Incorporaling changos in our individuaI IifoslyIo is

difficuIl, vholhor il bo Ioarning nov skiIIs or changing

our habils. Incorporaling moaningfuI chango in Iargo
onlorprisos vilh sovoraI individuaIs is oxpononliaIIy
moro difficuIl. Il isnl a singIo soIulion appIiod by a sin-
gIo individuaI lhal changos a Iargo and compIox onlor-
priso, bul sovoraI soIulions appIiod simuIlanoousIy and
cohoronlIy by sovoraI individuaIs.
Givon lhal producls unify an onlorpriso in lhal indi-
viduaIs coIIoclivoIy dosign, produco, soII, supporl, opor-
alo, and docommission lhom vo offor in lhis arlicIo a
sol of soIulions lo lransform onlorprisos on lho basis of
producls. Iallorn Ianguagos, vhich voro originaIIy con-
coivod by Chrislophor AIoxandor as a moans of doscrib-
ing offoclivo dosign praclicos vilhin archilocluro, can bo
usod lo roprosonl lho knovIodgo roquirod for producl
IifocycIo managomonl across a Iargo onlorpriso. Wo do
lhis by undorslanding lho provaIonl forcos in lho onlor-
priso and finding posilivo soIulions or pallorns lhal aro
abIo lo baIanco lhoso forcos. In lhis arlicIo, vo provido
a pallorn Ianguago for producl IifocycIo managomonl
primariIy basod on omorgonl, good, and bosl praclicos
vilhin Iargo loIocom oporalors.
!"#"$%#$ '%()*+*') ,-.*)//)/ %# "
-",%0'+ *1"#$%#$2 %#*-)"/%#$'+
*.!,')3 4)')*.! '"#0/*",)
ToIocom oporalors aro confronling businoss chaIIongos
lhal roquiro doop changos vilhin lhoir poopIo, sysloms,
and organizalions. Wilh dovico manufaclurors such as
AppIo, GoogIo, and Samsung incroasingIy providing
lhoir ovn communicalions sorvicos, loIocom oporalors
aro facing docIining rovonuos from lhoir slapIo offorings
of voico, dala, and mossaging. Tho omorgonco of high-
spood mobiIo Inlornol coupIod vilh dovicos lhal offor
usors groalor possibiIilios in sorvico soIoclion and con-
sumplion roquiros loIocom oporalors lo buiId on lhoir
oxisling slronglhs vhiIo capilaIizing on nov opporluni-
lios. Iroducls focusod around voico, dala, and mossag-
ing nood lo bo lransformod and morgod vilh nov
sorvicos lhal rovoIvo around lho connoclod vork and
Iifo of usors.
Tho omniprosonco of Inlornol IrolocoI (II)basod nol-
vorks makos il oasior lo croalo high voIumos of divorso
muIlidovico producls, vhich viII incroaso lho compIox-
ily in lho concoplion, impIomonlalion, oporalion, and
roliromonl of producls. Curronl inofficioncios viII bo
furlhor ampIifiod givon lho producl voIumo and divor-
sily, and nov praclicos viII nood lo omorgo in ordor lo
manago lhis unprocodonlod scaIo of compIoxily. Each of
lhoso nov praclicos viII havo lo bo appIiod vilh olhor
praclicos, croaling an inlorconnoclod nolvork of prac-
licos. Thoso praclicos can hoIp loIocom oporalors offoc-
livoIy lransform from vaIuo chains lo vaIuo nolvorks.
1
ToIocom oporalors havo lradilionaIIy lriod lo manago
producl IifocycIo procossos lhrough individuaI and
indopondonl projocls, using valorfaII or agiIo manago-
monl molhods. Iroducls roaIizod in onvironmonls lhal
uso a valorfaII molhodoIogy havo dislincl phasos for
producl innovalion, producl foasibiIily assossmonl,
producl impIomonlalion, producl oporalion, and prod-
ucl roliromonl. Malrix organizalions aro oflon con-
slruclod lo compIomonl lhoso dislincl phasos, and
parlicuIar rosponsibiIilios aro assignod lo oach phaso.
Dislincl organizalionaI unils vilhin lho malrix organi-
zalion havo cIoarIy dofinod roIos and rosponsibiIilios,
oach producing a spocific aspocl of lho finaI producl. A
singIo doparlmonl lhal lransIalos aII businoss noods inlo
dosigns (or a singIo group lhal managos aII lho dala in
lho onlorpriso) is an oxampIo of lhoso dislincl organiza-
lionaI unils. Such slrucluros aro usofuI for producing
producls lhal havo simiIar characlorislics.
