Phy BK Ans 3a

3A Wave Motion I Chapter 1 Reflection of Light
New Senior Secondary Physics at Work Oxford University Press 2009

1
1 Reflection of Light

Practice 1.1 (p. 5)
1 C
2 C
3 Luminous objects: candle flame, lighted
lamps and the sun
Non-luminous objects: books, blackboards
and the moon
(Or other reasonable answers)
4 (a) Divergent
(b) Divergent
(c) Parallel
5 (a)

(b)

Practice 1.2 (p. 10)
1 C
2 A
3 C
4 (a) Angle of incidence =90 40 =50
(b) Angle of reflection
= angle of incidence =50
(c)

5 Angle of incidence =90 25 =65
Angle between the incident ray and the
reflected ray
=65 +65 =130
6 (a) Angle of incidence =90 30 =60
(b)

(c) Angle of reflection for the final reflected
ray
=z
=90 y
=90 x
=90 60
=30
7 The surface of glossy paper is flat and light is
reflected regularly. The large amount of light
reflected by the glossy paper makes it difficult
to read the prints.


2
8 (a) When the surface of the water is ruffled,
diffuse reflection occurs to produce a
distorted image.
(b) J ohns explanation is wrong. The
reflection of light still obeys the laws of
reflection. The parallel rays are reflected
towards different directions because the
normals at different positions point
towards different directions.

1 A
2 D
3 A
4 C
5

6 (a) Height of her image =1.4 m
(b) Any two of the following:
virtual;
as far behind the mirror as the girl is in
front;
of the same size as the girl;
erect;
laterally inverted.
7 (a)&(b)

8 (a)

(b) The image is of the same size as the
object.
9

10 If the photograph is taken at an angle to the
mirror surface, less light will be reflected by
the mirror back to the camera and a better
photograph will be taken.
11 (a) Distance setting =3 m +3 m
=6 m
(b) No. This is because the camera focuses
on the mirror instead of the image. The
mirror is in front of the image to be
photographed.


3
12 (a)

(b) If he can just see his feet, the distance
between the bottom of the mirror and the
floor =
2
5 1.
=0.75 m.
(c) Yes, he can still see his feet.

Revision exercise 1
Multiple-choice (p. 25)
1 A
2 B
3 A
4 D
5 B

The angles marked in the figure above are all
equal to 40. Therefore,
=40 2 =80
6 C
7 D
8 (HKCEE 2004 Paper II Q13)

Conventional (p. 26)
1 (a) The angle of reflection is equal to the
angle of incidence. The incident ray, the
reflected ray and the normal all lie in the
same plane. (1A)
(b) (i) Yes. (1A)
(ii) For different points of incidence on
the rough surface, the normals
point at different directions. (1A)
When parallel rays of light fall
onto the surface, their angles of
incidence are different. (1A)
By the answer in (b)(i), they have
different angles of reflection.
Therefore, they are reflected
towards different directions. (1A)
2

(a) (Correct image) (1A)
(b) (Light ray from A to mirror surface)
(1A)
(Light ray from mirror surface to the
eye) (1A)


4
3 (a)

As shown in the figure above, OAB
and OFE are similar triangles (AAA).
By proportion,
2
1

OG
OH
FE
AB

AB =
2
1
2 =1 m (1A)
Also,
2
1

OG
OH
FG
AH

AH =
2
1
2 =1 m (1A)
The mirror should be 1 m wide and it
should be put at 1 m from H.
(Correct method to solve this problem)
(1M)
(b) The results in (a) do not change even if
the room is wider. (1A)
4 (a) The perpendicular distance of J acks
image from the mirror is equal to that of
J ack from the mirror, which is equal to
4 m. (1A)
The position of J acks image is
independent of Roses position. Even if
Rose moves, the position of Jacks image
will remain unchanged. (1A)
(b) Rose cannot see J ack if the light from
J ack cannot reach Rose after being
reflected by the mirror. (1M)
By the laws of reflection, Rose cannot
see objects on the right of position E'.

