LTE Questions and answers -1

Question 1: Which of the following scenarios would produce the highest

user data rate?

a. 16 QAM, Coding rate 95%, 2X2 MIMO
b. 64 QAM, Coding rate 95%, 2X2 MIMO
c. 64 QAM, Coding rate 33%, 2X2 MIMO
d. 64 QAM, Coding rate 33%, Tx Diversity

Question 2: What is the maximum theoretical user data rate in a LTE
network with a 5 MHz channel bandwidth?

a. 1.1 Mbps
b. 1.7 Mbps
c. 42.5 Mbps
d. 170 Mbps

Question 3: Which of the following number of LTE RBs could NOT be
allocated to a UE in the uplink?

a. 1
b. 4
c. 7
d. 9

Question 4: What would be the peak uplink rate at the MAC layer of a
UE using 25 RBs, 64 QAM and a coding rate of 95%?

a. 10 Mbps
b. 20 Mbps
c. 40 Mbps
d. 50 Mbps

Question 5: Which of the following LTE traffic types DOES NOT use TCP?

a. Web browsing
b. Email
c. Video Streaming
d. Voice

Question 6: Which TCP port does a server listen to for FTP accesses?

a. Port 1.
b. Port 20.
c. Port 21.
d. Port 80.

Question 7: Which of the following criteria are regarded as acceptable
for voice over LTE?

a.Tr <80 msec and lost/delayed blocks <10 %
b.Tr <80 msec and lost/delayed blocks <1 %
c.Tr <10 msec and lost/delayed blocks <8 %
d.Tr <10 msec and lost/delayed blocks <1 %

Question 8: In an LTE system if high interference is at the edge of the
bands then which channel below is expected to get impacted the most?

A. PUSCH
B. PUCCH
C. PDSCH
D. PRACH
Question 9: What is the maximum value of RSRQ that can be reported
by UE ?

A. 0 db
B. -3dBm
C. +3dBm
D. -1 dBm

Question 10: The NAS messages are exchanged between?

A. UE and enode B
B. UE and MME
C. MME and SGw
D. enode B and MME

Question 11: Which of the SIB contains information necessary for the
UE to camp on a cell ?

A. SIB3
B. SIB2
C. SIB1
D. SIB6

Question 12: The UE Context on the enodeB can be torn down by?

A. UE
B. MME
C. HSS
D. PCRF

Question 13: Which Link connects one MME to another MME?

A. S11
B. S10
C. S1
D. S4

Question 14: What is the main drawback of using TCP for real time
applications?

A. Incurs costs to the operators
B. Due to its handshake behavior, it is not suited for real time
applications - More delay, Loss etc
C. TCP does not support QoS mechanism
D. All of the above

Question 15: Which OSI Layer is used for switching?

A. Session Layer
B. Transport Layer
C. Data Link Layer
D. Network Layer

Question 16: Which of the following codecs can be used for HD voice?

A. 12.2 AMR
B. 12.65 AMR-WB
C. 4.75 AMR
D. All of above






LTE Questions and answers -2

Q1. How does the UE know how to behave in idle mode?

The UE reads system information in order to acquire the necessary information,
e.g. cell selection, cell reselection, paging and random access parameters.

Q2. What is the purpose of Radio Connection Supervision?

To utilize the network resources as efficient as possible, i.e. releasing inactive
and out-of-sync UEs. Also to avoid undue charging of subscribers.

Q3. Scheduler interacts with which entities?

Link adaptation, Quality of Service framework and Power Control

Q4. What is the purpose of Capacity Management?

To avoid overload in the network. Admission Control can reject connection
requests in order not to jeopardize the stability of the network. Congestion
Control can release connections that cause overload. Note that Congestion
Control is not used in the early releases.

Q5. List at least four different kinds of connected mode mobility types.

Intra eNB HO, Inter eNB HO, X2 HO, S1 HO, GSM Session Continuity, WCDMA
Session Continuity, CDMA2000 Session Continuity

Q6. What are idle mode tasks of UE in LTE?

-PLMN selection and reselection
-Cell selection and reselection
-Location registration
-Paging
-Reading of system information

Q7. When is the cell reselection triggered?

-When the cell on which it is camping is no longer suitable
-When the UE, in camped normally state, has found a better
neighboring cell than the cell on which it is camping
-When the UE is in limited service state on an acceptable cell
Q8. What is a DRX cycle? How can one calculate the DRX cycle length?

Time between two paging occasions is called DRX cycle. DRX cycle length = T
10 (ms)

Q9. How many Quality Class Indicators (QCI) are standardized by the
3GPP?

a. 3
b. 7
c. 9
d. 64

Q10. What is the smallest scheduling unit?