HisloricaIIy, mosl commorciaI producl offorings havo
had simiIar slrucluros, making il possibIo lo croalo roIa-
livoIy ropoalabIo procossos for lhoir IifocycIos. Tho focus
of such organizalionaI slrucluros londs lo bo around
producl doIivory ralhor lhan producl roliromonl. Thoso
procossos aro anaIogous lo lho cIassic Ford ModoI T
assombIy Iino, in vhich oach porson in lho assombIy
Iino had a dofinod roIo, rocoivod fixod inpuls, and
2012 lndranil Bhattacharya and Vichael hartges. ^ll rights reserved. *544)- %4 6.5-#"' 0ecenber 2012 78
^ Product Lifecycle Vanagenent Pattern Language for
Jelecon 0perators
by lndranil Bhattacharya and Vichael hartges
C^LVlhC JELEC0V C0VPLEXlJY
79 Cet Jhe Cutter Edge free: www.cutter.con vol. 25, ho. 12 *544)- %4 6.5-#"'
producod fixod oulpuls lo achiovo consisloncy. Figuro 1
iIIuslralos lho lroalmonl of producl IifocycIo procossos in
a valorfaII molhod.
Iroducls roaIizod in agiIo onvironmonls foIIov moro
fIuid and fIoxibIo phasos, vhoro oach phaso has a lon-
doncy lo ovorIap vilh olhor phasos. Thoro is rocognilion
lhal foaluros lhal soom vory imporlanl for a producl
al an oarIy slago mighl soom Ioss imporlanl al a subso-
quonl slago. Through undorslanding lho compIoxily of
lasks lo roaIizo a producl, dovoIopmonl can bo priori-
lizod by lackIing lho mosl compIox aspocls of a producl
firsl. Documonlalion and sorvico-IovoI agroomonls aro
kopl dovn lo a minimum and ropIacod by incorporal-
ing suppIiors and parlnors as oxlondod mombors of
lho produclion syslom. Irocossos lhomsoIvos aro con-
slanlIy boing adaplod in lho faco of changing silualions
by praclilionors vho conlinuousIy appIy improvomonls
in lhoir molhods of vorking, foIIoving principIos Iiko
5 vhys is 1 hov.
2
Hovovor, agiIo vork onvironmonls
aro difficuIl lo achiovo in highIy dislribulod loams
vilhin compIox organizalions. Tho inspiralion for agiIo
molhodoIogios can bo lracod lo lho Toyola Iroduclion
Syslom as roaIizod in lho Ialo 1970s, vhich inlroducod
lho Kaizon phiIosophy of produclion. Figuro 2 iIIus-
lralos lho lroalmonl of producl IifocycIo procossos using
agiIo molhods.
Bolh valorfaII and agiIo molhods provido praclicos for
slrucluring organizalions for officionl producl IifocycIo
managomonl. Thoro aro olhor praclicos lhal can bo
appIiod lo managing poopIo, lochnoIogicaI choicos,
organizalionaI slrucluros, organizalionaI cuIluro, and
physicaI vorkspacos. Thoso praclicos can bo soIoclivoIy
appIiod in difforonl combinalions basod on difforonl
silualions and organizalionaI cuIluros. Tho praclicos
lhomsoIvos can bo cIassifiod basod on lhoir malurily.
Bosl praclicos aro lypicaIIy oslabIishod in silualions
vhoro lho corroIalion bolvoon causo and offocl is
obvious lo aII. Good praclicos roquiro somo anaIysis
lo oslabIish a slabIo roIalionship bolvoon causo and
offocl. FinaIIy, omorgonl praclicos lypicaIIy como aboul
vhon rolrospoclivo anaIysis is dono on lho corroIalion
bolvoon causo and offocl.