ABC' ~E'DC' (AAA) (1M)
Since AB : E'D =1 : 2 (E'D =EC'),
BC' : DC' =1 : 2
DC' =2 BC' =2 2 =4 m (1A)
Therefore, the minimum distance is 4 m.
5

(a) (Correct image position) (1A)
(b) (Light ray into Billys eye) (1A)
(Lines from the image to Pauls and
Larrys eyes) (1A)
Only Billy can see the image. (1A)
6 (a) Angle of reflection
=angle of incidence
=90 20 (1M)
=70 (1A)
(b) (i) 30 (1A)
E
J ack
1 m 2 m
A
Rose
C B
D
E'
C'


5
(ii) Angle of reflection
=angle of incidence
=90 20 30 (1M)
=40 (1A)
(iii) Before rotation, the angle between
the incident ray and reflected ray is
140.
After rotation, the angle between
the incident ray and reflected ray is
80.
Since the incident ray is
unchanged, the angle by which the
reflected ray turns =140 80
=60. (1A)
(Correct method) (1M)
7

(Correct positions of the image) (1A)
(Correct size of the image) (1A)
(Correct orientation of the image) (1A)
8

(a) (Correct image) (1A)
(b) (Two reflected rays which appears to
come from I
1
) (1A)
(Two incident rays from O) (1A)
9 (a)

(Correct incident ray) (1A)
(Correct reflected ray) (1A)
(Correct label for the angles) (1A)
(b) Reversibility of light rays (1A)
10 (HKCEE 2007 Paper I Q5)
3A Wave motion I Chapter 2 Refraction of Light


1
2 Refraction of Light

1 C
By Snells law,
n
X
=
X
a
sin
sin
=
) 55 90 ( sin
60 sin

=1.51
2 C
3 C
By n =
v
c
,
speed of light in glass
=
n
c
=
65 . 1
10 3
8
=1.82 10
8
m s
1
4 B

5 . 16 sin
sinr
=
5 . 19 sin
30 sin

r =25.2
5 B
6 A
7 The light ray does not bend only if it enters
glass along the normal, i.e. only if the angle
of incidence is 0.
8 Angle of incidence =90 35 =55
By Snells law,
n
alcohol
=
alcohol
air
sin
sin

sin u
alcohol
=
alcohol
air
sin
n

=
36 . 1
55 sin

u
alcohol
=37.0
The angle of refraction is 37.0.
9 Refractive index
=
u
u
sin
sin
a
=
20 sin
30 sin
=1.46
10 Light travels at different speeds in different
media. Refraction results from the change in
the speed of light when light crosses a
boundary.
11

12 (a) By Snells law,
n
A
sin u
A
=n
B
sin u
B

1.6 sin 60 =1.4 sin r
r =81.8
The angle of refraction is 81.8.
(b) By n =
v
c
,

B
A
v
v
=
B
A
n
c
n
c
=
A
B
n
n
=
6 . 1
4 . 1
=
1
875 . 0

The ratio is 0.875 : 1.
13

3A Wave Motion I Chapter 2 Refraction of Light


2
By Snells law,
n
g
=
g
a
sin
sin

sin u
g
=
g
a
n
sin
=
50 . 1
45 sin

u
g
=28.1
The angles that ray A makes with the normal
at the air-glass interfaces are 28.1, 28.1, and
45.
The angles that ray B makes with the normal
at the air-glass interfaces are 0, 0, 0 and 0.
14 When he sees the fish above water surface,
the apparent depth of the fish is smaller than
its real depth. Therefore, the Indian should
aim his spear at a point below where the fish
appears to him.
15 (a)

(b) Stars appear slightly higher.

1 D
2 B
(3): Total internal reflection does not occur
when light passes from an optically less dense
medium to an optically denser medium, no
matter how large the angle of incidence is.
3 B
By Snells law,
n =
u
u
sin
sin
a
=
30 sin
45 sin
=1.414
C = sin
1
|
.
|
\
|
n
1
=sin
1
|
.
|
\
|
414 . 1
1
=45
The critical angle for the liquid-air interface is
45.
4 Critical angle
= sin
1
|
.
|
\
|
n
1
=sin
1
|
.
|
\
|
46 1
1
.
=43.2
5

6 By Snells law,
n
A
sin u
A
=n
B
sin u
B

If u
A
equals the critical angle, u
B
=90.
1.7 sin 44.9 =n
B
sin 90
n
B
=1.20
The refractive index of medium B is 1.20.
7 (a) Critical angle
= sin
1
|
.
|
\
|
n
1
=sin
1
|
.
|
\
|
65 . 1
1
=37.3
(b) Maximum value of u
=90 37.3 =52.7
8



