üËl-¨¡ç- 1) Poke fun: Çô-°æ-öÀdç-îªúøç/ ÍíL-îË-ߪ’úøç/ áí∫-û√R
™‰E joke.) îËߪ’úøç/ Å°æ-£æ…Ææuç îËߪ’úøç
a) Neeraja has no sense of time and place. She
Mihir: Your joke, let me tell you, is out of place.
pokes fun at every body as if she were very
(F joke èπ◊ ÉC Æ洒ߪ’ç é¬ü¿E îÁ°æ¤hØ√o). smart = F®Ω-ïèπ◊ á°æ¤púø÷, áéπ\ú≈ ÅØË Ç™-
Akhil: Why are you so worked up? a) Don't work yourself up into such anger. There
condolence =
Öçúøü¿’. ûªØËüÓ ´’£æ… ûÁL-¢Ájç-üÁj-†ô’x Åçü¿-JF áí∫- Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™ ÆæJ-鬴¤) äéπJ ´’®Ωùç
(áçü¿’-éπçûª ÇçüÓ-∞¡†/ éÓ°æçí¬ ÖØ√o´¤?) û√R îËÆæ’hç-ô’çC. isn't any need for it = Åçûª éÓ°æç ûÁa-éÓèπ◊. Åçûª
Mihir: You would be, as well, if you were in my
°æôx Ææçû√°æç
b) Don't poke fun at his clothes. He isn't as well
b) Her jokes were out of place in a serious situ-
Å´-Ææ-®Ω¢Ë’ç ™‰C-°æ¤púø’.
place. Here I am running short of time to as off as you are = b) On seeing their favourite hero, the crowd
ation like that =
finish my work, and you disturb me by
Åçûª
ÅûªúÕ ü¿’Ææ’h©’ îª÷Æœ worked itself up into great excitement =
your silly jokes.
í∫çHμ-®Ω-¢Á’i† °æJ-Æœn-A™
†´yèπ◊/ áí∫-û√R îËߪ’èπ◊. Ç¢Á’ jokes ÅÆæç-ü¿- ¢√∞¡x ÅGμ-´÷† hero éπE°œç-îª-í¬ØË Ç ï†ç ûÁí∫
-Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù
(†’´¤y Ø√ ≤ƒn†ç™ Öçõ‰ †’´¤y èπÿú≈ Ø√™«í¬ Åûªúø’ F Åçûª üμ¿E-èπ◊úø’ Öû√q£æ« °æúÕ-§Ú-ߪ÷®Ω’ (¢√∞¡x Öû√q-£æ…-EéÀ °æôd-°æ-í¬_©’
439
ÇçüÓ-∞¡-†-ûÓØË Öçö«´¤. °æE °æ‹Jh-îË-ÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ é¬úø’. ®Ωs¥çí¬ ÖØ√o®·.
™‰èπ◊ç-ú≈-§Ú-®·çC).
time ™‰éπ ؈’ ¶«üμ¿-°æ-
c) Why is he so worked up even at the mention

Why ar e you so worked up?

of my name =
úø’-ûª’çõ‰ F Å®Ωnç-™‰E Ø√ Ê°®Ω’ Nçõ‰ØË Åçûª éÓ°æç ûÁa-
jokes ûÓ ††’o dis-
turb îËÆæ’h-Ø√o´¤)
èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o-úË-N’öÀ?
4) Run short of = éÌ®Ω-ûªí¬ Öçúøôç
Akhil: I'm sorry, old boy. I
a) Hurry up we are running short of time = ûªy®Ω-
am ready to lend a
hand to help you complete your work. Let c) Poking fun at others is certainly c) Informal clothes are out of place °æúø’ time ™‰ü¿’ ´’†èπ◊.
me know. What can I do for you? bad manners =
Éûª®Ω’©†’ Å°æ£æ…Ææuç when you attend an interview = b) I doubt if we can complete the project if we
Interview
èπ◊ ´÷´‚©’ ü¿’Ææ’h©’ (T run short of funds like this =
(Sorry N’vûª´÷, F °æE °æ‹®Ωh-ßË’uç-ü¿’èπ◊ ؈’
îËߪ’úøç ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ ü¿’v≠æp-´-®ΩhØË. É™« ´’†èπ◊ Eüμ¿’©’
2) Out of place = ÅÆæç-ü¿-®Ωs ¥-¢Á ’i†/ Shirts, jeans™«çöÀN) ÅÆæç-ü¿-®Ωs¥çí¬ éÌ®Ωûªí¬ Öçõ‰ ´’†ç project
°æ‹Jh îËߪ’-í∫-©´÷ ÅE
≤ƒßª’ç îË≤ƒh†’. ØËØËç îËߪ’-í∫-©ØÓ îÁ°æ¤p.)