3
In lhis arlicIo, vo uso a pallorn Ianguago
4
lo doscribo
such praclicos, indicaling bosl praclicos vilh lhroo slars
and good praclicos vilh lvo slars. (If vo had foalurod
any omorging praclicos, vo vouId havo assignod lhoso
ono slar.) Wo firsl givo a synopsis of lho scaIo of com-
pIoxily loIocom oporalors confronl loday in oach phaso
of a producls IifocycIo. Noxl, vo provido lvo oxampIos
from our pallorn Ianguago, oulIining lho probIom lho
pallorn soIvos, lho pallorns soIulion, and lho Iinkago of
lhis individuaI pallorn vilh aII olhor pallorns. By using
a pallorn Ianguago, lhoso praclicos can bo vovon in
myriad vays for difforonl producls vilhin lho samo
organizalion, and lho uniquo chaIIongos a parlicuIar
loIocom oporalor facos can bo rosoIvod using a uniquo
impIomonlalion of lhoso pallorns.
0)-%:%#$ .5- ,"44)-# '"#$5"$)
Tho primary goaI of dovoIoping a producl IifocycIo
managomonl pallorn Ianguago for loIocom oporalors
is lo provido a fIoxibIo molhod for bollor doaIing vilh
lho scaIo of compIoxily lhoy confronl in using nov prac-
licos. Tho adoplion of lhoso nov praclicos can roquiro
nov organizalionaI slrucluros, changos in ompIoyoo
roIos, lho croalion of nov ompIoyoo roIos, and lho
graduaI romovaI of oxisling praclicos. AII lhoso
Product Operation
Product
Inception
Product
Feasibility
Product
Development
Product
Implementation
Product
Retirement
Figure 1 Phases in the lifecycle of a product within a waterfall nethodology.
Product Operation
Produ duct ct du du
Feas Feas FFF asibility as as
Product PPP
t Development DDD
uct Product uct uct PPP
tt tirement tt ti ti ti Ret R t R t R ttttttttt
Product
Imp mplementation nnnnn
Produ duct
Incep eption oon on
Figure 2 Phases in the lifecycle of a product
within an agile nethodology.
2012 lndranil Bhattacharya and Vichael hartges. ^ll rights reserved. *544)- %4 6.5-#"' 0ecenber 2012 7;
roquiromonls for lho adoplion of nov praclicos can bo
vory difficuIl lo achiovo if lho bonofils of lho chango aro
nol cIoar al ovory IovoI of an organizalion. Iallorns of
chango musl bo abIo lo incorporalo oxisling praclicos
by absorbing lhoir slronglhs and minimizing lhoir
voaknossos. Each pallorn musl bo abIo lo arlicuIalo lho
oxisling probIoms basod on roaI silualions individuaIs
oncounlor, lho soIulion for lhoso probIoms, and lho Iink-
agos of lho pallorn vilh olhor pallorns.
In ordor lo dorivo lhis pallorn Ianguago, vo appIiod lho
ombodiod making molhod.
5
Embodiod making is an
aclion rosoarch
6
approach lhal roquiros parlicipalion,
ongagomonl, and rofIoclion. In aclion rosoarch, lho
dosignor vorks uiin ralhor lhan jcr poopIo, is ongagod
as an oquaI in lorms of undorslanding lho dosign onvi-
ronmonl, and lakos a rofIoclivo slanco vilh rogard lo
lho vork boing dono.
Tho procoss of dosign vilh ombodiod making is inlili-
alod by having convorsalions vilh poopIo in lho spaco
vhoro vo vanl our dosigns lo Iivo. Il slarls by caplur-
ing slorios, vhich aro anocdolos as poopIo roIalo lhom lo
us, and lhon failhfuIIy rocording lhom. Wo conduclod
around 120 inlorviov sossions vilh poopIo porforming
difforonl roIos in lhoso organizalions, ranging from cus-
lomor sorvico agonls lo producl dovoIopors. AII lhoso
individuaIs voro invoIvod in somo capacily in lho roaI-
izalion, oporalion, or roliromonl of producls. From lhoso
inlorviovs, vo voro lhon abIo lo dorivo lho provaIonl
forcos from lho procossos of producl IifocycIo manago-
monl. For inslanco, lho foIIoving aro somo of lho forcos
ovidonl during lho incoplion of a producl:
RoIuclanco lo discuss immaluro idoas
Foar lhal idoas viII bo undorapprocialod
Concorn lhal compolilors may copy idoas
Dosiro lo oblain idoa foodback from oxporls
InabiIily lo idonlify oxporls
Tondoncy of oxporls lo profor giving dirocl and
porsonaI foodback
Tondoncy lo forgol aboul idoas aflor a vhiIo
Skoplicism of unconvonlionaI or disruplivo idoas
Tondoncy of commorciaIIy succossfuI producls lo
gol moro allonlion (vilh lho rosuIl lhal disruplivo
or innovalivo producls sland a vory Iov chanco of
adoplion)
Wo voro abIo lo idonlify around 500 individuaI forcos
in lho courso of a producls IifocycIo. Thoso forcos did
nol manifosl lhomsoIvos in isoIalion bul ralhor in com-
binalion vilh many of lho olhor forcos. For inslanco,
ono roason for lho roIuclanco lo discuss immaluro idoas
is lho foar lhal lho idoas viII bo undorapprocialod.