3
n
g
=
g
a
sin
sin

1.5 =
w sin
60 sin

w =35.3
x =90 w =54.7
On side BC,
y =x =54.7
On side CD,
angle of incidence
=90 54.7 =35.3 =w
By Snells law,
n
g
=
g
a
sin
sin

1.5 =
3 . 35 sin
sinz

z =60
(b) The angle of emergence of the ray is
equal to the angle of incidence.
10 Critical angle for diamond-air interface
= sin
1
|
.
|
\
|
n
1
=sin
1
|
.
|
\
|
42 2
1
.
=24.4
Critical angle for crystal-air interface
= sin
1
|
.
|
\
|
n
1
=sin
1
|
.
|
\
|
00 2
1
.
=30
The critical angle for a crystal is larger, so a
smaller amount of light going into a crystal is
internally reflected back. Therefore, a crystal
does not have the same brilliance as a
diamond.
11

Critical angle C for water
= sin
1
|
.
|
\
|
n
1
=sin
1
|
.
|
\
|
33 1
1
.
=48.75
Diameter of the divers view
=2 radius of the cone
=2 3 tan C (u =C)
=2 3 tan 48.75
=6.84 m
12 Air near the ground is hotter and has a lower
refractive index. With a continuous decrease
of the refractive index, light from the sky is
gradually refracted more towards the
horizontal. When the light meets a layer of air
at an angle beyond the critical angle, total
internal reflection takes place. As a result, a
person sees the image of the sky when he
looks down, i.e. a mirage is formed.

Revision exercise 2
1 A
By Snells law,
n
m
=
m
a
sin
sin

sin u
m
=
4 . 1
30 sin

u
m
=20.9
2 C
3 C
By Snells law,
n =
r
i
sin
sin
=
( )

6 . 66 90 sin
40 sin
=1.62
4 B
5 B
n
A
=
A
v
c
=
8
8
10 5 . 1
10 3
=2
n
B
=
B
v
c
=
8
8
10 2
10 3
=1.5


4
By Snells law,
n
A
sin u
A
=n
B
sin u
B

2 sin 20 =1.5 sin u
B

u
B
=27.1
6 A
By Snells law,
n
P
sin u
P
=n
Q
sin u
Q

Q
P
u
u
sin
sin
=
P
Q
n
n
=constant
Then,

90 sin
sinC
=
70 sin
35 sin
C =38
7 B
8 D
Depth of eyes below water surface
=
|
.
|
\
|
2
98
tan
8 . 0
=0.695 m
9 A
Refractive index =
r
i
sin
sin
=slope of the graph
Slope of Z >slope of Y >slope of X
n
Z
>n
Y
>n
X
Total internal reflection will not take place
when light travels from medium X (an
optically less dense medium) to medium Y (an
optically denser medium).
10 C
11 C

n
w
=
w
a
sin
sin
(1M)
sin u
a
=1.33 sin 30
u
a
=41.7 (1A)
The angle of refraction in air is 41.7.
(b) Angle by which the ray is bent
=41.7 30
=11.7 (1A)
2 (a) Refractive index
=
C sin
1
(1M)
=
4 . 24 sin
1

=2.42 (1A)
(b) By Snells law,
n
d
=
d
a
sin
sin
(1M)
2.42 =
) 80 (90 sin
sin

r

r =24.8 (1A)
3

(Correct path in oil) (1A)
(Correct path in water) (1A)
By Snells law,
n
o
=
o
a
sin
sin

1.47 =
p sin
50 sin

p =31.4 (1A)
q =p =31.4 (1A)
Then again by Snells law,
n
o
sin u
o
=n
w
sin u
w

1.47 sin 31.4 =1.33 sin r
r =35.2 (1A)


5
4 To the goldfish, the girl appears to be smaller
(1A)
and further away from it. (1A)
5 (a)
sin i 0.174 0.342 0.5 0.643
sin r 0.139 0.259 0.342 0.438

sin i 0.766 0.866 0.940 0.985
sin r 0.515 0.588 0.629 0.669

(Correct labelled axes) (1A)
(Correct straight line) (1A)
Refractive index of Perspex
=slope of the graph (1M)
=
3 0 65 0
44 0 95 0
. .
. .