The smallest time/frequency entity that the scheduler may assign consists of
twelve sub-carriers (180 kHz) in the frequency domain and a sub-frame (1ms)
in time. This corresponds to two 180kHz * 0.5ms physical resource blocks that
are consecutive in time and is referred to as a Scheduling Block (SB).

Q11. Which resources are controlled by scheduler in UL and DL?

UL: Physical Resource Blocks , PDCCH Resources, Baseband Processing Power
DL: Physical Resource Blocks, DL Power, PDCCH Resources, TX rank, Baseband
Processing Power

Q12. Which physical channels are controlled by scheduler?

DL: PDSCH, PDCCH and UL: PUSCH

All other channels have fixed allocation in the time frequency grid.

Q13. What is CFR and how does it impact Link Adaptation?

CFR Channel Feedback Report consist of CQI, PMI(Pre coding Metrix indicator)
and RI(Rank Indicator)
CQI Channel Quality Indicator is an index that is communicated to the eNB
that suggests link adaptation parameters. CQI's are ranging from 0(Lowest) to
15(Highest) which have modulation scheme QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM.

PMI Pre-coding Matrix Indicator is UEs recommendation of the pre-coding
matrix to be used by the system. PMI is only reported if UE operates in spatial
multiplexing mode.

RI Rank Indicator is UEs recommendation for the number of layers i.e.
streams to be used in spatial multiplexing. RI is only reported if UE is operating
in spatial multiplexing mode.

CFR (CQI part of CFR) impacts Link Adaptation by suggesting modulation and
coding rate. Suggestion is then used to select a proper TF.

Q14. Which channels are used to report CQI?

Physical Uplink Control Channel PUCCH, Physical Uplink Shared Channel
PUSCH

Q15. What is the difference between periodic and a-periodic CQI
Reporting?

The periodic CQI report is carried by PUCCH. If the UE is allocated PUSCH
resources to send UL data in the same sub-frame as the
scheduled periodic CQI report, the periodic CQI report will use the PUSCH,
together with UL data transmission. In order to get more detailed CQI report,
the eNB can trigger aperiodic CQI report when needed. The a-periodic CQI
report is transmitted on PUSCH, together with UL data or alone.

Q16. What is the granularity of the CQI report?

The CQI report types are be divided into:
- wideband,
- UE selected sub-band, and
- higher layer configured sub-band.

The wideband report provides one CQI value for the entire downlink system
bandwidth which gives the lowest granularity. The UE selected sub-band CQI
report divides the system bandwidth into multiple sub-bands, where the UE
selects a set of preferred subbands
(the M best sub-bands), then reports one CQI value for the wideband and one
differential CQI value for each sub-band.

Q17 .How does the eNB know that the UE is sending a CQI report?

In case of Periodic CQI on PUCCH eNB will know the periodicity.
In case of a-periodic CQI on PUSCH the eNB is the one ordering it!

Q18 .What is the purpose with BSR(Buffer Starus Report)?

BSR Buffer Status Report informs the scheduler about the amount of the data
to be sent in UL by the UE.

BSR Buffer Status Report informs the scheduler about the amount of the data
to be sent in UL by the UE.

A BSR is triggered when at least one of the following criteria is fulfilled:

UL data arrives in the UE transmission buffer and the data belongs to
a radio bearer (logical channel) group with higher priority than those
for which data already existed in the UE transmission buffer.
BSR is triggered when UL-SCH resources are allocated and number of
padding bits is larger than the BSR size
when the UE arrives to a new cell
The periodic BSR timer expires


Q19. What is the main purpose with Power Control?

Power control and power configuration reduces inter-cell interference and power
consumption. This leads to higher cell capacity and the
control of maximum data rate for a UE at cell edge. In addition, it maximizes
battery life for the UE.

Q19. What is C-RNTI and GUTI in LTE?

C-RNTI (Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier):-

The eNodeB (Evolved Node B) assigns the UE a C-RNTI to identify the UE during
exchange of all information over the air. The C-RNTI is assigned during the
setup of the RRC Connection (Idle Mode Connected Mode transition) between
a UE and an eNodeB and is valid only for that RRC Connection. Once the UE
leaves the coverage area of an eNodeB the RRC Connection must be moved
(Inter-eNodeB Handover) and the "new" eNodeB will assign a "new" C-RNTI to
the UE. The C-RNTI is an E-UTRAN (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
Network) specific identifier and the EPC (Evolved Packet Core) Network has no
visibility to it.