Mihir: That's being a friend. Dictate these
Ææ´’-ߪ÷ -Ææç-ü¿-®√s¥©’ ™‰E Öçö«®·/ Ææ´’-ßÁ÷-*-ûªçí¬ Öçúø´¤. Ø√èπ◊ ÆæçüË-£æ«çí¬ ÖçC.
a) Claps and cheers are out of place 3) Work somebody/ Yourself up/ É´Fo Spoken form of English ™ î√™«
addresses to me as I write.
at a condolence meeting = Ææçû√-°æ- be worked up into = üËEo í∫’Jç-îª- common. O’ Spoken English Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ Öçú≈-©çõ‰
(Friend Åçõ‰ Å™« Öçú≈L. Ñ address ©’ Ææ-¶μº™ æpô’x, ÍéJç-ûª©÷ ÅÆæç-ü¿-®Ωs¥çí¬ ®·Ø√ Ç¢Ë-¨¡-°æ-úÕ-§Ú-´úøç/ ÖvüË-éπ-°æ-úÕ-§Ú- ÉN ¢√úøçúÕ, practise îËÆœ.
†’´¤y îªü¿’-´¤-ûª÷çõ‰ ؈’ ®√Ææ’hçö«.) M.SURESAN ´úøç/ ÅÆæ-£æ«-Ø√-EéÀ ™†-´úøç.
Öçö«®·. (Å™«çöÀ Ææçû√°æ
EXERCISE c) The ointment soothed the pain of the injury = b) Don't harp on your past failures. Think of
Trophy = -N-ï-ߪ÷-EéÀ *£æ«oçí¬ ÉîËa cups,
Match the expressions under A with their ointment what you can do to win in future =
medals, etc.
í¬ßª’ç ¶«üμ¿ †’ç* Ç Ö°æ-¨¡-´’†ç éπL-Tç- F í∫ûª
meanings under B. *çC. Covet X Despise (ÅÆæ-£œ«uç--éÓ-´úøç/ üËy≠œç-îªúøç) ¢Áj°∂æ-™«u-©†’ í∫’JçîË ´÷ö«x-úø’ûª÷ Öçúøèπ◊.
A B Soother = °œ©x©’ àúø-´-èπ◊çú≈ ¢√∞¡x ØÓöx °õ‰d ¶μºN-≠æu-ûª’h™ ᙫ Èí©-´-í∫-©¢Ó Ç™-*ç.
3) Minute = DEo N’E-ö¸í¬ pronounce îËÊÆh Å®Ωnç,
1. Soothing A. Very small rubber °‘éπ c) All through his speech the speaker was harp-
Soothe X Aggravate/ Upset/ Irritate
EN’≠æç. é¬F ¢Á’i†÷u-ö¸í¬ pronounce îËÊÆh Å®Ωnç,
2. Covet B. Allot (A) very small = î√™« *†o/ Ææ÷éπ~ t-¢Á’i† ÅE. ing on good old days =Çߪ’† Ö°æØ√uÆæç ¢Á·ûªhç
3. Minute C. Surround Aggravate = ¶«üμ¿-©†’, éπ≥ƒd-©†’ áèπ◊\´ îËߪ’úøç Minute particles = Ææ ÷éπ~ t-¢Á ’i† éπù«©’/ §ƒûª ®ÓV© í∫’JçîË ´÷ö«x-ú≈úø’.
4. Harp on D. Comforting Upset = ´’†-Ææ’†’ *®√èπ◊/ ÇçüÓ-∞¡-†èπ◊ í∫’J-îË-ߪ’úøç Harp on, phrasal verb
Ææ÷éπ~ t¢Á’i† ´·éπ\©’
5. Set aside E. Hint Irritate = ´’çô-™«çöÀ ¶«üμ¿ éπL-Tç-îªúøç/ éÓ°æç 5) Set aside ( ÉD phrasal verb) = Allot = Íéö«-®·ç-
a) Even a minute quantity of cyanide is deadly
F. Desire = Cyanide
ûÁ°œpç-îªúøç (äéπ ®Ω≤ƒ-ߪ’†ç) -áç-ûª -ûªèπ◊\-¢Áj-Ø√ îªúøç
2) Covet = Desire = î√™« í¬úμøçí¬ éÓ®Ω’-éÓ-´úøç. a) He set aside half an hour every morning for