=1.46 (1A)
(b) There may be error in measuring angles.
(1A)
If only one pair of data is used for
calculation, the percentage error will be
significant. (1A)
(c) The first point (0.139, 0.174) and the
second point (0.259, 0.342) seem to be
wrong. (1A)
The error may be due to inaccurate
measurement (1A)
or uneven texture within the Perspex.
(1A)
6 (a)

(Correct drawing of rays) (1A)
(Correct indication of the image
position) (1A)
(b) The letters will appear even higher.
(1A)
7 (a) Dispersion (1A)
(b) Different colours of light travel at
different speeds in the prism. (1A)
Therefore, they are refracted by different
amounts and separated from each other.
(1A)


6
(c)

(Correct drawing of rays) (1A)
(Correct labels of coloured light) (1A)
8 (a) Refractive index of water
=
w
a
v
v
(1M)
=
8
8
10 26 . 2
10 3

=1.33 (1A)
(b) By Snells law,
n
g
sin u
g
=n
w
sin u
w
(1M)
n
g
sin 50 =1.33 sin 78.3
n
g
=1.70 (1A)
The refractive index of the glass is 1.70.
(c) By n
g
=
g
a
v
v
,
speed of light in the glass
=
g
a
n
v
(1M)
=
70 . 1
10 3
8

=1.76 10
8
m s
1
(1A)
9 (a) Direct a ray from the ray box to enter the
semicircular glass block from its straight
edge. The ray must hit the centre of the
block. (1A)
Use the full-circle protractor to measure
the angle of incidencei and the angle of
refraction r. (1A)
Repeat with other angles of incidence.
Record the results in a table. (1A)
Plot a graph of sin i against sin r. The
graph is a straight line passing through
the origin. This means that sin i is
directly proportional to sin r. (1A)
(b) Direct a ray of light from the ray box to
enter the semicircular glass block from
its curved edge towards its centre. (1A)
Slowly increase the angle of incidence
until the angle of refraction is 90 (1A)
At this moment, the angle of incidence is
equal to the critical angle C. (1A)
10 Critical angle for diamond-air interface
= |
.
|
\
|
n
1
sin
1

= |
.
|
\
|
42 . 2
1
sin
1

=24.4 (1A)
When there is a layer of oil, the critical angle
for the boundary changes.
By Snells law,
n
d
sin u
d
=n
o
sin u
o

2.42 sin C =1.40 sin 90
C =35.3 (1A)
The critical angle increases if oil attaches on a
diamond. (1A)
As a result, fewer light rays are totally
reflected and the diamond loses brilliance.
(1A)
11 (a) Reflection occurs at X. (1A)
Refraction and (1A)
reflection occur at Y. (1A)
(b) (i) Total internal reflection (1A)
red
violet


7
(ii)

(Total internal reflection occurs on
the correct interface.) (1A)
(Correct ray diagram) (1A)
(iii) For each object, only one image is
formed by a prism. (1A)
(c) The surface of a ground glass window is
not smooth. (1A)
When parallel light rays hit the ground
glass, they have different angles of
incidence. (1A)

They would be refracted into the glass
and eventually leave the glass and reach
an observer outside the room at different
angles. (1A)
Since the refracted light rays leave the
glass in an irregular pattern, the image
formed is blurred. (1A)
On the other hand, most light from the
outside can pass through the glass and
reach the room. The room is brighter
when ground glass is used instead of
curtain. (1A)
12 (a) (i) By n
g
=
g
v
c
,
speed of light in the glass
=
g
n
c

=
45 . 1
10 3
8

=2.07 10
8
m s
1
(1A)
(ii) By Snells law,
n
l
sin u
l
=n
g
sin u
g

g
l
n
n
=
l
g
sin
sin

g
l
v
c
v
c
=
l
g
sin
sin

l
g
v
v
=
l
g
sin
sin

Speed of light in the liquid droplet
=
g
l
sin
sin
v
g

=
6 . 26 sin
2 . 29 sin
2.07 10
8

=2.26 10
8
m s
1
(1A)
(Correct method) (1A)
(b) Refractive index of the liquid
=
l
v
c
(1M)
=
8
8
10 26 . 2
10 3

=1.33 (1A)
to an
observer
outside the
room
parallel
light rays
ground
glass
light ray from
an object
totally internally
reflected light ray


8
(c)