GUTI (Globally Unique Temporary Identifier):-

The MME (Mobility Management Entity) assigns the UE a GUTI to identify the UE
during all message exchanges and procedures with the EPC. The GUTI is
assigned during the Attach procedure (Deregistered State Registered State
transition) between the UE and the MME and is valid only as long as the UE is
attached to the MME that assigned the GUTI. Once the UE leaves the Tracking
Area(s) of an MME the "Attachment" has to be moved (Inter-MME handover)
and the "new" MME will assign a "new" GUTI to the UE. Embedded within the
GUTI are the PLMN ID of the service provider and the MME Identity. Thus, the
GUTI uniquely and globally identifies a UE attached to a specific MME in a
specific Service Providers LTE Network in a specific Country. The MME may
choose to periodically re-assign a "fresh" GUTI to a UE that is attached to it.



LTE Questions and answers -3

Q1. What is the difference between CFRA and CBRA?

CFRA Contention FREE Random Access Preamble reserved Used
for Handover between cells and Downlink data transfer requiring UE
synchronization

CBRA Contention BASED Random Access Preamble randomly selected used
for Initial network access, Access following a radio link failure,
Handover between cells, Downlink data transfer requiring UE
synchronization, Uplink data transfer requiring UE synchronization

Q2. What is Link Adaptation in LTE?

Adjusting transmission parameters according to the channel condition is called
link adaptation.
Transmission parameters that can be adjusted are coding rate, modulation
scheme, transport block size and tx rank.

Q3. Which transmission scheme is used if two transport blocks are used
per TTI and transmission mode 3 is used?

Transmission Mode 3 = Open loop spatial multiplexing
Open loop spatial multiplexing can be TX Diversity or Large Delay CDD.
As question states two transport blocks in one TTI = Two code words in one TTI
=> Transmission scheme to be used is Large Delay CDD

Q4. Whar are benifits of Uplink Frequency Selective Scheduling?

It may improve the peak rate, cell Capacity, covetage and tries to schedule the
best part of the frequency band for each UE

Q5. What does the feature Dynamic GBR Admission Control mean?

It secures that that there are resources for GBR users and protects non-GBR
users from starvation

Q6. What is the difference between connected mode mobility and idle
mode mobility?

Idle mode mobility relies on UE measurements and UE decisions whether to
make a cell reselection or not. The MME keeps track of the UEs on a TA level.

Connected mode mobility relies on UE measurements and eNB decisions
whether to make Handover or not. The UE position is known on cell level by the
eNB.

Q7. What is the main task of the UE in handover?

The UE is ordered to make certain measurements and to report events when
the event criteria are fulfilled. The eNB evaluates
the measurements and makes HO decisions. In case of an HO, the eNB orders
the UE to go to the target cell.

Q8. How many HO events are there in LTE?

A1: Serving becomes better than threshold
A2: Serving cell quality drops below and absolute threshold
A3: A neighboring cell becomes better than serving cell by a certain amount
(qHyst).
A5: Serving cell becomes worse than absolute threshold1 AND neighbor cell
becomes better than another absolute threshold2.
B2: Serving cell worse than threshold1 AND IRAT neighbor better than
threshold2

Q9. Event A2 may trigger in which of following cases?

Blind release with redirect to WCDMA
IRAT HO to WCDMA
IRAT HO to GSM
Blind release with redirect to GSM

Q10. What are the benefits of Redirect with System Information?



The interruption time at release with redirect is shortened as the UE
does not have to read system information before accessing the cell.
It improves the end user experience of the CS Fallback feature and
also Inactive UEs can be released quicker.
System information from target cell is included in the release
message


Q11. List ANR functionality in LTE.



Neighboring cells are added to neighbor lists
X2 interface is established
Neghboring cells can be removed from list if they are not used during
a predefined time
OSS-RC is notified about add/remove of neighbor


Q12. Which are the requirements from the UE side in ANR?



The UE must be capable of reading and reporting CGI. (If a UE
capable of reporting CGI is not available, all external cells that

are possible neighbor cells must be defined manually.)

For inter-frequency ANR and ANR for UTRAN or GERAN it must of
course also support the wanted other frequency.
It must support measurement gaps to measure PCI on other LTE
frequencies, scrambling code (SC) of UTRANand Base Station Identity
Code (BSIC) of GERAN.
It must support DRX to be able to measure CGI from neighboring
cells.


Q13: Whats is the range of RSRQ in LTE?

UE usually measures RSRP or RSRQ based on the direction (RRC message) from
the network and report the value. When it report this value, it does use the real
RSRQ value. It sends a non-negative value ranging from 0 to 34 and each of
these values are mapped to a specific range of real RSRQ value as shown in the
following table from 36.133.



Q13: How many resource elements are used to carry reference signals?

8 RE's are used to carry reference signals and 16 RE's used when 2 antenna
ports are in used. To allow the UE to distinguish between the anttena ports
reference signals are staggred in time with transmission suspended alternatively
on each antenna port when the other is transmitting.