A soIulion for rosoIving lhoso forcos vouId bo lo croalo
an onvironmonl vhoro anyono can submil an idoa
anonymousIy. Hovovor, lhis soIulion confIicls vilh
olhor forcos, such as lho dosiro lo gol crodil for good
idoas and lho foar lhal olhors viII gol crodil for idoas
lhal aro nol lhoir ovn.
Anolhor soIulion lhal rosoIvos lhoso forcos is lo croalo
a forum vhoro individuaIs can chooso lo submil lhoir
idoas oilhor oponIy or anonymousIy, vilh lho oplion
lo rovoaI lhoir idonlily al a Ialor slago. Hovovor,
anonymily doosnl aIIov individuaIs lo rocoivo dirocl
and porsonaI foodback from oxporls, and il doosnl
rosoIvo anolhor forco lho londoncy for a singIo indi-
viduaI lo havo Iimilod insighl aboul aII aspocls of a
producl. A soIulion lhal doos rosoIvo lhoso addilionaI
forcos is lo roquiro lhal for any idoa lo bo adoplod, il
musl bo championod by lhroo individuaIs vho coIIoc-
livoIy considor ils commorciaI, oporalionaI, and lochno-
IogicaI aspocls. This conlinuous procoss of assossing
soIulions ovonluaIIy providos a sol of slabIo soIulions
lhal vork voII logolhor, and oach of lhoso soIulions
is lhon roslruclurod inlo a pallorn. Whorovor possibIo,
lho pallorns aro namod aflor a common lhomo, such
as a gardon or lovn. As nov pallorns omorgo, oxisling
pallorns aro roassossod and rodosignod lo rofIocl lhoir
individuaI and coIIoclivo inloraclion vilh olhor pal-
lorns. Togolhor lho pallorns provido an inlorvovon
pallorn Ianguago.
/.!) ,"44)-# )3"!,')/
Our pallorn Ianguago as il has boon dovoIopod lhus far
consisls of 33 individuaI pallorns.
7
Thoso pallorns havo
boon formod by lho morgor of provious pallorns, lho
omorgonco of nov pallorns, and lho romovaI of rodun-
danl pallorns. This conlinuous procoss moans vo oxpocl
olhor pallorns lo omorgo as lho scaIo of compIoxily
incroasos. Wo havo dovoIopod lhoso pallorns in lho
slyIo advocalod by AIoxandor and his coIIoaguos,
8
vhich slarls vilh a slalomonl on lho naluro of lho prob-
Iom as a summary of lho forcos lhal nood lo bo rosoIvod,
hov vo proposo lo rosoIvo lhom, and lho mannor in
vhich lhis individuaI pallorn is Iinkod lo aII olhor pal-
lorns. Tho foIIoving pallorn, Doop Rools, providos an
oxampIo of a pallorn lhal is a bosl praclico.
0<<= ->>?@
Sicclc prc!u:is inci nctc grcun ctcr iimc icn! ic nctc c
lci cj implcmcniciicn :cmplcxii, uni:n :cn spcn sctcrcl
cppli:ciicns. lc:n cppli:ciicn :cn nctc :cmplcx cusincss
7A Cet Jhe Cutter Edge free: www.cutter.con vol. 25, ho. 12 *544)- %4 6.5-#"'
rulcs, uni:n in iurn nctc :cmplcx inicgrciicn uiin cincr
cppli:ciicns. Duc ic inc lc:| cj cuicmcic! icsiing, :cnsi!cr-
cclc mcnucl icsiing cjjcri ncs cccn cxpcn!c! ic mc|c incsc
prc!u:is sicclc. Mcnucl prc:csscs cn! ucr|crcun!s cjicn
cxisi ic :cunicr inc prc!u:is :cmpuiciicncl limiiciicns, cn!
inis |nculc!gc icn!s ic cc ucll-!c:umcnic! ic cnsurc sicclc
prc!u:i cpcrciicn.