(Total internal reflection on the vertical
surface) (1A)
(Refraction at bottom surface with angle
in air greater than that in glass) (1A)
15 (a) (i) By n
g1
=
2
1
sin
sin
u
u
, (1M)
sin u
1
=1.45 sin 15.5
u
1
=22.8 (1A)
(ii) When light travels from glass block
2 into the air, refraction occurs.
By Snells law,
n
g2
=
2
sin
sin
g
a
(1M)
=
7 . 38 sin
90 sin

=1.60
The refractive index of the glass in
block 2 is 1.60. (1A)
(iii) By Snells law,
n
g2
sin u
g2
=n
g1
sin u
g1
(1M)
1.60 sin 51.3 =1.45 sin u
3
(1M)
u
3
=59.4 (1A)
(b) The speed of light is greater in block 1.
(1A)
By v =
n
c
, the smaller the refractive
index, the greater the speed of light in it.
Since block 1 has a smaller refractive
index than block 2, the speed of light
will be greater in block 1. (1A)
(c)

(Reflection at boundary with i =r) (1A)
(Refraction at the bottom surface
bending away from normal) (1A)

Physics in articles (p. 64)
(a)



9
(Incident ray from emitter to the glass-air
interface) (1A)
(Reflected ray from the glass-air interface to
the sensor) (1A)
(No refracted ray at the glass-air interface)
(1A)
(b)

(Incident ray from emitter to the glass-air
interface) (1A)
(Reflected ray from the glass-air interface to
the sensor) (1A)
(Refracted ray in the water) (1A)
(c) Critical angle of the glass-air interface
= |
.
|
\
|
7 . 1
1
sin
1
=36.0 (1A)
By Snells law,
n
glass
sin u
glass
=n
water
sin u
water

1.70 sin C =1.33 sin 90
C =51.5 (1A)
The critical angle of the glass-water interface
is 51.5.
The angle of incidence the infra-red light is
45. Therefore, total internal reflection would
occur at a glass-air interface but not at a
glass-water interface. (1A)
3A Wave Motion I Chapter 3 Lenses


1
3 Lenses

1 D
2 B
3 (a) The thicker the convex lens, the shorter
its focal length.
(b)

1 C
2 D
3 (a) The image is real, inverted and
diminished.
(b)

(c) Magnification
=
size object
size image
=
8
3
=0.375
4 (a) The ray diagram is correct.
(b) The ray diagram is wrong. The image
should be formed at infinity as the object
is placed at the focus.

5 (a) (i) By lens formula,

f
1
=
v u
1 1
+

10
1
=
v
1
15
1
+
v =30 cm
magnification =
u
v
=
15
30
=2
(ii)

The image is real, inverted and
magnified.
(b) (i) By lens formula,

f
1
=
v u
1 1
+

10
1
=
v
1
30
1
+
v =15 cm
magnification =
u
v
=
30
15
=0.5
(ii)

The image is real, inverted and
diminished.


2
(c) (i) By lens formula,

f
1
=
v u
1 1
+

20
1
=
v
1
20
1
+
v =
Image is formed at infinity. The
magnification cannot be
determined.
(ii)

Refracted rays are parallel. Image
is formed at infinity.
(d) (i) By lens formula,

f
1
=
v u
1 1
+

20
1
=
v
1
40
1
+
v =40 cm
magnification =
u
v
=
40
40
=1
(ii)

The image is real, inverted and of
the same size as the object.
(e) (i) By lens formula,

f
1
=
v u
1 1
+

30
1
=
v
1
15
1
+
v =30 cm
magnification =
u
v
=
15
30
=2
(ii)

The image is virtual, erect and
magnified.
6 Magnification =
u
v
=5
u =
5
v

An inverted image formed by a convex lens
must be real, so v is positive.
By lens formula,

f
1
=
v u
1 1
+

f
1
=
v v
1
5
1
+
f =
6
v

The focal length of the lens is
6
v
.

1 D
2 B
3 D


3
4 (a) The ray diagram is wrong. The upper ray
should bend away from the principal
axis.

(b) The ray diagram is wrong. The ray
passing through the optical centre should
not change direction.

