Terminology

Terminology is the study of terms and their use. Terms are words and compound words
that in specific contexts are given specific meanings, meanings that may deviate from the
meaning the same words have in other contexts and in everyday language. The discipline
Terminology studies among other things how such terms of art come to be and their
interrelationships within a culture. Terminology differs from lexicography in studying
concepts, conceptual systems, and their labels (terms), whereas lexicography study words
and their meanings.
The discipline of terminology consists primarily of the following aspects:
analyzing the concepts and concept structures used in a field or domain of
activity;
identifying the terms assigned to the concepts;
in the case of bilingual or multilingual terminology, establishing
correspondences between terms in the various languages;
compiling the terminology, on paper or in databases;
managing terminology databases;
creating new terms, as reuired.
Terminology in translation
The classic example of someone in need of a terminology is a translator. !or a long
period of time technical translators have developed word lists for translation purposes.
"ost lists contain two columns, the first consisting of terms in the source language and
right next to it in the second column the corresponding term in the target language
appears. These lists are widely used in translation departments of companies to enable
translators to find matching terms in the target language. This is necessary to lower the
costs of translating manuals containing technical expressions that are in general neither
part of the translator#s active nor within his passive vocabulary.
The relationship between translation and terminology has been addressed by various
authors both in the field of translation and terminology. !rom the point of view of
translation, terminology is considered a tool to solve particular problems, while in
terminology translated documents may serve as a source for extracting terms when there
are no original texts on the sub$ect in the target language.
Terminology and translation present a series of coincidences. !irstly, terminology and
translation are characterized by their long tradition as applied sub$ects, in contrast to their
recently established character as disciplines. Terminology and translation arose from the
practical activity caused by the need to express specialized thought or to solve
comprehension problems.
%econd, due to their relatively recent scientific recognition, both translation and
terminology try to advance in the reaffirmation of their status as disciplines by placing
emphasis on the features that distinguish them from other sub$ects and adhering to
theories which sustain their autonomous nature as fields of &nowledge.
Thirdly, terminology and translation are interdisciplinary fields having a cognitive,
linguistic and communicative basis. 's a result, their foundation principles come from
cognitive, language and communication sciences. (esides, both sub$ects are information
and communication areas which have &nowledge categories and units expressing them
that are pro$ected on communicative acts immersed in particular social contexts.
)anguage is the essence of both disciplines. )anguage is the expression system that
reflects the spea&er*s conception of reality and allows individuals to interact and express
their ideas and thoughts.
+espite their similarities, translation and terminology are different fields of &nowledge
that focus on two different ob$ects: translation deals with the study of the translation
process and the analysis of the translated text, and terminology focuses on the lexical
form and content nodes representing &nowledge as structured in the experts* mind.
!inally, translation and terminology bear an asymmetrical relationship. %pecialized
translation inevitably needs terminology to produce an adeuate text. This is because
experts use terms for their texts. ,n practical terminological wor& terms are gathered from
texts produced by specialists in real communicative situations. -n the other hand, in the
process of elaborating glossaries, term extraction from original texts instead of translated
texts is a priority. -nly in situations where there is no discourse on a sub$ect in a given
language, are translated texts used as a terminological source. (.ambier, +oorslaer, /010,
pp. 2345236)