G. Continue to talk about v§ƒù«ç-ûªéπç Å´¤-ûª’çC.
a) Who doesn't covet to be a CM?/ the position yoga =
KEY : 1-D; 2-F; 3-A; 4-G; 5-B. b) Minute gold particles were strewn all over Çߪ’† v°æA ®ÓW Å®Ω-í∫çô ßÁ÷í¬èπ◊ Íéö«-
of a CM? = CM
the place =
í¬ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊ á´®Ω’ éÓ®Ω’-éÓ®Ω’?/
EXPLANATION *†o-*†o •çí¬®Ω’ ´·éπ\©’ ØË©çû√ ®·ç-î√úø’.
CM °æü¿-NE é¬çéÀ~ç-îª®Ω’? °æúÕ ÖØ√o®·. b) He has set aside a part of his savings for his
1) Soothing = Comforting = Ö°æ-¨¡-´’†ç/ Ü®Ωô b) I have long coveted the chance of having a
Strewn = îÁ™«x-îÁ-ü¿’-®Ω’í¬ °æúÕ Öçúøôç daughter's marriage = ûª†’ §Òü¿’°æ¤ îËÆæ’-èπ◊†o
éπL-TçîË/ ãüΔ®Ω’p éπL-TçîË job in that company = com-
î√™« 鬩çí¬ Ç
Minute X Enormous (°ü¿l) ¢Á·ûªhç™ éÌçûª ¶μ«í¬Eo èπÿ-ûª’®Ω’ °R}éÀ
Soothe = ãüΔ®Ω’p/ Ü®Ωô/ Ö°æ-¨¡-´’†ç éπLTçîªúøç pany ™ ÖüÓuí∫ç éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊-Ø√o†’ ؈’.
Soothe - Soothed (past & past participle) c) The director long coveted the chance to 4) Harp on = continue to talk about = äÍé N≠æ- Íéö«-®·ç-î√úø’.
Set aside èπ◊ ÉçéÓ Å®Ωnç = °j court éÀçC court
a) The music was very soothing to her in the make a movie with that hero = Ç £‘«®ÓûÓ äéπ ߪ÷Eo í∫’Jç* ÅüË °æEí¬ ´÷ö«xúø’ûª’ç-úøôç
troubled state of her mind = *é¬-èπ◊í¬ Ö†o Ç¢Á’ *vûªç îËߪ÷-©E Ç ü¿®Ωz-èπ◊úø’ î√™«-é¬-©çí¬ éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊- (Éûª-®Ω’-©èπ◊ NÆæ’í∫’ °æ¤öÀdç-îË™«) B®Ω’p†’ éÌõ‰d-ߪ’úøç.
´’†-Ææ’èπ◊ Ç ÆæçUûªç Ü®Ωô éπL-Tç-*çC. Ø√oúø’. a) Meet him a hundred times, he always harps The high court set aside his conviction by the
b) He found the words of his teacher very Coveted = î√™«-´’çC áèπ◊\´í¬ é¬çéÀ~çîË. on the falling standards of education = lower court = court
éÀçC ™ Åûª-úÕéÀ °æúÕ† Péπ~†’
soothing when he lost hope of success = In cricket the World cup is a coveted trophy Çߪ’†’o ´çü¿-≤ƒ®Ω’x éπ©’-Ææ’éÓ, Çߪ’-ØÁ-°æ¤púø÷ °æúÕ high court éÌõ‰d-ÆœçC.
Nïߪ’ç°j E®√¨¡ §ÒçC†°æ¤púø’ Åûª-úÕéÀ ¢√∞¡x öÃ˝ = Cricket ™ v°æ°æçîª éπ°ˇ ÅØËC Åçü¿®Ω÷ (ÅEo -§Ú-ûª’†o NüΔu v°æ´÷-ù«© í∫’JçîË ´÷ö«x-úø’ûª÷ Conviction = Judge NCμçîË Péπ~
´÷ô©’ î√™« ãüΔ®Ω’p éπL-Tç-î√®·. teams) trophy.
é¬çéÀ~çîË NÆœ-T-≤ƒhúø’.