5 (a) (i) By lens formula,

f
1
=
v u
1 1
+

20
1
=
v
1
15
1
+
v =8.57 cm
magnification =
u
v
=
15
57 . 8
=0.571
(ii)

diminished.

f
1
=
v u
1 1
+

20
1
=
v
1
20
1
+
v =10 cm
magnification =
u
v
=
20
10
=0.5
(ii)

diminished.
(c) (i) By lens formula,

f
1
=
v u
1 1
+

10
1
=
v
1
30
1
+
v =7.5 cm
magnification =
u
v
=
30
5 . 7
=0.25
(ii)

diminished.


4
Revision exercise 3
1 A
2 D
3 D
4 C
5 C
6 D
7 D
Distance between the screen and the lens
=v =4 cm
Magnification =
u
v
=1
u =v =4 cm
Distance between the image and the object
=u +v
=4 +4
=8 cm
8 D
9 A
Since the image can be formed on a screen,
the image is real and the lens is convex.

u
v
=
size object
size image
=2 v =2u
Distance between object and screen
=u +v =u +2u
u +2u =72
u =24 cm
v =2u =48 cm
By lens formula,

f
1
=
v u
1 1
+

f
1
=
48
1
24
1
+
f =16 cm
10 C
11 B
The screen cannot capture the image because
the image is virtual. The screen cannot
capture the image even if it is placed on the
same side as the object.
14 (HKALE 2005 Paper II Q9)

1 (a) A convex lens is used. (1A)
Only a convex lens can form an erect
and magnified image. (1A)
(b) A concave lens is used. (1A)
Only a concave lens can form an erect
and diminished image. (1A)
(c) A convex lens is used. (1A)
Only a convex lens can form an inverted
and diminished image. (1A)
2 (a) Lenses which are thicker in the middle
are convex lenses. (1A)
Lenses which are thinner in the middle
are concave lenses. (1A)
(b) For a distant object, a convex lens forms
an inverted/real image, (1A)
while a concave lens forms an
erect/virtual image. (1A)
(c) For a nearby object placed within the
focal length, a convex lens forms a
magnified image, (1A)
while a concave lens forms a diminished
image. (1A)
3 (a) The lens is convex. (1A)
This is because magnified images can
never be formed by a concave lens.(1A)


5
(b)

The image will become smaller. (1A)
(Correct ray diagram before the object is
moved) (1A)
(Correct ray diagram after the object is
moved) (1A)
4 (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)



6
5 (a)

If object O is raised above the principal
axis to O', the image I will move below
the principal axis to I' and remains on
the same vertical plane.
Consider magnification m.
m =
v
u
=
20
40
=2
Also, m =
I'I
O'O
=
I'I
5

I'I
5
=2 (1M)
I'I =2.5 cm (1A)
The image moves 2.5 cm below the
principal axis.
(b) The image will move closer to the lens
and become smaller. (1A)
(c) The magnification will decrease. (1A)

(Correct rays) (1A)
(Showing a decrease in image size /
image distance) (1A)
6 (a) (i) The image is virtual. (1A)
(ii) The image is diminished. (1A)
(b)

(i) (Correct object position) (1A)
(Correct image position) (1A)
(ii) (Use a construction rule correctly.)
(1A)
From the graph, the focal length of
the lens is 10 cm. (1A)
(iii) By lens formula,

f
1
=
v u
1 1
+

10
1
=
v
1
18
1
+ (1M)
v =6.43 cm (1A)
The image distance is 6.43 cm.
7 (a) Aaron is using a convex lens. (1A)
This is because only a convex lens can
form an inverted and diminished image.
(1A)
(b) Yes. (1A)
He should put the piece of paper on the
opposite side of the lens to the building,
and at the focal plane of the lens. (1A)
2.5 cm


7
(c)

(Correct position of image) (1A)
8 (a) The image is vitual, erect and
diminished. (3 1A)
(b) Magnification
=
distance object
distance image
=
32
15
=0.469 (1A)
(c)

(Correct position of image) (1A)
(d) From the graph,
focal length =28 cm (1A)
(e) (i) The image is real, inverted and
magnified. (3 1A)
(ii) By lens formula,

f
1
=
v u
1 1
+

28
1
=
v
1
32
1
+ (1M)
v =224 cm (1A)
The image distance is 224 cm.
9 (a) By lens formula,

1
1
f
=
v u '
+
1 1
(1A)
(b) (i) u' =v' (1A)
(ii) By lens formula,

2
1
f
=
v u
1 1
+
'