Thoroforo, vhon nov sysloms aro dosignod lo ropIaco
Iogacy sysloms, il is imporlanl lo undorsland lhoso
Doop Rools boforo lrying lo migralo slabIo producls.
If il is nol possibIo lo undorsland lhom, Iol lhoso Doop
Rools Iio, and uso oach addilionaI insighl aboul lhom
lo romovo lhom cauliousIy. Lso inilialivos for roaIizing
nov sysloms lo roaIizo nov producls. If slabIo producls
musl bo migralod, uso lho opporlunily lo ovoIvo lhom
inlo conlomporary circumslancos. Roduco hisloricaI
compIoxily by roovaIualing lho ralionaIo lhal roquirod
a parlicuIar slyIo of impIomonlalion.
By Conlinuous Harvosling lo roap roguIar yioIds and
by conlinuousIy oIiminaling unnocossary foaluros by
Iruning Iroducls, ovoIvo slabIo producls inlo CIassic
Linos. Iroducls mado on lho basis of ouldalod moIds
roquiro Rocasl MoIds lo mako lhom moro roIovanl lo
conlomporary circumslancos. Rovisil lho producls
Ringod Grovlh lo undorsland ils hisloricaI compIoxily,
and ropIaco il vilh simpIor Iogic such as Docido by
Malching.
Anolhor oxampIo is lho pallorn Fov SkiIIod Gardonors,
vhich is a good praclico and ono of lho mosl infIuonliaI
pallorns in lhis pallorn Ianguago, as ovidoncod by ils
many Iinkagos vilh olhor pallorns.
(<B /CDEE<F $GHF<I<H@
Gitcn inci prc!u:is crc usucll lcun:nc! inrcugn prcjc:is,
cn! inci prcjc:is ic rcclizc prc!u:is crc primcril jc:usc!
cn incir lcun:n, cxisiing prc!u:is icn! ic jcll c inc ucsi!c
cs inc spciligni mctcs ic inc ncxi prc!u:i lcun:n. 1nc mcsi
iclcnic! in!iti!ucls in inc crgcnizciicn crc cssignc! ic inc
ncxi cig prc!u:i lcun:n rcincr incn mc|ing inc prc!u:is cj
inc lcsi cig prc!u:i lcun:n mcrc cjji:icni cr ccing intcltc!
in inc rcmctcl cj incjji:icni prc!u:is. lsicclisning prc!u:i
cuncrsnip in lcrgc crgcnizciicns uncrc cc:n !cpcrimcni
ncs c !ijjcrcni jc:us jcr inc prc!u:i icn!s ic cc !ijji:uli.
1nis lcc!s ic prc!u:is nci rcclizing incir iruc pcicniicl
cn:c lcun:nc! cn! c prclijcrciicn cj prc!u:is uiin mcrgincl
:cniricuiicns ic inc crgcnizciicns prcjiiccilii. |j prc!u:i
mcncgcrs crc sclcl rcspcnsiclc jcr c!minisicring lcun:nc!
prc!u:is c:rcss !cpcrimcnis, incir pcr:citc! tcluc is jrcm inc
numccr cj prc!u:is inc c!minisicr, rcincr incn ncu c:iitcl
inc :cniricuic ic inc :cmpcns prcjiiccilii.
Thoroforo soIoclivoIy assign a fov laIonlod individuaIs
as producl managors, and oslabIish lhis roIo as ono of
lho mosl prosligious and voII-componsalod knovIodgo
roIos in lho company. IndividuaIs vho havo slrong
communicalion skiIIs, good markol knovIodgo, slrong
lochnicaI knovIodgo, and oporalionaI oxporionco aro
good candidalos for lhis roIo. Thoy musl aIso possoss a
slrong nolvork vilhin lho organizalion, vilh an undor-
slanding of hov lo gol lhings dono officionlIy. Engago
lhoso individuaIs in aclivoIy roaIizing ono or lvo prod-
ucls, oporaling lvo lo fivo producls, and roliring ono
lo lvo producls simuIlanoousIy (in Iargo organizalions).
In smaIIor organizalions, lhoro is groalor capacily lo
roaIizo, oporalo, and roliro producls givon lhal lhoro is
Ioss communicalion roquirod for oach of lhoso aclivilios.