-v°æ-¨¡o: b) Lest it should lead to escalation of violence °j ¢√é¬u© ´’üμ¿u ûËú≈ àN’öÀ? b) The Romans were the first to
have seen the animal =
=
1. Twenty five minutes is enough for you to get
(´’†ç
ï¢√•’:
£œ«çÆæ/ üˆ®Ωb†uç °®Ω-í∫-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊ – ÉC – â.Ææûªu-Ø√-®√-ߪ’ù, û√öÀ-°æJh
sentence
rapped - is
°j ¢√éπuç™ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-îªúøç éπ®Ω-ÍédØ√? é¬ü¿’, Å®Ωnç °æ‹®Ωh-´-™‰ü¿’ 鬕öÀd v°æ≤ƒh-N-Ææ’h†o Ææçü¿-®√s¥-EéÀ ´·çü¿’)
lest = so that not = äéπ N≠æߪ’ç ï®Ω-í∫-èπ◊çú≈
Ç ïçûª’-´¤†’ îª÷Æœ-†-¢√-∞¡x™ 
2. a) It would have led to escalation in violence. 1. a) This is the first time (for him) to go there = Romans ¢Á·ü¿-öÀ-¢√∞¡Ÿx.(´’†ç
b) Lest it should lead to escalation in violence ÖçúË ç -ü¿’èπ◊ . Åûª-úø-éπ\-úÕéÀ ¢Á∞¡xúøç ÉC ¢Á·ü¿-öÀ-≤ƒJ. (Éçûª-èπ◊- ´÷ö«x-úø’-èπ◊ç-ô’-†oC, ¢Á·ü¿öÀ
- Ñ È®çúø’ ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ äÍé Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçüΔ? îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπüΔ, °j È®çúø’ ¢√é¬u™ Å®Ωnç äéπöÀ é¬ü¿’. ´·çü¿’ ¢Á∞¡x-™‰ü¿’/ D-E ûª®√yûª ¢Á∞Ïx Å´-鬨¡ç Éçé¬ ¨¡û√•lç ņ’-èπ◊çõ‰, Åçûª-èπ◊-´·çüË
3. How did I do on others? DE ûÁ©’í∫’ Å®Ωnç 3. How did I do on others - DEéÀ Å®Ωnç ™‰ü¿’. ´îª’aç-úø-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a.) Ç ïçûª’-´¤†’ îª÷Æœ-†-¢√-∞¡Ÿx-Ø√o®Ω’. ¢√∞¡x™ x
Something is missing in the group of words. b) This is the first time (for him) to have gone Romans ¢Á·ü¿-öÀ-¢√∞¡Ÿx.)
– Èé.áÆˇ.Ç®˝., ü¿Jz -v°æ-¨¡o:
àN’öÀ?
there = Å®·ûË 2 (a) éÃ, 2 (b) éà ֆo-ûË-ú≈†’ Åçûªí¬ °æöÀdç-
ï¢√•’:
(í∫ûªç™) Åûª-úø-éπ\-úÕéÀ ¢Á∞¡xôç ÅC/ ÉC
1. a) This is the first time to go there. ¢Á·ü¿-öÀ-≤ƒJ. Ç ûª®√yûª èπÿú≈ Åûª-úø-éπ\-úÕéÀ ¢Á∞¡Ÿxç- -éÓ-†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’; 2(a) simple and direct.
1. Correct. Any period of time/ any amount of b) This is the first time to have gone there. úÌa. Å®·ûË Ééπ\úø This èπ◊ •ü¿’©’ that Åçõ‰ØË
money is singular. 2. a) The Romans were the first people to Å®Ωnç ÆæJí¬ ´Ææ’hçC. í∫-´’-Eéπ: -´÷-Ja 27-† -v°æ--J-ûª-¢Á’i-† -≤Úpéπ-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ–438
2. a) It would have led to the escalation of vio- see the animal. 2) a) The Romans were the first to see the ani-
™ ã §ƒ®∏Ω-èπ◊úø’ ÅúÕ-T† v°æ¨¡o™ 'you are astonish-
ing every one' ÅE ÖçC. -Ç -¢√éπuç -ûª°æ¤p. Ææ´÷-üμΔ-
lence. = ÅC £œ«çÆæ/ üˆ®Ωb†uç °J-Ííç-ü¿’èπ◊ üΔJ b) The Romans were the first people to have mal = Romans
¢Á·ôd-¢Á’-ü¿-öÀ-≤ƒ-J Ç ïçûª’-´¤†’
BÆœ ÖçúËC. (Å™« 鬙‰ü¿’) seen the animal. refer
îª÷¨»®Ω’. (´’†ç timeîËÆæ’h†o ™) †ç™ èπÿú≈ ÅüË ¢√éπuç -´-*aç-C.é¬-F 'you astonish
every one' ÆæÈ®j-† -v°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç. í∫´’-Eç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm