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Remainder and Factor Theorems

1. Given that x
3
3x
2
4x + 16 (x 2)(x + 3)(x c) + Px + Q, find the values of P, Q and
c.
2. When x
6
+ 5x
3
px q and px
2
qx 1 are each divided ! (x + 1), the re"ainders
otained are # and 6 res$ectivel!. %ind the values of p and q.
3. When f (x) is divided ! (x 1), the re"ainder is 12. When f (x) is divided ! (x 4), the
re"ainder is 3. %ind the re"ainder &hen f (x) is divided ! (x 1)(x 4).
4. 'f (x
2

2x 3) is a factor of the e($ression x
4
+ px
3
+ qx )1, find the value of p and of q.
With these values of p and q, factorise the e($ression co"$letel!, sho&in* all !our
&or+in*s clearl!.
5. %actorise 2x
3
+ x
2
22x + 24 co"$letel!, sho&in* all !our &or+in*s clearl!.
6. Given that f (x) , x
2n
(p + 1)x
2
+ p, &here n and p are $ositive inte*ers, sho& that (x 1)
is a factor of f (x) for all real values of p. When p , 4, find the value of n for &hich (x + 2)
is a factor of f (x) and then factorise f (x) co"$letel!, sho&in* all !our &or+in*s clearl!.
#. -ho& that (x + 2) is a factor of 2x
3
x
2
13x 6, and factorise this e($ression
co"$letel!, sho&in* all !our &or+in*s clearl!. .ence, solve the e/uation
2(2y 1)
3
(2y 1)
2
26y + # , 0.
). When f (x) , x
3
+ kx
2
#x + 2 is divided ! (x k), the re"ainder is 2k. %ind the $ossile
values of k, leavin* !our ans&er to t&o deci"al $laces &here necessar!, &ith &or+in*s.
1. -olve the e/uation x
3
)x
2
+ 10x + 4 , 0, *ivin* !our ans&ers correct to t&o deci"al
$laces &here necessar!, sho&in* all !our &or+in*s clearl!.
10. %or all real values of x,
f (x) , 4x
3
2x
2
x + 1 A(x 1) + B(x
2
1) + Cx(x
2
1) + D.
%ind the values of A, B, C and D.
.ence, state the re"ainder &hen f (x) + 3 is divided !
(i) (x 1), and
(ii) (x
2
1).
11. -olve the e/uation 4x
3
+ 3x
2
16x 12 , 0, sho&in* all !our &or+in*s clearl!.
.ence, find the values of x for &hich
2x2
3
+ 32x2
2
42x2 3 , 0.
12. (a) Given that (x 2) and (x + 1) are oth factors of f (x), &here
f (x) , 4x
4
+ px
3
1x
2
+ qx + 2,
sho& that the values of p and q are 4 and 1 res$ectivel!.
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() Given that f (x) can also e e($ressed as f (x) , (x 2)(x + 1)(ax
2
+ b), find the values
of a and b.
4! usin* an a$$ro$riate sustitution, or other&ise, solve
4x
)
4x
6
, 1x
4
x
2
2.
13. Given that the e($ression 2x
3
+ ax
2
+ bx + c leaves the sa"e re"ainder &hen divided !
(x + 1) or (x 2), find the value of a + b.
Given also that the re"ainder is 5 &hen the e($ression is divided ! (x 1), calculate the
value of c.
14. Given that 5x
2
4x + 22 A(x 1)
2
+ B(x + 2) C for all real values of x, find the values
of A, B and C.
15. (a) -ho& that (x 2y) is a factor of x
3
+ 2x
2
y 5xy
2
6y
3
and find the other t&o factors.
() Given that x
3
+ #x
2
+ ax 5 (x
2
x 2)f (x) + (x + 1)(bx 1), find
(i) the value of a and of b, and
(ii) f (x).
16. %ind the roots of the e/uation y , 2x
3
1x
2
+ 3x + 4, sho&in* all !our &or+in*s clearl!.
.ence, s+etch the curve of the cuic e/uation.
1#. (a) -ho& that the $ol!no"ial a
3
+ 4a
2
13a 34 is divisile ! (a + 2).
() .ence, solve the e/uation a
3
+ 4a
2
13a 34 , 0, e($ressin* non5inte*er solutions in
the for" p 6 q72, &here p and q are inte*ers.
1). Given that f (x) , 3x
3
+ ax
2
+ bx + 2 is divisile ! (3x
2
+ 5x 2).
(a) -ho& that a , 2 and b , #.
() -olve the e/uation f (x) , 0, sho&in* all !our &or+in*s clearl!.
(c) .ence, ! usin* a suitale sustitution, solve the e/uation, leavin* !our ans&ers in 3
si*nificant fi*ures, &here necessar!,
(i) 3x
1
+ ax
6
+ bx
3
+ 2 , 0, and
(ii) 12e
3x
+ 4e
2x
#e
x
+ 1 , 0.
11. %ind the value of k for &hich (a 3b) is a factor of a
4
#a
2
b
2
+ kb
4
. .ence, for this value
of k, factorise a
4
#a
2
b
2
+ kb
4
co"$letel!.
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20. 8he e($ression x
2n
k has (x + 3) as a factor and leaves a re"ainder of )0 &hen divided
! (x + 1). 9alculate the values of n and k, &here oth are inte*ers. With these values of n
and k, factorise x
2n
k co"$letel!.
21. Given that x
3
3x
2
4x + 16 (x
2
+ x 6)(x p) + Ax + B, find the values of A, B and p.
.ence, or other&ise, find the re"ainder &hen x
3
3x
2
4x + 16 is divided !
(a) (1 x), and
() (x
2
+ x 6).
22. 8he e($ression 4x
3
+ 21x 6 has the sa"e re"ainder &hen divided ! (x a) or !
(x + b), &here a : b. %ind the value of a
2
+ b
2
ab.
~End~
Please check your workings carefully!
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