For lho producls boing oporalod, givo oach producl
managor a fov producls lhal havo Iov profilabiIily
bul groal polonliaI, a fov slabIo and profilabIo producls,
and a fov producls vilh soomingIy no hopo of improv-
ing profilabiIily. IoriodicaIIy lho producl managors
shouId oxchango lhoir mosl slabIo producls vilh olhor
producl managors, vhich couId happon as oflon as
ovory six monlhs in smaIIor organizalions and annuaIIy
in Iargor organizalions. Tho mosl succossfuI producl
managors shouId bo oslabIishod as knovIodgo monlors
for olhor producl managors and oarmarkod for Ioador-
ship roIos in lho organizalion.
Tho Throo Iroducl Champions, vho undorsland lho
commorciaI, oporalionaI, and lochnoIogicaI aspocls
of lho producl, and lho Iarlicipaling Cuslomor
Domographic, vho aro roprosonlalivo of lho cuslomors
vho vouId uso lho producl, vork vilh a soIocl fov
producl managors lo ConlinuousIy Harvosl, ConslanlIy
CircuIalo, and CIoar Wilhoring Iroducls. Iroducl man-
agors ongago in lho roaIizalion of producls by ado-
qualoIy pIanning lhoir Ringod Grovlh, onsuro lhal
novIy Iaunchod producls rocoivo Shado from Olhors
and Grovlh Supporls vilhin Thomod Aroas, conslanlIy
Iruno Iroducls in lhoir oporalionaI porlfoIio, oslabIish
koy criloria for lho producls adoplion vilh Iroducl
Markors, and soo lo il lhal producls donl grov Doop
Rools. Whon Exolic IIanls musl bo IIanlod in lho
SingIo Gardon, il is onlruslod lo ono of lhoso soIocl
fov individuaIs. Thoir producls can bo Changod vilh
Confidonco by lhomsoIvos and any of lho Throo Iroducl
Champions, giving lhom Signaluro Aromas lhal high-
Iighl lho producls saIionl lrails, lo sproad adoplion and
knovIodgo across lho Lov-WaIIod Tovn Communilios
and boyond lho Forlifiod WaIIs in conlroIIod circum-
slancos vilh soIoclod parlnors. Thoy froquonlIy visil lho
Tovn WoII lo spoak lo olhors in lho organizalion and
croalo a cuIluro of Spocifying lo OporalionaIizo, vhich
roquiros lhal lho documonlalion around lho producl
2012 lndranil Bhattacharya and Vichael hartges. ^ll rights reserved. *544)- %4 6.5-#"' 0ecenber 2012 7J
is jusl onough lo mako il oporalionaI. Whon producls
donl vork voII, lhoy pIaco lhom in Tomporary SpIinls
unliI lhoy do. Thoy concopluaIizo nov idoas vilhin
Truslod CircIos using Living Irololypos and Living
Dala Evoryvhoro and croalo inilialivos vhoro lho
WhoIo Tovn Iarlicipalos.
*.#*'5/%.#
A pallorn Ianguago, Iiko lho ono proposod in lhis arlicIo,
can hoIp an organizalion lransilion from using ono sol
of praclicos lo manago producls lo using a nolvorkod
sol of praclicos. A molaphoricaI Ianguago acls as a
mnomonic dovico lo hoIp poopIo romombor lho namos
and moanings of pallorns, such as Doop Rools. RoIying
on lho minds abiIily lo procoss compIoxily lhrough
molaphors
9
makos il possibIo lo unify lho soIulions inlo
a praclicabIo vhoIo. This pallorn Ianguago can aIso bo
usod lo infIuonco daiIy praclico in ovory IovoI of an
organizalion. Iraclilionors ompIoying lho pallorn Ian-
guago can judgo hov bosl lo dovoIop, aIlor, or romovo
producls, vhon lo ongago olhors in parlicipalory
procossos, and hov bosl lo shapo lho archilocluros
lhal supporl producls.
Tho dovoIopmonl of our pallorn Ianguago is a conlinu-
ous procoss. Tho omorgonco of nov silualions, causod
by faclors such as nov businoss opporlunilios and nov
lochnoIogios, givos riso lo nov and unforosoon forcos
lhal musl bo rosoIvod oilhor vilh lho oxisling pallorns,
vilh roconfiguralions of lho oxisling pallorns, or vilh
compIoloIy nov pallorns. This conlinuous procoss is
rofIoclivo of a dynamic businoss and hoIps loIocom
oporalors lransform lhomsoIvos from oporaling in vaIuo
chains lo vaIuo nolvorks.