2
1
f
=
v v
1 1
+
'
......(1) (1A)
(iii) From the answer in (a), we have:

v'
1
=
u f
1 1
1
......(2)
Substitute (2) into (1):

2
1
f
=
v u f
1 1 1
1
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
(1M)

v u
1 1
+ =
2 1
1 1
f f
+ (1M)

f
1
=
2 1
2 1
f f
f f +

f =
2 1
2 1
f f
f f
+
(1A)
10 (a) (i) 8.0 cm (1A)
(ii)



8
(Correct rays) (1A)
(Correct image) (1A)

f
1
=
v u
1 1
+

0 . 12
1
=
v
1
0 . 8
1
+ (1M)
v =24 cm (1A)
The distance between the image
formed and the lens is 24 cm.
(ii) This image is magnified, erect and
virtual. (1A)
14 (HKALE 2007 Paper I Q5)

(a) If our lenses were concave, light coming into
our eyes would diverge and (1A)
no image would be formed on our retinas.
(1A)
(b) (i)

(New object drawn) (1A)
(New image drawn) (1A)
(Rays correctly drawn) (1A)
(b) (i) (1) By lens formula,

f
1
=
v u
1 1
+

f
1
=
15
1
15
1
+ (1M)
f =7.5 cm (1A)
(2)

(Rays correctly drawn) (1A)
(Correct image drawn) (1A)
(3) To perform accommodation, the
shape of the lens is changed (1A)
so that the focal length of the lens
changes. (1A)
3A Wave Motion I Chapter 4 The Electromagnetic Spectrum


1
4 The Electromagnetic Spectrum

1 C
2 D
3 (a) This is because all colours of light are
reflected by the white paper.
(b) On the position of red pigment, only red
light is reflected. Other colours of light
are absorbed.
4 (a) Violet
(b) Red

1 A
2 A
3 (a) Infra-red radiation
(b) X: 32 C
Y: 23 C
4 (a) Ultra-violet radiation
(b) It induces the production of vitamin D in
the skin.
(c) From sunlight
5 s =vt =3 10
8

2
10 5 8
5
.
=12 750 m
The distance between the aircraft and the
radar station is 12 750 m.
6 t =
v
s
=
8
17
10 3
1000 10 37 . 2

=7.9 10
11
s
It takes 7.9 10
11
s for the light to travel from
the galaxy to the Earth.

Revision exercise 4
1 C
2 D
3 A
4 D

1 (a) X-rays (1A)
(b) Prolonged exposure to X-rays can
damage body cells and cause cancer.
(1A)
2 (a) (i) Infra-red radiation (1A)
(ii) Thermometer (1A)
(Or other reasonable answers)
(b) Infra-red radiation, (1A)
visible light (1A)
(c) Radio waves (1A)
3 (a) Infra-red radiation, (1A)
microwaves (1A)
(b) X-rays (1A)
(c) (i) Skin cancer / damage to skin cells /
blindness (1A)
(ii) Any two of the following:(2 1A)
avoid prolonged exposure to
sunlight;
wear protective clothing;
use skin protection
4 (a) Laser light (1A)
(b) X-rays (1A)
5 (a) Electromagnetic waves /
electromagnetic spectrum (1A)
(b) (i) Sterilizing medical instruments
(1A)
(ii) Tanning with a sun-ray lamp (1A)
(iii) Treating injuries using a heat-lamp
/ linking networked computers
through optical fibres. (1A)
3A Wave Motion I Chapter 4 The Electromagnetic Spectrum


2
(a) Distancetravelled =vt (1M)
=3 10
8
10
9

=0.3 m (1A)
(b) (i) s =vt (1M)
=3 10
8

2
10 300
9

=45 m (1A)
s =vt
=3 10
8

2
10 24 . 300
9

=45.036 m (1A)
The distances of the car from the
policeman during the two measurement
are 45 m and 45.036 m.
(ii) v =
t
s

=
3
10 1
45 036 45
.

=36 m s
1
(1A)
The speed of the car is 36 m s
1
. The
driver is speeding. (1A)
(c) Microwaves which have longer wavelengths
than infra-red radiation (1A)
diffract more (1A)
when reaching the cars. This will affect the
results.

Phy BK Ans 3a

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3A Wave Motion I Chapter 1 Reflection of Light

New Senior Secondary Physics at Work Oxford University Press 2009

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