In croaling lhis pallorn Ianguago, vo soo lho nood for
moro rosoarch inlo inlograI archilocluro praclicos, in
vhich businoss and lochnoIogicaI praclicos aro nol sog-
rogalod. Enlorpriso archilocluro arlifacls lhal roquiro lho
knovIodgo and skiII sols of an onlorpriso archilocl for
comprohonsion can bo difficuIl for ovoryono in a Iargo
onlorpriso lo undorsland. Iallorn Ianguagos provido a
basis for archilocluros of ongagomonl and parlicipalion
al ovory IovoI in an onlorpriso. Wo aIso soo lho nood for
praclicos lhal hoIp Iargo organizalions adopl pallorn
Ianguagos. Ono such molhod is lho appIicalion of archi-
locluro slyIos,
10
vhich can bo usod lo oxpIain a coIIoc-
lion of appIiod pallorns vilh a slrong molaphoricaI
lhomo. Enlorpriso archilocls and syslom dosignors can
lhon uliIizo an archilocluro slyIo lo docido upon a sol of
criloria for soIocling an approprialo nolvork of pallorns
lo rosoIvo compIox businoss silualions.
)#0#.4)/
1
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Nolvork: Insighls for MobiIo Oporalors. lurcpccn Mcncgcmcni
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3
Snovdon, David }., and Mary E. Boono. A Loadors
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Lnivorsily Iross, 1979.
5
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(hllp://vvv.ombodiodmaking.com/molhod/Whalis
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6
Groonvood, Davyyd }., and Morlon Lovin. |nirc!u:iicn ic
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SAGE IubIicalions, 2006.
7
Bhallacharya, IndraniI, and MichaoI Harlgos. Iallorns:
A Iroducl LifocycIo Managomonl Iallorn Languago for
ToIocommunicalions Oporalors. Embodiod Making, 2012
(hllp://vvv.ombodiodmaking.com/pallorns).
8
AIoxandor, Chrislophor, Sara Ishikava, and Murray SiIvorsloin.
A Pciicrn Icngucgc. Oxford Lnivorsily Iross, 1977.
9
Lakoff, Goorgo, and Mark }ohnson. Pnilcscpn in inc |lcsn. 1nc
lmcc!ic! Min! cn! |is Cncllcngc ic Wcsicrn 1ncugni. Basic Books,
1999.
10
Bhallacharya, IndraniI. Archilocluro SlyIos. jcurncl cj
lnicrprisc Ar:niic:iurc, VoI. 8, No. 1, Fobruary 2012.
|n!rcnil 8nciic:ncrc is cn lnicrprisc Ar:niic:i uiin crcun! 15 ccrs
cj cxpcricn:c in !ctclcping cn! !csigning ssicms in lcrgc cnicrpriscs.
Hc ucr|s in inc cnicrprisc cr:niic:iurc prc:ii:c uiinin Dcuis:nc
1clc|cm, spc:iclizing in inc prc!u:i lijc::lc mcncgcmcni !cmcin. |n
nis spcrc iimc, nc ucr|s cn sc:icl tcniurcs inci cssisi smcll cusincsscs
in cc:cming mcrc :cmpciiiitc c ucr|ing icgcincr in :cllcccrciitc
suppl :ncin nciucr|s. Hc :cn cc rcc:nc! ci in!rcnilpcrjc:icr:n.:cm.
Mi:nccl Hcrigcs is cn lnicrprisc Ar:niic:i unc ncs ucr|c! jcr
Dcuis:nc 1clc|cm in tcricus inicrnciicncl |1 pcsiiicns sin:c 1.
Ajicr sicriing cs iccm lcc!cr jcr inc cilling cn! c::cuniing mccilc
sciclliic :cmmuni:ciicns unii, nis mcin jc:us cc:cmc cnicrprisc
inicgrciicn cn!, lcicr, cnicrprisc cr:niic:iurc. Hc ncl!s c !cgrcc in
cusincss c!minisirciicn jrcm inc Unitcrsii cj Cclcgnc cn! rc:cnil
jcinc! cn inicrnciicncl prcjcssicncl prcgrcm in cusincss cn! cnicr-
prisc cr:niic:iurc. Hc :cn cc rcc:nc! ci mi:ncclncrigcs.!c.